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Difference between revisions of "Lew"

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{| class="floated master"
 
{| class="floated master"
 
|-  
 
|-  
! <p>{{rating|start|Partial Translation (from the German)}}<br/>by [[Christian Tobler]]</p>
+
! <p>{{rating|start|Zettel Translation (from the German)}}<br/>by [[Christian Tobler]]</p>
! <p>{{rating|c|Draft Translation (From the Latin)}}<br/>by [[Per Magnus Haaland]]</p>
+
! <p>{{rating|c|Draft Translation (from the Latin)}}<br/>by [[Per Magnus Haaland]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Codex Lew (Cod.I.6.4º.3)|Augsburg Transcription I]] (1450s){{edit index|Codex Lew (Cod.I.6.4º.3)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Codex Lew (Cod.I.6.4º.3)|Augsburg Transcription I]] (1450s){{edit index|Codex Lew (Cod.I.6.4º.3)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29)|Salzburg Transcription]] (1491){{edit index|Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29)|Salzburg Transcription]] (1491){{edit index|Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
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|-  
 
|-  
| <p>[1]</p>
+
| <p>[1] Charge from the breast to his right hand.</p>
 
| <p>When you clash with your opponent to thrust him in the chest on his right side.</p>
 
| <p>When you clash with your opponent to thrust him in the chest on his right side.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 095r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 095r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
Line 3,066: Line 3,066:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| <p>[2]</p>
+
| <p>[2] Turn around with the horse, pull his right hand with your left.</p>
 
| <p>Turn the horse and grab hold of his right hand with your left.</p>
 
| <p>Turn the horse and grab hold of his right hand with your left.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 095r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 095r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
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|-  
 
|-  
| <p>[3]</p>
+
| <p>[3] Upon the encounter, take the stirrup-strap or the weapon.</p>
 
| <p>Make sure as soon as your saddles join together, you take his sword.</p>
 
| <p>Make sure as soon as your saddles join together, you take his sword.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 095r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 095r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
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|-  
 
|-  
| <p>[4]</p>
+
| <p>[4] Plant upon him high, swing, go through or break the sword.</p>
 
| <p>Thrust with the point above quickly, change through or parry the opponent's thrust.</p>
 
| <p>Thrust with the point above quickly, change through or parry the opponent's thrust.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 095r.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 095r.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
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|-  
 
|-  
| <p>[5]</p>
+
| <p>[5] The defense precedes all meetings, striking, or thrusting.</p>
 
| <p>Strike, move the sword over the opponent's arm and parry his thrusts or strikes.</p>
 
| <p>Strike, move the sword over the opponent's arm and parry his thrusts or strikes.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 095r.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 095r.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
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|-  
 
|-  
| <p>[6]</p>
+
| <p>[6] Take the strong with both hands.</p>
 
| <p>Hold the opponent hard with both hands.</p>
 
| <p>Hold the opponent hard with both hands.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 095r.jpg|7|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 095r.jpg|7|lbl=-}}
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|-  
 
|-  
| <p>[7]</p>
+
| <p>[7] Now begin to seek the opponent with the Slapping Stroke.</p>
 
| <p>Charge at your opponent with full force with thrusts and strikes.</p>
 
| <p>Charge at your opponent with full force with thrusts and strikes.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 095v.jpg|1|lbl=95v}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 095v.jpg|1|lbl=95v}}
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|-  
 
|-  
| <p>[8]</p>
+
| <p>[8] Turn his right hand, set the point to his eyes.</p>
 
| <p>Twist the opponent's right hand, and put your swordpoint into his face.</p>
 
| <p>Twist the opponent's right hand, and put your swordpoint into his face.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 095v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 095v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
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|-  
 
|-  
| <p>[9]</p>
+
| <p>[9] Who defends against the thrust, grasp his right hand in your left.</p>
 
| <p>If he removes your thrust you grab hold of his right hand with your left.</p>
 
| <p>If he removes your thrust you grab hold of his right hand with your left.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 095v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 095v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
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|-  
 
|-  
| <p>[10]</p>
+
| <p>[10] Seek the openings: arms, leather, gauntlets, under the eyes.</p>
 
| <p>Aim at where the arms are bare by his gauntlets<ref>Germ. And the eyes</ref></p>
 
| <p>Aim at where the arms are bare by his gauntlets<ref>Germ. And the eyes</ref></p>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 095v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 095v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
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|-  
 
|-  
| <p>[11]</p>
+
| <p>[11] Press hard, push from the reins and seek his messer.</p>
 
| <p>Charge at the opponent with full force, and pull his hand from the reins and take his sword.</p>
 
| <p>Charge at the opponent with full force, and pull his hand from the reins and take his sword.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 095v.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 095v.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
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|-  
 
|-  
| <p>[12]</p>
+
| <p>[12] With the empty hand learn two strokes against all weapons.</p>
 
| <p>Against all kinds of weapons, learn two techniques with empty hands.</p>
 
| <p>Against all kinds of weapons, learn two techniques with empty hands.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 095v.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 095v.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
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|-  
 
|-  
| <p>[13]</p>
+
| <p>[13] The Sheep Grip defends against all wrestling grips under the eyes.</p>
 
| <p>If you grab his visor and his eyes, all your opponent's wrestling will be for nothing.</p>
 
| <p>If you grab his visor and his eyes, all your opponent's wrestling will be for nothing.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 095v.jpg|7|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 095v.jpg|7|lbl=-}}
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|-  
 
|-  
| <p>[14]</p>
+
| <p>[14] Up close, catch the hand, turn over his face to where the nape is.</p>
 
| <p>As soon as you get close to your opponent, you twist his head with crossed arms.</p>
 
| <p>As soon as you get close to your opponent, you twist his head with crossed arms.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 096r.jpg|1|lbl=96r}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 096r.jpg|1|lbl=96r}}
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|-  
 
|-  
| <p>[15]</p>
+
| <p>[15] Catch the weapon from afar while you ride against him.</p>
 
| <p>When riding away from your your opponent, you parry with half sword or by the point.</p>
 
| <p>When riding away from your your opponent, you parry with half sword or by the point.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 096r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 096r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
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|-  
 
|-  
| <p>[16]</p>
+
| <p>[16] If you charge to the left, then fall to the sword pommel, jab under the eyes.</p>
 
| <p>When attacking the opponent on the left side you turn in the pommel in his face.</p>
 
| <p>When attacking the opponent on the left side you turn in the pommel in his face.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 096r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 096r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
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|-  
 
|-  
| <p>[17]</p>
+
| <p>[17] Charge to the right side with its skill.</p>
 
| <p>Attack a stronger opponent on the right/Germ. Attack to the right with your techniques.</p>
 
| <p>Attack a stronger opponent on the right/Germ. Attack to the right with your techniques.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 096r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 096r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
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|-  
 
|-  
| <p>[18]</p>
+
| <p>[18] Plant the point upon him to the face.</p>
 
| <p>Put the point into the opponent's face.</p>
 
| <p>Put the point into the opponent's face.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 096r.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 096r.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
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|-  
 
|-  
| <p>[19]</p>
+
| <p>[19] Shatter against all hits that ever happen.</p>
 
| <p>Resist forcefully all your opponent's attacks.</p>
 
| <p>Resist forcefully all your opponent's attacks.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 096r.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 096r.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
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|-  
 
|-  
| <p>[20]</p>
+
| <p>[20] The strong in the beginning position yourself therein correctly.</p>
 
| <p>In every battle, use your force at the beginning of the attack.</p>
 
| <p>In every battle, use your force at the beginning of the attack.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 096r.jpg|7|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 096r.jpg|7|lbl=-}}
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|-  
 
|-  
| <p>[21]</p>
+
| <p>[21] He who rushes the spear to the other is met beneath the eyes.</p>
 
| <p>Keep a close eye on the opponent's lance at the attack.</p>
 
| <p>Keep a close eye on the opponent's lance at the attack.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 096v.jpg|1|lbl=96v}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 096v.jpg|1|lbl=96v}}
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|-  
 
|-  
| <p>[22]</p>
+
| <p>[22] The Unnamed Grip takes the weapon or fells him.</p>
 
| <p>The nameless grip, is when you move the hand into the opponent's visor.</p>
 
| <p>The nameless grip, is when you move the hand into the opponent's visor.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 096v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 096v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
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|-  
 
|-  
| <p>[23]</p>
+
| <p>[23] If an opponent charges you to both sides, turn around left and thus he rightly comes.</p>
 
| <p>If he attacks you from both sides, turn the horse to the left, so that you end up on his right side.</p>
 
| <p>If he attacks you from both sides, turn the horse to the left, so that you end up on his right side.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 096v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 096v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
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|-  
 
|-  
| <p>[24]</p>
+
| <p>[24] Turn around again to where the horses hasten.</p>
 
| <p>If space is given for it by your opponent, you turn the horse.</p>
 
| <p>If space is given for it by your opponent, you turn the horse.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 096v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 096v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
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|-  
 
|-  
| <p>[25]</p>
+
| <p>[25] Be mindful to take and hold the messer.</p>
 
| <p>Remember well to disarm and hold on to your opponent's sword.</p>
 
| <p>Remember well to disarm and hold on to your opponent's sword.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 096v.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 096v.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
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|-  
 
|-  
| <p>[26]</p>
+
| <p>[26] Grasp over an opponent who falls upon you or ride against him.</p>
 
| <p>Move the arm over the opponent if someone attacks you, and fight him hard.</p>
 
| <p>Move the arm over the opponent if someone attacks you, and fight him hard.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 096v.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 096v.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
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|-  
 
|-  
 
| <p>[104]</p>
 
| <p>[104]</p>
| <p></p>
+
| <p>If he is about to strike at you from above, you raise the sword and parry with the long edge, and when you then ride close to your opponent with your parry, you reach with your left arm over the opponent's right hand and twist it as hard as you can to his left side, and strike him with the pommel wherever you want.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 115v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 115v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 153v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 153v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
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|-  
 
|-  
 
| <p>[105]</p>
 
| <p>[105]</p>
| <p></p>
+
| <p>'''Figure'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>The sixteenth figure teaches that if you ride to the left of the opponent you take his sword and strike its pommel in his face.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 115v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 115v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 153v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 153v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
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|-  
 
|-  
 
| <p>[107]</p>
 
| <p>[107]</p>
| <p></p>
+
| <p>'''How to catch the opponent's right hand with the reins'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>You may also with the left hand grab hold of his right with the reins and ride away.</p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
  
Line 5,771: Line 5,775:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <p>[108]</p>
 
| <p>[108]</p>
| <p></p>
+
| <p>Parry the strike from above out of guard as before and ride past him, and strike a free strike above as hard as you can in the head of the opponent.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 116r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 116r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 154r.jpg|1|lbl=154r}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 154r.jpg|1|lbl=154r}}
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|-  
 
|-  
 
| <p>[109]</p>
 
| <p>[109]</p>
| <p></p>
+
| <p>If the opponent charges at you in guard with lance, then lift up the pommel as high as you can with the right hand and lower the point to your left, and you will parry the lance thrust, and strike him in the head or thrust him with the sword point.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 116r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 116r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 154r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 154r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
Line 5,800: Line 5,804:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <p>[110]</p>
 
| <p>[110]</p>
| <p></p>
+
| <p>If you ride in on the left side of the opponent and he is about to strike at you, you shall use the sungaze, and he can do no more.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 116v.jpg|1|lbl=116v}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 116v.jpg|1|lbl=116v}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 154r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 154r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
Line 5,814: Line 5,818:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <p>[111]</p>
 
| <p>[111]</p>
| <p></p>
+
| <p>You may also use the crest grip if the opponent tries to defend himself with the left hand.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 116v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 116v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 154r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 154r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
Line 5,828: Line 5,832:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <p>[112]</p>
 
| <p>[112]</p>
| <p></p>
+
| <p>Furthermore, should he ride in with his left side on your right, and try to throw you with a sungaze, and it turns out that he is stronger than you, then reach with your right arm inside of the opponent's left. If he were to be weaker, you reach with it over on the outside of his left arm. Then, if you use the left hand to support your right, and press backwards with full force, but he then removes his arm, you grab hold of it with the left hand and reach over it hard with your right hand. If you then ride away, the opponent will fall.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 116v.jpg|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 117r.jpg|1|lbl=117r|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 116v.jpg|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 117r.jpg|1|lbl=117r|p=1}}
Line 5,845: Line 5,849:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <p>[113]</p>
 
| <p>[113]</p>
| <p></p>
+
| <p>Also, if the opponent puts his left elbow over your right arm, you shall grab hold with your left hand in his left and use the nameless grip.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 117r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 117r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 154r.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 154r.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
Line 5,858: Line 5,862:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| <p>[114]</p>
+
| <p>[114]<br/><br/></p>
| <p></p>
+
{| class="zettel"
 +
|-
 +
| 27
 +
| {{red|b=1|If one charges on the right<br/>&emsp;Stop; turn around; tend to the fight}}
 +
|-
 +
| 28
 +
| {{red|b=1|With the arm catch<br/>&emsp;Thus he cannot manage to harm you}}
 +
|}
 +
| <p>'''What to do if the opponent rides in on your right side, trying to get the upper hand.'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p><br/><br/><br/><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
<p>Take good note that if the opponent rides in on your right side when you ride together, and he then tries to get the upper hand over you, then you can stop him by doing this, and always make sure that you join with your left side on the opponent's right and above all make sure that you get close to him and grab hold of his right arm to grapple, and hold him down with techniques shown above and below.</p>
 
| <p><br/><br/></p>
 
| <p><br/><br/></p>
  
Line 5,891: Line 5,907:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <p>[115]</p>
 
| <p>[115]</p>
| <p></p>
+
| <p>'''How to get ahead of the opponent'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>If it were to happen that you are pressed away and forced to flee, and someone then were to pursue you from behind on your right side with lance or sword, and is about to attack you, you turn to your left away from his thrust toward the opponent again, and turn up your sword against his sword or lance so that the thumb is underneath, and thrust him from there.</p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
  
Line 5,917: Line 5,935:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <p>[116]</p>
 
| <p>[116]</p>
| <p></p>
+
| <p>If the opponent were to ride in on your left side, you turn to your right and use the sword as mentioned before.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 117v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 117v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 154v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 154v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
Line 5,931: Line 5,949:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <p>[117]</p>
 
| <p>[117]</p>
| <p></p>
+
| <p>'''Figure'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>The twenty third figure teaches that if someone pursues you on either side, you shall turn to the left so he ends up on your right side.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 118r.jpg|1|lbl=118r}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 118r.jpg|1|lbl=118r}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 154v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 154v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
Line 5,951: Line 5,971:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <p>[118]</p>
 
| <p>[118]</p>
| <p></p>
+
| <p>In pursuit you must be quick, however, turning quickly in the saddle, and make thrusts backwards on both sides.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 118r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 118r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 155r.jpg|1|lbl=155r}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 155r.jpg|1|lbl=155r}}
Line 5,966: Line 5,986:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <p>[119]</p>
 
| <p>[119]</p>
| <p></p>
+
{| class="zettel"
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 118r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
+
|-
| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 155r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
+
| 29
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 123v.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
| {{red|b=1|The sword take<br/>&emsp;Hold, learn to shame him}}
| {{section|Page:MS 963 71r.jpg|1|lbl=71r}}
+
|}
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.94 322v.png|3|lbl=-}}
+
| <p><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
<p><br/><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
<p>Take notice on what way you may wring the sword from the opponent, as you are holding him down, so that he cannot do anything against you.</p>
 +
| <p><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
{{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 118r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 +
| <p><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
{{section|Page:MS M.I.29 155r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 +
| <p><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
{{section|Page:MS 26-232 123v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 +
| <p><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
{{section|Page:MS 963 71r.jpg|1|lbl=71r}}
 +
| <p><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.94 322v.png|3|lbl=-}}
  
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.94 323r.png|1|lbl=323r}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.94 323r.png|1|lbl=323r}}
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p><br/><br/></p>
+
| <p><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
<p><br/><br/></p>
  
 
{{section|Page:Cod.icon. 393 II 224r.jpg|1|lbl=224r}}
 
{{section|Page:Cod.icon. 393 II 224r.jpg|1|lbl=224r}}
 
|  
 
|  
|  
+
| <p><br/></p>
 +
 
 
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 054v.png|5|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 055r.png|1|lbl=55r|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 054v.png|5|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 055r.png|1|lbl=55r|p=1}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <p>[120]</p>
 
| <p>[120]</p>
| <p></p>
+
| <p>Ride in on the right side, and attack the opponent's openings wherever you see them with strikes and thrusts, and if it were to happen that the opponent parries and gets in close to you, you pull forward his right arm just by the wrist, with your left hand turned and hold it firmly to you, and press his hilt to the outside of his left arm, and he will be forced to drop his sword. If you hold his arm as described above, you may also strike him with the sword or throw him with the crest grip however you wish, and take his reins.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 118r.jpg|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 118v.jpg|1|lbl=118v|p=1}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 118r.jpg|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 118v.jpg|1|lbl=118v|p=1}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 155r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 155r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
Line 5,999: Line 6,041:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <p>[121]</p>
 
| <p>[121]</p>
| <p></p>
+
| <p>'''Figure'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>Twenty fifth figure shows how to pull the sword from the opponent and hold him down.</p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
  
Line 6,023: Line 6,067:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <p>[122]</p>
 
| <p>[122]</p>
| <p></p>
+
{| class="zettel"
 +
|-
 +
| 30
 +
| {{red|b=1|The Unnamed<br/>&emsp;Against the strong to turn}}
 +
|-
 +
| 31
 +
| {{red|b=1|Their strike, their thrust<Br/>&emsp;Is being defeated without any fencing}}
 +
|}
 +
| <p>'''A little notice'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p><br/><br/><br/><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
<p>If you ride in on someone stronger than you, you shall hold him in such a way that he can use his weapons, if you ride in with your left side in his right.</p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
  
Line 6,059: Line 6,115:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <p>[123]</p>
 
| <p>[123]</p>
| <p></p>
+
| <p>'''The nameless grip'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>When you close in on the opponent's left side, and he has pulled his sword or military dagger,<ref>Germ. sword, messer, or dagger</ref> and is about to strike or thrust at you, then grab hold of his right arm by the wrist, and twist it around, and press it to your chest, and weigh down with your body, that way you will break his arm. This is called the nameless grip.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 119r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 119r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| <p><br/></p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
Line 6,081: Line 6,139:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <p>[124]</p>
 
| <p>[124]</p>
| <p></p>
+
| <p>'''A disarm'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>If you do not want to break his arm when holding it to your chest, you put the right hand on his right elbow and press it away from you. Then you grab his sword with your right hand either by the pommel or hilt, and thus you will pull the sword out of his hands, which is what the twenty third figure says.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 119r.jpg|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 119v.jpg|1|lbl=119v|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 119r.jpg|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 119v.jpg|1|lbl=119v|p=1}}
Line 6,130: Line 6,190:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <p>[126]</p>
 
| <p>[126]</p>
| <p></p>
+
{| class="zettel"
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 119v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
+
|-
 +
| 32
 +
| {{red|b=1|If you want to grasp<br/>&emsp;You should not fail to ride beside him.}}
 +
|-
 +
| 33
 +
| {{red|b=1|The Sun Pointer:<br/>&emsp;Take the left sleeve if you want to bend;}}
 +
|-
 +
| 34
 +
| {{red|b=1|Touch the forehead<br/>&emsp;Against the nape of the neck press very hard}}
 +
|-
 +
| 35
 +
| {{red|b=1|So that he sways<br/>&emsp;And rarely makes it up again.}}
 +
|}
 +
| <p><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
<p>Exhortation, that if you want to grab hold around the opponent you must ride close. This you must do on whatever side you close on your in on your opponent.</p>
 +
 
 +
<p><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
<p>'''Sungaze'''</p>
 +
| <p><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
{{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 119v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
  
 
{{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 120r.jpg|1|lbl=120r}}
 
{{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 120r.jpg|1|lbl=120r}}
|  
+
| <p><br/></p>
 +
 
 
{{section|Page:MS M.I.29 155v.jpg|5|lbl=-|p=1}}<br/>{{section|Page:MS M.I.29 156r.jpg|1|lbl=156r|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS M.I.29 155v.jpg|5|lbl=-|p=1}}<br/>{{section|Page:MS M.I.29 156r.jpg|1|lbl=156r|p=1}}
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS 963 71v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
+
| <p><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
{{section|Page:MS 963 71v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
  
 
{{section|Page:MS 963 72r.jpg|1|lbl=72r}}
 
{{section|Page:MS 963 72r.jpg|1|lbl=72r}}
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.94 324r.png|3|lbl=-}}
+
| <p><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.94 324r.png|3|lbl=-}}
  
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.94 324v.png|1|lbl=324v}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.94 324v.png|1|lbl=324v}}
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
|  
+
| <p><br/></p>
 +
 
 
{{section|Page:Cod.icon. 393 II 224v.jpg|5|lbl=-|p=1}}<br/>{{section|Page:Cod.icon. 393 II 225r.jpg|1|lbl=225r|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:Cod.icon. 393 II 224v.jpg|5|lbl=-|p=1}}<br/>{{section|Page:Cod.icon. 393 II 225r.jpg|1|lbl=225r|p=1}}
 
|  
 
|  
|  
+
| <p><br/></p>
 +
 
 
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 055v.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 056r.png|1|lbl=56r|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 055v.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 056r.png|1|lbl=56r|p=1}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <p>[127]</p>
 
| <p>[127]</p>
| <p></p>
+
| <p>Do as follows: ride close with your right side onto the opponent's right, and get as close as you can, and reach with the left hand from behind around his left arm and pull it to you as hard as you can. Then you grab hold with the right hand under his chin and push up as hard to his left. Thus you will show him the sun, and throw him off the saddle.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 120r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 120r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 156r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 156r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
Line 6,167: Line 6,256:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <p>[128]</p>
 
| <p>[128]</p>
| <p></p>
+
| <p><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
<p>Fourteenth figure shows that you in close range shall catch the opponent's hand twist the forehead the the back of his neck.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 120r.jpg|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 120v.jpg|1|lbl=120v|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 120r.jpg|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 120v.jpg|1|lbl=120v|p=1}}
Line 6,184: Line 6,275:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <p>[129]</p>
 
| <p>[129]</p>
| <p></p>
+
| <p>This grappling technique is called the sungaze by fencing masters, so that not just anyone would know what it is, and is also called a hidden grip.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 120v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 120v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 156r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 156r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
Line 6,199: Line 6,290:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <p>[130]</p>
 
| <p>[130]</p>
| <p></p>
+
| <p>When you ride in with the left side into the opponent's right, then grab hold of him as described and throw him behind you on your left side.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 120v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 120v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 156r.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 156r.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
Line 6,213: Line 6,304:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <p>[131]</p>
 
| <p>[131]</p>
| <p></p>
+
{| class="zettel"
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 120v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
+
|-
 +
| 36
 +
| {{red|b=1|Who attacks you with that<br/>&emsp;Grasp over against him and he will be shamed}}
 +
|-
 +
| 37
 +
| {{red|b=1|Press the arm to the head<br/>&emsp;This grip often robs the saddle}}
 +
|}
 +
| <p><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
<p><br/><br/><br/><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
<p>'''Defence against the above'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>There are many counters to this technique that are well suited both against stronger and weaker fighters.</p>
 +
| <p><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
{{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 120v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
  
 
{{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 121r.jpg|1|lbl=121r}}
 
{{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 121r.jpg|1|lbl=121r}}
| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 156v.jpg|1|lbl=156v}}
+
| <p><br/></p>
| {{section|Page:MS 26-232 124r.png|1|lbl=124r}}
+
 
| <p><br/><br/><br/><br/></p>
+
{{section|Page:MS M.I.29 156v.jpg|1|lbl=156v}}
 +
| <p><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
{{section|Page:MS 26-232 124r.png|1|lbl=124r}}
 +
| <p><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
<p><br/><br/><br/><br/></p>
  
 
{{section|Page:MS 963 72r.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
 
{{section|Page:MS 963 72r.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.94 325r.png|4|lbl=-}}
+
| <p><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.94 325r.png|4|lbl=-}}
  
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.94 325v.png|1|lbl=325v}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.94 325v.png|1|lbl=325v}}
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p><br/><br/><br/><br/></p>
+
| <p><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
<p><br/><br/><br/><br/></p>
  
 
{{section|Page:Cod.icon. 393 II 225v.jpg|1|lbl=225v}}
 
{{section|Page:Cod.icon. 393 II 225v.jpg|1|lbl=225v}}
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 056v.png|3|lbl=-}}
+
| <p><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 056v.png|3|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <p>[132]</p>
 
| <p>[132]</p>
| <p></p>
+
| <p>If someone stronger is riding in with his right side into your right, and wants to throw you with a sungaze, and accordingly has put his right hand on your chin, you move the right arm over the opponent's and move it to your chest as hard as you can. Then you weigh down over it with with the body. If you then ride forward you will throw him to the ground.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 121r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 121r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 156v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 156v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
Line 6,263: Line 6,382:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <p>[133]</p>
 
| <p>[133]</p>
| <p></p>
+
| <p>If he were to ride in with his left side in your right, and grabs your left arm with his left hand, you turn toward him and quickly lift up the right arm on the inside. Then you remove his arm with the stronger part of your arm move it over the opponent's arm and ride away.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 121r.jpg|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 121v.jpg|1|lbl=121v|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 121r.jpg|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 121v.jpg|1|lbl=121v|p=1}}
Line 6,279: Line 6,398:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <p>[134]</p>
 
| <p>[134]</p>
| <p></p>
+
| <p>If the opponent is weaker, and rides in with his left side in your right, and tries to grab hold with his left hand in your left, you lift it up behind you, and grab hold of his. Then you lift the arm quickly, and press his arm firmly to the back of the neck and ride forward.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 121v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 121v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 157r.jpg|1|lbl=157r}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 157r.jpg|1|lbl=157r}}
Line 6,321: Line 6,440:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <p>[137]</p>
 
| <p>[137]</p>
| <p></p>
+
{| class="zettel"
 +
|-
 +
| 38
 +
| {{red|b=1|If you want to retain yourself<br/>&emsp;From seizing}}
 +
|-
 +
| 39
 +
| {{red|b=1|Then take him into custody without wrestling<br/>&emsp;Without any rope}}
 +
|}
 +
| <p><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
<p><br/><br/><br/><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
<p>This technique is called hidden, and is one of the best, and not entirely dissimilar to, although not as good as the crest grip, since you can hold your opponent down whether he is strong or weak as long as you like, and lock him so that he cannot do anything against you until you let go, as long as you have taken hold of him in the right way.
 +
</p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
  
Line 6,352: Line 6,484:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <p>[138]</p>
 
| <p>[138]</p>
| <p></p>
+
| <p>If you want to do this, which lazy and over confident masters do, who show all their techniques and plays they know for everyone and all just for show, you will win the praise of the real and experienced masters of combat arts.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 122r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 122r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 157v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 157v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
Line 6,368: Line 6,500:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <p>[139]</p>
 
| <p>[139]</p>
| <p></p>
+
| <p>If you want everyone to see this grappling technique you do as follows: ride in with the left side onto the opponent's right and grab hold with your right hand in his right wrist and pull it forward as you press down and twist, and grab hold with the left hand in his right elbow, then you push the elbow forward and pull his right arm up over your left arm. Then you lift his right arm your left and hold him locked in this manner with no other fetters, and you may hold him captured for as long as you wish. This technique can be done on both sides.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 122v.jpg|1|lbl=122v}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 122v.jpg|1|lbl=122v}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 157v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 157v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
Line 6,382: Line 6,514:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| <p>[140]</p>
+
| <p>[140]</p>\
| <p></p>
+
{| class="zettel"
 +
|-
 +
| 40
 +
| {{red|b=1|The Before Grip remember<br/>&emsp;This indeed breaks his strength}}
 +
|}
 +
| <p>'''Admonition for always grabbing hold of the opponent first'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p><br/><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
<p>Always be careful to be the first to grab hold of your opponent, because if you are first to grab hold him and use the four main grips (the first the crest grip, the second the nameless, the third the hidden, and the fourth the sungaze), you will stop the opponent from using the same grips himself. Then you shall not forget to ensnare the opponent with the reins as well. If you know and exercise these above mentioned grappling techniques well and throroughly, it will be hard for anyone who want to throw you out of the saddle without putting their own health in danger.</p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
  
Line 6,445: Line 6,586:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <p>[142]</p>
 
| <p>[142]</p>
| <p></p>
+
| <p>'''Some other excellent pieces of advice'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>Learn how to steer and turn the horse on both sides.</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>Saddle the horse according to good horsemanship.</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>Pay attention to the sides where you can get your advantage.</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>If you see the opponent turn away from you in battle, thrust him with the point even if he is stronger than you, and do it as fast as you can if you do not want to get hurt.</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>Use the lance manly and with all your might.</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>Steer the horse with long reins when given opportunity, if you want to win the battle.</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>Shoot the sword over correctly and straight.</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>Parry the opponent's strikes and thrusts correctly.</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>If you parry the opponent's strikes, use thrusts and slicing in front and to the back, as strikes are hindered.</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>Then you cut off his reins(and furthermore threaten his left leg).</p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
  

Revision as of 20:59, 5 January 2020

Jud Lew
Born before ca. 1440s
Died date of death unknown
Occupation Fencing master
Ethnicity Jewish
Movement Liechtenauer Tradition
Genres
Language Early New High German
Principal
manuscript(s)
Manuscript(s)
Concordance by Michael Chidester
Translations Traducción castellano

Jud Lew was a 15th century German fencing master. His name signifies that he was Jewish, and he seems to have stood in the tradition of Johannes Liechtenauer, though he was not included in Paulus Kal's ca. 1470 list of the members of the Fellowship of Liechtenauer.[1]

Lew is often erroneously credited with authoring the Cod.I.6.4º.3, an anonymous compilation of various fencing treatises created in the 1450s. In fact, his name is only associated with a single section of that book, a gloss of Johannes Liechtenauer's Recital on mounted fencing that is actually one branch of the so-called Pseudo-Peter von Danzig gloss.[2] Though some versions of Martin Huntfeltz's treatise on armored fencing are also attributed to Lew, this is almost certainly an error.[3] By convention, the gloss of Liechtenauer's Recital on long sword fencing that generally accompanies this mounted gloss is also attributed to Lew.

Stemma

Early on in its history, the Pseudo-Peter von Danzig gloss seems to have split into two or three primary branches, and no definite copies of the unaltered original are known to survive. The gloss of Sigmund ain Ringeck also seems to be related to this work, due to the considerable overlap in text and contents, but it is currently unclear if Ringeck's gloss is based on that of pseudo-Danzig or if they both derive from an even earlier original gloss (or even if Ringeck and pseudo-Danzig are the same author and the "Ringeck" gloss should be considered Branch D).

Branch A, first attested in the Augsburg version (1450s) and comprising the majority of extant copies, has more devices overall than Branch B but generally shorter descriptions in areas of overlap. It also glosses only Liechtenauer's Recital on long sword and mounted fencing; in lieu of a gloss of Liechtenauer's short sword, it is generally accompanied by the short sword teachings of Andre Liegniczer and Martin Huntfeltz (or, in the case of the 1512 Vienna II, Ringeck's short sword gloss). Apart from the Augsburg, the other principal text in Branch A is the Salzburg version (1491), which was copied independently[4] and also incorporates twelve paragraphs from Ringeck's gloss and nineteen paragraphs from an unidentified third source. Branch A was redacted by Paulus Hector Mair (three mss., 1540s), Lienhart Sollinger (1556), and Joachim Meyer (1570), which despite being the latest is the cleanest extant version and was likely either copied directly from the original or created by comparing multiple versions to correct their errors. It was also one of the bases for Johannes Lecküchner's gloss on the Messer in the late 1470s.

Branch B, attested first in the Rome version (1452), is found in only four manuscripts; it tends to feature slightly longer descriptions than Branch A, but includes fewer devices overall. Branch B glosses Liechtenauer's entire Recital, including the short sword section, and may therefore be considered more complete than Branch A; it also differs from Branch A in that three of the four known copies are illustrated to some extent, where none in the other branch are. The Krakow version (1510-20) seems to be an incomplete (though extensively illustrated) copy taken from the Rome,[5] while Augsburg II (1564) collects only the six illustrated wrestling devices from the Krakow. Even more anomalous is the Glasgow version (1508), consisting solely of a nearly complete redaction of the short sword gloss (assigning it to Branch B), which is appended to the opening paragraphs of Ringeck's gloss of the same section; since it accompanies Ringeck's long sword and mounted fencing glosses, a possible explanation is that the scribe lacked a complete copy of Ringeck and tried to fill in the deficit with another similar text.

A Branch C might be said to exist as well, first attested in the Vienna version (1480s), though it is unclear whether it was derived independently from the original, represents an intermediate evolutionary step between Branches A and B, or was created by simply merging copies of the other branches together. The structure and contents of this branch very closely align with Branch B, lacking most of the unique devices of Branch A and including the gloss of the short sword, but the actual text is more consistent with that of Branch A. A fragment of Branch C appears in the writings of Jörg Wilhalm Hutter (several mss., 1520s), though Glasgow II (1533) assigns the fragment a much earlier origin, stating that it was devised by one Nicolaüs in 1489.

Finally, there is one version of the Pseudo-Peter von Danzig gloss that defies categorization into any branch, namely the one that Mair created based on papers purchased from the estate of Antonius Rast. This gloss is a chimeric abomination, combining text from all three branches in an apparently-arbitrary sequence, and then concluding with the final eighteen paragraphs of Ringeck.

While all branches were originally presented in a single concordance in the pseudo-Peter von Danzig article, the differences between them were revealed thereby to be extensive enough that they merit separate consideration. Thus, Branch A has been placed here on the page of Jud Lew, to whom is seemingly attributed the gloss on mounted fencing, while Branch B has been retained on the main pseudo-Danzig page. Branch C will be placed on another page in the future.

Treatises

Temp

Additional Resources

References

  1. The Fellowship of Liechtenauer is recorded in three versions of Paulus Kal's treatise: MS 1825 (1460s), Cgm 1570 (ca. 1470), and MS KK5126 (1480s).
  2. See folio 123r.
  3. Jaquet, Daniel; Walczak, Bartłomiej. "Liegnitzer, Hundsfeld or Lew? The question of authorship of popular Medieval fighting teachings". Acta Periodica Duellatorum 2(1): 105-148. 2014. doi:10.1515/apd-2015-0015.
  4. Both Augsburg and Salzburg contain significant scribal errors of omission that allow us to identify manuscripts copied from them.
  5. Zabinski, pp 82-83
  6. "thereby the hew" omitted from the Salzburg.
  7. S. "right-side foot".
  8. sic : nahent
  9. Liechtenauer's verse has in der rechten, "on the right", here, but it has been changed in all copies except the Salzburg and the Rostock.
  10. sic : rechten
  11. sic : lonen
  12. S. "peasant hew".
  13. 13.00 13.01 13.02 13.03 13.04 13.05 13.06 13.07 13.08 13.09 13.10 13.11 13.12 13.13 13.14 13.15 13.16 13.17 13.18 13.19 13.20 13.21 13.22 13.23 13.24 13.25 13.26 13.27 13.28 13.29 13.30 13.31 13.32 13.33 13.34 13.35 Word omitted from the Salzburg.
  14. Could be read as “schlichter”.
  15. "And you shall... with the other" omitted from the Augsburg. This omission is probably a scribal error, jumping to the second instance of also soltu.
  16. Couplet 104, part of the group 102-109.
  17. 17.00 17.01 17.02 17.03 17.04 17.05 17.06 17.07 17.08 17.09 17.10 17.11 17.12 17.13 17.14 17.15 17.16 17.17 17.18 Word omitted from the Augsburg.
  18. "of the man… of the girdle" omitted from the Salzburg. This omission is probably a scribal error, jumping to the second instance of der gürttell.
  19. 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.3 The subsequent play in Salzburg is taken from the gloss of Sigmund ain Ringeck, and is therefore omitted here.
  20. "To you truthfully" omitted from the Augsburg.
  21. "of the sword" omitted from the Salzburg.
  22. Fehlstelle im Manuskript
  23. "and you bind with… standing on the sword" omitted from the Augsburg.
  24. "And wind yet… and stab him" omitted from the Augsburg.
  25. Here Salzburg segues into Sigmund ain Ringeck's gloss of the same verse describing how the Crooked hew is used as a counter-cut: "This is how you shall cut crooked to the hands, and execute the play thus: When he cuts from your[sic: his] right side with the over- or under-cut, spring away from the cut with the right foot against him well to his left side, and strike him with outstretched arms with the [point] upon his hands."
  26. A. "him"
  27. "with the short edge" omitted from the Salzburg.
  28. S. "bind of the sword hews".
  29. A. "him".
  30. sic : schwerts
  31. Augsburg just has "protect".
  32. A. "your"
  33. Lit. "his".
  34. Salzburg doubles "schlag".
  35. "and to the body" omitted from the Salzburg.
  36. A. treffen, S. griffen.
  37. A. "him"
  38. "and every" omitted from the Salzburg.
  39. S. "or"
  40. A. "on"
  41. Couplet 91.
  42. S. "to his"
  43. A. "to the"
  44. "and slice" omitted from the Salzburg.
  45. "if that is what you wish" omitted from the Salzburg.
  46. sic : deinem
  47. A. "the"
  48. A. aber: "yet".
  49. "and all Windings... are all short" omitted from the Salzburg.
  50. A. anwind: "wind on".
  51. A. "him".
  52. S. "your"
  53. Korrigiert aus »Hautt«.
  54. These verses are glossed previously, as the Rostock indicates (see the next note), but with a significantly different play.
  55. Rostock ends here with the statement (written in Latin) "Previously in the chapter Vom Feler", which is odd because this is the exact point when the text ceases to bear any resemblance to the earlier version in that chapter.
  56. "in the arms with the edge" omitted from Dresden and Vienna.
  57. Disappears into the margin.
  58. S. "he then".
  59. S. "the one hilt".
  60. S. "thrusts your point up".
  61. Clause omitted from the Augsburg.
  62. Augsburg doubles the phrase "and hold your sword on your right side with the hilt in front". This is probably a scribal error.
  63. The subsequent play in Salzburg, which repeats couplet 71 and glosses it, is taken from the gloss of Sigmund ain Ringeck, and is therefore omitted here.
  64. The subsequent two plays in Salzburg are taken from the gloss of Sigmund ain Ringeck, and are therefore omitted here.
  65. Mittels Einfügezeichen korrigiert aus »siten rechten«
  66. A. "quickly there".
  67. "that fence from free long hews" omitted from the Salzburg.
  68. "do not hold" omitted from the Salzburg.
  69. "to him" omitted from the Salzburg.
  70. A. zwer: "thwart".
  71. "on his neck... on his right side" omitted from the Salzburg.
  72. S. "ere when you come up"
  73. S. "to"
  74. A. "in"
  75. Salzburg doubles "the feeling".
  76. "Feel and cannot undertake" omitted from the Salzburg. This is probably a scribal error, jumping from one instance of nicht to the next.
  77. S. "work".
  78. S. entphindest: "perceive".
  79. S. "ere when".
  80. Word doubled in the Salzburg.
  81. S. "word".
  82. S. "right or left side".
  83. S. bindest gebünde~.
  84. 84.0 84.1 Disappears into the binding.
  85. S. "after".
  86. Corrected from 'mit'.
  87. S. "wind".
  88. S. "Technique".
  89. A. "Item".
  90. Word doubled in the Augsburg.
  91. "down a little" omitted from the Salzburg.
  92. "before you" omitted from the Salzburg.
  93. S. dring.
  94. "at the sword" omitted from the Salzburg.
  95. "and thrust... the right" omitted from the Augsburg. This omission is probably a scribal error, jumping to the second instance of siner rechte~.
  96. sic : sein rechten bis repetita
  97. S. "Another wrestling".
  98. A. "him".
  99. A. "his".
  100. S. "weapon".
  101. S. "your".
  102. A. "with".
  103. S. "his".
  104. "and from each single Winding" omitted from the Salzburg.
  105. S. "be it an Over-/Under-hew".
  106. ”einwindẽ durchwindẽ“ written in another hand above the line.
  107. Illegible word from another hand written above the line.
  108. A. "noblest"
  109. Rest der Zeile verschwindet im Bund
  110. A. "him".
  111. S. "against".
  112. S. "your".
  113. S. "your".
  114. "in the techniques" omitted from the Salzburg.
  115. korrigiert aus »schnudt«
  116. Germ. And the eyes
  117. illegible deletion
  118. S corrected from D
  119. Germ. ”the sharp grip”
  120. Unleserlich. Gemeint ist die 20. Figur. Illegible. Refers to the 20th figure.
  121. Marginalie von anderer Hand. Marginal note from a different hand.
  122. German. How you use the bag strike at your opponent.
  123. Auf beiden Seiten neben dem Text, oberhalb einer Linie. On either side of the text, above a line.
  124. Marginalie. Marginal note.
  125. Marginalie neben einer Linie. Marginal note next to a line.
  126. Germ. If you have caught the opponent by the reins you can pursue his openings.
  127. Unleserliche Streichung
  128. Germ. Do not!
  129. Marginalie. Maginal note.
  130. Illegible deletion
  131. Die Wörter »so« und »Spricht« sind im Manuskript vertauscht, was durch entsprechende, oberen Anführungen gleichenden, Einfügezeichen kenntlcih gemacht wird.
  132. Marginalie. Marginal note.
  133. Über der Streichung eingefügt.
  134. Germ. The left
  135. Der Text läuft in den Bund.
  136. Marginalie. Marginal note.
  137. Germ. sword, messer, or dagger
  138. Der Text läuft oben aus der Seite heraus (beschnittenes Buchformat?).