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| {{red|If he becomes aware,<br/>Take off above without danger.}}
 
| {{red|If he becomes aware,<br/>Take off above without danger.}}
 
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<p>Item, the Wrath-hew with the point breaks all Over-hews and is yet nothing more than a simple peasant strike,<ref>Salzburg: "hew".</ref> and drive that thus. When he hews above from the right side to the head, then hew from your right side<ref>Word omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> also from above with him, likewise wrathfully without any parrying, above onto his sword, and let the point shoot in straight ahead of you to the face or the breast. If he then becomes aware of the point and parries with strength, then tear up over yourself with your sword on his sword’s blade, above off from his sword, and hew in to the other side, on his sword’s blade, again in to the head. That is called taking off above, etc.</p>
+
<p>Item, the Wrath-hew with the point breaks all Over-hews and is yet nothing more than a simple peasant strike,<ref>S. "peasant hew".</ref> and drive that thus. When he hews above from the right side to the head, then hew from your right side<ref name="word-s">Word omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> also from above with him, likewise wrathfully without any parrying, above onto his sword, and let the point shoot in straight ahead of you to the face or the breast. If he then becomes aware of the point and parries with strength, then tear up over yourself with your sword on his sword’s blade, above off from his sword, and hew in to the other side, on his sword’s blade, again in to the head. That is called taking off above, etc.</p>
 
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| <small>36</small>
 
| <small>36</small>
| {{red|Four openings know,<br/>Aim<ref>Word omitted from the Augsburg.</ref> so you strike wisely,}}
+
| {{red|Four openings know,<br/>Aim<ref name="word-a">Word omitted from the Augsburg.</ref> so you strike wisely,}}
 
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|-  
 
| <small>37</small>
 
| <small>37</small>
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| <p>[35] Item, the Mutating to the left side. Or if you hew in from the left side with the long edge bound<ref>Word omitted in the Augsburg.</ref> on his sword, then drive up with the arms and remain with the same edge standing on the sword, and wind yet the short edge over his sword, and drive well up with the arms, and hang the point in above over his sword, and drive well there with the arms, and stab him to the lower opening of his left side.<ref>"And wind yet… and stab him" omitted from the Augsburg.</ref> Thus you may drive the two techniques from all hewing thereafter as you find the Weak and Strong of the sword, etc.</p>
+
| <p>[35] Item, the Mutating to the left side. Or if you hew in from the left side with the long edge bound<ref name="word-a"/> on his sword, then drive up with the arms and remain with the same edge standing on the sword, and wind yet the short edge over his sword, and drive well up with the arms, and hang the point in above over his sword, and drive well there with the arms, and stab him to the lower opening of his left side.<ref>"And wind yet… and stab him" omitted from the Augsburg.</ref> Thus you may drive the two techniques from all hewing thereafter as you find the Weak and Strong of the sword, etc.</p>
 
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| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 013r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
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| {{red|What you well Thwart<br/>With springing endanger the head.}}
 
| {{red|What you well Thwart<br/>With springing endanger the head.}}
 
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<p>Mark, you have heard before how that the Ox and the Plow are named two Liers or two Guards, so are they here called the <ref>Word omitted from the Augsburg.</ref> Four Openings. The Ox, that is the upper two openings on the right and left side of the head. So is the Plow the lower two openings, also the right and the left side, of the lower half of the girdle of the man. And these openings shall you strike with the Thwart in the pre-fencing, seeking all four.</p>
+
<p>Mark, you have heard before how that the Ox and the Plow are named two Liers or two Guards, so are they here called the <ref name="word-a"/> Four Openings. The Ox, that is the upper two openings on the right and left side of the head. So is the Plow the lower two openings, also the right and the left side, of the lower half of the girdle of the man. And these openings shall you strike with the Thwart in the pre-fencing, seeking all four.</p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
  
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| <p>[52] {{red|b=1|Here mark the Thwart strike to the Four Openings, etc.}}</p>
 
| <p>[52] {{red|b=1|Here mark the Thwart strike to the Four Openings, etc.}}</p>
  
<p>Item, when you come to him with the pre-fencing, if he then stands against you in the guard From the Day, then spring with the right foot against him, well on your right side, and strike him with the Thwart above to the Ox on his left side with full art. If he parries you,<ref>Word omitted from the Augsburg.</ref> then strike<ref>Salzburg doubles "schlag".</ref> him quickly below to the Plow on his right side, and then drive the Thwart-strike quickly further, always one to the Ox, the other to the Plow, crosswise from one side to the other, to the head and to the body,<ref>"and to the body" omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> etc.</p>
+
<p>Item, when you come to him with the pre-fencing, if he then stands against you in the guard From the Day, then spring with the right foot against him, well on your right side, and strike him with the Thwart above to the Ox on his left side with full art. If he parries you,<ref name="word-a"/> then strike<ref>Salzburg doubles "schlag".</ref> him quickly below to the Plow on his right side, and then drive the Thwart-strike quickly further, always one to the Ox, the other to the Plow, crosswise from one side to the other, to the head and to the body,<ref>"and to the body" omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> etc.</p>
 
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| <p>[55] Item, drive the Failer thus, when you come to him<ref>S. "the man"</ref> with the pre-fencing, then hew the Under-hews from both sides, you then come on him with a Under-hew from your right side, then shoot in<ref>Word omitted rom the Augsburg.</ref> the point therewith long in to the breast, so he must parry. Then spring quickly with the left foot on his right side, and do as if you will strike him thereto, and pull the hew, and strike quickly around again to the left side. Or, if you come before the left side with the Under-hew on him, then shoot in the point yet long, and drive the driving as it stands before in the nearest description, etc.</p>
+
| <p>[55] Item, drive the Failer thus, when you come to him<ref>S. "the man"</ref> with the pre-fencing, then hew the Under-hews from both sides, you then come on him with a Under-hew from your right side, then shoot in<ref name="word-a"/> the point therewith long in to the breast, so he must parry. Then spring quickly with the left foot on his right side, and do as if you will strike him thereto, and pull the hew, and strike quickly around again to the left side. Or, if you come before the left side with the Under-hew on him, then shoot in the point yet long, and drive the driving as it stands before in the nearest description, etc.</p>
 
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| {{red|Twofold further,<br/>Step in left and be not lax.}}
 
| {{red|Twofold further,<br/>Step in left and be not lax.}}
 
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<p>Mark, this is called the Twofold Failer, and drive it thus: When you come to him with the pre-fencing, then set the left foot before and hold your sword on the right shoulder, and when you see that he is even to you, then spring against him well out with the right foot on your right side, and do as if you will hew him with a free Thwart strike to his left side to his<ref>A. "to the"</ref> head, and pull the hew, and spring with the left foot well around him to his right side, and strike him with the Thwart to his<ref>A. "to the"</ref> head. If he parries you<ref>Word omitted from the Augsburg.</ref> and you hit his sword, then step away to the same side near him, and slice him behind his sword's blade with the short edge with the Doubling in the mouth. Or fall in with the sword over both arms and slice.<ref>"and slice" omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> Drive that to both sides. You may also likewise drive the Failer from the Over-hew as from the Thwart strike, if that is what you wish, etc.<ref>"if that is what you wish" omitted from the Salzburg.</ref></p>
+
<p>Mark, this is called the Twofold Failer, and drive it thus: When you come to him with the pre-fencing, then set the left foot before and hold your sword on the right shoulder, and when you see that he is even to you, then spring against him well out with the right foot on your right side, and do as if you will hew him with a free Thwart strike to his left side to his<ref>A. "to the"</ref> head, and pull the hew, and spring with the left foot well around him to his right side, and strike him with the Thwart to his<ref>A. "to the"</ref> head. If he parries you<ref name="word-a"/> and you hit his sword, then step away to the same side near him, and slice him behind his sword's blade with the short edge with the Doubling in the mouth. Or fall in with the sword over both arms and slice.<ref>"and slice" omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> Drive that to both sides. You may also likewise drive the Failer from the Over-hew as from the Thwart strike, if that is what you wish, etc.<ref>"if that is what you wish" omitted from the Salzburg.</ref></p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
  
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| {{red|Who threatens to Change,<br/>Squinter robs him therefrom.}}
 
| {{red|Who threatens to Change,<br/>Squinter robs him therefrom.}}
 
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|}
<p>Know the Squinter is a strange, good, serious<ref>Word omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> technique, when it breaks one with power with hew and with stab, and goes ahead with inverted sword. Therefore many masters of the sword know nothing to say of the hew. And also [it breaks] the guard that is called the Plow.</p>
+
<p>Know the Squinter is a strange, good, serious<ref name="word-s"/> technique, when it breaks one with power with hew and with stab, and goes ahead with inverted sword. Therefore many masters of the sword know nothing to say of the hew. And also [it breaks] the guard that is called the Plow.</p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
  
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| <p>[62] '''Item, another technique:'''</p>
 
| <p>[62] '''Item, another technique:'''</p>
  
<p>When you stand against him and hold your sword on your right shoulder, if he then stands against you in the guard of the Plow and threatens to stab you below, then hew him<ref>Word omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> with the Squinter, with the short edge long in above, and shoot in the point to his face or breast, so he may not reach you below with the stab, etc.</p>
+
<p>When you stand against him and hold your sword on your right shoulder, if he then stands against you in the guard of the Plow and threatens to stab you below, then hew him<ref name="word-s"/> with the Squinter, with the short edge long in above, and shoot in the point to his face or breast, so he may not reach you below with the stab, etc.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 023r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 023r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 025v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 025v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
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| {{red|Squint that he is short on you,<br/>Changing-through defeats him.}}
 
| {{red|Squint that he is short on you,<br/>Changing-through defeats him.}}
 
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<p>This is a lesson, when you go ahead with the pre-fencing, then you shall squint with your face or see if he fights you short, and the shortening of the sword is undertaken thus: When he does not lengthen the arms with the<ref>S. "his"</ref> hew, then he is shortened. If you lie in the guard Fool,<ref>A. ''aber'': "yet".</ref> if he will fall fall thereon with the sword, so he<ref>Word omitted from the Augsburg.</ref> is but shortened. If he fights against you from the Ox or from the Plow, that is also short, and all Winding before the man, they are all short,<ref>"and all Winding... are all short" omitted from the Salzburg.</ref>  and such fencers shall you then Change-through. Therewith you compel them that they must parry, so then you may freely hew and work with the sword, and also with wrestling, etc.</p>
+
<p>This is a lesson, when you go ahead with the pre-fencing, then you shall squint with your face or see if he fights you short, and the shortening of the sword is undertaken thus: When he does not lengthen the arms with the<ref>S. "his"</ref> hew, then he is shortened. If you lie in the guard Fool,<ref>A. ''aber'': "yet".</ref> if he will fall fall thereon with the sword, so he<ref name="word-a"/> is but shortened. If he fights against you from the Ox or from the Plow, that is also short, and all Winding before the man, they are all short,<ref>"and all Winding... are all short" omitted from the Salzburg.</ref>  and such fencers shall you then Change-through. Therewith you compel them that they must parry, so then you may freely hew and work with the sword, and also with wrestling, etc.</p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
  
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| <p>[70] Item, drive the Parter thus: When you come to him with the pre-fencing, if he lies then<ref>Word omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> in the guard Fool, then set the left foot forward and hold your sword with outstretched arms high over your head in the guard From the Tag, and spring to him with the right foot, and hew with the long edge strongly down from above, and remain high with the arms and sink in the point below you to his face or breast. If he then parries with the Crown, thus that the point and the one<ref>Word omitted from the Augsburg.</ref> hilt on his sword both stand over him, and drives up therewith and thrusts your point over you,<ref>Salzburg: "thrusts your point up".</ref> then turn your sword under through his Crown with the edge in his arm, and Press so the Crown is again broken, and with the Pressing take the edge and therewith pull yourself off, and step near to him when he again parries.<ref>Clause omitted from the Augsburg.</ref><ref name="Ringeck"/></p>
+
| <p>[70] Item, drive the Parter thus: When you come to him with the pre-fencing, if he lies then<ref name="word-s"/> in the guard Fool, then set the left foot forward and hold your sword with outstretched arms high over your head in the guard From the Tag, and spring to him with the right foot, and hew with the long edge strongly down from above, and remain high with the arms and sink in the point below you to his face or breast. If he then parries with the Crown, thus that the point and the one<ref name="word-a"/> hilt on his sword both stand over him, and drives up therewith and thrusts your point over you,<ref>S. "thrusts your point up".</ref> then turn your sword under through his Crown with the edge in his arm, and Press so the Crown is again broken, and with the Pressing take the edge and therewith pull yourself off, and step near to him when he again parries.<ref>Clause omitted from the Augsburg.</ref><ref name="Ringeck"/></p>
 
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| <p>[75]</p>
 
| <p>[75]</p>
  
<p>Item, the second guard is called the Plow. Position yourself with<ref>Word omitted from the Salzburg</ref> it thus: set the left foot before and hold your sword with crossed hands under you on your right side, with the pommel near your right hip, so that the short edge is above and the point stands before you against the face of the man, etc.</p>
+
<p>Item, the second guard is called the Plow. Position yourself with<ref name="word-s"/> it thus: set the left foot before and hold your sword with crossed hands under you on your right side, with the pommel near your right hip, so that the short edge is above and the point stands before you against the face of the man, etc.</p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
  
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| <p>[77]</p>
 
| <p>[77]</p>
  
<p>Item, the third guard is called the<ref>Word omitted from the Augsburg.</ref> Fool. And position yourself with<ref>Word omitted from the Salzburg</ref> it thus: set the left foot in front and hold your sword with stretched arms before you with the point on the earth, and so that the short edge is above, etc.</p>
+
<p>Item, the third guard is called the<ref name="word-a"/> Fool. And position yourself with<ref name="word-s"/> it thus: set the left foot in front and hold your sword with stretched arms before you with the point on the earth, and so that the short edge is above, etc.</p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
  
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| <p>[82] The third, that<ref>Word omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> is the Squinter-hew, that breaks the guard of the Plow.</p>
+
| <p>[82] The third, that<ref name="word-s"/> is the Squinter-hew, that breaks the guard of the Plow.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 030r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 030r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 030r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 030r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
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| <p>[83] The fourth is the Part-hew, that breaks the guard that is called the<ref>Word omitted from the Augsburg.</ref> Fool.</p>
+
| <p>[83] The fourth is the Part-hew, that breaks the guard that is called the<ref name="word-a"/> Fool.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 030r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 030r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 030r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 030r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
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|-  
 
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|  
| <p>[93] Item, or if he hews to you up from below from his left side, then shoot the point long in to the lower opening of his right side, and see the Setting-on therewith always. If he becomes aware of the shooting in and parries, then remain with the sword on his, and work quickly there<ref>Word omitted from the Salzburg</ref> to the nearest opening, etc.</p>
+
| <p>[93] Item, or if he hews to you up from below from his left side, then shoot the point long in to the lower opening of his right side, and see the Setting-on therewith always. If he becomes aware of the shooting in and parries, then remain with the sword on his, and work quickly there<ref name="word-s"/> to the nearest opening, etc.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 032r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 032r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 031v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 031v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
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| {{red|And test the driving<br/>If they are Soft or Hard.}}
 
| {{red|And test the driving<br/>If they are Soft or Hard.}}
 
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|}
<p>Item, mark the Traveling-after is many<ref>Word omitted from the Augsburg.</ref> and multiple, and pertains to driving with great prudence against the fencers that fence from free long hews,<ref>"that fence from free long hews" omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> and otherwise do not hold<ref>"do not hold" omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> the right Art of the Sword, etc.</p>
+
<p>Item, mark the Traveling-after is many<ref name="word-a"/> and multiple, and pertains to driving with great prudence against the fencers that fence from free long hews,<ref>"that fence from free long hews" omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> and otherwise do not hold<ref>"do not hold" omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> the right Art of the Sword, etc.</p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
  
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| <p>[96] '''Item, the first technique from the Traveling-after'''</p>
 
| <p>[96] '''Item, the first technique from the Traveling-after'''</p>
  
<p>drive that thus: When you come to him with the pre-fencing, then set the left foot forward and stand in the guard From the Day, and see well even what he fences against you. If he then hews in<ref>Word omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> long from his right shoulder, then do not parry him, and wait that he does not reach you with the hew. Then mark while his sword goes below you against the earth, then spring to him<ref>"to him" omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> with the right foot, and hew him above in to the opening of his right side before when he comes up again. So he is struck, etc.</p>
+
<p>drive that thus: When you come to him with the pre-fencing, then set the left foot forward and stand in the guard From the Day, and see well even what he fences against you. If he then hews in<ref name="word-s"/> long from his right shoulder, then do not parry him, and wait that he does not reach you with the hew. Then mark while his sword goes below you against the earth, then spring to him<ref>"to him" omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> with the right foot, and hew him above in to the opening of his right side before when he comes up again. So he is struck, etc.</p>
 
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{{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 032v.jpg|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 033r.jpg|1|lbl=33r|p=1}}
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| <p>[98] '''Item, yet another technique.'''</p>
 
| <p>[98] '''Item, yet another technique.'''</p>
  
<p>When he hews before you and you hew after him, if you then bind on his sword against<ref>Word omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> his left side, and he then strikes quickly around with the Thwart<ref>S. ''were'': "weapon".</ref> from the parrying to your right side, then come in Meanwhile with the Thwart ahead before under his sword against his left side on his neck. Or, spring with the left foot on his right side<ref>"on his neck... on his right side" omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> and hew after his hew to the right side. Or, drive the slice in over his arm to the head, etc.</p>
+
<p>When he hews before you and you hew after him, if you then bind on his sword against<ref name="word-s"/> his left side, and he then strikes quickly around with the Thwart<ref>S. ''were'': "weapon".</ref> from the parrying to your right side, then come in Meanwhile with the Thwart ahead before under his sword against his left side on his neck. Or, spring with the left foot on his right side<ref>"on his neck... on his right side" omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> and hew after his hew to the right side. Or, drive the slice in over his arm to the head, etc.</p>
 
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{{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 033v.jpg|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 034r.jpg|1|lbl=34r|p=1}}
Line 2,052: Line 2,052:
 
| {{red|The Feeling learn.<br/>Meanwhile, that slices sorely.}}
 
| {{red|The Feeling learn.<br/>Meanwhile, that slices sorely.}}
 
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<p>Know that, on<ref>A. "in"</ref> the sword, the Feeling<ref>Salzburg doubles "the feeling".</ref> and the word Meanwhile is the greatest Art. And who is a Master of the Sword, or wants to be, and<ref>Word omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> he cannot Feel and cannot undertake<ref>"Feel and cannot undertake" omitted from the Salzburg. This is probably a scribal error, jumping from one instance of ''nicht'' to the next.</ref> the word Meanwhile, so is he not a Master; he is a Buffalo of the Sword. Therefore you shall before all things learn the word Meanwhile and the Feeling well.</p>
+
<p>Know that, on<ref>A. "in"</ref> the sword, the Feeling<ref>Salzburg doubles "the feeling".</ref> and the word Meanwhile is the greatest Art. And who is a Master of the Sword, or wants to be, and<ref name="word-s"/> he cannot Feel and cannot undertake<ref>"Feel and cannot undertake" omitted from the Salzburg. This is probably a scribal error, jumping from one instance of ''nicht'' to the next.</ref> the word Meanwhile, so is he not a Master; he is a Buffalo of the Sword. Therefore you shall before all things learn the word Meanwhile and the Feeling well.</p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
  
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[102] Mark<ref>S. "work".</ref> the Feeling thus: When you come with him to the pre-fencing, and one binds the other on the sword, then Meanwhile, as the sword clash together, you shall Feel with the hand if he has bound on Soft or Hard. And as quickly as you Feel<ref>S. ''entphindest'': perceive.</ref> Soft or Hard, then think on the word Meanwhile, that is, that you shall work quickly with the sword in the Feeling, so he becomes struck ere<ref>S. "ere when".</ref> you are.</p>
+
| <p>[102] Mark<ref>S. "work".</ref> the Feeling thus: When you come with him to the pre-fencing, and one binds the other on the sword, then Meanwhile, as the sword clash together, you shall Feel with the hand if he has bound on Soft or Hard. And as quickly as you Feel<ref>S. ''entphindest'': "perceive".</ref> Soft or Hard, then think on the word Meanwhile, that is, that you shall work quickly with the sword in the Feeling, so he becomes struck ere<ref>S. "ere when".</ref> you are.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 035r.jpg|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 035v.jpg|1|lbl=35v|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 035r.jpg|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 035v.jpg|1|lbl=35v|p=1}}
Line 2,115: Line 2,115:
 
| {{red|Travel-after twofold.<br/>Make with the Old Slice.}}
 
| {{red|Travel-after twofold.<br/>Make with the Old Slice.}}
 
|}
 
|}
<p>This is that you shall drive the Traveling-after to both sides, and also<ref>Word omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> bring the slice therein, and undertake that thus: When he hews before you, be it from the right side or from the left side,<ref>S. "right or left side".</ref> then hew in cheerfully after the opening. If he then drives up and binds you below on the sword, then mark as quickly as one sword on the other clashes, then fall in Meanwhile with the long edge in his arm, and press with the edge downwards, or slice him after the mouth, etc.</p>
+
<p>This is that you shall drive the Traveling-after to both sides, and also<ref name="word-s"/> bring the slice therein, and undertake that thus: When he hews before you, be it from the right side or from the left side,<ref>S. "right or left side".</ref> then hew in cheerfully after the opening. If he then drives up and binds you below on the sword, then mark as quickly as one sword on the other clashes, then fall in Meanwhile with the long edge in his arm, and press with the edge downwards, or slice him after the mouth, etc.</p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
  
Line 2,149: Line 2,149:
 
| {{red|Make your work,<br/>Or press twofold.}}
 
| {{red|Make your work,<br/>Or press twofold.}}
 
|}
 
|}
<p>This is how you shall Over-run him when one fights to you from<ref>Word omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> below, undertake that thus. When you come to him with the pre-fencing, if he then hews below to you, do not parry that, but mark when when his Under-hew goes against you, then hew him from your right shoulder long from above and shoot in the point long to his face or to<ref>Word omitted from the Augsburg.</ref> the breast, and set on him so that he cannot reach you below. And if he then drives up from below and parries, then remain with the long edge strong on the sword, and work quickly to the nearest opening, etc.</p>
+
<p>This is how you shall Over-run him when one fights to you from<ref name="word-s"/> below, undertake that thus. When you come to him with the pre-fencing, if he then hews below to you, do not parry that, but mark when when his Under-hew goes against you, then hew him from your right shoulder long from above and shoot in the point long to his face or to<ref name="word-a"/> the breast, and set on him so that he cannot reach you below. And if he then drives up from below and parries, then remain with the long edge strong on the sword, and work quickly to the nearest opening, etc.</p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
  
Line 2,189: Line 2,189:
 
| {{red|From both sides,<br/>Hit all, if you will step.}}
 
| {{red|From both sides,<br/>Hit all, if you will step.}}
 
|}
 
|}
<p>Item, mark when you come to him with the pre-fencing, if he then stands against you as if he will stab, then set your left foot forward and lay yourself against him in the Plow to your right side, and give an opening with your left. If he then stabs to the opening, then Wind with your sword on your left side against his stab, the short edge on his sword, and set it therewith off, that<ref>Word omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> your point remains thus<ref>Word omitted from the Augsburg.</ref> standing against him, and step to him with<ref>Word omitted from the Augsburg.</ref> the right foot and stab him Meanwhile to the face or to<ref>Word omitted from the Augsburg.</ref> the breast, etc.</p>
+
<p>Item, mark when you come to him with the pre-fencing, if he then stands against you as if he will stab, then set your left foot forward and lay yourself against him in the Plow to your right side, and give an opening with your left. If he then stabs to the opening, then Wind with your sword on your left side against his stab, the short edge on his sword, and set it therewith off, that<ref name="word-s"/> your point remains thus<ref name="word-a"/> standing against him, and step to him with<ref name="word-a"/> the right foot and stab him Meanwhile to the face or to<ref name="word-a"/> the breast, etc.</p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
  
Line 2,208: Line 2,208:
 
| <p>[108] '''Item, another technique.'''</p>
 
| <p>[108] '''Item, another technique.'''</p>
  
<p>When you stand to your right side in the Plow, if he then hews to your left side<ref>Word omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> above to the opening, then drive up with the sword and Wind therewith on your left side against his hew, the hilt before the head in the Ox, and step ahead therewith with the right foot, and stab in to the face or the<ref>Word omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> breast. And drive the technique from the left side also from the Plow, etc.</p>
+
<p>When you stand to your right side in the Plow, if he then hews to your left side<ref name="word-s"/> above to the opening, then drive up with the sword and Wind therewith on your left side against his hew, the hilt before the head in the Ox, and step ahead therewith with the right foot, and stab in to the face or the<ref name="word-s"/> breast. And drive the technique from the left side also from the Plow, etc.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 038r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 038r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 035r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 035r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
Line 2,272: Line 2,272:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[112] Item, drive the Changing-through thus. When you come to him with the pre-fencing, then hew in long above<ref>Word omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> to the head. If he then hews against your sword and not to your body, then with the hew let your point whisk through below, before he binds you<ref>Word omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> on the sword, and stab him to the other side. If he then becomes aware of the stab and drives with the sword quickly after the stab with parrying, then Change-though yet to the other side, and drive then always when he drives after your sword with the parrying to both sides, etc.</p>
+
| <p>[112] Item, drive the Changing-through thus. When you come to him with the pre-fencing, then hew in long above<ref name="word-s"/> to the head. If he then hews against your sword and not to your body, then with the hew let your point whisk through below, before he binds you<ref name="word-s"/> on the sword, and stab him to the other side. If he then becomes aware of the stab and drives with the sword quickly after the stab with parrying, then Change-though yet to the other side, and drive then always when he drives after your sword with the parrying to both sides, etc.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 039r.jpg|1|lbl=39r}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 039r.jpg|1|lbl=39r}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 035v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 035v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
Line 2,301: Line 2,301:
 
| <p>[114] '''Item, this technique mark very evenly.'''</p>
 
| <p>[114] '''Item, this technique mark very evenly.'''</p>
  
<p>When he has parried you or has bound otherwise on your sword, if on your sword he then holds his point not against the opening of your body, and lets it go on the side near beside you,<ref>Word omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> then Change-through under<ref>Word omitted from the Augsburg.</ref> him boldly. Or, if he remains with the point before the face, or<ref>Word omitted from the Salzburg</ref> against the opening, then do not Change-through, and remain on the sword, and work therewith to his next opening; so he may not Travel-after or Set-on you.</p>
+
<p>When he has parried you or has bound otherwise on your sword, if on your sword he then holds his point not against the opening of your body, and lets it go on the side near beside you,<ref name="word-s"/> then Change-through under<ref name="word-a"/> him boldly. Or, if he remains with the point before the face, or<ref name="word-s"/> against the opening, then do not Change-through, and remain on the sword, and work therewith to his next opening; so he may not Travel-after or Set-on you.</p>
 
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|  
 
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{{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 039v.jpg|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 040r.jpg|1|lbl=40r|p=1}}
Line 2,349: Line 2,349:
 
| <p>[116] '''Item, another Pulling'''<ref>S. "Technique".</ref></p>
 
| <p>[116] '''Item, another Pulling'''<ref>S. "Technique".</ref></p>
  
<p>When he has bound on your sword, if he then stands against you on the sword and waits if you will withdraw from the sword, then do as if you will Pull, and remain on the sword and Pull your sword on you as far as half the blade, and stab in quickly again into the face or the breast. If you do not then<ref>Word omitted from the Augsburg.</ref> hit him correctly with the stab, then work with the Doubling, or otherwise with other techniques which are best.</p>
+
<p>When he has bound on your sword, if he then stands against you on the sword and waits if you will withdraw from the sword, then do as if you will Pull, and remain on the sword and Pull your sword on you as far as half the blade, and stab in quickly again into the face or the breast. If you do not then<ref name="word-a"/> hit him correctly with the stab, then work with the Doubling, or otherwise with other techniques which are best.</p>
 
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|  
 
{{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 040v.jpg|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 041r.jpg|1|lbl=41r|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 040v.jpg|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 041r.jpg|1|lbl=41r|p=1}}
Line 2,375: Line 2,375:
 
<p><br/></p>
 
<p><br/></p>
  
<p>Mark,<ref>A. "Item".</ref> the Running-through and the wrestling pertains to driving against the masters that like to run in, and drive that thus. When he parries you, and therewith<ref>Word omitted from the Augsburg.</ref> drives high up with the arms and runs in on you, and will overwhelm you with strength above, then drive up with the arms and hold your sword over your head with the left hand by the pommel, and let the blade hang low behind over your back, and Run-through the arm against<ref>Word omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> his right<ref>Word doubled in the Augsburg.</ref> side with the head, and spring with the right foot behind his right, and with the spring drive in with the right arm against<ref>Word omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> his left side, well around the body, and grasp him thus on your right hip, and throw him down before you on his head, etc.</p>
+
<p>Mark,<ref>A. "Item".</ref> the Running-through and the wrestling pertains to driving against the masters that like to run in, and drive that thus. When he parries you, and therewith<ref name="word-a"/> drives high up with the arms and runs in on you, and will overwhelm you with strength above, then drive up with the arms and hold your sword over your head with the left hand by the pommel, and let the blade hang low behind over your back, and Run-through the arm against<ref name="word-s"/> his right<ref>Word doubled in the Augsburg.</ref> side with the head, and spring with the right foot behind his right, and with the spring drive in with the right arm against<ref name="word-s"/> his left side, well around the body, and grasp him thus on your right hip, and throw him down before you on his head, etc.</p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
  
Line 2,411: Line 2,411:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[119] '''Item, yet<ref>Word omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> another wrestling.'''</p>
+
| <p>[119] '''Item, yet<ref name="word-s"/> another wrestling.'''</p>
  
<p>When he runs in on you to your right side<ref>Word omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> and is high with the arms, and you also, then hold your sword in your right<ref>Word omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> hand and thrust therewith his arm from you, and spring with your left foot in-front before his right, and drive in with the left arm well around behind the body, and sink down a little, and grasp him on your left hip, and throw him before you<ref>"before you" omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> on the face, etc.</p>
+
<p>When he runs in on you to your right side<ref name="word-s"/> and is high with the arms, and you also, then hold your sword in your right<ref name="word-s"/> hand and thrust therewith his arm from you, and spring with your left foot in-front before his right, and drive in with the left arm well around behind the body, and sink down a little, and grasp him on your left hip, and throw him before you<ref>"before you" omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> on the face, etc.</p>
 
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|  
 
{{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 042r.jpg|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 042v.jpg|1|lbl=42v|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 042r.jpg|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 042v.jpg|1|lbl=42v|p=1}}
Line 2,427: Line 2,427:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[120] '''Item, yet another<ref>Word omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> wrestling.'''</p>
+
| <p>[120] '''Item, yet another<ref name="word-s"/> wrestling.'''</p>
  
 
<p>When he runs in on you and is high with the arms, and you also, then you shall hold your sword in your right hand, and then thrust his arm therewith from you and spring with the left foot behind his right, and drive with the left arm below through before his breast, in his left side, and grasp him on your left hip, and throw him behind you. Drive these two wrestlings also to both sides, etc.</p>
 
<p>When he runs in on you and is high with the arms, and you also, then you shall hold your sword in your right hand, and then thrust his arm therewith from you and spring with the left foot behind his right, and drive with the left arm below through before his breast, in his left side, and grasp him on your left hip, and throw him behind you. Drive these two wrestlings also to both sides, etc.</p>
Line 2,454: Line 2,454:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[122] Item, when he runs in on you with the sword and holds his hands low, then invert your left hand and grip therewith his right, inwardly between both his hands, and jerk<ref>S. ''dring''.</ref> therewith on your left side, and with the right strike him with the sword over the head. Or if you will not strike him, then spring with the right foot behind his left and drive in with the right arm in front or behind around the neck, and thus<ref>Word omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> throw him over your right knee, etc.</p>
+
| <p>[122] Item, when he runs in on you with the sword and holds his hands low, then invert your left hand and grip therewith his right, inwardly between both his hands, and jerk<ref>S. ''dring''.</ref> therewith on your left side, and with the right strike him with the sword over the head. Or if you will not strike him, then spring with the right foot behind his left and drive in with the right arm in front or behind around the neck, and thus<ref name="word-s"/> throw him over your right knee, etc.</p>
 
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{{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 043r.jpg|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 043v.jpg|1|lbl=43v|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 043r.jpg|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 043v.jpg|1|lbl=43v|p=1}}
Line 2,539: Line 2,539:
 
| <p>[127] '''Item, another.'''<ref>S. "Another wrestling".</ref></p>
 
| <p>[127] '''Item, another.'''<ref>S. "Another wrestling".</ref></p>
  
<p>When you fight to his body<ref>A. "him".</ref> with Under-hewing, or lie in the guard Fool, if he then<ref>Word omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> falls with the sword on yours near by the hilt so that his point goes out to your<ref>A. "his".</ref> right side, then drive quickly up with the pommel over his sword, and strike him with the long edge to the head. Or, if he binds on your sword to your left side, then drive agilely up with the pommel over his sword and strike him with the short edge to the head. And that is called the Snapping or the Speeding, etc.</p>
+
<p>When you fight to his body<ref>A. "him".</ref> with Under-hewing, or lie in the guard Fool, if he then<ref name="word-s"/> falls with the sword on yours near by the hilt so that his point goes out to your<ref>A. "his".</ref> right side, then drive quickly up with the pommel over his sword, and strike him with the long edge to the head. Or, if he binds on your sword to your left side, then drive agilely up with the pommel over his sword and strike him with the short edge to the head. And that is called the Snapping or the Speeding, etc.</p>
 
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{{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 045r.jpg|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 045v.jpg|1|lbl=45v|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 045r.jpg|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 045v.jpg|1|lbl=45v|p=1}}
Line 2,559: Line 2,559:
 
| {{red|Four are the Slices,<br/>Two below, with two above.}}
 
| {{red|Four are the Slices,<br/>Two below, with two above.}}
 
|}
 
|}
<p>Item,<ref>Word omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> mark the Four Slices. The first are the two Overs that pertain to driving against the fencers that like striking around to the other side from the parrying or from the bind of the swords. And counter that<ref>Word omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> before with the slice thus: when he binds on your sword with the parrying or such to your left side, and strikes therewith quickly around with the Thwart<ref>S. "weapon".</ref> or such to your right side, then spring from the hew with the left foot on his<ref>S. "your".</ref> right side and fall in with the long edge above over both arms, and press with the slice from you. You shall drive that from both sides, always when he strikes around from the parrying, etc.</p>
+
<p>Item,<ref name="word-s"/> mark the Four Slices. The first are the two Overs that pertain to driving against the fencers that like striking around to the other side from the parrying or from the bind of the swords. And counter that<ref name="word-s"/> before with the slice thus: when he binds on your sword with the parrying or such to your left side, and strikes therewith quickly around with the Thwart<ref>S. "weapon".</ref> or such to your right side, then spring from the hew with the left foot on his<ref>S. "your".</ref> right side and fall in with the long edge above over both arms, and press with the slice from you. You shall drive that from both sides, always when he strikes around from the parrying, etc.</p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
  
Line 2,712: Line 2,712:
 
| {{red|If you have understood,<br/>He may not come to strikes.}}
 
| {{red|If you have understood,<br/>He may not come to strikes.}}
 
|}
 
|}
<p>Item, mark, you have heard before how you shall position yourself before the man with the sword in the Four Guards. So you shall now know that the Speaking-Window is a guard wherein you may stand well, and the guard is the Long Point, that is the noblest and the<ref>Word omitted from the Augsburg.</ref> best ward with the sword. Who can fence correctly therefrom forces the man therewith so that he must allow striking without thinking, and may therefore not well come to strikes, etc.</p>
+
<p>Item, mark, you have heard before how you shall position yourself before the man with the sword in the Four Guards. So you shall now know that the Speaking-Window is a guard wherein you may stand well, and the guard is the Long Point, that is the noblest and the<ref name="word-a"/> best ward with the sword. Who can fence correctly therefrom forces the man therewith so that he must allow striking without thinking, and may therefore not well come to strikes, etc.</p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
  
Line 2,730: Line 2,730:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[137] Item, make the Speaking-Window thus: when you go to the man with the pre-fencing with whatever hew you then come on him, be it an Over or an Under-hew,<ref>S. "be it an Over-/Under-hew".</ref> then let the point always shoot-in long from the arms with the hew, to the face or the<ref>Word omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> breast. Therewith you force him so that he must parry or bind on, and when he has bound-on thus, then remain strong with the long edge on the sword, and stand freely and see his manner; what he will fence further. If he pulls backwards from the sword, then follow after him with the point to the face or the<ref>Word omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> breast. Or, if he strikes from the bind around to the other side, then slice him strongly over the arms, and work in above to the head. Or, if he will not pull off nor strike around, then work with the Doubling or such with other techniques thereafter, as you find if he is Strong or Weak on the sword, etc.</p>
+
| <p>[137] Item, make the Speaking-Window thus: when you go to the man with the pre-fencing with whatever hew you then come on him, be it an Over or an Under-hew,<ref>S. "be it an Over-/Under-hew".</ref> then let the point always shoot-in long from the arms with the hew, to the face or the<ref name="word-s"/> breast. Therewith you force him so that he must parry or bind on, and when he has bound-on thus, then remain strong with the long edge on the sword, and stand freely and see his manner; what he will fence further. If he pulls backwards from the sword, then follow after him with the point to the face or the<ref name="word-s"/> breast. Or, if he strikes from the bind around to the other side, then slice him strongly over the arms, and work in above to the head. Or, if he will not pull off nor strike around, then work with the Doubling or such with other techniques thereafter, as you find if he is Strong or Weak on the sword, etc.</p>
 
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{{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 049r.jpg|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 049v.jpg|1|lbl=49v|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 049r.jpg|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 049v.jpg|1|lbl=49v|p=1}}
Line 2,770: Line 2,770:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[140] Item, mark that is also<ref>Word omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> called a Speaking-Window when you are<ref>Word omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> come close<ref>Word omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> to the man with the pre-fencing. Then set the left foot before, and hold the point long from the arms against the face or the breast ere when you bind him on the sword, and stand joyfully and see what he will fence against you. If he then hews in above, then drive up with the sword and Wind against his hew in the Ox, and stab him to the face. Or, if he hews to the sword and not to the body, then Change-through bravely and stab in to the other side. Or, if he runs in and is high with the arms, then drive the Under-slice; or if he is low with the arms, then await the wrestling. Thus you may drive all techniques from the arms, whichever is best, etc.</p>
+
| <p>[140] Item, mark that is also<ref name="word-s"/> called a Speaking-Window when you are<ref name="word-s"/> come close<ref name="word-s"/> to the man with the pre-fencing. Then set the left foot before, and hold the point long from the arms against the face or the breast ere when you bind him on the sword, and stand joyfully and see what he will fence against you. If he then hews in above, then drive up with the sword and Wind against his hew in the Ox, and stab him to the face. Or, if he hews to the sword and not to the body, then Change-through bravely and stab in to the other side. Or, if he runs in and is high with the arms, then drive the Under-slice; or if he is low with the arms, then await the wrestling. Thus you may drive all techniques from the arms, whichever is best, etc.</p>
 
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{{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 050r.jpg|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 050v.jpg|1|lbl=50v|p=1}}
 
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Line 2,822: Line 2,822:
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.93 111v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}}<br/>{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.93 112r.png|1|lbl=112r|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.93 111v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}}<br/>{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.93 112r.png|1|lbl=112r|p=1}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10825 089r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10825 089r.png|2|lbl=-}}
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Line 2,830: Line 2,829:
 
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| <p>[142] Item, here<ref>Word omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> mark how you shall drive the Eight Windings from the Four Hangings. The first Over-Hanging has two Windings, drive that thus. When you come to him<ref>S. "the man".</ref> with the pre-fencing, then stand on your right side in the Ox. If he then hews in<ref>Word omitted from the Augsburg.</ref> above in to your left side, then Wind against his hew, the short edge on his sword, yet in Ox, and stab him above in to the face. That is the Winding-in. If he sets the stab off to<ref>S. "against".</ref> his left side, then remain on the sword, and Wind again on your right side in the Ox, the long edge on his sword, and stab him above in to the face. That is one Hanging from your right side with two Windings on his sword.</p>
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| <p>[142] Item, here<ref name="word-s"/> mark how you shall drive the Eight Windings from the Four Hangings. The first Over-Hanging has two Windings, drive that thus. When you come to him<ref>S. "the man".</ref> with the pre-fencing, then stand on your right side in the Ox. If he then hews in<ref name="word-a"/> above in to your left side, then Wind against his hew, the short edge on his sword, yet in Ox, and stab him above in to the face. That is the Winding-in. If he sets the stab off to<ref>S. "against".</ref> his left side, then remain on the sword, and Wind again on your right side in the Ox, the long edge on his sword, and stab him above in to the face. That is one Hanging from your right side with two Windings on his sword.</p>
 
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| <p>[144] Item, Now you shall know that from the two Under Hangings, that is the Plow from both sides, you shall also drive Four Windings with all your drivings, as from the Overs. These are the Eight Windings. And as often as you Wind, then think in each single Wind particularly on the hew, and<ref>Word omitted in the Salzburg.</ref> on the stab, and on the slice. Thus come from the Eight Windings twenty-four, and from whatever Winding, and against whatever technique, and against whatever hew you shall drive the hew, or the stab, or the slice. You find all that described before in the techniques,<ref>"in the techniques" omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> etc.</p>
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| <p>[144] Item, Now you shall know that from the two Under Hangings, that is the Plow from both sides, you shall also drive Four Windings with all your drivings, as from the Overs. These are the Eight Windings. And as often as you Wind, then think in each single Wind particularly on the hew, and<ref name="word-s"/> on the stab, and on the slice. Thus come from the Eight Windings twenty-four, and from whatever Winding, and against whatever technique, and against whatever hew you shall drive the hew, or the stab, or the slice. You find all that described before in the techniques,<ref>"in the techniques" omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> etc.</p>
 
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Revision as of 00:36, 10 July 2016

Jud Lew
Born before ca. 1440s
Died date of death unknown
Occupation Fencing master
Ethnicity Jewish
Movement Liechtenauer Tradition
Genres
Language Early New High German
Principal
manuscript(s)
Manuscript(s)
Concordance by Michael Chidester
Translations Traducción castellano

Jud Lew was a 15th century German fencing master. His name signifies that he was Jewish, and some sources state that he was baptized Christian. He seems to have stood in the tradition of Johannes Liechtenauer, though he was not included in Paulus Kal's ca. 1470 list of the members of the Fellowship of Liechtenauer.[1]

Lew is often erroneously credited with authoring the Cod.I.6.4º.3, a compilation of various fencing treatises created in the 1450s. In fact, his name is only associated with a single section of that book, a gloss of Johannes Liechtenauer's Recital on mounted fencing that is a branch of the so-called Pseudo-Peter von Danzig gloss. Though some versions of Martin Huntfeltz's treatise on armored fencing are also attributed to Lew, but this seems to be an error.

Treatises

Early on in its history, the Pseudo-Peter von Danzig gloss seems to have split into two primary branches, and no definite copies of the unaltered original are known to survive. The gloss of Sigmund Schining ain Ringeck also seems to be related to this work, due to the considerable overlap in text and contents, but the exact nature of this relationship is currently unclear.

Branch A, first attested in the Augsburg version (1450s) and comprising the majority of extant copies, has more devices overall than the other branch (particularly in the extensive Salzburg version of 1491) but generally shorter descriptions in areas of overlap. It also includes glosses of Liechtenauer's Recital on long sword and mounted fencing only, and in lieu of a gloss of Liechtenauer's short sword it is generally accompanied by the short sword teachings of Andre Liegniczer and Martin Huntfeltz. Apart from containing the most content, the Salzburg version is notable for including nine paragraphs of text that are not found in any other version of Pseudo-Peter von Danzig, but do appear in Ringeck (and constitute almost 10% of that gloss); this predates all known copies of Ringeck's text, but is another indicator of some connection between the works. Branch A was later used by Johannes Lecküchner as a source when he compiled his own gloss of a Recital on the Messer in the late 1470s.

Branch B, attested first in the Rome version (1452), is found in only four manuscripts; it tends to feature slightly longer descriptions than Branch A, but includes fewer devices overall. Branch B glosses Liechtenauer's entire Recital, including the short sword section, and may therefore be considered more complete than Branch A; it also different from Branch A in that three of the four known copies are illustrated to some extent, where none in the other branch are. The Krakow version (1510-20) seems to be an incomplete (though extensively illustrated) copy taken directly from the Rome,[2] while Augsburg II (1564) is taken from the Krakow but only includes the six illustrated devices of wrestling and their respective captions. Even more anomalous is the Glasgow version, consisting solely of a sizeable fragment of the short sword gloss (hence its assignation to Branch B) which is appended to the opening paragraphs of Ringeck's gloss of the same section; since it accompanies Ringeck's long sword and mounted fencing glosses, a possible explanation is that the scribe lacked a complete copy of Ringeck and tried to fill in the deficit with another similar text.

There is one version of the Pseudo-Peter von Danzig gloss that defies categorization into either branch, namely the Vienna version (included in a 1480 manuscript along with Paulus Kal's work, though Kal's personal level of involvement is unknown). The text of this copy is more consistent with the generally shorter descriptions of Branch A, but the overall contents much more closely align with Branch B, lacking most of the unique devices of Branch A and including the gloss of the short sword. The Vienna version may therefore be a copy of the original gloss before it split into these branches (or it may merely be an odd attempt by a scribe to synthesize the two branches into a single, shorter work).

While Branches A and B were originally presented in a single concordance on the Pseudo-Peter von Danzig page, the differences between them were revealed thereby to be extensive enough that they merit separate consideration. Thus Branch A has been moved here to Jud Lew's page, to whom is seemingly attributed the gloss on mounted fencing, while Branch B has been retained on the page of Pseudo-Danzig. As the Vienna version cannot be cleanly assigned to one branch or the other, it has been omitted for the present.

Temporary break

Additional Resources

References

  1. The Fellowship of Liechtenauer is recorded in three versions of Paulus Kal's treatise: MS 1825 (1460s), Cgm 1570 (ca. 1470), and MS KK5126 (1480s).
  2. Zabinski, pp 82-83
  3. "thereby the hew" omitted from the Salzburg.
  4. Salzburg: "right-side foot".
  5. sic : nahent
  6. sic : rechten
  7. sic : lonen
  8. S. "peasant hew".
  9. 9.00 9.01 9.02 9.03 9.04 9.05 9.06 9.07 9.08 9.09 9.10 9.11 9.12 9.13 9.14 9.15 9.16 9.17 9.18 9.19 9.20 9.21 9.22 9.23 9.24 9.25 9.26 9.27 9.28 9.29 9.30 9.31 9.32 9.33 9.34 9.35 9.36 Word omitted from the Salzburg.
  10. Sentence up to this point omitted from the Augsburg.
  11. 11.00 11.01 11.02 11.03 11.04 11.05 11.06 11.07 11.08 11.09 11.10 11.11 11.12 11.13 11.14 11.15 11.16 11.17 11.18 11.19 Word omitted from the Augsburg.
  12. "of the man… of the girdle" omitted from the Salzburg. This omission is probably a scribal error, jumping to the second instance of der gürttell.
  13. 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 The subsequent play in Salzburg is taken from the gloss of Sigmund ain Ringeck, and is therefore omitted here.
  14. "To you truthfully" omitted from the Augsburg.
  15. "of the sword" omitted from the Salzburg.
  16. Fehlstelle im Manuskript
  17. "and you bind with… standing on the sword" omitted from the Augsburg.
  18. "And wind yet… and stab him" omitted from the Augsburg.
  19. Here Salzburg segues into Sigmund ain Ringeck's gloss of the same verse describing hot the Crooked hew is used as a counter-cut: "This is how you shall cut crooked to the hands, and execute the play thusly: When he cuts from your[sic: his] right side with the over- or under-cut, spring away from the cut with the right foot against him well to his left side, and strike him with outstretched arms with the [point] upon his hands."
  20. S. "the man"
  21. "with the short edge" omitted from the Salzburg.
  22. S. "sword hews".
  23. S. "the man".
  24. sic : schwerts
  25. Sentence omitted from the Augsburg.
  26. Augsburg just has "protect".
  27. A. "your"
  28. Salzburg doubles "schlag".
  29. "and to the body" omitted from the Salzburg.
  30. A. treffen, S. griffen.
  31. S. "the man"
  32. "and every" omitted from the Salzburg.
  33. S. "or"
  34. A. "on"
  35. A. "to the"
  36. A. "to the"
  37. "and slice" omitted from the Salzburg.
  38. "if that is what you wish" omitted from the Salzburg.
  39. sic : deinem
  40. S. "his"
  41. A. aber: "yet".
  42. "and all Winding... are all short" omitted from the Salzburg.
  43. A. anwind: "wind on".
  44. S. "the man"
  45. S. "your"
  46. Korrigiert aus »Hautt«.
  47. After this paragraph is a repetition of [59], the Twofold Failer.
  48. S. "thrusts your point up".
  49. Clause omitted from the Augsburg.
  50. Augsburg doubles the phrase "and hold your sword on your right side with the hilt in front". This is probably a scribal error.
  51. This verse is glossed together with 70 in the Augsburg, but the Salzburg separates it out.
  52. The subsequent two plays in Salzburg are taken from the gloss of Sigmund ain Ringeck, and are therefore omitted here.
  53. Mittels Einfügezeichen korrigiert aus »siten rechten«
  54. "that fence from free long hews" omitted from the Salzburg.
  55. "do not hold" omitted from the Salzburg.
  56. "to him" omitted from the Salzburg.
  57. S. were: "weapon".
  58. "on his neck... on his right side" omitted from the Salzburg.
  59. S. "ere when you come up"
  60. S. "to"
  61. A. "in"
  62. Salzburg doubles "the feeling".
  63. "Feel and cannot undertake" omitted from the Salzburg. This is probably a scribal error, jumping from one instance of nicht to the next.
  64. S. "work".
  65. S. entphindest: "perceive".
  66. S. "ere when".
  67. Word doubled in the Salzburg.
  68. S. "word".
  69. S. "right or left side".
  70. S. bindest gebünde~.
  71. 71.0 71.1 Disappears into the binding.
  72. S. "after".
  73. Corrected from 'mit'.
  74. S. "wind".
  75. S. "Technique".
  76. A. "Item".
  77. Word doubled in the Augsburg.
  78. "down a little" omitted from the Salzburg.
  79. "before you" omitted from the Salzburg.
  80. S. dring.
  81. "at the sword" omitted from the Salzburg.
  82. "and thrust... the right" omitted from the Augsburg. This omission is probably a scribal error, jumping to the second instance of siner rechte~.
  83. sic : sein rechten bis repetita
  84. S. "Another wrestling".
  85. A. "him".
  86. A. "his".
  87. S. "weapon".
  88. S. "your".
  89. A. "with".
  90. S. "his".
  91. "and from each single Winding" omitted from the Salzburg.
  92. S. "be it an Over-/Under-hew".
  93. A. "noblest"
  94. Rest der Zeile verschwindet im Bund
  95. S. "the man".
  96. S. "against".
  97. S. "your".
  98. S. "your".
  99. "in the techniques" omitted from the Salzburg.
  100. korrigiert aus »schnudt«