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Difference between revisions of "Lew"

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! id="thin" | <p>Images</p>
 
! id="thin" | <p>Images</p>
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! <p>{{rating|B|Completed Translation (from Augsburg)}}<br/>by [[Cory Winslow]]</p>
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! <p>{{rating|B|Completed Translation}}<br/>by [[Cory Winslow]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Codex Lew (Cod.I.6.4º.3)|Augsburg Transcription]] (1450s){{edit index|Codex Lew (Cod.I.6.4º.3)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Codex Lew (Cod.I.6.4º.3)|Augsburg Transcription]] (1450s){{edit index|Codex Lew (Cod.I.6.4º.3)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29)|Salzburg Transcription]] (1491){{edit index|Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29)|Salzburg Transcription]] (1491){{edit index|Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
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| <p>[19] ''Item: You may also not take away upward,tearing up with your sword further than his point, Meanwhile strike in against him to the head.''</p>
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| <p>[19] Item: You may also not take away upward,tearing up with your sword further than his point, Meanwhile strike in against him to the head.</p>
 
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| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 014r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 014r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
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| <p>[20] ''Item, a counter against the taking-off: When he takes off above and hews to your head on your right side, then wind your sword with your short edge a little on his and strike Meanwhile with the long edge to his head.''</p>
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| <p>[20] Item, a counter against the taking-off: When he takes off above and hews to your head on your right side, then wind your sword with your short edge a little on his and strike Meanwhile with the long edge to his head.</p>
 
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| <p>[21] ''Item, another counter: Meanwhile as he takes-off, then step aside from the strike and work in to the next opening with the hew.''</p>
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| <p>[21] Item, another counter: Meanwhile as he takes-off, then step aside from the strike and work in to the next opening with the hew.</p>
 
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| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 014v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 014v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
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| <p>[24] ''Item, so you thus on your right side have wound, and he has parried your stab, then wind a little again on your left and set in your point also down in his breast. If he then parries the point, then pull your sword on you and strike in again to his head. If he then parries, so take off above or take other work therefrom.''</p>
+
| <p>[24] Item, so you thus on your right side have wound, and he has parried your stab, then wind a little again on your left and set in your point also down in his breast. If he then parries the point, then pull your sword on you and strike in again to his head. If he then parries, so take off above or take other work therefrom.</p>
 
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| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 015r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 015r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
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| <p>[29] ''Item, when you will make a hew and a stab and a slice, then do him thus: hew the Wrath-hew boldly in from your right side, Meanwhile wind in the point on his left side and stab in to his face on his left side. Meanwhile step with your left foot on his right and slice in with the long edge over both his arms.''</p>
+
| <p>[29] Item, when you will make a hew and a stab and a slice, then do him thus: hew the Wrath-hew boldly in from your right side, Meanwhile wind in the point on his left side and stab in to his face on his left side. Meanwhile step with your left foot on his right and slice in with the long edge over both his arms.</p>
 
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| <p>[37] ''{{red|b=1|Another}}''</p>
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| <p>[37] {{red|b=1|Another}}</p>
  
 
<p>Item, you shall also drive the Crooked-hew from the Barrier-guard from both sides, and position yourself in the guard thus: when you come to the man with the pre-fencing, then set the left foot before and hold your sword with the point near your right side on the earth so that the long edge on the sword is turned above, and thus you give an opening with the left side. If he then hews above to your opening, then spring from the hew with the right foot well on the right side against him, and thrust the pommel of your sword under your right arm with the left hand, and strike him with crossed hands with the long edge with the point in his hands, etc.</p>
 
<p>Item, you shall also drive the Crooked-hew from the Barrier-guard from both sides, and position yourself in the guard thus: when you come to the man with the pre-fencing, then set the left foot before and hold your sword with the point near your right side on the earth so that the long edge on the sword is turned above, and thus you give an opening with the left side. If he then hews above to your opening, then spring from the hew with the right foot well on the right side against him, and thrust the pommel of your sword under your right arm with the left hand, and strike him with crossed hands with the long edge with the point in his hands, etc.</p>
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| <p>[43] ''Item when he comes before with the Over-hew, then step with your right foot on his left and strike to him with the Thwart Hew in the Strong of his blade, so is his hew parried. Meanwhile thrust the pommel with your left hand on your right side up near you, so you strike in in the left ear, or may the Doubling. While you him in his Strong have Thwarted, or is he thus Strong that you there to not come may, then thrust his sword away with the hilt and strike on your right side around and seek the other opening.''<ref name="Ringeck"/></p>
+
| <p>[43] Item when he comes before with the Over-hew, then step with your right foot on his left and strike to him with the Thwart Hew in the Strong of his blade, so is his hew parried. Meanwhile thrust the pommel with your left hand on your right side up near you, so you strike in in the left ear, or may the Doubling. While you him in his Strong have Thwarted, or is he thus Strong that you there to not come may, then thrust his sword away with the hilt and strike on your right side around and seek the other opening.<ref name="Ringeck"/></p>
 
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| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 021v.jpg|1|lbl=21v}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 021v.jpg|1|lbl=21v}}
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| <p>[45] ''Item, a counter against upper and lower Thwart strikes. When one has bound in on his sword with a Over-hew and strikes the Thwart around above or below, then remain with the hilt before your head and always turn your sword and stab in with your point to the nearest opening. So it goes from both sides.''</p>
+
| <p>[45] Item, a counter against upper and lower Thwart strikes. When one has bound in on his sword with a Over-hew and strikes the Thwart around above or below, then remain with the hilt before your head and always turn your sword and stab in with your point to the nearest opening. So it goes from both sides.</p>
 
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| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 022r.jpg|1|lbl=22r}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 022r.jpg|1|lbl=22r}}
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| <p>[46] ''Item, when one binds on you with a free Over-hew and hews the lower Thwart-hew to your right side, then remain thus standing and lay in the short edge on his neck.''</p>
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| <p>[46] Item, when one binds on you with a free Over-hew and hews the lower Thwart-hew to your right side, then remain thus standing and lay in the short edge on his neck.</p>
 
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| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 022r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 022r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
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| <p>[49] ''Item, if one takes you by the neck to your right side, then release your sword from your left hand and thrust his sword with your right from your neck and step with your left foot against his right side before both of his feet and drive with your left arm over both his arms near by the hilt and drive him to dance or stab him below between his legs to the groin.''</p>
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| <p>[49] Item, if one takes you by the neck to your right side, then release your sword from your left hand and thrust his sword with your right from your neck and step with your left foot against his right side before both of his feet and drive with your left arm over both his arms near by the hilt and drive him to dance or stab him below between his legs to the groin.</p>
 
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| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 022v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 022v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
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| <p>[50] ''Item, when you will make the Thwart-hew on his left side, then do not hit and strike nimbly on his right side. If he then strikes to your right, then slice Meanwhile strongly in his hands, in the wrist of his right hand. That goes to both sides.''</p>
+
| <p>[50] Item, when you will make the Thwart-hew on his left side, then do not hit and strike nimbly on his right side. If he then strikes to your right, then slice Meanwhile strongly in his hands, in the wrist of his right hand. That goes to both sides.</p>
 
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| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 022v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 022v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
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| <p>[68] ''You may also do that when he hews you a free Over-hew from above, then Squint to his head as if you will in thereon strike, and hew with the short edge against his head and strike in on his sword's blade down with the point on the hands.''<ref>After this paragraph is a repetition of [59], the Twofold Failer.</ref></p>
+
| <p>[68] You may also do that when he hews you a free Over-hew from above, then Squint to his head as if you will in thereon strike, and hew with the short edge against his head and strike in on his sword's blade down with the point on the hands.<ref>After this paragraph is a repetition of [59], the Twofold Failer.</ref></p>
 
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| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 027r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 027r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
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| <p>[71] ''Item, when you will make the Parter-hew on one, then may you allow the long point to go through him under his hands to his face on his right side and long stretched in.''</p>
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| <p>[71] Item, when you will make the Parter-hew on one, then may you allow the long point to go through him under his hands to his face on his right side and long stretched in.</p>
 
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| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 028v.jpg|3|lbl=28v}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 028v.jpg|3|lbl=28v}}
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| <p>[87] '''Item, another.'''</p>
 
| <p>[87] '''Item, another.'''</p>
  
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<p>When he has parried you, then wrench with with your sword on his sword's blade up over you, against his point, as if you will take off above. Then remain on the sword and hew him simply on the blade, in against his head, etc.</p>
+
<p>When he has parried you, then wrench with with your sword on his sword's blade up over you, against his point, as if you will take off above. Then remain on the sword and hew him simply on the blade, in against his head, etc.<ref>The subsequent two plays in Salzburg are taken from the gloss of [[Sigmund ain Ringeck]], and are therefore omitted here.</ref></p>
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| <p><br/></p>
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{{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 030v.jpg|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 031r.jpg|1|lbl=31r|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 030v.jpg|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 031r.jpg|1|lbl=31r|p=1}}
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| <p><br/></p>
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| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 030v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
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| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.93 100r.png|2|lbl=-}}
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{{section|Page:MS M.I.29 030v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
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| {{section|Page:Cod.10825 082r.png|5|lbl=-}}
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| <p><br/></p>
 
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{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.93 100r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
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| <p>[94] ''Item. You shall also know as soon as you both come together in the onset and as soon as he lifts up his sword and will strike-around, you shall immediately fall into the point and thrust to the nearest opening. But if he will not go with the sword, then you yourself shall go with your sword and as soon as or every time as you end a strike, fall into the point every time, in-the-moment. If you can execute the setting-on correctly, then he must balance or shift himself hard. It must allow you a wound.''</p>
+
| <p>[94] Item. You shall also know as soon as you both come together in the onset and as soon as he lifts up his sword and will strike-around, you shall immediately fall into the point and thrust to the nearest opening. But if he will not go with the sword, then you yourself shall go with your sword and as soon as or every time as you end a strike, fall into the point every time, in-the-moment. If you can execute the setting-on correctly, then he must balance or shift himself hard. It must allow you a wound.</p>
 
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| <p>[95]</p>
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{| class="zettel"
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|-
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| <small>75</small>
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| {{red|Traveling-after, learn twofold<br/>Or slice in the weapon.}}
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|-
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| <small>76</small>
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| {{red|Two Outter Mindings,<br/>The work thereafter begins.}}
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|-
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| <small>77</small>
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| {{red|And test the driving<br/>If they are Soft or Hard.}}
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|}
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<p>Item, mark the Traveling-after is multiple<ref>Word omitted from the Augsburg.</ref> and pertains to driving with great prudence against the fencers that fence from free long hews,<ref>"that fence from free long hews" omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> and otherwise do not hold<ref>"do not hold" omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> the right Art of the Sword, etc.</p>
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| <p><br/></p>
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{{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 032v.jpg|1|lbl=32v}}
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| <p><br/></p>
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{{section|Page:MS M.I.29 032r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
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| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.93 101r.png|1|lbl=101r}}
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| {{section|Page:Cod.10825 082v.png|6|lbl=-}}
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{{section|Page:Cod.10825 083r.png|1|lbl=83r}}
 
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| <p>[96] '''Item, the first technique from the Traveling-after'''
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drive that thus: When you come to him with the pre-fencing, then set the left foot forward and stand in the guard From the Day, and see well even what he fences against you. If he then hews in from his right shoulder, then do not parry him, and wait that he does not reach you with the hew. Then mark while his sword goes below you against the earth, then spring to him with the right foot, and hew him above in to the opening of his right side before when he comes up again. So he is struck, etc.</p>
 
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{{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 032v.jpg|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 033r.jpg|1|lbl=33r|p=1}}
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{{section|Page:MS M.I.29 032r.jpg|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 032v.jpg|1|lbl=32v|p=1}}
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| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.93 101v.png|1|lbl=101v}}
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| {{section|Page:Cod.10825 083r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
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| <p>[97] '''Item, another technique.'''</p>
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<p>When he hews at you and you hew after him, if he then drives quickly up with the sword and parries, then remain strongly with the long edge on his sword. If he then lifts upwards with the sword, then spring with the left foot well behind his right, and strike him with the Thwart or such to the right side of his head, and work quickly around to his left side with the Doubling, or such with other techniques thereafter, if you find he is Soft or Hard on the sword. And that is the Outer Minding, etc.</p>
 
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{{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 033r.jpg|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 033v.jpg|1|lbl=33v|p=1}}
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| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 032v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
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| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.93 101v.png|2|lbl=-}}
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| {{section|Page:Cod.10825 083r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
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| <p>[98] '''Item, yet another technique.'''</p>
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<p>When he hews before you and you hew in after, if you bind then on his sword in his left side, if he strikes then from the parry with the Thwart quickly around you to your right side, then come in Meanwhile with the weapon first, before under his sword, against his left side, and hew after his hew to the right side, or drive the slice in over his arm to the head, etc.</p>
 
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{{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 033v.jpg|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 034r.jpg|1|lbl=34r|p=1}}
 
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| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.93 102r.png|1|lbl=102r}}
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| {{section|Page:Cod.10825 083r.png|4|lbl=-}}
 
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| <p>[99] '''Item, yet a Traveling-after.'''</p>
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<p>When you fight against him from Under-hewing or from Slashing, or you lie against him in the guard Fool, if he then falls with the sword on yours, before you then come up, then remain thus below on the sword, and lift upwards. If he will then hew you from the parrying or Wind-in on the sword, then let him not come off from the sword, and follow after him thereon, and work therewith to the nearest opening.</p>
 
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{{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 034r.jpg|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 034v.jpg|1|lbl=34v|p=1}}
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| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 033r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
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| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.93 102r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
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{{section|Page:Cod.10825 083r.png|5|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.10825 083v.png|1|lbl=83v|p=1}}
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| <p>[100] {{red|b=1|Another}}</p>
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<p>Item, mark, you shall Travel-after him from all guards and from all hews as quickly as you can, when he hews before you or opens himself with the sword.</p>
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| <p><br/></p>
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{{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 034v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
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| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 033r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
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| <p><br/></p>
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{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.93 102v.png|1|lbl=102v}}
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| <p><br/></p>
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{{section|Page:Cod.10825 083v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
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| <p>[101]</p>
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{| class="zettel"
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|-
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| <small>78</small>
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| {{red|The Feeling learn.<br/>Meanwhile, that slices sorely.}}
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|}
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<p>Know that, in the sword, the Feeling and the word Meanwhile is the greatest Art. And who is a Master of the Sword, or wants to be, and he cannot Feel and cannot undertake the word Meanwhile, so is he not a Master; he is a Buffalo of the Sword. Therefore you shall before all things learn the word Meanwhile and the Feeling well.</p>
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| <p><br/></p>
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{{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 034v.jpg|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 035r.jpg|1|lbl=35r|p=1}}
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| <p><br/></p>
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{{section|Page:MS M.I.29 033r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
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| <p><br/></p>
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{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.93 102v.png|2|lbl=-}}
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| <p><br/></p>
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{{section|Page:Cod.10825 083v.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
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| <p>[102] Mark the Feeling thus: When you come with him to the pre-fencing, and one binds the other on the sword, then Meanwhile, as the sword clash together, you shall Feel with the hand if he has bound on Soft or Hard. And as quickly as you Feel Soft or Hard, then think on the word Meanwhile, that is, that you shall work quickly with the sword in the Feeling, so he becomes struck before you are.</p>
 
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{{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 035r.jpg|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 035v.jpg|1|lbl=35v|p=1}}
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| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 033v.jpg|1|lbl=33v}}
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| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.93 102v.png|3|lbl=-}}
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| {{section|Page:Cod.10825 083v.png|4|lbl=-}}
 
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| <p>[103] Item, now you shall know that Feeling and the word Meanwhile may not be one without the other, and undertake that thus. When you bind on his sword, then you must Feel Soft or Hard with the word Meanwhile. And when you Feel, then you must yet work Meanwhile. Thus are they always by one another, since the word Meanwhile is in all techniques. </p>
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| <p>[104] Mark that thus; Meanwhile Doubles, Meanwhile Mutates, Meanwhile Changes-through, Meanwhile Runs-through, Meanwhile takes the Slice, Meanwhile wrestles with, Meanwhile takes the sword. Meanwhile does what your heart desires. Meanwhile is a sharp word by which all masters become sliced, and they do not know or understand the word Meanwhile from previously, etc.</p>
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<p>This is that you shall drive the Traveling-after to both sides, and also bring the slice therein, and undertake that thus: When he hews before you, be it from the right side or from the left side, then hew in cheerfully after the opening. If he then drives up and binds you below on the sword, then mark as quickly as one sword on the other clashes, then fall in Meanwhile with the long edge in his arm, and press with the edge downwards, or slice him after the mouth, etc.</p>
 
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<p>This is how you shall Over-run him when one fights to you from below, undertake that thus. When you come to him with the pre-fencing, if he then hews below to you, do not parry that, but mark when when his Under-hew goes against you, then hew him from your right shoulder long from above and shoot in the point long to his face or the breast, and set on him so that he cannot reach you below. And if he then drives up from below and parries, then remain with the long edg strong on the sword, and work quickly to the nearest opening, etc.</p>
 
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| <p>[107] Item, mark when you have bound him strongly on his sword, if he then strikes from the parrying around you to the other side, then bind him yet with the long edge strongly on his sword, above to the head, and work to the openings as before. Drive that to both sides, etc.</p>
 
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Revision as of 23:58, 3 July 2016

Jud Lew
Born before ca. 1440s
Died date of death unknown
Occupation Fencing master
Ethnicity Jewish
Movement Liechtenauer Tradition
Genres
Language Early New High German
Principal
manuscript(s)
Manuscript(s)
Concordance by Michael Chidester
Translations Traducción castellano
MS Thott.290.2º 011r.jpg

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This article was last edited by Michael Chidester (talk| contribs) at 23:58, 3 July 2016 (UTC). (Update)

Jud Lew was a 15th century German fencing master. His name signifies that he was Jewish, and some sources state that he was baptized Christian. He seems to have stood in the tradition of Johannes Liechtenauer, though he was not included in Paulus Kal's ca. 1470 list of the members of the Fellowship of Liechtenauer.[1]

Lew is often erroneously credited with authoring the Cod.I.6.4º.3, a compilation of various fencing treatises created in the 1450s. In fact, his name is only associated with a single section of that book, a gloss of Johannes Liechtenauer's Recital on mounted fencing that is a branch of the so-called Pseudo-Peter von Danzig gloss. Though some versions of Martin Huntfeltz's treatise on armored fencing are also attributed to Lew, but this seems to be an error.

Treatises

Early on in its history, the Pseudo-Peter von Danzig gloss seems to have split into two primary branches, and no definite copies of the unaltered original are known to survive. The gloss of Sigmund Schining ain Ringeck also seems to be related to this work, due to the considerable overlap in text and contents, but the exact nature of this relationship is currently unclear.

Branch A, first attested in the Augsburg version (1450s) and comprising the majority of extant copies, has more devices overall than the other branch (particularly in the extensive Salzburg version of 1491) but generally shorter descriptions in areas of overlap. It also includes glosses of Liechtenauer's Recital on long sword and mounted fencing only, and in lieu of a gloss of Liechtenauer's short sword it is generally accompanied by the short sword teachings of Andre Liegniczer and Martin Huntfeltz. Apart from containing the most content, the Salzburg version is notable for including nine paragraphs of text that are not found in any other version of Pseudo-Peter von Danzig, but do appear in Ringeck (and constitute almost 10% of that gloss); this predates all known copies of Ringeck's text, but is another indicator of some connection between the works. Branch A was later used by Johannes Lecküchner as a source when he compiled his own gloss of a Recital on the Messer in the late 1470s.

Branch B, attested first in the Rome version (1452), is found in only four manuscripts; it tends to feature slightly longer descriptions than Branch A, but includes fewer devices overall. Branch B glosses Liechtenauer's entire Recital, including the short sword section, and may therefore be considered more complete than Branch A; it also different from Branch A in that three of the four known copies are illustrated to some extent, where none in the other branch are. The Krakow version (1510-20) seems to be an incomplete (though extensively illustrated) copy taken directly from the Rome,[2] while Augsburg II (1564) is taken from the Krakow but only includes the six illustrated devices of wrestling and their respective captions. Even more anomalous is the Glasgow version, consisting solely of a sizeable fragment of the short sword gloss (hence its assignation to Branch B) which is appended to the opening paragraphs of Ringeck's gloss of the same section; since it accompanies Ringeck's long sword and mounted fencing glosses, a possible explanation is that the scribe lacked a complete copy of Ringeck and tried to fill in the deficit with another similar text.

There is one version of the Pseudo-Peter von Danzig gloss that defies categorization into either branch, namely the Vienna version (included in a 1480 manuscript along with Paulus Kal's work, though Kal's personal level of involvement is unknown). The text of this copy is more consistent with the generally shorter descriptions of Branch A, but the overall contents much more closely align with Branch B, lacking most of the unique devices of Branch A and including the gloss of the short sword. The Vienna version may therefore be a copy of the original gloss before it split into these branches (or it may merely be an odd attempt by a scribe to synthesize the two branches into a single, shorter work).

While Branches A and B were originally presented in a single concordance on the Pseudo-Peter von Danzig page, the differences between them were revealed thereby to be extensive enough that they merit separate consideration. Thus Branch A has been moved here to Jud Lew's page, to whom is seemingly attributed the gloss on mounted fencing, while Branch B has been retained on the page of Pseudo-Danzig. As the Vienna version cannot be cleanly assigned to one branch or the other, it has been omitted for the present.

Temporary break

Additional Resources

References

  1. ↑ The Fellowship of Liechtenauer is recorded in three versions of Paulus Kal's treatise: MS 1825 (1460s), Cgm 1570 (ca. 1470), and MS KK5126 (1480s).
  2. ↑ Zabinski, pp 82-83
  3. ↑ sic : nahent
  4. ↑ sic : rechten
  5. ↑ sic : lonen
  6. ↑ "of the man… of the girdle" omitted from the Salzburg. This omission is probably a scribal error, jumping to the second instance of der gürttell.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 The subsequent play in Salzburg is taken from the gloss of Sigmund ain Ringeck, and is therefore omitted here.
  8. ↑ Fehlstelle im Manuskript
  9. ↑ "and you bind with… standing on the sword" omitted from the Augsburg.
  10. ↑ Word omitted in the Augsburg.
  11. ↑ "And wind yet… and stab him" omitted from the Augsburg.
  12. ↑ Here Salburg combines the Jud Lew text with additional description from Sigmund ain Ringeck describing how the Crooked-hew is used as a counter-cut.
  13. ↑ sic : schwerts
  14. ↑ Sentence omitted from the Augsburg.
  15. ↑ sic : deinem
  16. ↑ Korrigiert aus »Hautt«.
  17. ↑ After this paragraph is a repetition of [59], the Twofold Failer.
  18. ↑ Salzburg: "thrusts your point up".
  19. ↑ Clause omitted from the Augsburg.
  20. ↑ The subsequent two plays in Salzburg are taken from the gloss of Sigmund ain Ringeck, and are therefore omitted here.
  21. ↑ Mittels Einfügezeichen korrigiert aus »siten rechten«
  22. ↑ Word omitted from the Augsburg.
  23. ↑ "that fence from free long hews" omitted from the Salzburg.
  24. ↑ "do not hold" omitted from the Salzburg.


Early Germanic Traditions
Common Fencing Johannes Liechtenauer reversed.jpg
Wrestling
Liechtenauer
Tradition
Beringer Verse
Augsburg Tradition
Other Works
Fabris Tradition
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