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Difference between revisions of "Lew"
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{{master begin | {{master begin | ||
| title = [[Long Sword]] Gloss | | title = [[Long Sword]] Gloss | ||
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! <p>{{rating|B|Completed Translation (from Augsburg I)}}<br/>by [[Cory Winslow]]</p> | ! <p>{{rating|B|Completed Translation (from Augsburg I)}}<br/>by [[Cory Winslow]]</p> | ||
! <p>[[Codex Lew (Cod.I.6.4º.3)|Augsburg Transcription I]] (1450s){{edit index|Codex Lew (Cod.I.6.4º.3)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p> | ! <p>[[Codex Lew (Cod.I.6.4º.3)|Augsburg Transcription I]] (1450s){{edit index|Codex Lew (Cod.I.6.4º.3)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p> | ||
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! <p>[[Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29)|Salzburg Transcription]] (1491){{edit index|Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p> | ! <p>[[Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29)|Salzburg Transcription]] (1491){{edit index|Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p> | ||
! <p>[[Oplodidaskalia sive Armorvm Tractandorvm Meditatio Alberti Dvreri (MS 26-232)|Vienna Transcription II]] (1512){{edit index|Oplodidaskalia sive Armorvm Tractandorvm Meditatio Alberti Dvreri (MS 26-232)}}<br/></p> | ! <p>[[Oplodidaskalia sive Armorvm Tractandorvm Meditatio Alberti Dvreri (MS 26-232)|Vienna Transcription II]] (1512){{edit index|Oplodidaskalia sive Armorvm Tractandorvm Meditatio Alberti Dvreri (MS 26-232)}}<br/></p> | ||
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! <p>[[Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica (Cod.10825/10826)|Vienna Transcription (Mair Latin)]] (1550s){{edit index|Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica (Cod.10825)}}<br/></p> | ! <p>[[Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica (Cod.10825/10826)|Vienna Transcription (Mair Latin)]] (1550s){{edit index|Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica (Cod.10825)}}<br/></p> | ||
! <p>[[Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica (Cod.icon. 393)|Munich Transcription (Mair)]] (1540s){{edit index|Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica (Cod.icon. 393 I)}}<br/>by [[Saskia Roselaar]]</p> | ! <p>[[Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica (Cod.icon. 393)|Munich Transcription (Mair)]] (1540s){{edit index|Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica (Cod.icon. 393 I)}}<br/>by [[Saskia Roselaar]]</p> | ||
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! <p>[[Maister Liechtenawers Kunstbuech (Cgm 3712)|Munich Transcription]] (1556){{edit index|Maister Liechtenawers Kunstbuech (Cgm 3712)}}<br/></p> | ! <p>[[Maister Liechtenawers Kunstbuech (Cgm 3712)|Munich Transcription]] (1556){{edit index|Maister Liechtenawers Kunstbuech (Cgm 3712)}}<br/></p> | ||
! <p>[[Fechtbuch zu Ross und zu Fuss (MS Var.82)|Rostock Transcription]] (1570){{edit index|Fechtbuch zu Ross und zu Fuss (MS Var.82)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p> | ! <p>[[Fechtbuch zu Ross und zu Fuss (MS Var.82)|Rostock Transcription]] (1570){{edit index|Fechtbuch zu Ross und zu Fuss (MS Var.82)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p> | ||
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{{master begin | {{master begin | ||
| title = [[Mounted fencing]] Gloss | | title = [[Mounted fencing]] Gloss | ||
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{| class="wikitable floated master" | {| class="wikitable floated master" | ||
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! <p>{{rating}}</p> | ! <p>{{rating}}</p> | ||
! <p>[[Codex Lew (Cod.I.6.4º.3)|Augsburg Transcription I]] (1450s){{edit index|Codex Lew (Cod.I.6.4º.3)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p> | ! <p>[[Codex Lew (Cod.I.6.4º.3)|Augsburg Transcription I]] (1450s){{edit index|Codex Lew (Cod.I.6.4º.3)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p> | ||
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! <p>[[Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29)|Salzburg Transcription]] (1491){{edit index|Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p> | ! <p>[[Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29)|Salzburg Transcription]] (1491){{edit index|Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p> | ||
! <p>[[Über die Fechtkunst und den Ringkampf (MS 963)|Graz Transcription]] (1538){{edit index|Über die Fechtkunst und den Ringkampf (MS 963)}}<br/></p> | ! <p>[[Über die Fechtkunst und den Ringkampf (MS 963)|Graz Transcription]] (1538){{edit index|Über die Fechtkunst und den Ringkampf (MS 963)}}<br/></p> | ||
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! <p>[[Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica (Cod.10825/10826)|Vienna Transcription (Mair Latin)]] (1540s){{edit index|Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica (Cod.10825)}}<br/></p> | ! <p>[[Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica (Cod.10825/10826)|Vienna Transcription (Mair Latin)]] (1540s){{edit index|Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica (Cod.10825)}}<br/></p> | ||
! <p>[[Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica (Cod.icon. 393)|Munich Transcription (Mair)]] (1550s){{edit index|Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica (Cod.icon. 393 I)}}<br/>by [[Saskia Roselaar]]</p> | ! <p>[[Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica (Cod.icon. 393)|Munich Transcription (Mair)]] (1550s){{edit index|Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica (Cod.icon. 393 I)}}<br/>by [[Saskia Roselaar]]</p> | ||
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! <p>[[Maister Liechtenawers Kunstbuech (Cgm 3712)|Munich Transcription]] (1556){{edit index|Maister Liechtenawers Kunstbuech (Cgm 3712)}}<br/></p> | ! <p>[[Maister Liechtenawers Kunstbuech (Cgm 3712)|Munich Transcription]] (1556){{edit index|Maister Liechtenawers Kunstbuech (Cgm 3712)}}<br/></p> | ||
! <p>[[Fechtbuch zu Ross und zu Fuss (MS Var.82)|Rostock Transcription]] (1570){{edit index|Fechtbuch zu Ross und zu Fuss (MS Var.82)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p> | ! <p>[[Fechtbuch zu Ross und zu Fuss (MS Var.82)|Rostock Transcription]] (1570){{edit index|Fechtbuch zu Ross und zu Fuss (MS Var.82)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p> | ||
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| [http://www.hammaborg.de/en/transkriptionen/jude_lew/08_rossfechten.php Transcription] | | [http://www.hammaborg.de/en/transkriptionen/jude_lew/08_rossfechten.php Transcription] | ||
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| [http://www.hammaborg.de/en/transkriptionen/hans_von_speyer/11_rossfechten.php Transcription] | | [http://www.hammaborg.de/en/transkriptionen/hans_von_speyer/11_rossfechten.php Transcription] | ||
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Revision as of 22:26, 26 June 2016
Jud Lew | |
---|---|
Born | before ca. 1440s |
Died | date of death unknown |
Occupation | Fencing master |
Ethnicity | Jewish |
Movement | Liechtenauer Tradition |
Genres | |
Language | Early New High German |
Principal manuscript(s) |
|
Manuscript(s) |
MS Dresd.C.94 (1542)
|
Concordance by | Michael Chidester |
Translations | Traducción castellano |
Caution: Scribes at Work This article is in the process of updates, expansion, or major restructuring. Please forgive any broken features or formatting errors while these changes are underway. To help avoid edit conflicts, please do not edit this page while this message is displayed. Stay tuned for the announcement of the revised content! This article was last edited by Michael Chidester (talk| contribs) at 22:26, 26 June 2016 (UTC). (Update) |
Jud Lew was a 15th century German fencing master. His name signifies that he was Jewish, and some sources state that he was baptized Christian. He seems to have stood in the tradition of Johannes Liechtenauer, though he was not included in Paulus Kal's ca. 1470 list of the members of the Fellowship of Liechtenauer.[1]
Lew is often erroneously credited with authoring the Cod.I.6.4º.3, a compilation of various fencing treatises created in the 1450s. In fact, his name is only associated with a single section of that book, a gloss of Johannes Liechtenauer's Recital on mounted fencing that is a branch of the so-called Pseudo-Peter von Danzig gloss. Though some versions of Martin Huntfeltz's treatise on armored fencing are also attributed to Lew, but this seems to be an error.
Contents
Treatises
Early on in its history, the Pseudo-Peter von Danzig gloss seems to have split into two primary branches, and no definite copies of the unaltered original are known to survive. The gloss of Sigmund Schining ain Ringeck also seems to be related to this work, due to the considerable overlap in text and contents, but the exact nature of this relationship is currently unclear.
Branch A, first attested in the Augsburg version (1450s) and comprising the majority of extant copies, has more devices overall than the other branch (particularly in the extensive Salzburg version of 1491) but generally shorter descriptions in areas of overlap. It also includes glosses of Liechtenauer's Recital on long sword and mounted fencing only, and in lieu of a gloss of Liechtenauer's short sword it is generally accompanied by the short sword teachings of Andre Liegniczer and Martin Huntfeltz. Apart from containing the most content, the Salzburg version is notable for including nine paragraphs of text that are not found in any other version of Pseudo-Peter von Danzig, but do appear in Ringeck (and constitute almost 10% of that gloss); this predates all known copies of Ringeck's text, but is another indicator of some connection between the works. Branch A was later used by Johannes Lecküchner as a source when he compiled his own gloss of a Recital on the Messer in the late 1470s.
Branch B, attested first in the Rome version (1452), is found in only four manuscripts; it tends to feature slightly longer descriptions than Branch A, but includes fewer devices overall. Branch B glosses Liechtenauer's entire Recital, including the short sword section, and may therefore be considered more complete than Branch A; it also different from Branch A in that three of the four known copies are illustrated to some extent, where none in the other branch are. The Krakow version (1510-20) seems to be an incomplete (though extensively illustrated) copy taken directly from the Rome,[2] while Augsburg II (1564) is taken from the Krakow but only includes the six illustrated devices of wrestling and their respective captions. Even more anomalous is the Glasgow version, consisting solely of a sizeable fragment of the short sword gloss (hence its assignation to Branch B) which is appended to the opening paragraphs of Ringeck's gloss of the same section; since it accompanies Ringeck's long sword and mounted fencing glosses, a possible explanation is that the scribe lacked a complete copy of Ringeck and tried to fill in the deficit with another similar text.
There is one version of the Pseudo-Peter von Danzig gloss that defies categorization into either branch, namely the Vienna version (included in a 1480 manuscript along with Paulus Kal's work, though Kal's personal level of involvement is unknown). The text of this copy is more consistent with the generally shorter descriptions of Branch A, but the overall contents much more closely align with Branch B, lacking most of the unique devices of Branch A and including the gloss of the short sword. The Vienna version may therefore be a copy of the original gloss before it split into these branches (or it may merely be an odd attempt by a scribe to synthesize the two branches into a single, shorter work).
While Branches A and B were originally presented in a single concordance on the Pseudo-Peter von Danzig page, the differences between them were revealed thereby to be extensive enough that they merit separate consideration. Thus Branch A has been moved here to Jud Lew's page, to whom is seemingly attributed the gloss on mounted fencing, while Branch B has been retained on the page of Pseudo-Danzig. As the Vienna version cannot be cleanly assigned to one branch or the other, it will appear in both concordances for comparative purposes.
Images |
Augsburg Transcription I (1450s) |
Salzburg Transcription (1491) |
Vienna Transcription II (1512) |
Dresden Transcription (Mair) (1542) |
Vienna Transcription (Mair German) (1550s) |
Munich Transcription (Mair) (1540s) |
Munich Transcription (1556) |
Rostock Transcription (1570) | ||||||||||||||||
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Master Liechtenauer's Art
|
[1r] Maister liechtennawers kunst Jůnck ritter lern |
[82r] Das Buch so noch zum langen Schwert gehort. [84r] Junng Ritter Leren |
[71r] Nachuolget ferrer ein kurtzer bericht auf die vorbemelten Stend Im Schwert Jung ritter leren |
[81r] Brevis Habituum Ensis longioris expositio Prima omnium cura |
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Here begins a good common lesson of the long sword, yet so very good secret art is therein locked.
The first lesson of the long sword is that you before all things shall rightly learn the hews, so that you will otherwise fence strongly, and undertake that thus: when you stand with the left foot before and hew from the right side, then the hew is false and incorrect since the right side remains there behind, thereby the hew becomes too short and may not have its correct going to the right side, etc. |
[1v] Hie hebt sich an ein gut gemein lere des langen swertz Doch so ist vil gutter verporgener kůnst darinnen beschlossen ~•••~ Wiltu kůnst schawen DIe ersten lere des langenn swerts ist Das du vor allen dingen die hew recht solt lernen hawen Ist es anders das du starck vechten wilt Vnde das vernÿme also wenn du mit dem lincken fuß vor steest vnd [2r] hewest von der rechten seittenn So ist der hawe falsch vnd vngerecht wann die recht seitten pleibt da hinden Darumb wirt der hawe zu kurtz vnd mag seinen rechten ganck zu der rechten seitten nit gehaben etc. |
[10r] Hie hebt sich an ein güt genyne ler des langen schwertz / doch ist vil gütter verborgen künst dar in beschlossenn ~ Wiltu künst schaulben Die erst lere des langen schwertz dz du vor alen dingen die haulb recht solt leren haulben Ist es anders daß du starck vechten wilt vnd dz vernym also wan du mit dem lincken fus fur stest vnd haulbest von der rechten siten so ist der haulb valß vnd vngerecht wan die rechte siten blybett do hynden darümb so württ zu kurtz vnd mag sinen rechten ganck zu der rechten siten nit gehaben |
Hie hiebt sich ain güte gemaine lere des lanngenn Schwerts doch so ist vil gütter verborgner künst darin beschloszen. Wiltü Künnst schawen Die Erst ler des Lanngen Schwerts. Ist das du vor allen dingen die haw recht solt lernen hawen. Ist es annders das du starckh fechten wildt Vnd das vernim also wann du mit dem linckhen fuosz vorsteest vnnd hawest von der rechten seiten So ist der haw falsch vnnd vngerecht. wann die recht seiten bleibt dahinden darumb wirt der haw zukurtz vnnd mag seinnen rechten ganng zu der rechten seiten nit ~~~~~~ gehaben. |
[71v] Hie hebt sich an ein gute gemaine leer des lanngenn Schwerts / Doch so ist vil guter verborg : ner kunst darinn beschlossenn . Wilt du kunst schawen Die erst leer des langen Schwerts ist / das du vor allen dingenn die haw recht solt lernen hawen / Ist es anderst das du starck fechten wilt / vnnd das vernimb also / wann du mit dem lingken fuß vorsteest / vnd hawest von der rechten seiten / so ist der haw falsch vnnd ungerecht / wann die recht seiten pleibt dahinden / darumb wirt der haw zukurtz / vnd mag seinen rechten gang zu der rechten seiten nit gehaben. |
Prima admonitio, primum operam dabis, ut Ictus, qui mox describentur, artificiose ferire possis more Athletico, si fortem gladiatorem te exhibere volveris. Cum pedem sinistrum praefixeris, atque de latere dextro ferias, iam deceptus, et ictus est falsus, nam dextrum latus non sequetur, et ictus brevior, quam par est, apparebit, neque vero ad dextrum latus rite potest exerceri. |
[13v] Hie hebt sich an ein gute gemeine lehr des langen schwerts, doch ist vil guter verborgener kunst dar in beschlossen. [14r] Wiltu kunst schawen, Die Erstenn lehr des langenn schwerts, das du vor allenn dingenn, die hew recht solt lernen hawenn, Ist es annderst das du starck fechtenn wilt, vnd das Vernim also, wenn du mit dem linckenn fus vorstehest, vnnd hawst vonn der Rechtenn seitten, so ist der haw falsch vnnd vnrecht, wan die Recht seitten bleybt da hindenn, darumb wirt der haw zu kurtz, vnnd mag seinen rechten gang, zu der rechten seittenn nit gehabenn. | ||||||||||||||||||
Or if you stand with the right foot before and hew from the left side, if you then do not follow after with the left foot, then the hew is but false. Therefore mark when you hew from the right side that you always follow after with the right foot. The same likewise do also when you hew from the left side. So put your body in the correct balance and thus the hews become long and correctly hewn, etc. |
[2r] Oder steestu mit dem rechten fus vor vnd hewest von der lincken seitten volgstu dann mit dem lincken fuß nit nach so ist der hawe aber falsch Darümb so mercke wann du hewest von der rechten seitten daz du albeg mit dem rechten fusß dem hawe nachuolgest Desselben gleichen tue auch wann du hawest von der lincken seitten so gibt sich dein leip mit Inn die rechten wege vnd also werden die hewe langk vnd recht gehawen etc. |
Oder stestu mit dem rechten fus fur vnd haulbst von der lincken siten volgestu dan mit dem lincken [10v] fus nit noch so ist der haulb aber valsch darümb so merck wen du haulbest von der rechten siten das du alwegen mit dem rechten siten fus dem haulb noch volgest des glichen thun auch wan du haulbest von der lincken siten So gib sich dein lip mit im die rechten weg vnd also werden die haulb langck vnd recht gew gehaulben ~~ |
[84v] Oder Steestu mit dem rechten füosz vor Vnnd hawest von der lingcken seiten volgstü dann mit dem Linngcken füosz nit nach. so ist der haw aber falsch/ darumb so merckh wann du hawest von der rechten seiten. das du alweg mit dem rechten füosz dem haw nachüolgest / Desselben geleichen thuo auch wann du hawest von der Linncken seiten. so gibt sy dein Leib mit Inn die rechte wag. Vnnd also werden die haw Lanng vnnd recht gehawen. |
Oder Steest du mit dem rechten fuß vor / vnd hawest von der lingken seitten / volgst du dann mit dem lingken fuß nit nach / so ist der haw aber falsch / Darumb so merck / wann du hawest von der rechten seitten / das du allweg mit dem rechten fuß dem haw nachuolgest / Desselben gleichen thu auch wann du hawest von der lingken seitten / So gibt sich dein leib mit in die rechte wag / vnnd also werden die haw lang vnnd recht gehawen. |
Sin autem dextrum praeposueris, et de latere sinistro ferias, nec sinistro fueris subsequutus, tum rursus falleris. ea propter curabis, ut, si de latere dextro ictum regis, statim subsequaris pede itidem dextro in ipso ictu. Idem facies, si de sinistro ferias, et ea ratione commodissime corpus adcommodabis, ictusque porrecti et more gladiatorio formabuntur. |
Oder stehestu mit dem rechten fus vor, vnnd hawest vonn der linckenn seitten, volgest dann mit dem lincken fus nit nach, so ist der haw aber falsch. Darumb so merck wenn du hawst vonn der rechtenn seyttenn, das du alweg mit dem Rechtenn fus dem haw nachvolgst. Desselbenn gleichenn thu auch, wenn du hawst vonn der linckenn seyttenn, so gibt sich dein leyb mit Im die Rechtenn weg, vnnd also werdenn die hew lang vnnd recht gehawenn. | ||||||||||||||||||
That is when you come to the man with the pre-fencing, then you shall not stand still with your sword and wait after his hews until he hews to you. Know that all fencers that look there on another’s hews and will do nothing other than parry, they deserve little joy in their art since they become sorely struck thereby, etc. |
[2v] Wer nach get hewen Das ist wenn du mit dem zufechten zum manne kompst So soltu nit still steen mit deinem swert vnd seinen hawen nach wartten pis er dir zu hewet. Wisß das alle vechter die da sehen auf eins andern hewe vnd wöllen nicht anders tun dann versetzen Die dörffen sich kůnst gar wenig freuen Wann sie werden sere dapej geslagen etc. |
Wer nach geth haulben Daß ist wan du mit dem zuvechten zu dem man kümbst so soltu nicht stell sten mit dinenn schwertt vnd sinem haulb nocht warten biß er dir ze haulbett wiß dz alle vechter die do sehen vff eynes andern haulb vnd wollent nit anders thun dan versetzenn die diff dirffen sich künst wenig freulben wan sie werden sere do bÿ geschlagen ~ |
Wer nach geet hawen Das ist Wann du mit dem zufechten zum Mann kumpst. So soltu nit still steen mit deinnem Schwert. vnnd seinem haw nachwarten. bis er dir zuhawet. wisz das alle Fechter. die da sechen auf ains anndern haw/ vnnd wöllen nichts annders thun dann versetzen. die durffen sich Kunnst gar wennig freyen. Wann sy werden seez dabey geschlagen. |
[72r] Wer nach geet hawen Das ist / wann du mit dem zufechten zum Mann kombst / so solt du nit still steen mit deinem Schwert / vnnd seinem hawen nachwarten / bis er dir zuhawet / Wiss das alle fechter / die da sehenn auff ains andern haw / vnnd wöllen nichts anders thun dann versetzen / die durffen sich kunst gar wenig frewen / wann Sie werden seer dabey geschlagen. |
Si feriundo ad hostem accesseris, ense regendo ne cesses, eius ictum expectans sed semper exerceas. Nam omnes Athletae, qui id faciunt, Athletica non gaudeant, quoniam saepissimé laeduntur. |
Wer nach gehet hewenn, Das ist, wenn du mit dem zu fechten, zu dem mann kumbst, so soltu nit stil stehenn, mit deinem schwert, vnd seinem haw nach warttenn bis er dir zu hewet. Wis das all fechter die do [14v] sehenn vf eins andernn hew, vnnd wollen nit anderst thun dann versetzenn, die dürffenn sich kunst gar wenig frewenn, wan Sie werdenn sehr dabey geschlag~. |
Images |
Augsburg Transcription I (1450s) |
Salzburg Transcription (1491) |
Graz Transcription (1538) |
Dresden Transcription (Mair) (1542) |
Vienna Transcription (Mair German) (1540s) |
Munich Transcription (Mair) (1550s) |
Munich Transcription (1556) |
Rostock Transcription (1570) | ||
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Transcription | Transcription | Transcription |
For further information, including transcription and translation notes, see the discussion page.
Additional Resources
- Bergner, U. and Giessauf, J. Würgegriff und Mordschlag. Die Fecht- und Ringlehre des Hans Czynner (1538). ADEVA Graz, 2006. ISBN 978-3-201-01855-5
- Tobler, Christian Henry. In Saint George's Name: An Anthology of Medieval German Fighting Arts. Wheaton, IL: Freelance Academy Press, 2010. ISBN 978-0-9825911-1-6
References