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Difference between revisions of "Lew"

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{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
 
|-  
 
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| <small>90</small>
+
| <small>91</small>
 
| {{red|Run-through, let hang<br/>With the pommel if you will wrestle.}}
 
| {{red|Run-through, let hang<br/>With the pommel if you will wrestle.}}
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| <small>91</small>
+
| <small>92</small>
 
| {{red|Who is strong against you,<br/>Run-through, therewith mark.}}
 
| {{red|Who is strong against you,<br/>Run-through, therewith mark.}}
 
|}
 
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{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| <small>92</small>
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| <small>93</small>
 
| {{red|Slice off the hard ones<br/>From below in both drivings.}}
 
| {{red|Slice off the hard ones<br/>From below in both drivings.}}
 
|}
 
|}
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| <p><br/></p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
  
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{{section|Page:MS M.I.29 038r.jpg|4|lbl=-|p=1}}<br/>{{section|Page:MS M.I.29 038v.jpg|1|lbl=38|p=1}}
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{{section|Page:MS M.I.29 038r.jpg|4|lbl=-|p=1}}<br/>{{section|Page:MS M.I.29 038v.jpg|1|lbl=38v|p=1}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.93 108r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.93 108r.png|3|lbl=-}}
  
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{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
| <small>93</small>
+
| <small>94</small>
 
| {{red|Four are the Slices,<br/>Two below, with two above.}}
 
| {{red|Four are the Slices,<br/>Two below, with two above.}}
 
|}
 
|}
−
<p>Item, mark the Four Slices. The first are the two Overs that pertain to driving against the fencers that  like striking around to the other side from the parrying or from the bind of the swords.</p>
+
<p>Item, mark the Four Slices. The first are the two Overs that pertain to driving against the fencers that  like striking around to the other side from the parrying or from the bind of the swords. And counter that before with the slice thus: when he binds on your sword with the parrying or such to your left side, and strikes therewith quickly around with the Thwart or such to your right side, then spring from the hew with the left foot on his right side and fall in with the long edge above over both arms, and press with the slice from you. You shall drive that from both sides, always when he strikes around from the parrying, etc.</p>
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| <p><br/></p>
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{{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 045v.jpg|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 046r.jpg|1|lbl=46r|p=1}}
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+
| <p><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
{{section|Page:MS M.I.29 039r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 +
| <p><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.93 108v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.93 109r.png|1|lbl=109r|p=1}}
 +
| <p><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
{{section|Page:Cod.10825 087r.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.10825 087v.png|1|lbl=87v|p=1}}
 
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−
| <p>[129] And counter that before with the slice thus. When he binds on your sword with the parrying or such to your left side, and strikes therewith quickly around with the Thwart or such to your right side, then spring from the hew with the left foot on his right side and fall in with the long edge above over both arms, and press with the slice from you. You shall drive that from both sides, always when he strikes around from the parrying, etc.</p>
+
| <p>[129] Item, the two Under-slices pertain to driving against the fencers that run in with arms stretched up, and drive them thus: When he binds you on your sword, be it with parrying or such, if he then drives high up with the arms and runs in on you to your left side, then turn your sword so that your thumb comes below, with the long edge under his hilt in his arm, and press upward with the slice.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 +
{{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 046r.jpg|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 046v.jpg|1|lbl=46v|p=1}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 039v.jpg|1|lbl=39v}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.93 109r.png|2|lbl=-}}
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| {{section|Page:Cod.10825 087v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
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−
| <p>[130] Item, the two Under-slices pertain to driving against the fencers that run in with arms stretched up, and drive them thus: When he binds you on your sword, be it with parrying or such, if he then drives high up with the arms and runs in on you to your left side, then turn your sword so that your thumb comes below, with the long edge under his hilt in his arm, and press upward with the slice.</p>
+
| <p>[130] Or, if he runs in on you with arms stretched up to your right side, then turn your sword so that your thumb comes below, with the short edge under his hilt in his arms, and press upwards with the slice. Those are the Four Slices, etc.</p>
−
|  
+
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 046v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
−
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| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 039v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
−
|  
+
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.93 109r.png|3|lbl=-}}
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+
| {{section|Page:Cod.10825 087v.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
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|  
 
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−
| <p>[131] Or, if he runs in on you with arms stretched up to your right side, then turn your sword so that your thumb comes below, with the short edge under his hilt in his arms, and press upwards with the slice. Those are the Four Slices, etc.</p>
+
| <p>[131]</p>
−
|  
+
{| class="zettel"
−
|  
+
|-
−
|  
+
| <small>95</small>
−
|  
+
| {{red|Turn your edge,<br/>To escape, press your hands.}}
 +
|}
 +
<p>That is how you shall change from the Under-slices to the Over-slices, mark that thus. When he runs in on you to your left side with arms stretched up, then turn your sword with the long edge under his hilt in his arms, and press upwards fast, and step therewith on his right side, and Wind through below with the pommel, and come with the sword not (transcription error?) from his arms, and turn the sword from the Under-slice to the Over, over his arms with the long edge, etc.</p>
 +
| <p><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
{{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 047r.jpg|1|lbl=47r}}
 +
| <p><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
{{section|Page:MS M.I.29 039v.jpg|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 040r.jpg|1|lbl=40r|p=1}}
 +
| <p><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.93 109r.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}}
 +
 
 +
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.93 109v.png|1|lbl=109v|p=1}}
 +
| <p><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
{{section|Page:Cod.10825 087v.png|4|lbl=-}}
 
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|-  
 
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 +
| <p>[132] Item, if he runs in to your right side with arms stretched up, then turn your sword with the short edge under his hilt in his arms and press fast upwards, and step on his left side, and with this let your pommel go through below, and turn the sword with the long edge over his arms in the slice, and press from you, etc.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 047v.jpg|1|lbl=47v}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 040r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.93 109v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
−
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{{section|Page:Cod.10825 087v.png|5|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.10825 088r.png|1|lbl=88r|p=1}}
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|-  
 
|  
 
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 +
| <p>[133]</p>
 +
{| class="zettel"
 +
|-
 +
| <small>96</small>
 +
| {{red|Two Hanging come<br/>from one hand from the earth.}}
 +
|-
 +
| <small>97</small>
 +
| {{red|In all driving<br/>Hew, stab, Lier, Soft or Hard.}}
 +
|}
 +
<p>Know the Two Hangings from the earth, that is the Plow from both sides, therein you shall also have the Feeling in hewing, and stabbing, and in the binds of the swords, if he is Soft or Hard therein, etc.</p>
 +
| <p><br/></p>
 +
 +
{{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 047v.jpg|2|lbl=-|p=1}}
 +
 +
{{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 048r.jpg|1|lbl=48r|p=1}}
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| <p><br/></p>
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 +
{{section|Page:MS M.I.29 040r.jpg|3|lbl=-|p=1}}<br/>{{section|Page:MS M.I.29 040v.jpg|1|lbl=40v|p=1}}
 
|  
 
|  
−
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{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.93 109v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}}<br/>{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.93 110r.png|1|lbl=110r|p=1}}
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| {{section|Page:Cod.10825 088r.png|2|lbl=-}}
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|-  
 
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−
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| <p>[134] Also you shall know that you shall therefrom drive the Four Windings, and from each single Winding particularly a hew, a stab, and a slice, as from the upper Hangings.</p>
−
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+
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 048r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
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| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 040v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
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| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.93 110r.png|2|lbl=-}}
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| {{section|Page:Cod.10825 088r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
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| <p>[135] Item, the Hanging mark also thus. When you come to the man with the pre-fencing, then lay yourself in the Plow or in the Change-hew, be they whatever side is well, then hang your sword’s pommel against the earth and thrust in up from below from the hanging to the face. If he then thrusts the point over you with parrying, then remain thus on the sword and drive up with the pommel and hang in the point above in to the face, and in the two hews you shall always drive with hews, stabs, or slices.</p>
 
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| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 040v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
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−
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| <p>[136]</p>
 +
{| class="zettel"
 +
|-
 +
| <small>98</small>
 +
| {{red|Speaking-Window make.<br/>Stand joyfully, see his manner.}}
 +
|-
 +
| <small>99</small>
 +
| {{red|Who Pulls off before you,<br/>Strike him quickly so that he snaps.}}
 +
|-
 +
| <small>100</small>
 +
| {{red|I say truthfully,<br/>No man protects himself without danger.}}
 +
|-
 +
| <small>101</small>
 +
| {{red|If you have understood,<br/>He may not come to strikes.}}
 +
|}
 +
<p>Item, mark, you have heard before how you shall position yourself before the man with the sword in the Four Guards. So you shall now know that the Speaking-Window is a guard wherein you may stand well, and the guard is the Long Point, that is the noblest and best ward with the sword. Who can fence correctly therefrom forces the man therewith so that he must allow striking without thinking, and may therefore not well come to strikes, etc.</p>
 
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| <p>[137] Item, make the Speaking-Window thus: when you go to the man with the pre-fencing with whatever hew you then come on him, be it an Over or an Under-hew, then let the point always shoot-in long from the arms with the hew, to the face or the breast. Therewith you force him so that he must parry or bind on, and when he has bound-on thus, then remain strong with the long edge on the sword, and stand freely and see his manner; what he will fence further. If he pulls backwards from the sword, then follow after him with the point to the face or the breast. Or, if he strikes from the bind around to the other side, then slice him strongly over the arms, and work in above to the head. Or, if he will not pull off nor strike around, then work with the Doubling or such with other techniques thereafter, as you find if he is Strong or Weak on the sword, etc.</p>
 
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−
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| <p>[138] Item, then shall you [make] the Speaking-window, which are two guards from the Long Point, one on the sword, and the other before the man ere when you bind him on his sword or the swords clash together. And it is yet the same, not more than one guard.</p>
 
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| <p>[139] Item, I say truthfully that the Long Point is the best ward on the sword, when therewith you compel the man that he must let you strike, and therefore to no strikes may come. Therefore you shall drive the point in to the man in all stabs and strikes, to the breast or to the face, and further therefrom drive stab and strike.</p>
 
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| <p>[140] Item, mark that is also called a Speaking-Window when you are come close to the man with the pre-fencing. Then set the left foot before, and hold the point long from the arms against the face or the breast ere when you bind him on the sword, and stand joyfully and see what he will fence against you. If he then hews in above, then drive up with the sword and Wind against his hew in the Ox, and stab him to the face. Or, if he hews to the sword and not to the body, then Change-through bravely and stab in to the other side. Or, if he runs in and is high with the arms, then drive the Under-slice; or if he is low with the arms, then await the wrestling. Thus you may drive all techniques from the arms, whichever is best, etc.</p>
 
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| <p>[141] {{red|b=1|The conclusion of the new epitome}}</p>
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{| class="zettel"
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|-
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| <small>102</small>
 +
| {{red|Who drives well, and breaks well,<br/>And finally well accounts,}}
 +
|-
 +
| <small>103</small>
 +
| {{red|And breaks particularly<br/>Each of the Three Wounders,}}
 +
|-
 +
| <small>104</small>
 +
| {{red|Who correctly hangs well,<br/>And brings therewith Winding,}}
 +
|-
 +
| <small>105</small>
 +
| {{red|And the eight Windings<br/>With correct weighing considers.}}
 +
|-
 +
| <small>106</small>
 +
| {{red|And you one<br/>The Windings triple,}}
 +
|-
 +
| <small>107</small>
 +
| {{red|So are they twenty-<br/>And-four pieces only.}}
 +
|-
 +
| <small>108</small>
 +
| {{red|From both sides<br/>Learn eight Windings with steps,}}
 +
|-
 +
| <small>109</small>
 +
| {{red|And prove the driving,<br/>Not more than Soft or Hard.}}
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|}
 
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Revision as of 03:27, 7 July 2016

Jud Lew
Born before ca. 1440s
Died date of death unknown
Occupation Fencing master
Ethnicity Jewish
Movement Liechtenauer Tradition
Genres
Language Early New High German
Principal
manuscript(s)
Manuscript(s)
Concordance by Michael Chidester
Translations Traducción castellano
MS Thott.290.2º 011r.jpg

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This article was last edited by Michael Chidester (talk| contribs) at 03:27, 7 July 2016 (UTC). (Update)

Jud Lew was a 15th century German fencing master. His name signifies that he was Jewish, and some sources state that he was baptized Christian. He seems to have stood in the tradition of Johannes Liechtenauer, though he was not included in Paulus Kal's ca. 1470 list of the members of the Fellowship of Liechtenauer.[1]

Lew is often erroneously credited with authoring the Cod.I.6.4º.3, a compilation of various fencing treatises created in the 1450s. In fact, his name is only associated with a single section of that book, a gloss of Johannes Liechtenauer's Recital on mounted fencing that is a branch of the so-called Pseudo-Peter von Danzig gloss. Though some versions of Martin Huntfeltz's treatise on armored fencing are also attributed to Lew, but this seems to be an error.

Treatises

Early on in its history, the Pseudo-Peter von Danzig gloss seems to have split into two primary branches, and no definite copies of the unaltered original are known to survive. The gloss of Sigmund Schining ain Ringeck also seems to be related to this work, due to the considerable overlap in text and contents, but the exact nature of this relationship is currently unclear.

Branch A, first attested in the Augsburg version (1450s) and comprising the majority of extant copies, has more devices overall than the other branch (particularly in the extensive Salzburg version of 1491) but generally shorter descriptions in areas of overlap. It also includes glosses of Liechtenauer's Recital on long sword and mounted fencing only, and in lieu of a gloss of Liechtenauer's short sword it is generally accompanied by the short sword teachings of Andre Liegniczer and Martin Huntfeltz. Apart from containing the most content, the Salzburg version is notable for including nine paragraphs of text that are not found in any other version of Pseudo-Peter von Danzig, but do appear in Ringeck (and constitute almost 10% of that gloss); this predates all known copies of Ringeck's text, but is another indicator of some connection between the works. Branch A was later used by Johannes Lecküchner as a source when he compiled his own gloss of a Recital on the Messer in the late 1470s.

Branch B, attested first in the Rome version (1452), is found in only four manuscripts; it tends to feature slightly longer descriptions than Branch A, but includes fewer devices overall. Branch B glosses Liechtenauer's entire Recital, including the short sword section, and may therefore be considered more complete than Branch A; it also different from Branch A in that three of the four known copies are illustrated to some extent, where none in the other branch are. The Krakow version (1510-20) seems to be an incomplete (though extensively illustrated) copy taken directly from the Rome,[2] while Augsburg II (1564) is taken from the Krakow but only includes the six illustrated devices of wrestling and their respective captions. Even more anomalous is the Glasgow version, consisting solely of a sizeable fragment of the short sword gloss (hence its assignation to Branch B) which is appended to the opening paragraphs of Ringeck's gloss of the same section; since it accompanies Ringeck's long sword and mounted fencing glosses, a possible explanation is that the scribe lacked a complete copy of Ringeck and tried to fill in the deficit with another similar text.

There is one version of the Pseudo-Peter von Danzig gloss that defies categorization into either branch, namely the Vienna version (included in a 1480 manuscript along with Paulus Kal's work, though Kal's personal level of involvement is unknown). The text of this copy is more consistent with the generally shorter descriptions of Branch A, but the overall contents much more closely align with Branch B, lacking most of the unique devices of Branch A and including the gloss of the short sword. The Vienna version may therefore be a copy of the original gloss before it split into these branches (or it may merely be an odd attempt by a scribe to synthesize the two branches into a single, shorter work).

While Branches A and B were originally presented in a single concordance on the Pseudo-Peter von Danzig page, the differences between them were revealed thereby to be extensive enough that they merit separate consideration. Thus Branch A has been moved here to Jud Lew's page, to whom is seemingly attributed the gloss on mounted fencing, while Branch B has been retained on the page of Pseudo-Danzig. As the Vienna version cannot be cleanly assigned to one branch or the other, it has been omitted for the present.

Temporary break

Temporary break

Additional Resources

References

  1. ↑ The Fellowship of Liechtenauer is recorded in three versions of Paulus Kal's treatise: MS 1825 (1460s), Cgm 1570 (ca. 1470), and MS KK5126 (1480s).
  2. ↑ Zabinski, pp 82-83
  3. ↑ "thereby the hew" omitted from the Salzburg.
  4. ↑ Salzburg: "right-side foot".
  5. ↑ sic : nahent
  6. ↑ sic : rechten
  7. ↑ sic : lonen
  8. ↑ Salzburg: "hew".
  9. ↑ Word omitted from the Salzburg.
  10. ↑ Sentence up to this point omitted from the Augsburg.
  11. ↑ Word omitted from the Augsburg.
  12. ↑ "of the man… of the girdle" omitted from the Salzburg. This omission is probably a scribal error, jumping to the second instance of der gürttell.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 The subsequent play in Salzburg is taken from the gloss of Sigmund ain Ringeck, and is therefore omitted here.
  14. ↑ "To you truthfully" omitted from the Augsburg.
  15. ↑ "of the sword" omitted from the Salzburg.
  16. ↑ Fehlstelle im Manuskript
  17. ↑ "and you bind with… standing on the sword" omitted from the Augsburg.
  18. ↑ Word omitted in the Augsburg.
  19. ↑ "And wind yet… and stab him" omitted from the Augsburg.
  20. ↑ Here Salzburg segues into Sigmund ain Ringeck's gloss of the same verse describing hot the Crooked hew is used as a counter-cut: "This is how you shall cut crooked to the hands, and execute the play thusly: When he cuts from your[sic: his] right side with the over- or under-cut, spring away from the cut with the right foot against him well to his left side, and strike him with outstretched arms with the [point] upon his hands."
  21. ↑ S. "the man"
  22. ↑ "with the short edge" omitted from the Salzburg.
  23. ↑ S. "sword hews".
  24. ↑ S. "the man".
  25. ↑ sic : schwerts
  26. ↑ Sentence omitted from the Augsburg.
  27. ↑ Augsburg just has "protect".
  28. ↑ A. "your"
  29. ↑ Word omitted from the Augsburg.
  30. ↑ Word omitted from the Augsburg.
  31. ↑ Salzburg doubles "schlag".
  32. ↑ "and to the body" omitted from the Salzburg.
  33. ↑ A. treffen, S. griffen.
  34. ↑ S. "the man"
  35. ↑ Word omitted rom the Augsburg.
  36. ↑ "and every" omitted from the Salzburg.
  37. ↑ S. "or"
  38. ↑ A. "on"
  39. ↑ A. "to the"
  40. ↑ A. "to the"
  41. ↑ Word omitted from the Augsburg.
  42. ↑ "and slice" omitted from the Salzburg.
  43. ↑ "if that is what you wish" omitted from the Salzburg.
  44. ↑ sic : deinem
  45. ↑ Word omitted from the Salzburg.
  46. ↑ Word omitted from the Salzburg.
  47. ↑ S. "his"
  48. ↑ A. aber: "yet".
  49. ↑ Word omitted from the Augsburg.
  50. ↑ "and all Winding... are all short" omitted from the Salzburg.
  51. ↑ A. anwind: "wind on".
  52. ↑ S. "the man"
  53. ↑ S. "your"
  54. ↑ Korrigiert aus »Hautt«.
  55. ↑ After this paragraph is a repetition of [59], the Twofold Failer.
  56. ↑ Word omitted from the Salzburg.
  57. ↑ Word omitted from the Augsburg.
  58. ↑ Salzburg: "thrusts your point up".
  59. ↑ Clause omitted from the Augsburg.
  60. ↑ The subsequent two plays in Salzburg are taken from the gloss of Sigmund ain Ringeck, and are therefore omitted here.
  61. ↑ Mittels Einfügezeichen korrigiert aus »siten rechten«
  62. ↑ Word omitted from the Augsburg.
  63. ↑ "that fence from free long hews" omitted from the Salzburg.
  64. ↑ "do not hold" omitted from the Salzburg.
  65. ↑ 65.0 65.1 Disappears into the binding.
  66. ↑ Corrected from 'mit'.
  67. ↑ "and thrust... the right" omitted from the Augsburg. This omission is probably a scribal error, jumping to the second instance of siner rechte~.
  68. ↑ sic : sein rechten bis repetita
  69. ↑ S. "Another wrestling".


Early Germanic Traditions
Common Fencing Johannes Liechtenauer reversed.jpg
Wrestling
Liechtenauer
Tradition
Beringer Verse
Augsburg Tradition
Other Works
Fabris Tradition
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