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{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
 
| <p><small>11</small><br/><br/><small>12</small><br/><br/><small>13</small><br/><br/><small>14</small><br/><br/></p>
 
| <p><small>11</small><br/><br/><small>12</small><br/><br/><small>13</small><br/><br/><small>14</small><br/><br/></p>
| <p>Whoever goes after cuts,
+
| <p>Whoever goes after cuts,<br/>&emsp;They permit their art little joy<br/>Hew nearing whatever you wish<br/>&emsp;No change comes in your shield<br/>To the head, to the body<br/>&emsp;Do not omit the harassing-strikes<ref>D. ''Zeck'': Tick. R. ''Zeckruhr'': Insect bites</ref><br/>With the entire body fence<br/>&emsp;Whatever you desire to execute strongly<ref>Possibly: `strongly desire to execute`</ref></p>
They permit their art little joy
 
Hew nearing whatever you wish
 
No change comes in your shield
 
To the head, to the body
 
Do not omit the harassing-strikes<ref>D. ''Zeck'': Tick. R. ''Zeckruhr'': Insect bites</ref>
 
With the entire body fence
 
Whatever you desire to execute strongly<ref>Possibly: `strongly desire to execute`</ref></p>
 
 
|}
 
|}
 
<p>{{red|Glosa}} When you come against him in Zufechten you shall not await his attack, and neither shall you wait to see what he is thinking about doing to you. All fencers who are hesitant and wait for the incoming attack, and do nothing other than to ward it away, they gain very little joy from this sort of practice because they are often beaten.</p>
 
<p>{{red|Glosa}} When you come against him in Zufechten you shall not await his attack, and neither shall you wait to see what he is thinking about doing to you. All fencers who are hesitant and wait for the incoming attack, and do nothing other than to ward it away, they gain very little joy from this sort of practice because they are often beaten.</p>
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| <p>[5] {{red|b=1|Another lesson.}}</p>
 
| <p>[5] {{red|b=1|Another lesson.}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <poem><small>15</small>
+
| <p><small>15</small><br/><br/><small>16</small><br/><br/></p>
 
+
| <p>Hear what is bad,<br/>&emsp;do not fence from the left if you are right-handed,<br/>and if you are left-handed,<br/>&emsp;you are weak from the right.</p>
<small>16</small>
 
&nbsp;</poem>
 
| <poem>Hear what is bad,
 
:do not fence from the left if you are right-handed,
 
and if you are left-handed,
 
:you are weak from the right.</poem>
 
 
|}
 
|}
 
<p>{{red|Glosa}} This lesson applies to two types of people: those who are left-handed and those who are right-handed. When you come against him in Zufechten, if you are right-handed and want to strike him, you must not throw your first cut from your left side. That is because this is weak and cannot bring strength to bear if he binds the strong of his blade against you. Therefore, cut from your right side, so you can be strong and skillful in the bind and can do as you will. Similarly, if you are left handed, do not cut from the right, because the art is pointless when a left-hander tries to fence from the right side. Likewise this statement applies to a right-hander fencing from the left side.</p>
 
<p>{{red|Glosa}} This lesson applies to two types of people: those who are left-handed and those who are right-handed. When you come against him in Zufechten, if you are right-handed and want to strike him, you must not throw your first cut from your left side. That is because this is weak and cannot bring strength to bear if he binds the strong of his blade against you. Therefore, cut from your right side, so you can be strong and skillful in the bind and can do as you will. Similarly, if you are left handed, do not cut from the right, because the art is pointless when a left-hander tries to fence from the right side. Likewise this statement applies to a right-hander fencing from the left side.</p>
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| <p>[6] {{red|b=1|A lesson about "Before" and "After".}}</p>
 
| <p>[6] {{red|b=1|A lesson about "Before" and "After".}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <poem><small>17</small>
+
| <p><small>17</small><br/><br/><small>18</small><br/><br/><small>19</small><br/><br/><small>20</small><br/><br/></p>
 
+
| <p>"Before" and "After", these two things,<br/>&emsp;all other skills spring from these.<br/>"Weak" and "Strong",<br/>&emsp;"Instantly", mark well these words.<br/>So you can learn<br/>&emsp;to work skillfully and defend yourself.<br/>If you become gentle and timid,<br/>&emsp;you will never learn anything about fencing.</p>
<small>18</small>
 
 
 
<small>19</small>
 
 
 
<small>20</small>
 
&nbsp;</poem>
 
| <poem>"Before" and "After", these two things,
 
:all other skills spring from these.
 
"Weak" and "Strong",
 
:"Instantly", mark well these words.
 
So you can learn
 
:to work skillfully and defend yourself.
 
If you become gentle and timid,
 
:you will never learn anything about fencing.</poem>
 
 
|}
 
|}
 
<p>{{red|Glosa}} Mark well that more than anything else you must understand "Before" and "After", because these two concepts are the grounding from which all fencing comes.</p>
 
<p>{{red|Glosa}} Mark well that more than anything else you must understand "Before" and "After", because these two concepts are the grounding from which all fencing comes.</p>
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| <p>[10] {{red|b=1|The Five cuts.}}</p>
 
| <p>[10] {{red|b=1|The Five cuts.}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <poem><small>21</small>
+
| <p><small>21</small><br/><br/><small>22</small><br/><br/></p>
 
+
| <p>Learn five cuts from the right hand.<br/>&emsp;He who can defend himself with these,<br/>he should be praised,<br/>&emsp;his skill rewards him well.</p>
<small>22</small>
 
&nbsp;</poem>
 
| <poem>Learn five cuts from the right hand.
 
:He who can defend himself with these,
 
he should be praised,
 
:his skill rewards him well.</poem>
 
 
|}
 
|}
 
<p>{{red|Glosa}} Mark well, the teaching verses present five secret cuts, which many swordmasters do not know to speak about. You will learn not to strike any other cuts when you come from the right side against one who stands against you in defence. And try if you can to hit an opponent with the first strike using one of these five cuts. The one who can counter with these against an opponent without being hurt will be praised by the master of the markverses, and his skill shall reward him more than another fencer who cannot fence with the five cuts. And how you shall throw the five cuts you will find hereafter recorded in the verses that talk about these same five cuts.</p>
 
<p>{{red|Glosa}} Mark well, the teaching verses present five secret cuts, which many swordmasters do not know to speak about. You will learn not to strike any other cuts when you come from the right side against one who stands against you in defence. And try if you can to hit an opponent with the first strike using one of these five cuts. The one who can counter with these against an opponent without being hurt will be praised by the master of the markverses, and his skill shall reward him more than another fencer who cannot fence with the five cuts. And how you shall throw the five cuts you will find hereafter recorded in the verses that talk about these same five cuts.</p>
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| <p>[11] {{red|b=1|The techniques of the markverses.}}</p>
 
| <p>[11] {{red|b=1|The techniques of the markverses.}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <poem><small>23</small>
+
| <p><small>23</small><br/><br/><small>24</small><br/><br/><small>25</small><br/><br/><small>26</small><br/><br/></p>
 
+
| <p>Wrath strike, crooked strike, crosswise, <br/>&emsp;squinting, with Parting <br/>breaking the Fool, <br/>&emsp;follow after, go over, <br/>cut, change through, twitch,<br/>&emsp;rush in, slice, press the hands,<br/>hanging guard, and with openings,<br/>&emsp;strike, catch, sweep and thrust with the point.</p>
<small>24</small>
 
 
 
<small>25</small>
 
 
 
<small>26</small>
 
&nbsp;</poem>
 
| <poem>Wrath strike, crooked strike, crosswise,  
 
:squinting, with Parting  
 
breaking the Fool,  
 
:follow after, go over,  
 
cut, change through, twitch,
 
:rush in, slice, press the hands,
 
hanging guard, and with openings,
 
:strike, catch, sweep and thrust with the point.</poem>
 
 
|}
 
|}
 
<p>{{red|Glosa}} Here are listed the correct and most important techniques in fighting with the longsword, they are named specifically so that you may understand them better. They are seventeen in number and begin with the five cuts. </p>
 
<p>{{red|Glosa}} Here are listed the correct and most important techniques in fighting with the longsword, they are named specifically so that you may understand them better. They are seventeen in number and begin with the five cuts. </p>
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <poem>The first cut is called the wrath strike,
+
| <p>The first cut is called the wrath strike,<br/>the second is the crooked strike,<br/>the third is the crosswise strike,<br/>the fourth is the squinting strike,<br/>the fifth is the parting strike,<br/>the sixth: these are the four guards,<br/>the seventh is the four displacements,<br/>the eighth is travelling after,<br/>the ninth is the over reaching,<br/>the tenth is the setting aside,<br/>the eleventh is changing through,<br/>the twelfth is the twitching,<br/>the thirteenth is the running through,<br/>the fourteenth is the cutting],<br/>the fifteenth is the hand pressing,<br/>the sixteenth is the hanging,<br/>the seventeenth: this is the windings.</p>
the second is the crooked strike,
 
the third is the crosswise strike,
 
the fourth is the squinting strike,
 
the fifth is the parting strike,
 
the sixth: these are the four guards,
 
the seventh is the four displacements,
 
the eighth is travelling after,
 
the ninth is the over reaching,
 
the tenth is the setting aside,
 
the eleventh is changing through,
 
the twelfth is the twitching,
 
the thirteenth is the running through,
 
the fourteenth is the cutting],
 
the fifteenth is the hand pressing,
 
the sixteenth is the hanging,
 
the seventeenth: this is the windings.</poem>
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 018r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 018v.png|1|lbl=18v|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 018r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 018v.png|1|lbl=18v|p=1}}
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| <p>[12] {{red|b=1|Do the Zornhau with these techniques.}}</p>
 
| <p>[12] {{red|b=1|Do the Zornhau with these techniques.}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <poem><small>27</small>
+
| <p><small>27</small><br/><br/></p>
&nbsp;</poem>
+
| <p>That which cuts from above,<br/>the Zornhau threatens him with the point.</p>
| <poem>That which cuts from above,
 
:the Zornhau threatens him with the point.</poem>
 
 
|}
 
|}
 
<p>{{red|Glosa}} When someone cuts against you from above from their right side, so cut with a strong Zornhau (wrath strike) with the long edge from your right shoulder. If he is weak in the bind, thrust in with the point along his blade to his face, and threaten to stab him.</p>
 
<p>{{red|Glosa}} When someone cuts against you from above from their right side, so cut with a strong Zornhau (wrath strike) with the long edge from your right shoulder. If he is weak in the bind, thrust in with the point along his blade to his face, and threaten to stab him.</p>
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| <p>[13] {{red|b=1|Another technique from the Zornhau.}}</p>
 
| <p>[13] {{red|b=1|Another technique from the Zornhau.}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <poem><small>28</small>
+
| <p><small>28</small><br/><br/></p>
&nbsp;</poem>
+
| <p>If he recognises this,<br/>so lift off above without danger.</p>
| <poem>If he recognises this,
 
:so lift off above without danger.</poem>
 
 
|}
 
|}
 
<p>{{red|Glosa}} When you thrust after a Zornhau and he becomes aware of the point and strongly defends against the thrust, twitch your sword up, over and away from his sword and cut him on the other side of his sword up into his head.</p>
 
<p>{{red|Glosa}} When you thrust after a Zornhau and he becomes aware of the point and strongly defends against the thrust, twitch your sword up, over and away from his sword and cut him on the other side of his sword up into his head.</p>
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| <p>[14] {{red|b=1|Another technique from the Zornhau.}}</p>
 
| <p>[14] {{red|b=1|Another technique from the Zornhau.}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <poem><small>29</small>
+
| <p><small>29</small><br/><br/></p>
&nbsp;</poem>
+
| <p>Become stronger against<br/>:and thrust! If he marks this, take it below.</p>
| <poem>Become stronger against
 
:and thrust! If he marks this, take it below.</poem>
 
 
|}
 
|}
 
<p>{{red|Glosa}} When you cut in against him with a Zornhau and he defends himself and holds backs, strong against you in the bind, so become strong again against him in the bind and push up with the "strong" of the sword against the "weak" of his sword, and wind your hilt high in front of your head, and thrust down from above into his face.</p>
 
<p>{{red|Glosa}} When you cut in against him with a Zornhau and he defends himself and holds backs, strong against you in the bind, so become strong again against him in the bind and push up with the "strong" of the sword against the "weak" of his sword, and wind your hilt high in front of your head, and thrust down from above into his face.</p>
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| <p>[17] {{red|b=1|A good lesson.}}</p>
 
| <p>[17] {{red|b=1|A good lesson.}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <poem><small>30</small>
+
| <p><small>30</small><br/><br/><small>31</small><br/><br/><small>32</small><br/><br/></p>
 
+
| <p>Note to train this:<br/>cut, thrusts, guards--soft and hard.<br/>"Instant" and "Before", "After" without hurry.<br/>Do not seek close combat prematurely.<br/>Those who aim for close combat<br/>before they are ready, are cut down.</p>
<small>31</small>
 
 
 
<small>32</small>
 
&nbsp;</poem>
 
| <poem>Note to train this:
 
:cut, thrusts, guards--soft and hard.
 
"Instant" and "Before", "After" without hurry.
 
:Do not seek close combat prematurely.
 
Those who aim for close combat
 
:before they are ready, are cut down.</poem>
 
 
|}
 
|}
 
<p>{{red|Glosa}} When one binds against your sword with a cut or thrust or anything else, you must find out whether he is soft or hard in the bind. And when you find this, you will "Instantly" know what is best to do, to attack him with "Before" or "After". But in the attack you shall not be too hasty to go into close combat, because close combat is nothing other than the windings in the bind.</p>
 
<p>{{red|Glosa}} When one binds against your sword with a cut or thrust or anything else, you must find out whether he is soft or hard in the bind. And when you find this, you will "Instantly" know what is best to do, to attack him with "Before" or "After". But in the attack you shall not be too hasty to go into close combat, because close combat is nothing other than the windings in the bind.</p>
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| <p>[18] {{red|b=1|How one in all windings shall find correct cuts and thrusts.}}</p>
 
| <p>[18] {{red|b=1|How one in all windings shall find correct cuts and thrusts.}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <poem><small>33</small>
+
| <p><small>33</small><br/><br/><small>34</small><br/><br/><small>35</small><br/><br/></p>
 
+
| <p>In all windings<br/>learn correctly to find the cut and the thrust.<br/>You shall also test<br/>with cut, thrust or slice,<br/>in all fights<br/>if you want to beat the masters.</p>
<small>34</small>
 
 
 
<small>35</small>
 
&nbsp;</poem>
 
| <poem>In all windings
 
:learn correctly to find the cut and the thrust.
 
You shall also test
 
:with cut, thrust or slice,
 
in all fights
 
:if you want to beat the masters.</poem>
 
 
|}
 
|}
 
<p>{{red|Glosa}} That is to say that you should in all windings find the correct cut, thrust or slice in this manner: when you wind, you shall become immediately aware of which the three will work best for you to use. This is so that you do not cut when you should thrust, and that you do not slice when you should cut, and so that you do not thrust when you should slice. And mark: when your opponent defends against the one, you should strike with the other. Also: if one defends against your thrust then use the cut. If he rushes in towards you, use the lower slice against his arm. Remember this in all fights and binds with the sword, if you want to defeat the masters who set themselves against you.</p>
 
<p>{{red|Glosa}} That is to say that you should in all windings find the correct cut, thrust or slice in this manner: when you wind, you shall become immediately aware of which the three will work best for you to use. This is so that you do not cut when you should thrust, and that you do not slice when you should cut, and so that you do not thrust when you should slice. And mark: when your opponent defends against the one, you should strike with the other. Also: if one defends against your thrust then use the cut. If he rushes in towards you, use the lower slice against his arm. Remember this in all fights and binds with the sword, if you want to defeat the masters who set themselves against you.</p>
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| <p>[22] {{red|b=1|The four openings.}}</p>
 
| <p>[22] {{red|b=1|The four openings.}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <poem><small>36</small>
+
| <p><small>36</small><br/><br/><small>37</small><br/><br/></p>
 
+
| <p>Learn four openings,<br/>aim to strike these with safety,<br/>without any risk,<br/>without doubt about what he can do.</p>
<small>37</small>
 
&nbsp;</poem>
 
| <poem>Learn four openings,
 
:aim to strike these with safety,
 
without any risk,
 
:without doubt about what he can do.</poem>
 
 
|}
 
|}
 
<p>{{red|Glosa}} Here you will learn about people's four openings, against which you will always fence. The first opening is on the right sight, the second on the left side, above the man's belt. The other two are likewise on the right and left sides under the belt. Always pay attention to the openings in Zufechten. His openings you shall skillfully seek without danger: with thrusts with the the outstretched point, with travelling after and with all other techniques. And do not pay heed to what he tries to do with his techniques against you, but fence with belief and throw strikes that are excellent and that do not allow him to come at you with his own techniques.</p>
 
<p>{{red|Glosa}} Here you will learn about people's four openings, against which you will always fence. The first opening is on the right sight, the second on the left side, above the man's belt. The other two are likewise on the right and left sides under the belt. Always pay attention to the openings in Zufechten. His openings you shall skillfully seek without danger: with thrusts with the the outstretched point, with travelling after and with all other techniques. And do not pay heed to what he tries to do with his techniques against you, but fence with belief and throw strikes that are excellent and that do not allow him to come at you with his own techniques.</p>
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| <p>[23] {{red|b=1|Explanation of doubling and mutating: how these break the four openings.}}</p>
 
| <p>[23] {{red|b=1|Explanation of doubling and mutating: how these break the four openings.}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <poem><small>38</small>
+
| <p><small>38</small><br/><br/><small>39</small><br/><br/><small>40</small><br/><br/><small>41</small><br/><br/></p>
 
+
| <p>If you would like to find revenge,<br/>skillfully break up the four openings:<br/>double over,<br/>mutate below correctly.<br/>Certainly I say this:<br/>no master defends himself without risk.<br/>If you have understood this,<br/>he can hardly come to blows.</p>
<small>39</small>
 
 
 
<small>40</small>
 
 
 
<small>41</small>
 
&nbsp;</poem>
 
| <poem>If you would like to find revenge,
 
:skillfully break up the four openings:
 
double over,
 
:mutate below correctly.
 
Certainly I say this:
 
:no master defends himself without risk.
 
If you have understood this,
 
:he can hardly come to blows.</poem>
 
 
|}
 
|}
 
<p>{{red|Glosa}} When you would like to skillfully break up the four openings for him, use the doubling against the upper openings and the mutating against the other openings. Certainly I say to you that he cannot defend himself against this, and can succeed with neither cut nor thrust.</p>
 
<p>{{red|Glosa}} When you would like to skillfully break up the four openings for him, use the doubling against the upper openings and the mutating against the other openings. Certainly I say to you that he cannot defend himself against this, and can succeed with neither cut nor thrust.</p>
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| <p>[26] {{red|b=1|Do the Krumphau (crooked strike) with these techniques.}}</p>
 
| <p>[26] {{red|b=1|Do the Krumphau (crooked strike) with these techniques.}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <poem><small>42</small>
+
| <p><small>42</small><br/><br/></p>
&nbsp;</poem>
+
| <p>Strike the Krumphau deftly,<br/>cast the point towards the hands.</p>
| <poem>Strike the Krumphau deftly,
 
:cast the point towards the hands.</poem>
 
 
|}
 
|}
 
<p>{{red|Glosa}} This is how you shall strike the Krumphau against the hands. When he cuts from his right side against an opening with an Oberhau or Underhau, take a spring away from the strike with your right foot, far out to his left side; and cut with crossed arms with the point to the hands. And even try this technique against him when he stands against you in the Ox guard.</p>
 
<p>{{red|Glosa}} This is how you shall strike the Krumphau against the hands. When he cuts from his right side against an opening with an Oberhau or Underhau, take a spring away from the strike with your right foot, far out to his left side; and cut with crossed arms with the point to the hands. And even try this technique against him when he stands against you in the Ox guard.</p>
Line 518: Line 407:
 
| <p>[27] {{red|b=1|Another technique from the Krumphau.}}</p>
 
| <p>[27] {{red|b=1|Another technique from the Krumphau.}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <poem><small>43</small>
+
| <p><small>43</small><br/><br/></p>
&nbsp;</poem>
+
| <p>He who uses the Krumphau well<br/>with a step, he is able to defend against cuts.</p>
| <poem>He who uses the Krumphau well
 
:with a step, he is able to defend against cuts.</poem>
 
 
|}
 
|}
 
<p>{{red|Glosa}} This is how you shall set aside all Oberhau attacks with the Krumphau. When he cuts in from above against your openings from his right side, step with your right foot out to his left side and throw your blade across his sword with the point to the ground in the Barrier guard. Test this on both sides. And from this setting aside you can cut him in the head.</p>
 
<p>{{red|Glosa}} This is how you shall set aside all Oberhau attacks with the Krumphau. When he cuts in from above against your openings from his right side, step with your right foot out to his left side and throw your blade across his sword with the point to the ground in the Barrier guard. Test this on both sides. And from this setting aside you can cut him in the head.</p>
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| <p>[28] {{red|b=1|Another technique from the Krumphau.}}</p>
 
| <p>[28] {{red|b=1|Another technique from the Krumphau.}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <poem><small>44</small>
+
| <p><small>44</small><br/><br/></p>
&nbsp;</poem>
+
| <p>Cut crookedly against the flat side<br/>of the masters, if you want to weaken them.</p>
| <poem>Cut crookedly against the flat side
 
:of the masters, if you want to weaken them.</poem>
 
 
|}
 
|}
 
<p>{{red|Glosa}} When you want to weak a master, use this technique: when he cuts in against you from above from his right side, strike crookedly with crossed hands against his cut above the sword.</p>
 
<p>{{red|Glosa}} When you want to weak a master, use this technique: when he cuts in against you from above from his right side, strike crookedly with crossed hands against his cut above the sword.</p>
Line 547: Line 432:
 
| <p>[29] {{red|b=1|Another technique from the Krumphau.}}</p>
 
| <p>[29] {{red|b=1|Another technique from the Krumphau.}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <poem><small>45</small>
+
| <p><small>45</small><br/><br/></p>
&nbsp;</poem>
+
| <p>When it comes from above<br/>stand back, this I shall praise.</p>
| <poem>When it comes from above
 
:stand back, this I shall praise.</poem>
 
 
|}
 
|}
 
<p>{{red|Glosa}} When you cut a Krumphau onto his sword, so cut immediately back up from the sword with the short edge, in and down from above onto his head. Or wind the Krumphau with the short edge against his sword and thrust into his breast.</p>
 
<p>{{red|Glosa}} When you cut a Krumphau onto his sword, so cut immediately back up from the sword with the short edge, in and down from above onto his head. Or wind the Krumphau with the short edge against his sword and thrust into his breast.</p>
Line 562: Line 445:
 
| <p>[30] {{red|b=1|Another technique from the Krumphau.}}</p>
 
| <p>[30] {{red|b=1|Another technique from the Krumphau.}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <poem><small>46</small>
+
| <p><small>46</small><br/><br/></p>
&nbsp;</poem>
+
| <p>Do not Krump, cut short,<br/>then see changing-through.</p>
| <poem>Do not Krump, cut short,
 
:then see changing-through.</poem>
 
 
|}
 
|}
 
<p>{{red|Glosa}} When he wants to cut in from his right shoulder, pretend that you want to bind against his sword with a Krumphau. Cut short; and go through with the point under his sword and wind your hilt to your right side over your head, and stab him in the face.</p>
 
<p>{{red|Glosa}} When he wants to cut in from his right shoulder, pretend that you want to bind against his sword with a Krumphau. Cut short; and go through with the point under his sword and wind your hilt to your right side over your head, and stab him in the face.</p>
Line 572: Line 453:
 
| <p>&ensp;</p>
 
| <p>&ensp;</p>
  
<p>&ensp;<br/>&ensp;</p>
+
<p><br/><br/></p>
  
 
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 010r.png|1|lbl=10r}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 010r.png|1|lbl=10r}}
Line 580: Line 461:
 
| <p>[31] {{red|b=1|How one should counter the Krumphau.}}</p>
 
| <p>[31] {{red|b=1|How one should counter the Krumphau.}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <poem><small>47</small>
+
| <p><small>47</small><br/><br/><small>48</small><br/><br/></p>
 
+
| <p>Krumps that foil you;<br/>the Noble War confuses him,<br/>so that he truthfully<br/>does not know where he shall be without danger.</p>
<small>48</small>
 
&nbsp;</poem>
 
| <poem>Krumps that foil you;
 
:the Noble War confuses him,
 
so that he truthfully
 
:does not know where he shall be without danger.</poem>
 
 
|}
 
|}
 
<p>{{red|Glosa}} When you cut against him from above or from below, from your right side; if he also cuts crookedly from him right side with crossed arms to your sword and thus foils your strike, so bind strongly with your sword. And shoot your point against his breast under the long edge of his sword.</p>
 
<p>{{red|Glosa}} When you cut against him from above or from below, from your right side; if he also cuts crookedly from him right side with crossed arms to your sword and thus foils your strike, so bind strongly with your sword. And shoot your point against his breast under the long edge of his sword.</p>
Line 616: Line 491:
 
|  
 
|  
 
| <p>[33] {{red|b=1|Do the Zwerchau (crosswise strike) with these techniques.}}</p>
 
| <p>[33] {{red|b=1|Do the Zwerchau (crosswise strike) with these techniques.}}</p>
 
+
{| class="zettel"
<p>The Zwerchau takes away<br/>that which comes from above.</p>
+
| <p><small>49</small><br/><br/></p>
 
+
| <p>The Zwerchau takes away<br/>that which comes from above.</p>
 +
|}
 
<p>{{red|Glosa}} The Zwerchau counters all strikes that cut down from above. When he cuts in from above against your head, spring with the right foot against him away from the cut, out to his left side. And as you spring turn your sword—with the hilt high in front of your head, so that your thumb comes under—and cut him with the short edge against his left side. So you catch his strike with your hilt and strike him in the head.</p>
 
<p>{{red|Glosa}} The Zwerchau counters all strikes that cut down from above. When he cuts in from above against your head, spring with the right foot against him away from the cut, out to his left side. And as you spring turn your sword—with the hilt high in front of your head, so that your thumb comes under—and cut him with the short edge against his left side. So you catch his strike with your hilt and strike him in the head.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
Line 629: Line 505:
 
|  
 
|  
 
| <p>[34] {{red|b=1|A technique from the Zwerchau.}}</p>
 
| <p>[34] {{red|b=1|A technique from the Zwerchau.}}</p>
 
+
{| class="zettel"
<p>Zwerch with the "strong";<br/>mark well your work with this.</p>
+
| <p><small>50</small><br/><br/></p>
 
+
| <p>Zwerch with the "strong";<br/>mark well your work with this.</p>
 +
|}
 
<p>{{red|Glosa}} This is how you shall work with the "strong" from the Zwerchau. When you cut against him with the Zwerchau, think that you shall strike powerfully with the sword's "strong" against his. Hold him thus strongly in the bind then cut with crossed arms behind his sword blade, from above against the head, or cut him with the sword to the face.</p>
 
<p>{{red|Glosa}} This is how you shall work with the "strong" from the Zwerchau. When you cut against him with the Zwerchau, think that you shall strike powerfully with the sword's "strong" against his. Hold him thus strongly in the bind then cut with crossed arms behind his sword blade, from above against the head, or cut him with the sword to the face.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
Line 682: Line 559:
  
 
<p>Mark if you bind at his sword from your right side and he strikes out of the binding across to the other opening of your right side, so stay with your hilt-guard over your head and reverse your sword's blade downwards at his strike, and thrust at his lower opening, as painted here next.</p>
 
<p>Mark if you bind at his sword from your right side and he strikes out of the binding across to the other opening of your right side, so stay with your hilt-guard over your head and reverse your sword's blade downwards at his strike, and thrust at his lower opening, as painted here next.</p>
 
<p>(Translated from the Glasgow version by [[Hans Talhoffer (Blogger)|Anonymous]])</p>
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{paget|Page:MS E.1939.65.341|001v|jpg|lbl=01v}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS E.1939.65.341|001v|jpg|lbl=01v}}
Line 691: Line 566:
 
| [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 002r.jpg|200px|center]]
 
| [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 002r.jpg|200px|center]]
 
| <p>[40] {{red|b=1|How one shall strike against the four openings with the Zwerchau.}}</p>
 
| <p>[40] {{red|b=1|How one shall strike against the four openings with the Zwerchau.}}</p>
 
+
{| class="zettel"
<p>Zwerch against the plough,<br/>and strike powerfully against the ox.</p>
+
| <p><small>51</small><br/><br/></p>
 
+
| <p>Zwerch against the plough,<br/>and strike powerfully against the ox.</p>
 +
|}
 
<p>{{red|Glosa}} This is how you shall strike against the four openings with the Zwerchau when you go against someone. When you come against him in Zufechten; when it becomes suitable for you, spring against him and cut with the Zwerchau against the lower opening on his left side. This is called "to strike against the plough".</p>
 
<p>{{red|Glosa}} This is how you shall strike against the four openings with the Zwerchau when you go against someone. When you come against him in Zufechten; when it becomes suitable for you, spring against him and cut with the Zwerchau against the lower opening on his left side. This is called "to strike against the plough".</p>
 
|  
 
|  
Line 712: Line 588:
 
|  
 
|  
 
| <p>[42] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the teaching thereof.}}</p>
 
| <p>[42] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the teaching thereof.}}</p>
 
+
{| class="zettel"
<p>He who Zwerches well<br/>with a spring, threatens the head.</p>
+
| <p><small>52</small><br/><br/></p>
 
+
| <p>He who Zwerches well<br/>with a spring, threatens the head.</p>
 +
|}
 
<p>That is to say, that in all of your Zwerchau strikes you shall take a proper spring out to the side where you want to strike him. So you can strike him well in the head. And see to it in the spring that you are properly protected from above with your hilt above and in front of your head.</p>
 
<p>That is to say, that in all of your Zwerchau strikes you shall take a proper spring out to the side where you want to strike him. So you can strike him well in the head. And see to it in the spring that you are properly protected from above with your hilt above and in front of your head.</p>
 
| <p>&nbsp;</p>
 
| <p>&nbsp;</p>
Line 725: Line 602:
 
| [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 003v.jpg|200px|center]]
 
| [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 003v.jpg|200px|center]]
 
| <p>[43] {{red|b=1|A further technique from the Zwerchau, and it is called the feint (Feler).}}</p>
 
| <p>[43] {{red|b=1|A further technique from the Zwerchau, and it is called the feint (Feler).}}</p>
 
+
{| class="zettel"
<p>He who does a good feint,<br/>strikes from below how he wishes.</p>
+
| <p><small>53</small><br/><br/></p>
 
+
| <p>He who does a good feint,<br/>strikes from below how he wishes.</p>
 +
|}
 
<p>{{red|Glosa}} With the feint all fencers who quickly leap to the defence are mislead and defeated. When you come against him in Zufechten, pretend that you want to cut him with perhaps an Oberhau to his left side. In this manner you can strike him underneath however you want and defeat him.</p>
 
<p>{{red|Glosa}} With the feint all fencers who quickly leap to the defence are mislead and defeated. When you come against him in Zufechten, pretend that you want to cut him with perhaps an Oberhau to his left side. In this manner you can strike him underneath however you want and defeat him.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
Line 738: Line 616:
 
| [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 004r.jpg|200px|center]]
 
| [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 004r.jpg|200px|center]]
 
| <p>[44] {{red|b=1|Another technique from the Zwerchau, and it is called the turner (Verkehrer).}}</p>
 
| <p>[44] {{red|b=1|Another technique from the Zwerchau, and it is called the turner (Verkehrer).}}</p>
 
+
{| class="zettel"
<p>The turner subdues,<br/>runs through and grapples.<br/>Take the elbow certainly,<br/>spring against him in the movement.</p>
+
| <p><small>54</small><br/><br/><small>55</small><br/><br/></p>
 
+
| <p>The turner subdues,<br/>runs through and grapples.<br/>Take the elbow certainly,<br/>spring against him in the movement.</p>
 +
|}
 
<p>{{red|Glosa}} When you bind against his sword with an Oberhau or Underhau, turn your sword so that your thumb comes underneath, and thrust him down from above into the face. In this way you force him to defend himself. And in the defence, grip his right elbow with your left hand and spring with your left foot in front of his right, and stab him over it. Or use the turner to rush through and grapple, in the same way that you will be told for running through.</p>
 
<p>{{red|Glosa}} When you bind against his sword with an Oberhau or Underhau, turn your sword so that your thumb comes underneath, and thrust him down from above into the face. In this way you force him to defend himself. And in the defence, grip his right elbow with your left hand and spring with your left foot in front of his right, and stab him over it. Or use the turner to rush through and grapple, in the same way that you will be told for running through.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 030r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 030r.png|2|lbl=-}}

Revision as of 00:54, 21 April 2015

Sigmund Schining ein Ringeck
Born date of birth unknown
Died before 1470
Occupation Fencing master
Nationality German
Patron Albrecht, Duke of Bavaria
Movement Society of Liechtenauer
Influences Johannes Liechtenauer
Influenced
Genres Fencing manual
Language Early New High German
Archetype(s) Hypothetical
Manuscript(s)
First printed
english edition
Tobler, 2001
Concordance by Michael Chidester
Translations

Sigmund Schining ein Ringeck (Sigmund ain Ringeck, Sigmund Amring, Sigmund Einring, Sigmund Schining) was a 14th or 15th century German fencing master. While the meaning of the surname "Schining" is uncertain, the suffix "ain Ringeck" may indicate that he came from the Rhineland region of south-eastern Germany. He is named in the text as Schirmaister to Albrecht, Count Palatine of Rhine and Duke of Bavaria. Other than this, the only thing that can be determined about his life is that his renown as a master was sufficient for Paulus Kal to include him on his memorial to the deceased masters of the Society of Liechtenauer in 1470.[1]

The identity of Ringeck's patron remains unclear, as four men named Albrecht held the title during the fifteenth century. If it is Albrecht I, who reigned from 1353 to 1404, this would signify that Ringeck was likely a direct associate or student of the grand master Johannes Liechtenauer. However, it may just as easily have been Albrecht III, who carried the title from 1438 to 1460, making Ringeck potentially a second-generation master carrying on the tradition.[2] Albrecht IV claimed the title in 1460 and thus also could have been Ringeck's patron; this seems somewhat less likely in light of Ringeck's apparent death within that same decade, meaning the master would have had to have penned his treatise in the final few years of his life. In its favor, however, is the fact that Albrecht IV lived until 1508 and so both the Dresden and Glasgow versions of the text were likely created during his reign.

Ringeck is often erroneously credited as the author of the MS Dresd.C.487. While Ringeck was the author of one of the core texts, a complete gloss of Liechtenauer's Recital on unarmored longsword fencing, and perhaps also the anonymous glosses of his armored and mounted fencing, the manuscript contains an assortment of treatises by several different masters in the tradition (not just Ringeck), and it is currently thought to have been composed in the early 16th century[3] (well after the master's lifetime). Regardless, the fact that he authored one of the few glosses of Liechtenauer's verse makes Ringeck one of the most important masters of the 15th century.

While it was not duplicated nearly as often as the more famous gloss of Pseudo-Peter von Danzig, Ringeck's work nevertheless seems to have had a lasting influence. Not only was it reproduced by Joachim Meÿer in his final manuscript (left unifinished at his death in 1571), but in 1539 Hans Medel von Salzburg took it upon himself to create an update and revision of Ringeck's Bloßfechten gloss, integrating his own commentary in many places.

Treatise

Additional Resources

  • Lindholm, David and Svard, Peter. Sigmund Ringeck's Knightly Art of the Longsword. Boulder, CO: Paladin Press, 2003. ISBN 978-1-58160-410-8
  • Lindholm, David and Svard, Peter. Sigmund Ringeck's Knightly Arts of Combat: Sword-and-Buckler Fighting, Wrestling, and Fighting in Armor. Boulder, CO: Paladin Press, 2006. ISBN 978-1-58160-499-3
  • Tobler, Christian Henry. Secrets of German Medieval Swordsmanship. Highland Village, TX: Chivalry Bookshelf, 2001. ISBN 1-891448-07-2
  • Żabiński, Grzegorz. The Longsword Teachings of Master Liechtenauer. The Early Sixteenth Century Swordsmanship Comments in the "Goliath" Manuscript. Poland: Adam Marshall, 2010. ISBN 978-83-7611-662-4

References

  1. Paulus Kal. Untitled [manuscript]. Cgm 1507. Munich, Germany: Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, 1470.
  2. Christian Henry Tobler. "Chicken and Eggs: Which Master Came First?" In Saint George's Name: An Anthology of Medieval German Fighting Arts. Wheaton, IL: Freelance Academy Press, 2010.
  3. Werner J. Hoffmann. "Dresden, Landesbibl., Mscr. C 487". Handschriftencensus. Eine Bestandsaufnahme der handschriftlichen Überlieferung deutschsprachiger Texte des Mittelalters. August, 2010. Retrieved 5 July 2012.
  4. The phrase "and pictured" is omitted from the Dresden.
  5. Corrected from »am«.
  6. 6.0 6.1 Line is omitted from the Dresden.
  7. ringe adv. easy, light, carefree manner
  8. darhauen: To chop down, to fell
  9. lit: cut the cuts
  10. D. Zeck: Tick. R. Zeckruhr: Insect bites
  11. Possibly: `strongly desire to execute`
  12. "Komp" added below the line in a different hand.
  13. Corrected from »seiner«.
  14. Corrected from »dem«.
  15. Corrected from »dim«.
  16. Corrected from »rechtem«.
  17. Corrected from »sinem«.
  18. The word »es« is almost illegible.
  19. Corrected from »ausgerattñ«.
  20. Corrected from »dem«.
  21. Corrected from »dim«.
  22. Corrected from »dinem«.