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|  
 
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| '''<span style="color:#A40000">Here mark the Weak and the Strong of the sword:</span>'''
 
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">Here mark the Weak and the Strong of the sword:</span>'''
Undertake the Weak and the Strong thus: On the sword from the hilt to the middle of the blade is the Strong of the sword, and further above the middle to the point is the Weak, And how you shall work with the Strong of your sword after the Weak of his sword you will hereafter learn.
+
Understand the Weak and the Strong thus: On the sword from the hilt to the middle of the blade is the Strong of the sword, and further above the middle to the point is the Weak, And how you shall work with the Strong of your sword after the Weak of his sword you will hereafter learn.
 
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">Hier merck die swech vnd die sterck des swertz</span>'''
 
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">Hier merck die swech vnd die sterck des swertz</span>'''
 
Die swech vnd die sterck vernÿm also am swert von dem gehültz pis in die mitt der klingen so ist die sterck des swertz vnd fürpas vber die mitt pis an den ort ist die swech vnd wie du mit der sterck deines swertz nach der swech seins swertz arbaitten solt das wir dir hernach vorklert
 
Die swech vnd die sterck vernÿm also am swert von dem gehültz pis in die mitt der klingen so ist die sterck des swertz vnd fürpas vber die mitt pis an den ort ist die swech vnd wie du mit der sterck deines swertz nach der swech seins swertz arbaitten solt das wir dir hernach vorklert
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Without confusion for how he acts.</span>
 
Without confusion for how he acts.</span>
  
Gloss: Mark, who will be a Master of the Sword, he shall know how one shall search the Four Openings with art, if he will otherwise fence correctly and wisely. The first opening is the right side, the other the left, of the upper-half above the girdle of the man. The other two openings are the right and left side of the under-half below the girdle. Now, there are two drivings wherefrom one shall search the openings. Firstly, one shall search from the pre-fencing with Travelling-after and with shooting-in the long point. Secondly, one shall search with the Eight Windings when one has bound the other on the sword.  
+
Gloss: Mark, who will be a Master of the Sword, he shall know how one shall search the Four Openings with art, if he will otherwise fence correctly and wisely. The first opening is the right side, the other the left, of the upper-half above the girdle of the man. The other two openings are the right and left side of the lower-half below the girdle. Now, there are two drivings wherefrom one shall search the openings. Firstly, one shall search from the pre-fencing with Travelling-after and with shooting-in the long point. Secondly, one shall search with the Eight Windings when one has bound the other on the sword.  
 
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">Das ist der text vnd die glos von den vier plössen</span>'''
 
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">Das ist der text vnd die glos von den vier plössen</span>'''
 
<span style="color:#A40000">Vier plossen wisse<br/>
 
<span style="color:#A40000">Vier plossen wisse<br/>
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With steps injures many hews.</span>
 
With steps injures many hews.</span>
  
Mark, the Crooked hew is one of the Four parryings against the Four Guards and therewith breaks the guard that is called the Ox, and also the Upper-hew and the Under-hew. Drive that thus; when you come to him with the pre-fencing, if he then stands against you and holds his sword before his head in guard of the Ox on his left side, then set the left foot before and hold your sword on your right shoulder in the guard, and spring with the right foot well on your right side against him and strike in with the long edge with crossed arms over his hands.
+
Mark, the Crooked hew is one of the Four parryings against the Four Guards and therewith breaks the guard that is called the Ox, and also the Upper-hew and the Lower-hew. Drive that thus; when you come to him with the pre-fencing, if he then stands against you and holds his sword before his head in guard of the Ox on his left side, then set the left foot before and hold your sword on your right shoulder in the guard, and spring with the right foot well on your right side against him and strike in with the long edge with crossed arms over his hands.
 
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">Das ist der text vnd die glos von dem krump haw mit seinen stucken</span>'''
 
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">Das ist der text vnd die glos von dem krump haw mit seinen stucken</span>'''
 
<span style="color:#A40000">krump auf behende<br/>
 
<span style="color:#A40000">krump auf behende<br/>
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|-  
 
|-  
| Likewise do that also when he hews to you with Under-hews; then shoot the point in before he comes up with the hew from below, and drive that to both sides.
+
| Likewise do that also when he hews to you with Lower-hews; then shoot the point in before he comes up with the hew from below, and drive that to both sides.
 
| des geleichen thue auch wenn er dir mit vnderhauen zw haut So scheus im den ort ein ee wenn er mit dem haw vnden auff kumpt vnd das treib zw paiden seitten
 
| des geleichen thue auch wenn er dir mit vnderhauen zw haut So scheus im den ort ein ee wenn er mit dem haw vnden auff kumpt vnd das treib zw paiden seitten
 
|  
 
|  
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|-  
 
|-  
 
| rowspan=3 |  
 
| rowspan=3 |  
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">Here mark a good Travelling-after on the sword from Under-hewing:</span>'''
+
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">Here mark a good Travelling-after on the sword from Lower-hewing:</span>'''
Mark, when you fence against him from Under-hewing, or from the slashing, or lie against him in the guard that is called Fool, if he then falls with his sword on yours before you therewith come up, then remain thus with your sword below on his and heave upwards. If he then Winds with the point into your face or breast on the sword, then let him not off from the sword, and follow him thereafter, and work in with the point to the next opening.
+
Mark, when you fence against him from Lower-hewing, or from the slashing, or lie against him in the guard that is called Fool, if he then falls with his sword on yours before you therewith come up, then remain thus with your sword below on his and heave upwards. If he then Winds with the point into your face or breast on the sword, then let him not off from the sword, and follow him thereafter, and work in with the point to the next opening.
 
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">Hie merck ein guet nachraisen am swert aus vnder häwen</span>'''
 
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">Hie merck ein guet nachraisen am swert aus vnder häwen</span>'''
 
Merck wenn du gegen im vichtest aus vnder hawen oder aus den streichen oder ligst gegen Im In der hu°t die da '''[28v]''' haist alber Velt er dir denn mit dem swert auff das dein ee wenn du do mit auff kumpst So pleib also mit dem swert vnden an dem seinem vnd heb übersich Wint er dir denn am swert den ort ein zw° dem gesicht oder der prust So lass in vom swert nicht ab vnd volg Im dar an nach vnd arbait Im mit dem ort zu° der nagsten plöß  
 
Merck wenn du gegen im vichtest aus vnder hawen oder aus den streichen oder ligst gegen Im In der hu°t die da '''[28v]''' haist alber Velt er dir denn mit dem swert auff das dein ee wenn du do mit auff kumpst So pleib also mit dem swert vnden an dem seinem vnd heb übersich Wint er dir denn am swert den ort ein zw° dem gesicht oder der prust So lass in vom swert nicht ab vnd volg Im dar an nach vnd arbait Im mit dem ort zu° der nagsten plöß  
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Or press hard twofold.</span>
 
Or press hard twofold.</span>
  
Gloss: Mark that is when you come to him with the pre-fencing, if he then hews below to your lower opening, do not parry that, but hew in above strongly to his head. Or if he hews to you with Under-hewing, then mark before he comes up with the Under-hew, and shoot the long point above into the face or the breast, and Set-on him above so he may not reach you below, since all upper  Setting-on breaks and defeats the lower. If he then drives up and binds below on your sword, then remain with the long edge strongly on his sword, and work nimbly to the next opening, or let him work and come Meanwhile so that you hit him.
+
Gloss: Mark that is when you come to him with the pre-fencing, if he then hews below to your lower opening, do not parry that, but hew in above strongly to his head. Or if he hews to you with Lower-hewing, then mark before he comes up with the Lower-hew, and shoot the long point above into the face or the breast, and Set-on him above so he may not reach you below, since all upper  Setting-on breaks and defeats the lower. If he then drives up and binds below on your sword, then remain with the long edge strongly on his sword, and work nimbly to the next opening, or let him work and come Meanwhile so that you hit him.
 
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">Hie merck den text vnd die glos von den vberlauffen</span>'''
 
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">Hie merck den text vnd die glos von den vberlauffen</span>'''
 
'''[30r]''' <span style="color:#A40000">Wer vnden rempt<br/>
 
'''[30r]''' <span style="color:#A40000">Wer vnden rempt<br/>
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From below in both drivings.</span>
 
From below in both drivings.</span>
  
Gloss: Mark, that is what you shall drive when one binds on your sword strongly above, or thereon falls, and that undertake thus: When you fence-to with the Under-hewing or with the slashing, or lie against him in the guard Fool, if he then falls with his sword on yours before you therewith come up, then remain below on his sword and heave upwards with the short edge fast. If he then presses your sword downwards fast, then slash off from his sword with your sword behind yourself from below on his blade, and hew in to the other side on his sword’s blade quickly again above into his mouth.
+
Gloss: Mark, that is what you shall drive when one binds on your sword strongly above, or thereon falls, and that undertake thus: When you fence-to with the Lower-hewing or with the slashing, or lie against him in the guard Fool, if he then falls with his sword on yours before you therewith come up, then remain below on his sword and heave upwards with the short edge fast. If he then presses your sword downwards fast, then slash off from his sword with your sword behind yourself from below on his blade, and hew in to the other side on his sword’s blade quickly again above into his mouth.
 
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">Hie merck den text vnd die glos von abschneÿden</span>'''
 
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">Hie merck den text vnd die glos von abschneÿden</span>'''
 
<span style="color:#A40000">Schneid ab die herten<br/>
 
<span style="color:#A40000">Schneid ab die herten<br/>
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|  
 
|  
 
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">Yet another:</span>'''
 
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">Yet another:</span>'''
When you fence-to him with Under-hewing, or lie in the guard Fool, if he then falls with the sword on yours nearby the hilt before you therewith come up, so that his point goes out to your right side, then drive up nimbly with the pommel over his sword and strike with the long edge to his head. Or if he binds on your sword so that his point goes out to your left side, then drive with the pommel over his sword and strike in with the short edge to his head. That is called the Snapping.
+
When you fence-to him with Lower-hewing, or lie in the guard Fool, if he then falls with the sword on yours nearby the hilt before you therewith come up, so that his point goes out to your right side, then drive up nimbly with the pommel over his sword and strike with the long edge to his head. Or if he binds on your sword so that his point goes out to your left side, then drive with the pommel over his sword and strike in with the short edge to his head. That is called the Snapping.
 
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">Aber ein anders</span>'''
 
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">Aber ein anders</span>'''
 
Wenn du zw° vichtest mit vnder häwen oder ligst in der hu°t alber Velt er denn mit dem swert auff das dein nahent pey dem gehültz ee wenn du do mit auff chumpst das sein ort zw° deiner rechten seitten auß rechten seyten aus get So var behendlich auff mit dem knopff vber sein swert vn ... langen schneid zw° dem kopf Oder pint er dir auff das swert das sein o... deiner lincken seitten So var mit dem knopf vber sein swert vnd slach In mit der kurtzen schneid zw° dem haupt das haist das schnappen <span style="color:#A40000">~</span>
 
Wenn du zw° vichtest mit vnder häwen oder ligst in der hu°t alber Velt er denn mit dem swert auff das dein nahent pey dem gehültz ee wenn du do mit auff chumpst das sein ort zw° deiner rechten seitten auß rechten seyten aus get So var behendlich auff mit dem knopff vber sein swert vn ... langen schneid zw° dem kopf Oder pint er dir auff das swert das sein o... deiner lincken seitten So var mit dem knopf vber sein swert vnd slach In mit der kurtzen schneid zw° dem haupt das haist das schnappen <span style="color:#A40000">~</span>
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| rowspan=2 |  
 
| rowspan=2 |  
 
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">Mark…</span>'''
 
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">Mark…</span>'''
That the two Under-slices pertain to driving against the fencers that like to run in with outstretched arms, that drive thus: when he binds on your sword and drives high up with the arms and runs into you on your left side, then invert your sword so that your thumb comes below, and fall in with the long edge under the pommel in his arm and press upward with the slice.
+
That the two Lower-slices pertain to driving against the fencers that like to run in with outstretched arms, that drive thus: when he binds on your sword and drives high up with the arms and runs into you on your left side, then invert your sword so that your thumb comes below, and fall in with the long edge under the pommel in his arm and press upward with the slice.
 
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">Merck</span>'''  
 
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">Merck</span>'''  
 
Das die zwen vnderñ schnit gehörent zw° treiben gegen den vechterñ die do geren ein lauffen mit aus geräckten armen die treib also wenn er dir an dein swert pint vnd vert hoch auff mit den armen vnd laufft dir ein zw° deiner lincken seitten So verwent dein swert das dein daum vnden küm vnd val im mit der langen schneid vnder dem knopf in sein arm~ vnd druck mit dem schnit vbersich
 
Das die zwen vnderñ schnit gehörent zw° treiben gegen den vechterñ die do geren ein lauffen mit aus geräckten armen die treib also wenn er dir an dein swert pint vnd vert hoch auff mit den armen vnd laufft dir ein zw° deiner lincken seitten So verwent dein swert das dein daum vnden küm vnd val im mit der langen schneid vnder dem knopf in sein arm~ vnd druck mit dem schnit vbersich
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To the flat press the hands.</span>
 
To the flat press the hands.</span>
  
Gloss: Mark, that is how you shall drive the two Upper-slices from the two Under-slices. That undertake thus: When he runs into you on your left side with up-stretched arms, then invert your sword and fall with the long edge under his pommel in the arm and press fast upwards and step therewith on his right side, and Wind the pommel below through, and come not with the sword from his arms, and turn the sword from the Under-slice into the Upper-slice with the long edge over his arms.
+
Gloss: Mark, that is how you shall drive the two Upper-slices from the two Lower-slices. That undertake thus: When he runs into you on your left side with up-stretched arms, then invert your sword and fall with the long edge under his pommel in the arm and press fast upwards and step therewith on his right side, and Wind the pommel below through, and come not with the sword from his arms, and turn the sword from the Lower-slice into the Upper-slice with the long edge over his arms.
 
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">Hie merck den text vnd die glos von der verwandlu~g der schnit</span>'''
 
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">Hie merck den text vnd die glos von der verwandlu~g der schnit</span>'''
 
<span style="color:#A40000">Dein schnidt wende<br/>
 
<span style="color:#A40000">Dein schnidt wende<br/>
Line 6,199: Line 6,199:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| If he runs in and is high with the arms, then drive the Under-slice or Run though him with wrestling.
+
| If he runs in and is high with the arms, then drive the Lower-slice or Run though him with wrestling.
 
| lauft er ein vnd ist hoch mit den armen so treib den vnderñ schnit oder lauff ÿm durch mit ringen
 
| lauft er ein vnd ist hoch mit den armen so treib den vnderñ schnit oder lauff ÿm durch mit ringen
 
| Oder lewfft er ein vnd ist hoch mit den armen So treib den unttern schnid
 
| Oder lewfft er ein vnd ist hoch mit den armen So treib den unttern schnid

Revision as of 18:36, 18 February 2014

Gloss and Interpretation of
the Record of the Long Sword
die gloss und die auslegung der zettel des langen schwert
Author(s) Unknown
Ascribed to Pseudo-Peter von Danzig
Illustrated by Unknown
Date before 1452
Genre
Language Early New High German
Archetype(s) Hypothetical
Manuscript(s)
First Printed
English Edition
Tobler, 2010
Concordance by Michael Chidester
Translations

"Pseudo-Peter von Danzig" is the name given to an anonymous late 14th or early 15th century German fencing master.[1] Some time before the creation of the Codex 44.A.8 in 1452, he authored a gloss of Johannes Liechtenauer's record which would go on to become the most widespread in the tradition. While his identity remains unknown, it is possible that he was in fact Jud Lew or Sigmund Schining ein Ringeck, both of whose glosses show strong similarities to the work. On the other hand, the introduction to the Rome version of the text—the oldest currently extant—might be construed as attributing it to Liechtenauer himself.

Early on in its history, this text seems to have split into two primary branches. The first branch, found in the Rome (1452), Krakow (1510-20), and Augsburg (1564) versions, has slightly longer descriptions and is always accompanied by illustrations. The second branch, appearing first in the Augsburg (1450s) and used in all extant versions except the three listed above, has shorter descriptions but a number of additional devices (some of which seem to be drawn directly from Ringeck's gloss).

Treatise

In order to achieve a greater degree of organization and readability, Liechtenauer's verse has been separated into its proper couplets in this presentation. The verse is laid out this way in the Salzburg version, but in most of the other manuscripts it is included inline.

Additional Resources

References

  1. This name stems from the false assumption of many 20th century writers identifying him with Peter von Danzig zum Ingolstadt.