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| <small>44</small>
 
| <small>44</small>
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| {{red|Hew Crooked to the flat,<br/>The masters will you weaken.}}
+
| {{red|Hew Crooked to the flat,<br/>If you will weaken the masters.}}
 
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|-  
 
| <small>45</small>
 
| <small>45</small>
 
| {{red|When it clashes above,<br/>Then stand off, that will I praise.}}
 
| {{red|When it clashes above,<br/>Then stand off, that will I praise.}}
 
|}
 
|}
−
<p>{{blue|Mark, this technique you shall drive against the masters from the bind of the swords,<ref>S. "sword hews".</ref> and mark that thus: When you come to him<ref>S. "the man".</ref> with the pre-fencing, then lay your sword to your right side in the Barrier-guard, or hold it on your nearest shoulder. If he then hews above to your opening, then hew strongly with crossed arms with the long edge against his hew, and as quickly as the swords clash together, then Wind Meanwhile with the sword against your left side and drive up with the arms and stab in to the upper opening. Or, if you will not stab him, then mark as quickly as it clashes, then hew him Meanwhile with the short edge to the head and to the body, etc.}}</p>
+
<p>Mark, this technique you shall drive against the masters from the bind of the swords,<ref>S. "bind of the sword hews".</ref> and mark it thus: when you come to the man<ref>A. "him".</ref> with the pre-fencing, then lay your sword to your right side in the Barrier-guard, or hold it on your nearest shoulder. If he then hews above to your opening, then hew strongly with the long edge (with crossed arms) against his hew, and as quickly as the swords clash together, then wind Meanwhile with the sword against your left side and drive up with the arms, and stab in to the upper opening. Or, if you will not stab him, then mark as quickly as it clashes, [and] then hew him Meanwhile with the short edge to the head and to the body, etc.</p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
  
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| <small>46</small>
 
| <small>46</small>
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| {{red|Crooked not, hew short.<br/>Changing-through therewith show.}}
+
| {{red|Crooked not, hew short;<br/>Show changing-through therewith.}}
 
|}
 
|}
−
<p>That is a counter against the guard of the Ox, drive it thus: When you go to the man with the pre-fencing, if he then stands in the guard and holds his sword on his left side before the head, then throw your sword in your right shoulder and do as if you will bind on his sword with the Crooked-hew, and hew short and change through below therewith, and shoot the point long in to the other side to the opening, so he must parry. Therewith you come to strikes and to other work with the sword. Also, you may make this technique when he hews to with an Over-hew from his right shoulder.<ref>Sentence omitted from the Augsburg.</ref></p>
+
<p>This is a counter against the guard of the Ox, drive it thus: when you go to the man with the pre-fencing, if he then stands in the guard and holds his sword on his left side before the head, then throw your sword on your right shoulder and do as if you will bind on his sword with the Crooked-hew, and hew short and change through below therewith, and shoot the point long in to the other side to the opening, so he must parry. Therewith you come to strikes (and to other work with the sword). Also, you may make this technique when he hews to [you] with an Over-hew from his right shoulder.<ref>Sentence omitted from the Augsburg.</ref></p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
  
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|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>47</small>
 
| <small>47</small>
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| {{red|Who errs you Crooked,<br/>The Noble War strays him,}}
+
| {{red|Who errs you Crooked,<br/>The Noble War strays him}}
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>48</small>
 
| <small>48</small>
−
| {{red|That he does not know truthfully<br/>Where he is without danger.}}
+
| {{red|[So] that he does not know truthfully<br/>Where he is without danger.}}
 
|}
 
|}
−
<p>Mark, when you drive the Crooked-hew, then you must always give an opening therewith, and that means thus: When you hew in with the Crooked-hew from your right side, or bind on his sword, meanwhile you are open with the left side. If he is then thus clever and will hew you from the sword to the opening, and will you make him astray with agility, then remain with your sword on his, and follow after his hew thereon, and Wind in the point Meanwhile to the face, and work in further with the War to the openings, so he truthfully does not know on whatever end he should guard or protect<ref>Augsburg just has "protect".</ref> himself before your hews or stabs.<ref name="Ringeck"/></p>
+
<p>Mark, when you drive the Crooked-hew then you must always give an opening therewith, and that means thus: when you hew in with the Crooked-hew from your right side (or bind on his sword), you are meanwhile open with the left side. Thus, if he is then clever and will hew you from the sword to the opening, and you will make him astray with agility, then remain with your sword on his and follow after his hew thereon, and wind the point in Meanwhile to the face, and work in further with the War to the openings, so he truthfully does not know whatever end he should guard or protect<ref>Augsburg just has "protect".</ref> himself on before your hews or stabs.<ref name="Ringeck"/></p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
  
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| {{red|Thwart takes<br/>What comes From the Day.}}
 
| {{red|Thwart takes<br/>What comes From the Day.}}
 
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|}
−
<p>Mark, the Thwart-hew breaks the guard From the Day and all hews that come hewn down From the Day above, and drive the Thwart-hew thus: When you go with the pre-fencing to the man, if he then stands against you and holds his sword with arms stretched up over himself, high over his<ref>A. "your"</ref> head in the guard and waits on you, then mark when you come near to him. Then set the left foot forward and hold your sword with the flat on your right shoulder. If he then steps to you and threatens to strike you, then come Before and spring with the right foot well on your right side, and in the spring turn your sword with the hilt before your head, that your thumb comes below, and strike him with the short edge to the left side of his head, etc.</p>
+
<p>Mark, the Thwart-hew breaks the guard From the Day (and all hews that come hewn down From the Day above), and drive the Thwart-hew thus: when you go with the pre-fencing to the man, if he then stands against you and holds his sword with arms up-stretched over himself (high over his<ref>A. "your"</ref> head in the guard) and waits on you, then mark when you come near to him. Then set the left foot forward and hold your sword with the flat on your right shoulder. If he then steps to you and threatens to strike you, then come Before [him] and spring with the right foot well on your right side, and in the spring, turn your sword with the hilt before your head (so that your thumb comes below), and strike him with the short edge to the left side of his head, etc.</p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
  
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|-  
 
|  
 
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| <p>[43] Item, when he comes before with the Over-hew, then step with your right foot on his left and strike to him with the Thwart-hew in the Strong of his blade, so his hew is parried, Meanwhile thrust the pommel on your right side with your left hand, up near you, so you strike him on the left ear. Or, you may Double while you have Thwarted him on his Strong. Or, if he is thus so Strong that you may come to naught, then thrust his sword away with the hilt and strike around on your right side and seek the other opening.<ref name="Ringeck"/></p>
+
| <p>[43] Item, when he comes ere [you] with the Over-hew, then step with your right foot on his left and strike to him with the Thwart-hew in the Strong of his blade, so his hew is parried; Meanwhile, thrust the pommel on your right side with your left hand, up near you, so you strike him on the left ear. Or, you may Double while you have Thwarted him on his Strong. Or, if he is thus so Strong that you may come to naught, then thrust his sword away with the hilt, and strike around on your right side and seek the other opening.<ref name="Ringeck"/></p>
 
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| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 021v.jpg|1|lbl=21v}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 021v.jpg|1|lbl=21v}}
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|-  
 
|  
 
|  
−
| <p>[44] Item, but if he comes Before with the hew ere you, then spring with the right foot with the previously described parrying from the hew, well on your right side, and strike him with the Thwart, as is previously stated.</p>
+
| <p>[44] Item, but if he comes Before with the hew ere you do, then spring with the right foot with the previously-described parrying from the hew, well on your right side, and strike him with the Thwart (as is previously stated).</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 017r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 017r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
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| <p>[45] Item, a counter against upper and lower Thwart strikes. When one has bound in on his sword with a Over-hew and strikes the Thwart around above or below, then remain with the hilt before your head and always turn your sword and stab in with your point to the nearest opening. So it goes from both sides.</p>
+
| <p>[45] Item, a counter against upper and lower Thwart strikes. When one has bound in on your<ref>Lit. "his".</ref> sword with an Over-hew and strikes the Thwart around above or below, then remain with the hilt before your head and always turn your sword and stab in with your point to the nearest opening. So it goes from both sides.</p>
 
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| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 022r.jpg|1|lbl=22r}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 022r.jpg|1|lbl=22r}}
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|-  
 
|  
 
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| <p>[46] Item, when one binds on you with a free Over-hew and hews the lower Thwart-hew to your right side, then remain thus standing and lay in the short edge on his neck.</p>
+
| <p>[46] Item, when one binds on you with a free Over-hew and hews the lower Thwart-hew to your right side, then remain standing thus and lay in the short edge on his neck.</p>
 
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|  
 
| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 022r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 022r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
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|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>50</small>
 
| <small>50</small>
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| {{red|Thwart with the Strong.<br/>Your work therewith mark.}}
+
| {{red|Thwart with the Strong;<br/>Mark your work therewith.}}
 
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|}
−
<p>Mark, that is when you hew to him with the Thwart, that you shall do with strength. If he then parries, then drive up with the Strong of your sword after the Weak of his sword. You then seize his Weak with the Strong, then work with the Mutating in over his sword to the lower opening or above to the neck. If you may not come to there, then work from the Doubling behind his sword with the strike to the head, etc.</p>
+
<p>Mark, this is when you hew to him with the Thwart, which you shall do with strength. If he then parries, then drive up with the Strong of your sword after the Weak of his sword. You then seize his Weak with the Strong, [and] then work with the Mutating in over his sword to the lower opening, or above to the neck. If you cannot come to there, then work from the Doubling behind his sword (with the strike to the head), etc.</p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
  
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|-  
 
|  
 
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−
| <p>[48] If he is too strong for you with the parrying so that you may not come to the technique, then thrust his sword away with the hilt and strike him with the Thwart to the other side. Or if he will run in on you, then take the Slice under his arms, etc.</p>
+
| <p>[48] If he is too strong for you with the parrying (so that you may not come to the technique), then thrust his sword away with the hilt and strike him with the Thwart to the other side. Or if he will run in on you, then take the Slice under his arms, etc.</p>
 
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| <p>[49] Item, if one takes you by the neck to your right side, then release your sword from your left hand and thrust his sword with your right from your neck and step with your left foot against his right side before both of his feet and drive with your left arm over both his arms near by the hilt and drive him to dance or stab him below between his legs to the groin.</p>
+
| <p>[49] Item, if one takes you by the neck to your right side, then release your sword from your left hand and thrust his sword from your neck with your right, and step with your left foot against his right side before both of his feet, and drive with your left arm over both his arms nearby the hilt, and drive him to dance or stab him below between his legs to the groin.</p>
 
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| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 022v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
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|-  
 
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| <p>[50] Item, when you will make the Thwart-hew on his left side, then do not hit and strike nimbly on his right side. If he then strikes to your right, then slice Meanwhile strongly in his hands, in the wrist of his right hand. That goes to both sides.</p>
+
| <p>[50] Item, when you will make the Thwart-hew on his left side, then do not hit, and strike nimbly on his right side. If he then strikes to your right, then slice Meanwhile strongly into his hands, in the wrist of his right hand. That goes to both sides.</p>
 
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| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 022v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 022v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
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|-  
 
| <small>52</small>
 
| <small>52</small>
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| {{red|What you well Thwart<br/>With springing endanger the head.}}
+
| {{red|Whatever you Thwart well,<br/>With springing endanger the head.}}
 
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|}
−
<p>Mark, you have heard before how that the Ox and the Plow are named two Liers or two Guards, so are they here called the <ref name="word-a"/> Four Openings. The Ox, that is the upper two openings on the right and left side of the head. So is the Plow the lower two openings, also the right and the left side, of the lower half of the girdle of the man. And these openings shall you strike with the Thwart in the pre-fencing, seeking all four.</p>
+
<p>Mark, you have heard before how the Ox and the Plow are named two Liers or two Guards, so here they are called the <ref name="word-a"/> Four Openings. The Ox, that is the upper two openings on the right and left side of the head. So is the Plow the lower two openings, also the right and the left side, of the lower half of the girdle of the man. And you shall strike these openings with the Thwart in the pre-fencing, seeking all four.</p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
  
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| <p>[52] {{red|b=1|Here mark the Thwart strike to the Four Openings, etc.}}</p>
 
| <p>[52] {{red|b=1|Here mark the Thwart strike to the Four Openings, etc.}}</p>
  
−
<p>Item, when you come to him with the pre-fencing, if he then stands against you in the guard From the Day, then spring with the right foot against him, well on your right side, and strike him with the Thwart above to the Ox on his left side with full art. If he parries you,<ref name="word-a"/> then strike<ref>Salzburg doubles "schlag".</ref> him quickly below to the Plow on his right side, and then drive the Thwart-strike quickly further, always one to the Ox, the other to the Plow, crosswise from one side to the other, to the head and to the body,<ref>"and to the body" omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> etc.</p>
+
<p>{{blue|Item, when you come to him with the pre-fencing, if he then stands against you in the guard From the Day, then spring with the right foot against him, well on your right side, and strike him with the Thwart above to the Ox on his left side with full art. If he parries you,<ref name="word-a"/> then strike<ref>Salzburg doubles "schlag".</ref> him quickly below to the Plow on his right side, and then drive the Thwart-strike quickly further, always one to the Ox, the other to the Plow, crosswise from one side to the other, to the head and to the body,<ref>"and to the body" omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> etc.}}</p>
 
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Revision as of 01:05, 30 August 2016

Jud Lew
Born before ca. 1440s
Died date of death unknown
Occupation Fencing master
Ethnicity Jewish
Movement Liechtenauer Tradition
Genres
Language Early New High German
Principal
manuscript(s)
Manuscript(s)
Concordance by Michael Chidester
Translations Traducción castellano
MS Thott.290.2º 011r.jpg

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This article was last edited by Michael Chidester (talk| contribs) at 01:05, 30 August 2016 (UTC). (Update)

Jud Lew was a 15th century German fencing master. His name signifies that he was Jewish, and some sources state that he was baptized Christian. He seems to have stood in the tradition of Johannes Liechtenauer, though he was not included in Paulus Kal's ca. 1470 list of the members of the Fellowship of Liechtenauer.[1]

Lew is often erroneously credited with authoring the Cod.I.6.4º.3, a compilation of various fencing treatises created in the 1450s. In fact, his name is only associated with a single section of that book, a gloss of Johannes Liechtenauer's Recital on mounted fencing that is a branch of the so-called Pseudo-Peter von Danzig gloss. Though some versions of Martin Huntfeltz's treatise on armored fencing are also attributed to Lew, but this seems to be an error.

Treatises

Early on in its history, the Pseudo-Peter von Danzig gloss seems to have split into two or three primary branches, and no definite copies of the unaltered original are known to survive. The gloss of Sigmund ain Ringeck also seems to be related to this work, due to the considerable overlap in text and contents, but it is currently unclear if Ringeck's gloss is based on that of pseudo-Danzig or if they both derive from an even earlier original gloss (or even if Ringeck and pseudo-Danzig are the same author and the "Ringeck" gloss should be considered Branch D).

Branch A, first attested in the Augsburg version (1450s) and comprising the majority of extant copies, has more devices overall than Branch B but generally shorter descriptions in areas of overlap. It also glosses only Liechtenauer's Recital on long sword and mounted fencing; in lieu of a gloss of Liechtenauer's short sword, it is generally accompanied by the short sword teachings of Andre Liegniczer and Martin Huntfeltz. Apart from the Augsburg, the other principle text in Branch A is the Salzburg version (1491), which was copied independently[2] and also incorporates nine paragraphs from the gloss of Sigmund ain Ringeck and twenty-one paragraphs from an unidentified third source. Branch A was redacted by Paulus Hector Mair (three mss., 1540s), the Lienhart Sollinger (1556), and Joachim Meyer (1570), which despite being the latest is the cleanest extant version and was likely either copied directly from the original or created by comparing multiple versions to correct their errors. It was also one of the bases for Johannes Lecküchner's gloss on the Messer in the late 1470s.

Branch B, attested first in the Rome version (1452), is found in only four manuscripts; it tends to feature slightly longer descriptions than Branch A, but includes fewer devices overall. Branch B glosses Liechtenauer's entire Recital, including the short sword section, and may therefore be considered more complete than Branch A; it also different from Branch A in that three of the four known copies are illustrated to some extent, where none in the other branch are. The Krakow version (1510-20) seems to be an incomplete (though extensively illustrated) copy taken from the Rome,[3] while Augsburg II (1564) collects only the six illustrated wrestling devices from the Krakow. Even more anomalous is the Glasgow version (1508), consisting solely of a nearly complete redaction of the short sword gloss (assigning it to Branch B), which is appended to the opening paragraphs of Ringeck's gloss of the same section; since it accompanies Ringeck's long sword and mounted fencing glosses, a possible explanation is that the scribe lacked a complete copy of Ringeck and tried to fill in the deficit with another similar text.

A Branch C might be said to exist as well, first attested in the Vienna version (1480s), though it is unclear whether it was derived independently from the original or was created by simply merging copies of the other branches together. The structure and contents of this branch very closely align with Branch B, lacking most of the unique devices of Branch A and including the gloss of the short sword, but the actual text is more consistent with that of Branch A. A fragment of Branch C appears in the writings of Jörg Wilhalm Hutter (several mss., 1520s), though the Glasgow version (1533) assigns the fragment a much earlier origin, indicating that it was devised by one Nicolaüs in 1489.

Finally, there is one version of the Pseudo-Peter von Danzig gloss that defies categorization into any branch, namely the one the Mair created based on notes purchased from the estate of Antonius Rast. This gloss is a chimeric abomination, combining text from all three branches in a unique sequence, and then concludes with the final eighteen paragraphs of Ringeck.

While all branches were originally presented in a single concordance in this article, the differences between them were revealed thereby to be extensive enough that they merit separate consideration. Thus, Branch A has been placed here on the page of Jud Lew, to whom is seemingly attributed the gloss on mounted fencing, while Branch B has been retained on the main pseudo-Peter von Danzig page. Branch C will be placed on another page in the future.

Additional Resources

References

  1. ↑ The Fellowship of Liechtenauer is recorded in three versions of Paulus Kal's treatise: MS 1825 (1460s), Cgm 1570 (ca. 1470), and MS KK5126 (1480s).
  2. ↑ Both Augsburg and Salzburg contain significant scribal errors of omission that allow us to identify manuscripts copied from them.
  3. ↑ Zabinski, pp 82-83
  4. ↑ "thereby the hew" omitted from the Salzburg.
  5. ↑ S. "right-side foot".
  6. ↑ sic : nahent
  7. ↑ sic : rechten
  8. ↑ sic : lonen
  9. ↑ S. "peasant hew".
  10. ↑ 10.00 10.01 10.02 10.03 10.04 10.05 10.06 10.07 10.08 10.09 10.10 10.11 10.12 10.13 10.14 10.15 10.16 10.17 10.18 10.19 10.20 10.21 10.22 10.23 10.24 10.25 10.26 10.27 10.28 10.29 10.30 10.31 10.32 10.33 10.34 10.35 10.36 Word omitted from the Salzburg.
  11. ↑ Could be read as “schlichter”.
  12. ↑ "And you shall... with the other" omitted from the Augsburg. This omission is probably a scribal error, jumping to the second instance of also soltu.
  13. ↑ Couplet 104, part of the group 102-109.
  14. ↑ 14.00 14.01 14.02 14.03 14.04 14.05 14.06 14.07 14.08 14.09 14.10 14.11 14.12 14.13 14.14 14.15 14.16 14.17 14.18 14.19 Word omitted from the Augsburg.
  15. ↑ "of the man… of the girdle" omitted from the Salzburg. This omission is probably a scribal error, jumping to the second instance of der gürttell.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 The subsequent play in Salzburg is taken from the gloss of Sigmund ain Ringeck, and is therefore omitted here.
  17. ↑ "To you truthfully" omitted from the Augsburg.
  18. ↑ "of the sword" omitted from the Salzburg.
  19. ↑ Fehlstelle im Manuskript
  20. ↑ "and you bind with… standing on the sword" omitted from the Augsburg.
  21. ↑ "And wind yet… and stab him" omitted from the Augsburg.
  22. ↑ Here Salzburg segues into Sigmund ain Ringeck's gloss of the same verse describing hot the Crooked hew is used as a counter-cut: "This is how you shall cut crooked to the hands, and execute the play thusly: When he cuts from your[sic: his] right side with the over- or under-cut, spring away from the cut with the right foot against him well to his left side, and strike him with outstretched arms with the [point] upon his hands."
  23. ↑ A. "him"
  24. ↑ "with the short edge" omitted from the Salzburg.
  25. ↑ S. "bind of the sword hews".
  26. ↑ A. "him".
  27. ↑ sic : schwerts
  28. ↑ Sentence omitted from the Augsburg.
  29. ↑ Augsburg just has "protect".
  30. ↑ A. "your"
  31. ↑ Lit. "his".
  32. ↑ Salzburg doubles "schlag".
  33. ↑ "and to the body" omitted from the Salzburg.
  34. ↑ A. treffen, S. griffen.
  35. ↑ S. "the man"
  36. ↑ "and every" omitted from the Salzburg.
  37. ↑ S. "or"
  38. ↑ A. "on"
  39. ↑ A. "to the"
  40. ↑ A. "to the"
  41. ↑ "and slice" omitted from the Salzburg.
  42. ↑ "if that is what you wish" omitted from the Salzburg.
  43. ↑ sic : deinem
  44. ↑ S. "his"
  45. ↑ A. aber: "yet".
  46. ↑ "and all Winding... are all short" omitted from the Salzburg.
  47. ↑ A. anwind: "wind on".
  48. ↑ S. "the man"
  49. ↑ S. "your"
  50. ↑ Korrigiert aus »Hautt«.
  51. ↑ After this paragraph is a repetition of [59], the Twofold Failer.
  52. ↑ S. "thrusts your point up".
  53. ↑ Clause omitted from the Augsburg.
  54. ↑ Augsburg doubles the phrase "and hold your sword on your right side with the hilt in front". This is probably a scribal error.
  55. ↑ This verse is glossed together with 70 in the Augsburg, but the Salzburg separates it out.
  56. ↑ The subsequent two plays in Salzburg are taken from the gloss of Sigmund ain Ringeck, and are therefore omitted here.
  57. ↑ Mittels Einfügezeichen korrigiert aus »siten rechten«
  58. ↑ The previous segment of the Augsburg is omitted because it is a truncated version of this one, probably a scribal error: "Item, or if he hews to you up from below from his right side, etc."
  59. ↑ "that fence from free long hews" omitted from the Salzburg.
  60. ↑ "do not hold" omitted from the Salzburg.
  61. ↑ "to him" omitted from the Salzburg.
  62. ↑ S. were: "weapon".
  63. ↑ "on his neck... on his right side" omitted from the Salzburg.
  64. ↑ S. "ere when you come up"
  65. ↑ S. "to"
  66. ↑ A. "in"
  67. ↑ Salzburg doubles "the feeling".
  68. ↑ "Feel and cannot undertake" omitted from the Salzburg. This is probably a scribal error, jumping from one instance of nicht to the next.
  69. ↑ S. "work".
  70. ↑ S. entphindest: "perceive".
  71. ↑ S. "ere when".
  72. ↑ Word doubled in the Salzburg.
  73. ↑ S. "word".
  74. ↑ S. "right or left side".
  75. ↑ S. bindest gebünde~.
  76. ↑ 76.0 76.1 Disappears into the binding.
  77. ↑ S. "after".
  78. ↑ Corrected from 'mit'.
  79. ↑ S. "wind".
  80. ↑ S. "Technique".
  81. ↑ A. "Item".
  82. ↑ Word doubled in the Augsburg.
  83. ↑ "down a little" omitted from the Salzburg.
  84. ↑ "before you" omitted from the Salzburg.
  85. ↑ S. dring.
  86. ↑ "at the sword" omitted from the Salzburg.
  87. ↑ "and thrust... the right" omitted from the Augsburg. This omission is probably a scribal error, jumping to the second instance of siner rechte~.
  88. ↑ sic : sein rechten bis repetita
  89. ↑ S. "Another wrestling".
  90. ↑ A. "him".
  91. ↑ A. "his".
  92. ↑ S. "weapon".
  93. ↑ S. "your".
  94. ↑ A. "with".
  95. ↑ S. "his".
  96. ↑ "and from each single Winding" omitted from the Salzburg.
  97. ↑ S. "be it an Over-/Under-hew".
  98. ↑ ”einwindẽ durchwindẽ“ written in another hand above the line.
  99. ↑ Illegible word from another hand written above the line.
  100. ↑ A. "noblest"
  101. ↑ Rest der Zeile verschwindet im Bund
  102. ↑ S. "the man".
  103. ↑ S. "against".
  104. ↑ S. "your".
  105. ↑ S. "your".
  106. ↑ "in the techniques" omitted from the Salzburg.
  107. ↑ korrigiert aus »schnudt«


Early Germanic Traditions
Common Fencing Johannes Liechtenauer reversed.jpg
Wrestling
Liechtenauer
Tradition
Beringer Verse
Augsburg Tradition
Other Works
Fabris Tradition
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