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User:Kendra Brown/Florius/Side by side by side

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01v

Page:MS Latin 11269 01v.jpg

Omnia nata oculis ego linx cernendo sub axe
Vinco mensurans quisquod(?) tentare placeb[ ]

Prudentia

Sum celer in cursa subitosque revolvem in orbes
Nec me currentem superabunt fulmia tigrim.

Celeritas

Quadrupedum sum fortis apex, audacia
Non/nam mea quis/uoque polo subsunt. nunc cordus(?) leonem || vincit
[ ] que'cumque ergo gvocitam' ad arma

Audacia


Quatuor ecce sumus animalia moribus ampla
Quae monuit nam potens Potuit [...] in armis
Esse cupit clarus necnon probitate refulgens

Accipiat documenta sibi(?) / quae cernit o(?)esse
Pectoribus nuncius affixe indicitus. Inde
Ille erit armorum pr(?) doctus inter amicos.

[below doctus: …et (hand M?)]


[around the master, in red:]

Posta mulierum dextri
Posta Dominarum Sinistra

Posta fenestrarum dextra
Posta fenestrarum sinistra

Posta longa
Posta brevis

Tota porta ferea
Media porta ferrea
dens apri


Fortitudo

[1]

02r

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Nunc hastile gero sub aprino dente coruscans.
Utque [??] variare queam / penetrabo medullas.[2][3]


En venio retinens muliebrj pectore telum.
Nec vereor terram genibus contingere lentis.
Et feriam variata tamen tua lancea praedet.

User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 02r

Now I carry the spear moving quickly underneath in the manner of the boar's tusk.
And in order that I be able to cause [yours][4] to diverge, I will penetrate the marrows.

Lo, I come, holding back my javelin at the womanly breast.
I don't fear touching the ground due to my flexible knees.
And I would strike, having marked [you] black and blue[5], nevertheless, your lance will lose [the fight]

  1. The bottom of the page, including the elephant verse, has been cut off.
  2. The second line has been over-written to darken worn-away letters. If there were annotations, they have not survived.
  3. This pair of verses has a bracket at the end, which has been posited as indicating enjambment of the lines by Mondschein. As there is clearly a period at the end of the first line, this cannot be the case here.
  4. The illegible letters could conceivably form tuam, which would support this reading.
  5. Variare and variata are from the same verb root, which has the distinct meanings "cause to vary, deviate" and "decorate with contrasting colors." The two verses on this page seem to deliberately use different senses of the verb.

I carry my lance in the Boar's Tusk: 
To deviate yours, I'll make mine enter.

Because I have a short lance, I come in the Position of the Noblewoman: 
I hold myself certain to beat and to wound. 

02v

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Regia forma decet muliebris. teque mucrone[1]
Percutiens contra que furens transmittet ad umbras
Hic animus / faveant illi modo numina caeli.
Stringens membra simul, iaculum complector[2] acerbus
In medio. tardatus eris refringere[3] tandem
Vulnere letali sonipes[4] tuus ictus abibit.

User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 02v

The royal, womanly form is proper. And this spirit,
striking and raging against you with the tip, sends [you] to the shadows.
Should the gods in heaven favor this method.

Drawing [my] limbs simultaneously inward, I, the Bitter One, grip the javelin
in the middle. You will have been delayed in breaking through [my guard].
In the end, your horse will depart having been struck with deadly wounds.

  1. Added later: "de la pointe".
  2. Added later: "remoror [!] jaculum".
  3. The translator appears to be using 'stringere-refringere' as a pair, as both words are associated with defending and attacking fortified gates, for rhetorical effect; however, English doesn't have a good oppositional pair that also conveys the meanings of the words.
  4. Added later: "eqqus". Probably meant to be “equus”, but the two q’s are fairly clear.

I'll beat your lance with my sword, 
And I'll wound you with either point or edge. 

At mid-lance I come, well-enclosed like this, 
So that you'll be delayed in beating my lance. 
I believe I'll wound your horse without fail; 
You'll see my play carried out hereafter. 

03r

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Rectus in oppositum faciam tibi forte dolores.
[1]Qui fugiens proprium nequeo defendere corpus.


Quattuor iste modus gestandi nempe mucronem
Ne movet ad ludos. et acute[2] cuspide prorsus
Te feriam. caedetque artus cesura patentes
Atque iterum de sede tua manifestus abibis
Ense carens. et raro hominem modus iste fefellit[3]

User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 03r

Straightforward in opposition, I cause you great pains.
The one fleeing is unable to defend his own body.[4]

That method of carrying surely moves the sword to four plays.
And I strike you straight on with the [sharp] point.
And the limb cuts the openings with a cut.
And lacking your sword, you will again obviously depart from your seat.[5]
That method rarely disappoints a person.

  1. Added later: "ego".
  2. This word was obliterated somehow (“et” and “cesura” both show uncorrected damage) but has been written over by a later hand in similarly-colored ink. Further, someone has tried to write something above it, perhaps a French equivalent—the superscript is unreadable, but the second word, above cuspide, appears to end in “te” and could be “pointe”. The superscript above “acute” may have been in the D1 or F hand, but not enough is clear. There may have been a superscript above mucronem that was erased, although the remaining strokes look like they may have suffered the same damage as the rest of the page. None of the superscripts are clear enough to certainly identify the hands.
  3. A bracket, similar to the enjambment bracket, hangs off the last line.
  4. We are working under the assumption that the Latin translator is writing about the figure on the left, instead of the crowned figure. While it is clear that the Italian refers to the crowned figure, the Latin includes nothing about turning, or that this turn is the only option for defense. This is supported by 'Qui' in the second line, which has the 'ego = I' correction from a later hand.
  5. Note that the order of the 4 options differs from the original Italian due to the order of verb tenses in the Latin.

Fleeing, I cannot make any other defense, 
So I turn myself to the right and will make you offense. 

Carrying the sword like this gives me four plays to make: 
I could strike with point and edge without fail, 
And also throw someone from horseback or take his sword. 
These things are rarely failures to me. 

03v

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Cuspide mucronis transfigo guttur apertum
Tertius edocuit nam me cum lege magister.[2]


Vulnere[3] terrifico cervicem[4] vulnere luctans
Cautus in ense prior docet hoc me nempe magister.[5]

User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 03v

I pierce the exposed neck with the tip of my sword,
Because the third master thoroughly taught me using a rule.

I terrify the neck with wounds.
The earlier master, cautious in fighting, truly teaches me this, to wound with the sword.

04r

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Tu pudibundus obhoc ensem vel forte relinques
Vel prostratus humi nullo prohibente iacebis.[6]
Expedit ut terram calcato pectore pulses.
Quidque velim de te potero tentare deinde.

User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 04r

You, Shameful One, will either abandon the sword by chance because of this,
or you will lie prostrate[7] on the ground, restrained by nothing

It is expedient that you knock on the ground while your chest is trampled underfoot.
I will be able to try whatever I would want [to do] next with regard to you.

04v

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Protego[8] cesura me nunc / ac cuspide forti.
Et capulo[9] faciem ferio / ne prensus hic ensis[10]
Sit mihi / sim terram nec adhuc proiectus ad imam.
Teque tuum iaciam nullo prohibente caballum[11]
Cuius clune / mei pectus fremitando sedebit.
Quadrupedis nec linquo tui resonantia frena[12] /
Donec humum praeceps limosam vertice tangas.
Ista quidem armato valet optima captio / possuntque[13]
Ledere[14] non armis ullum sibi posse pavescit[15]

User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 04v

I now protect myself by withdrawing, and from the strong point.
I hit the face with the sword hilt, so that my own sword would not have been grasped
in these circumstances. Nor would I have been thrown to the farthest ground.[16]

I will throw your horse; neither you nor anyone can prevent [it],
The chest [of my horse] will rest on the haunches of your whinnying horse
I will not release the ringing reins of your quadruped
until you precipitously strike the muddy ground with the crown of your head.
This best deception indeed prevails against [an] armored [person], and
[people] cannot injure with weapons anyone [who] trembles at their own capability.

05r

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Te galea[17] prensum teneo / qui terga revolvis.
In terram post te currendo pectore mittam.[18]
Ut modo tellurem calcato corpore tundas
Est opus . hoc faciunt contraria gesta . malignus
Tu tamen illud idem mihimet tentare cupisti.

User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 05r

I maintain this grasp on your helmet, since you are turning your back,
I would send [your] chest on the ground while galloping behind you.


If you were to beat the ground with a trampled corpse in this way,
The countering gestures are effective for this. The work is spiteful.[19]
Nevertheless, you want to attempt the same at myself.

05v

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Crure simul stafile levans / te vertet ad imum
Hec mea dextra potens. nec erit quae molliat artus.[20][21]
Aspice quam forti teneo tua[22] colla lacerto
Qui modo per terram frustra conatus inermem[23]
Spargere[24] tentabas. sed te contraria vincunt .[25]

User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 05v

Lifting by the leg and also by the stirrup[26], this, my strong right [hand],
will turn you to the farthest [the ground], nor will there be anything which would enfeeble [my] limb [arm].


Observe how I hold your neck with my strong upper arm
by which means the efforts [are] in vain,
you attempted to throw [me], the Weaponless One, to the ground, but the counters conquer you

06r

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Si me rolandus[27] peditem pulicanus[28] et asper
Fraxinea[29] peterent hasta spectando morarer /[30]
Dextraque vel iaculum teneat vel turbida clavam[31].
Atque repercussis feriam furibundior[32] hastis./
Quamprimum hoc actu retraham capita alta prementum.[33]


Nunc secat ista tuum caput amplo vulnere mestum[34]
Lancea. meque movet tum:idi cautela magistri.[35]

User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 06r

If Roland and the rude Pulicanus were to attack me, a footman,
with spears made of ash, I would have delayed and observed [them],
and if he holds [it] like a javelin on the right side or an unruly club,
by causing the spears to rebound, I would strike more furiously
at the lofty heads. As soon as possible, I would pull back [withdraw], overwhelming them with this action.

The lance now cuts your mournful head with great wounds,
and it moves me out of the guard of the arrogant master.

06v

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Callidus hoc ictu percussi labia duro,
Expectans reparare[36] gravi cum cuspide vulnus.
Consuetus mutare tamen, contraque referre
Cuspide pertenta, breve nunc moror omnia telo.[37][38]

User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 06v


I thrust through the lips with the harsh strike, cleverly
expecting to renew the wound with the heavy spear point.

Customarily, I move back and forth with the extended spear point,
But now I linger in all respects with my shortened spear.

With the foot, I have struck you with my javelin,
But I have another point which is even sharper than this one.

I wait in this guard with my lance shortened:
My method is to beat and to exchange thrusts.

07r

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Sit brevior licet hasta michi, traiectus abibis
Tu tamen. et iacias modo si libet ante. nec inde
Effugito. lacrimosa manent te praemia mestum.[39]


Hasta tuum telum mea nunc penetrando refellet.
Inque tuum pectus prorumpam vulnere grandi.[40]

User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 07r


Granted that my spear is shortened, YOU transfixed
will still die. you throw first, if it pleases you, and you must not
flee. tearful prizes await you, the Ill-Omened One.

Having been penetrated by my spear, your javelin repels.
And I would burst into your chest with a great wound.

Your lance is extended/long and mine is shortened/short:
Attack (lit: throw) and do not flee, so I may do you villainy.


I will beat your [lance] with my lance as I step
And then I will quickly encase it in your chest.

07v

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Hoc tribus ante iacet proprium referire magistris.
[41]Et modus est transire hominem per pectora telo /
Seu faciem vultumque prius cum sanguine tristi.



Ne michi plus noceas / contraria +[42] misceo contra.
Teque reluctantem pulsatis dentibus arcto.[43]

User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 07v


He throws this particular [cut/attack] to strike back at the three masters before this.
And this is the way to run through the person with a spear through the chest
or face, and before this, you bruise the visage with blood.

You do not injure me much, in contrast, I mix it up against
you, the Resisting One, and I move close while knocking in [your] teeth.

Of these three previous Masters, this is their strike
And in this way, their lance should end in the face or chest.

Morgan: (not found in PD)

This is the counter to the three masters of the lance that finish in this play, and I want to tell you how: when the masters believe my lance to be pushed away from their persons, I give a turn to my lance and strike with its butt, since the iron in the butt is as good as in the point. The plays of these masters bother me little.

08r

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In simili forma, daga clavaque tenaci
Te moror, At clava tegmen mihi prebet. et ista
Daga ferit pectus. Quicquid tamen exigo clava,
Efficeret mucro. quamvis melioribus uti
Possumus hoc ludis, faciles agitando[44] lacertos.


Hic te cum binis baculis / simul et quoque daga
Conmoror. at primum iaciam. reliquumque tenebo
[45]Illo membra tegens / cum nos arctabimus ambos.
Hinc cito te feriam sed aperto pectore daga.

User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 08r


In like manner, I delay you with steadfast dagger and staff,
but yet, the staff provides covering for me. And that dagger
strikes the chest. Nevertheless whatever I finish with the staff,
the sword[46] accomplishes. Although we can use
a better play than this by moving the quick shoulders.

I tarry here with you with two sticks and at the same time a dagger.
And I throw the first. And I will hold the remaining
covering the limbs with it. At the same time we will both of us move close together.
From here, I quickly strike you, but your chest is opened by the dagger.

[15a-a] In tale forma cum la daga e cum el baston aspeto
Lo baston fara coverta, la daga te ferira in lo peto,
E quello che cum baston faço cum la spada lo faria
Ben che piu forti zoghi cum quella io trovaria
In such a way I wait with the dagger and with the staff:
The staff will make a cover, the dagger will strike you in the chest.
And that which I do with a staff, I could also do with a sword,
Although I could find much stronger plays with the sword.
[15a-c] Cum duii bastoni e una daga aqui t'aspeto
L'un te traro, cum l'altro croviro[!] vegnando al streto
E subito cum mia daga te feriro in lo peto
I wait here with two sticks and a dagger:
I will throw the one at you and I will cover with the other, coming to the narrow,
And quickly I will strike you in the chest with my dagger.

08v

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Hoc operor factis, quod nunc narrando magister
Inquit. et hanc dagam proprio sed pectore figo.


Manibus astringens Jaculum / brevis: en vocor inter
Mortales / situs:. et ni cuspis fallere tentet
Decipiam te forte Virum. modo(?) Jupiter adsit.

Sum situs en fortis. vocor et crux. nec(?) mihi quesquam [47]
Ictus obest. nec adhuc cuspisque tricuspidis unquam.

User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 08v


I do what was to be done, because the master has now said
In recounting. and I fix this dagger in your own chest


A Javelin clasped with hands, lo! I am called the short position
Among mortals. And if the spear point should attempt to deceive
I will mislead you, the Man, as luck would have it. If Jupiter is nigh.


Behold, I am a strong position. And I am called the cross. Neither does any
strike bother me. And neither the point of the triple-point at any time.

That which the Master has said, that I do:
I have put the dagger in your chest without trouble.


[27a-b] Io son posta forte chiamada la crose
Colpi de azza ne punte niente mi nose
I am the Shortened Stance, the Serpent, with axe in hand;
If my point does not fail me, I will deceive you.
I am the strong stance called the Cross:
Neither blows of the axe nor thrusts can ever bother me.

09r

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Sum fidei sincerus ego situs en[48] muliebris.
Letiferosque operor geminatis ictibus ictus.
Dens aprinus ego sum fortis et horridus audax.
Quos facis[49] haud vereor ictus. nec posse fatemur
In terram projecta fuit tua nempe tricuspis.
Sed mea percutiet languenti vulnere vultum.

User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 09r


Behold, I, the position of the woman, am pure of faith.
and by doubling the strike, I carry out the fatal strikes.


I the boar's tusk, am strong, frightful, and bold
I have no respect at all for the strike of anyone's axe; neither do we admit the possibility.


Your triple-point has truly been thrown down into the ground.
But mine will strike [your] visage with a wilting wound.

I am the Stance of the Queen, of pure loyalty:
I make great blows from a different measure.


I am the Boar's Tusk, full of daring:
Blows of the axe can do nothing to me.


I have beaten your axe to the ground;
Quickly will mine be thrust in your face.

09v

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Dente ab aprino nunc propriaque tricuspide praesto[50]
Erupi. atque illa percussi robora vultus.



En premo forte manu tibi vultum. sentis et istud
Extrahet ac dentes haec nunc mea[51] sacra tricuspis.

User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 09v


And now I have burst out from the tusk of the boar ready to go using [my] own triple-point
And I have struck those strongest parts of [your] visage.[52]


Behold, I overwhelm your visage using a strong hand, and you <yourself> feel that
and now my sacred triple-point extracts [your] teeth.

I am risen from the Boar's Tusk with my axe,
And with that I have wounded you in your face.


I have lifted your visor—you feel it—
And I will bore out your teeth with my axe.

10r

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Hac ego captura[53] the faciam fortasse rotatum.
Hinc tua perdetur / mea secundum te fronte tricuspis
Percutiet / modo fata velint superesse potenti.


Ensis sive ferus iaculetur / scindere[54] sive
Praeparet alter / adhuc cupiat me cuspide solum /
Haec cautela docet / ne nunc ridendo[55] pavescam.

User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 10r


Perhaps I would make a rotation using this taking.
From there, your [triple-point] is lost, afterwards, my triple-point beats you in the forehead.
If the fates are willing for the strong to survive.

whether the wild sword is thrown like a javelin, or the second prepares
to cut [me] to pieces, the only [one left] desires me with the point,
this guard teaches [me], so that because I am currently laughing, I'm not afraid.[56]

I will make a quick rotation from this catch:
You will lose your axe; mine will strike you in the head.


Whether throwing the sword or attacking [with] edge or point,
It amounts to nothing because of the guard that I hold.
Come one by one whoever wants to go against me
Because I want to contend with you all.
And whoever wants to see covers and strikes,
Taking the sword and binding without fail,
Watch what my Scholars know how to do:
If you don't find a counter, they have no equal.

10v

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Ense meo[57] / faciens passum tego membra furentj.
Inde tuum[58] pectus penetrabo protinus illo.


Utque[59] iterum feriam nunc te cum cuspide mestum /
Leva[60] manus retinet ensem cum Viribus istum.

User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 10v


Taking a step, I cover the limbs with my raging sword,[61]
From there, I will penetrate your chest with that [sword] without pause.

And in order to hit you, the Ill-Omened One, again with my point now,
The left hand supports that sword with Strength.

With a step, I have made a cover with my sword
And it has quickly entered into your chest.


In order to wound you again with this, my point,
I have added my left hand to the sword.

11r

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Hic ego sanguineo percussi vulnere frontem.
Hoc quia me texi volucri cum tegmine dantem[62].



Derideas me voce tua / cecumque vocato /
Si tuus hic ensis / capulo quem prendo patenter
Non cadet in terram. nudus tu deinde maneto

User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 11r


Here, I have thrust through your forehead with a bloody wound,
because during the time[63] of giving this [wound], I covered myself with a fleeting cover.

You should mock me with your voice and [definitely] call me blind,
If your sword doesn't fall to the ground, once I grasp it by the hilt[64]
Then you [definitely][65] remain bare.

Here I have struck you in your head
Because of the cover that I have made so quickly.


Because of the hand that I have put beneath your hilt,
If your sword doesn't go to the ground, call me squint-eyed.

11v

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[66] Detego te ut feriam pretenta cuspide. Post haec
Vindiceam[67] frendente animo faciemus ad Unguem.


Arbitror a manibus ensem tibi carpere lentis /
Callidior manus haec rapuit tibi taliter illum

User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 11v


I uncover you so that I strike [you] with the extended point. After this,
I would exact the most perfect vengeance by grinding your soul into bits.

I decide to seize your sword out of [your] slow hands
This hand snatches that from you in this more cunning way

I uncover you in this way to strike you with the point
To avenge myself on you for every manifest neglect.


Because of the way in which I have caught your sword,
I will quickly have hollowed out your hand.

12r

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Nunc ego perpendo medium scidisse mucrone
Gutturis. hoc ideo / cubitum quam(?) presto revolui


Cumque manu voluam cubitum voluendo cruentum
Te faciam mucrone meo. nec fallere possum.

User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 12r


Currently, I am carefully considering splitting the middle of [your] neck
with my edge[68]. For that reason I turned back this elbow so quickly.

And with a hand, I turn the elbow in a circle. By turning in a circle
I make you bloody with my tip. I can't fail.

Because of the turn that I have given you by your elbow
I believe I have cut the middle of your throat.


I will make you turn with the left hand
And in that, I want to give you a great blow.

12v

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Nomine quisque vocat[69] situs / et custodia fallax.
Altera consimilis aliae / contraria [70] necnon.
Sicut et hic posite / similes sic prendimus actus.

Ferrea porta vocor terrena aequaliter ab omni /
Quae semper reparo / cesurae et cuspidis ictus.

Audax / excelsus / muliebris sum situs. alta
Et quocunque modo defendo membra furentis.

Regalis verae: situs hic sum nempe fenestrae:
Et volucrem[71] fateor clara me semper in arte.

Ferrea sum fortis / medianaque Janua dicor.
Doque graves ictus. et cuspide querito mortem.

User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 12v


Each position and deceitful guard is called by a name
Both similar to another, and indeed opposite
Position [yourself][72] just as here, thus we grasp the actions

I am called the iron gate/door, equal to the ground in all ways
I always prepare anything of strikes of the cutting [edge] and the point again

I am the bold, lofty position of the woman. high
and in whatever way I defend the limbs from rage[73]

Here I am certainly the regal position of the "true window"
and I always acknowledge myself as swift in the famous art.

I am the strong iron, and I am called the middle Door.
And I bestow serious strikes and I seek death with the point.

We are called stances and guards by name,
And we are each one similar and contrary to another;
And following the way we stand and are positioned,
We will demonstrate how to make one against another. 

The Full Iron Gate, I am low to the ground
So that I always restrain cuts and thrusts.

I am the Stance of the Queen, noble and proud
For making defense in every manner;
And whoever wants to contend against me
Should find a longer sword than mine.

I am the royal Stance of the True Window
And I am always ready/quick with the whole art.

The Middle Iron Gate, I am strongest
For giving death with thrusts and downward blows,
And through the length of my sword, I feel that
From the narrow play I always defend myself.

13r

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Ense brevi maneo. situs attamen hic ego longus
Nominor / ingenio guttur sepissime scindens.
Frontalis situs ipse vocor / famosa corona.
Nec cuique parco / cesura et cuspide rumpens.

Oppositus denti: muliebris sum situs apri: /
Impedimenta ferens versuto[74] pectore multis.

Sum situs aprinus audax / et viribus ingens /
Expertus cunctis cautelis pandere Vires.

User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 13r


I remain with the short sword, and yet I am called the Long position
here. rending most often the neck due to my natural inclination.

I am called the position of the Browband[75], that is the famous Crown.
Neither do I spare anyone, cutting and breaking with the point

I am the position of the Woman opposite the Boar's Tusk,
bringing impediments to bear with a cunning heart toward many.

I am the position of the bold Boar and immoderate with strength,
Testing [against] all guards to spread strengths

I am the Long Stance with my short sword
And I often strike the throat with cunning.

The Frontlet Stance, I am called the Crown;
I pardon no one, not from the edge nor from the point.

Again, I am the Stance of the Queen against the Boar's Tusk; 
With malice and trickery, I will give of [my sword] in a brawl.

I am the strong Stance of the Boar's Tusk.
My tactic against all the guards is to probe.

13v

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Sum situs hic brevior. longumque remetior[76] ensem.
Cuspide sepe[77] minor. illuc tamen inde revertor(?).
Laevus[78] e:go situs ipse vocor / Veraeque fenestrae.
Sic celer in dextra velut hac sum nempe sinistra.

Protrahor in terram situs en caudatus. et ante /
Postque ago persaepe traiectis ictibus ictus[79].

Nominor a cunctis certe situs ipse[80] bicornis.
Nec pete quam falsus / quam sim nunc callidus in te

User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 13v


I am the short stance here. And I move the sword back [to its original position].
I often threaten with the point. Yet I thenceforth return back to that place.

I am called the left position itself and the True window.
Thus swift on the right side just as I naturally am here on the left.

Behold the tailed position, I am pulled forward on the ground. I very often carry out
the strike before and after, while the strike is beaten through

I myself am certainly named by all the two-horned stance.
As falsely as you ought to attack, now I will be as cunning at you.

I am the Short Stance and I have the sword's length;
Often I thrust the point and then return with cunning.

I am the left Stance of the True Window;
I am just as swift in this one as from the right.

Stance of the Long Tail, I am extended to the ground
Forward and backward, I always make offense:
And if I step forward and enter with a downward blow,
I come to the narrow play without fail.

I make myself called the Stance of the Two-horned Anvil  
If I have enough deceit, I will not challenge it.

14r

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In cruce compressam teneo cum cuspide spatam.
Ex alia secundum parte gravo cum cuspide pectus.


Audito sermone mei nunc ante magistri
Guttur adit madidum mucronis turbida cuspis.

User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 14r

I hold the spatha pressed together [with the other sword] with the point in a crossed position.
Following out of the other part I oppress the chest with the point.

The lecture of my teacher having been heard first,
The violent tip of the sword approaches the juicy throat.

By crossing with you at the tip of the sword
I have settled my point in your chest from the other side.  

From the strike of which the preceding Master spoke,
I have quickly put the point of my sword in your throat.

14v

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In medio nunc ense tenens ego callidus ensem
Ceu cruce / percutiam laevum tibi nempe lacertum
Sit nimis hoc tempus breve quaque uis tanta probando


Te ferio velut ille prior tulit[81] ante magister.
Qui cruce mucronem retinet /[82] quo fallere possit.

User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 14v

I, the Clever One, currently holding the sword in the middle of the sword
 as in a cross, I will certainly thrust through your left shoulder
However exceedingly short this time might be, everything having been tested with such strength.

I strike a bargain with you just as that earlier master told before.
Whoever restrains the tip with the cross is therefore able to deceive.[83]

By crossing at mid-sword, I will strike your left arm;
I will do this quickly because time is short.

From the Master who crosses at mid-sword,
I strike you a bargain with that which he has said. 

15r

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Si subito nostrum ludendo vertimus ensem /
Sic capiti ut palmis ludendo nocere valemus.


Quamvis me teneas manibus / quid proderitur. Hac te
Cuspide percutiam vultum scindendo madentem.

User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 15r

If, in the swordplay, we suddenly turn our sword,
Thus we are strong to injure the head using the hands in the swordplay.

Although you hold me in your hands, something was trodden underfoot. By
rending with this point, I will beat your dripping face.

This is a cruel exchange of thrusts:
A more deceptive thrust than this cannot be made in the art. 
You attacked me with the point and I have given you this;
And I can make more secure it by dodging out of the way.

Because of your hilt, which I have in my hand,
I will mark you with my point in your face.

15v

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In forma crucis hic nos nunc luctando manemus.
Plura sciens ludos Victrices semper habebit.



Nunc tua per terram subito manus impia puntam
Protrahat. hinc feriam te vulnere protinus alto.

User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 15v

We currently linger here, fighting in the shape of a cross.
[The one] Skilled in many things will always have victorious plays.

Suddenly your wicked hand drags a point
to the ground. From here I would strike you with a high wound without pause.

Here we stand crossed near the ground:
And more knowledge of plays will be given.

I beat your point to the ground very quickly
And in this way, I strike you without a doubt. 

16r

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Colla super teneo mucronem. sentis et istud.
Nunc mortis patieris opus. nec fata negabunt.


Dexteriore tui cadet ensis parte / sinistra
Si me voluo celer / sed strictis artubus ante.

User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 16r

I hold the tip at your neck. And you feel that.
You will now suffer the work of death. And the fates will not deny [it].

Your sword will fall from the rightmost part, if
I turn swiftly to the left, and also with the limbs compressed in front.[84]

You feel the sword that I have set at your neck 
And I will show you death on the ground.

If I turn myself close on your left side,
Your sword will be lost from your right hand.

16v

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Tu sentire potes. quam magno vulnere palmam[86]
Contuderim. capulo possem simul atque ferire.


Hic ferio te nempe in manu / ut nexura sit inde
Conquisita mihi / quo grandia despicit arma.

User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 16v

 
You can feel, how I have pulped the palm <that is the hand> with great
wounds. And, at the same time, I could hit you with the hilt.

In this circumstance, I hit you truly in the hand, so that it is bound[87] and thus
conquered by me, therefore, it expresses contempt for great armor.

I have wasted your hand, you can feel it well,
And I could strike your face with my pommel.

Here I waste your hand by coming to a bind
Which is so strong that I care nothing for your armor. 

17r

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Doctus in arte mea resupino pectore vertam
In terram. dehinc te penetrabo cuspide mestum.


Vel linques ensem proprium de parte sinistra.
In terram vel mestus eas. nec posse negabis.

User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 17r

 
Learned in my art, I turn you into the ground thrown over backwards
by your chest. henceforth I will penetrate you, the Ill-Omened One, using the point

Either you will forsake your own sword from the part of the left hand,
or you go into the ground, Ill-Omened One.[88] You cannot refuse.

I send you to the ground with my hilt,
And then I will waste you with my point.

Either you will lose the sword from your left hand,
Or you will go to the ground because of this entry I make. 

17v

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Ense tuo tutum[89] facit hec[90] captura. fit ergo
Nempe meus[91] liber. tuus at sub carcere restat.
Efficit atque ensis ludum qui quartus habetur.[92]
Arte[93] bipennifera / facile ceu quisque videbit.
Inferiore quidem nexura stratus abibis,
Atque tuum feriam letali vulnere pectus.

User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 17v

 
This taking makes <me> safe from your sword. Therefore, it happens
that mine <that is, [my] sword> is truly free. But on the other hand, yours remains imprisoned.
And the sword brings about the play which is the fourth[94]
in the art of wielding the two-edged axe[95], as any can easily see.

Using this lower bind, you will indeed depart prostrate.
and I will strike you (in) the chest with a lethal wound.

This catch makes me safe from your sword:
Mine is free and yours is imprisoned.
And the fourth play which is in the art of the poleax, 
Troubles the sword in armor with this play.

When I saw that I couldn't do anything with the sword, I quickly caught this wrestling catch, which I believe, and I see, and I feel that the armor will not be valuable to you, that I put you into the strong lower bind. In this which is placed after me, I will quickly show it to you.

18r

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Serpentinus ego vocor / et sopranus, et alta
Cuspide planitiem pono mea membra sub imam.
Inque situ aspecto leopardi nempe serenum
Cesuras semper et cuspidis ima refrenans
Hac nunc tectura quemcumque refellere credas /
Ludere discipulos veluti quandoque videbis.

User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 18r

 
I am called the serpent, and also tall and high
with the point level, I place my limbs below it to the greatest extent.

And in the position of the leopard, I truly gaze out serenely
and always restraining the deepest cuttings of the point.

You currently have faith in this cover to refute anyone at any time,
just as you will see whenever the students are playing.

I am the Serpent, the Sovereign;
I shoot great thrusts down low.
I also cover against cuts and thrusts,
Those strikes amount to little to me.

I am the stance called the True Cross
And cuts and thrusts mean nothing to me.

With this cover I believe that I can waste anyone,
Following that which you will see the student do to you. 

18v

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A tectura exit cuspis haec ima magistri.
Atque alios faciam ludos si quando libebit.


Cuspide mucronis in terram stratus abibis.
Et pejora tibi faciam sibi mente sedebit.

User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 18v

 
This point emerges last from the cover of the master
and I will make other plays when it pleases me.

You will go forth, spread on the ground with the point of your sword[96],
and I will do worse to you if it [a weapon] sinks deeply into [your] brain.


This thrust exits from the Master's cover,
And the other plays hereafter may well arise.

You go to the ground because of the point of the sword, 
And if I do not do you worse you will have a bargain.

19r

19v

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Sex sumus in factis armorum valde periti
Actus. Quos faciet quicumque magister in armis
Ensem seu dagam superabit et inde bipennem.

Sum situs ipse brevis. vocor et sub nomine recto
Serpentinus adhuc penetrando cuspide doctus.

Sum situs, et dicor crux multis vera magistris.
Nec mihi cuspis obest, cesura nec ipsa nocebit.

Hic mucro mutabit statum penetrando malignum.
Nam mea membra tego validis erectus in[97] armis

Sum mediana quondem ferri stans condita porta.
Cuspide nec noceo nimis. At sum semper inanis[98].

User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 19v

 
We are six intensely skilled acts among the deeds of armor[,]
Which whoever is a master in arms executes
Thence he [the master] will conquer sword or dagger and the double axe.

I am the short position and I am referred to under the correct name
of serpentine, besides I am skilled in penetrating with the point

I am the position and I am called the true cross by many masters.
Neither the [your] point is hurtful to me, nor will the cut itself harm [me]

This [sword] tip will change the spiteful stance by penetrating.
On the other hand, when upright, I cover my limbs with strong armor.

I am the middle, indeed, the gate of iron standing established.
I do no little harm with the point. And I am always deceptive.


We are six guards for armored fencing,
Which art we know how to perform in its completeness.
And this art concludes everything in the right truth:
It applies poleax, sword, and dagger to great extremes. 
And here we'll explain how the art can come:
Masters and students will do it without lying.

I am the Shortened Stance, the Serpent,
And I have a fine point for passing through armor.

Of the Stance of the Cross, I am the Bastard,
And I will not delay in making her plays.

I am the Archer's Stance, the sentinel,
And I am always ready to strike and cover.

In the Iron Gate, I am the Middle:
Throwing great thrusts, I am always deceitful.

20r

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Hoc patet in textu pictura teste docente.
Hincque vides que daga contundere possum.



Nil valuit tibi daga / cito tam terga coegi
Voluere./ nec vultum poteris mihi pandere tristem.

User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 20r

 
This is well known in the text, the evidence being taught by the picture.
And you see that I can pound you to pieces with the dagger.

Nothing prevails with the dagger for so quickly do I compel [you] to turn
the back. Neither can you expose your sorrowful face to me.


The proof is found depicted here:
You see that I can strike you without difficulty. 

The sword has won against the dagger here,
Because I have turned you and pushed you.

20v

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Inijceret quicumque mihi sub(?)[99] vertice spatam /
Tecturam hanc facerem cubitum prendendo sinistra.
Atque manu propria ludentis terga rotarem.
Inde suos renes dagam penetrante ferirem.


Optimus iste movens ludendi et cautus in arte.
Neque tegam feriamque simul nudando mucronem.

User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 20v

 
Were someone to throw a sword at the base of my head,[100]
I would make this covering by grasping the elbow with the left.
And the characteristic of this play: I rotate you to the back with my hand.
Thence I will strike the dagger penetratingly into your kidneys.

Provoking the deception and caution in the art is/are the best.
And I would cover myself[101], and I would simultaneously strike the tip at the opening.[102]


If someone were to attack me with a sword to my head, 
I would make this cover with a quick catch;
I would turn him with the left hand
And then I would strike with a dagger in his back.

This is another odd match:
The sword makes an invitation against the dagger.
The sword will make the play of the Scholar
And will demonstrate that the dagger can do nothing.

21r

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Nam palma tutam signo sic defero dagam.
Cum manibus tollam cunctis gestantibus ipsam.
Cum cunctos superem qui possunt bellica mecum
Pro manibus fractis ornatus porto lacertis.

Brachia conclaudas cunctis bellantibus orbe
Taliter ut dextram nequeant praetendere tutam /
Nunc letus claves manibus sic congero binas.

Queris cur pedibus pessundo gloria tales
Cur luctando viros dico prosternere cuntos
Palma quidem nostra praetenditur sistere dextra.

User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 21r

Florius

For instance, I signify as safe, using the palm, thus I carry off the dagger.
Everything having been carried off in victory, I lift that same [dagger] with my hand.

When I conquer all the ones who can be warlike,
I, the Distinguished One, carry with me the broken hands in front [of me] by the arms.

I secure the confined arms from all warlike people in the region.
In this way they are unable to extend the right hand /
Now I thus joyfully collect pairs of keys in [my] hands

You ask why I, with glory, destroy such excellent ones under my feet.
because I assert I knock down all men by wrestling
Indeed the palm in our right hand is extended to stop [them].


21v

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Primus ego dagae cautus[103] vocor ipse magister.
Cumque manu leva pretento tollere dagam.



Circum nempe tuum dagam convolvo lacertum.
Nec perdens illam miserum te pectore tundam.

User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 21v

 
I am called the Cautious One, that is, the first master of the dagger.
You lift with your hand and extended [arm][104] to steal the dagger.

To be sure, I twist my dagger around your shoulder.
Without squandering that [dagger] I will beat you, the Wretched One, in the chest.

I am the First Master of the Dagger, full of guile,
And with my left hand I will wind the dagger around your arm, 
And truth to tell I can make many other plays,
And my students will do them cunningly.

If I make a turn around your arm with my dagger,
I will strike you in the chest, and it will not be taken from me.

22r

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Hoc tua contrario tectura refellitur ecce
Et neque converse palme ludj / non atque priores
Proficient. tu deinde miser moriture recumbes.
Credo quidem terram quam nunc tu perfide tanges.
Et faciam peiora tibi dehinc ipse[105] jacentj.

User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 22r

 
Behold! Your covering is refuted by an opposition
and both the switching of the hands within the play, and the one being in front
accomplish this. Next, you, the miserable one, lie down dying.

Indeed, Treacherous One, I believe you will immediately touch so much ground today.
And after that, I myself[106] would do worse to you, who lies prostrate.


[You won’t be able to make] the plays that came before, nor the plays from the backhand strikes [that follow], 
Because with this counter, your cover will be completely lost.

Here I believe you go to the ground.
I will do this to you, then I will do worse to you.

22v

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[107] Incautus terram prostrato pectore tanges.
Armiger hunc poterit securius addere ludum.


Frangere quisque pont(?) socio luctando lacertum
Ceu teneo. sentire datus quicumque libebit.

User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 22v

 
You, the Unprotected One, will touch the ground, prostrate on your chest.
The Armored One can impart safety to this game.

Anyone could break the shoulder of the associate while wrestling.
It will please anyone [that] I hold in this way to feel this gift.

You go to ground because you know little
and in armour more follows if I can hold fast 

This is a wasting of each arm
In the way you feel that I hold you and do it. 

23r

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Propter capturam quam nunc facit ille magister /
Non sine fractura discedes credo lacertj.


Arripiam subito violento turbine dagam
Ante tamen cubitum prope volvam brachia fortis[108]

User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 23r

 
Because of the taking [which] that master now makes,
I believe [that] you will not withdraw without a broken/fractured shoulder.

I will snatch your dagger suddenly with a violent whirlwind,
Before I, the Strong One, will also turn your arm close by the elbow.

By the catch of my master which doesn't fail me, 
I thus break your arm over my shoulder.

Your dagger will quickly be taken from you 
With this catch, I make your elbow turn.

23v

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[109] Non labor est ullus mihi te sternendo cadentem.
Surgere nec poteris sine grandi vulnere liberj.


Me tego luctantem sicut cruce nempe lacertis.
Omnibus atque modis possum colludere primis.

User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 23v

 
It is not any work for me having scattered you, the Fallen One
You are not able to rise up free of great wounds

I cover myself when wrestling in the same way as in a cross, with the arms, of course.[110]
And I can play with all of the previous methods.

It is no trouble for me to make you fall, 
But rising will be a great struggle for you.

And I cover with my arms crossed
And I can do all the plays that have gone before, 
And none of those of the backhand will miss
Since I can do them all one by one.

24r

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Subque meo levo[111] dexter tuus ecce lacerto
Clauditur. inclusum mala te quam plura morantur.



Me licet impressum teneas / retinendo lacertum
Inferiore tum clave pressura nocebit.

User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 24r

 
Behold! your right side is enclosed under my left
shoulder. How many calamities linger over you, the Imprisoned One.

If you cannot hold[112] that compression[113],
It will then injure the shoulder of the Retained One using the lower key.

Your right arm is enclosed under my left;
I can make it very bad for you and you remain imprinted. 

Because you have enclosed my arm this way,
I will give you grief in this catch, the lower key.

24v

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Voluere si possum manibus nunc ipse lacertum /
Tristis illo(?) eternum mediana in clave manebis.



Degere non facies mediana in clave. sed isto
Me nunc contrario / tibi convenit / ut mihi cedas.

User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 24v

 
If I myself can now turn the shoulder using the hands,
you, Sorrowful One, will remain eternally in the middle key

You do not continue in the middle key.
But now, using this counter from me,[114] you will find it fitting that you should yield to me.

If I can turn this, your arm
I will make you suffer in the middle key. 

You will not make me suffer in the middle key,
Because with this counter it will convenience you to release me. 

25r

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Aptus ego in terram sum nunc te pellere mestum.
Et si contrarium deerit / faciam tibi praesto.[115]



Hoc nunc contrarium propero / ceu rite videbis.
Percutiam flagrante animo tua membra deinde.

User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 25r

 
Now I am the Suitable One beating you, Ill-Omened One, into the ground.
And if the counter is absent, I would suddenly do [the preceding action] to you.

Now I hurry this counter, as you will duly see.
Afterward, I would beat your limbs with a burning spirit

For sending you to the ground, I'm clever and well-placed: 
If you fail the counter, I'll do it to you quickly.

I've prepared the counter in this way
And I will be satisfied in wounding you.

25v

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Me tego ceu cernis grandi valitudine motus.
Ante modos quos quisque potuit efficere tento.



Hoc nunc contrario ludos ego fallo priores.
Taliter et voluam quam post te vulnere perdam[116]

User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 25v

 
I cover myself, as you discern, with great strength of movement.
In advance of the methods, which anyone could execute, I attack.

I now deceive the previous games with this counter.
In such a manner, I will turn you so far behind and I will destroy you with wounds.[117]

For more strength, I cover in this match;
I make you an invitation for all previous remedies.

It conveniences the previous play to fail because of this counter; 
I will injure you with my dagger, such turns will I make you do. 

26r

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Tam celer hoc actu faciem tibi nempe rescindam.
Discipulus docet hoc cruce ducens ensis amictum
Per terram. Sed mucro tuus vel flexus abibit
Vel fractus numquam poteris operarier[118] illum.
Percutiam nulloque tuum prohibente tenebo
Pignore mucronem / tam turpiter ipse gubernas
Jura tenedo meum. quo nunc traiectus obibis.

User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 26r

 
Nevertheless, I, the Swift One, would truly cut out your face using this act.[119]
The student teaches this: leading to the act of cloaking the sword in the ground from the location of the cross[120].
But your tip will either go away bent
or be broken. You can never again use that [sword].

I would hit your tip and hindered by none I will
hold the surety / you conduct yourself so disgracefully
you must swear an oath by holding[121] mine [my sword] / by which you will now die transfixed.

From the crossing at the ground which the Scholar makes 
I come to cut your face because of my swiftness;
And your sword will end up bent or broken
And it will no more be able to work or bargain.

Because of your hilt which I hold in my hand,
I will strike you and your sword will be my prize. 

26v

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Hoc capulo vultum ferio tibi nempe feroci.
Hoc / quia mucronem pulsasti tactibus imis.


Ictus hic est alter capulo referire sodalem /
Dumtamen hic celeres sint ars atque ipse magister.

User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 26v

 
Truly, I strike your face with this cruel sword hilt.
This, because you have knocked the tip with the farthest touches.


This strike is the second to strike back at the companion with the sword hilt,
Provided that in the present circumstances speedy ones would still be art and the real master.

Because my sword has received a blow
And because of this catch, my pommel strikes you in the face. 

This is another strike with my pommel,
Following the quickness of the art and the masters. 

27r

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In cruce prevalidus proprium tibi carpo mucronem.
Hinc te iam mestum cesura cuspide sive
Percutiam. spätaeque manus attollere dicor
Conträrium[122]. et valeo tua membra ferire patenter.
Tangere nec poteris ullis violatibus ensem.
Te iacio in terram magno/ quem precipis / actu
Nec sum deceptus ensem tibi ponere collo.

User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 27r

 
I, strong in the preceding cross, seize your own special sword [mucronem].
Hence if I would now strike you, the Ill-Omened One, cutting with the point [cuspide].
And I am called the counter to lifting the sword [spatae] in the hands.[123]
And I am strong to openly strike your limbs.
You won't be able to touch the sword [ensem] using any violations.


I throw you to the ground with this great action, which you anticipate,
I was not deceived and I place the sword to your neck.[124]

I've trapped your sword by the hilt,
And I'll strike you a great bargain with edge and point: 
Also, I am the counter to the sword in the raised hand;
I can strike you and it can't touch me. 

I send you to the ground in this match;
I haven't failed to thrust my sword to your neck. 

27v

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Ense tuo proprios disco referire lacertos.
Aut te percutiam. simul hoc[125] vel brachia claudam.[126]


Quam prudenter ago spatam propriumque lacertum
Connectendo tuum. potero te namque ferire.

User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 27v

 
I learn to strike your upper arm back[wards] with your sword.
Either I would beat you, and simultaneously with this [strike back], I would also confine your lower arm.

How greatly do I prudently impel you, by enfolding [your] own arm and sword.
For in fact I will be able to strike a bargain with you.

Not in PD, only Paris and Getty.

This play is taken from the play of the dagger—namely, from the first remedy master, who puts his left hand under the dagger so as to take it from the hand; similarly, this scholar puts his left hand under the right hand of the player so as to take his sword from his hand.

Otherwise, he will put him in a middle bind as in the second play that is after the first remedy master of dagger that was mentioned before. And that bind is this scholar's.

28r

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Ut mihi tu posses ensem convellere leva
Venisti. hic tandem contrario at ipse peribis.


Claudere sub proprio voluisti false lacerto
Ensem. contrarium sed et hoc te vertet in imum.

User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 28r

 
You moved with your left hand [into the position] in order to be able to tug my sword.
but on the other hand, You yourself will die at last by means of the counter.


You falsely wanted to enclose the sword under your own arm.
But also this counter will turn you the farthest.

Not in other copies Not in other copies

You wanted to enclose my sword under your arm 
But the counter brings you to an evil end here. 

28v

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Ense meo clausi palmam. tu vertice tandem
Vulnera multa miser patieris. Quicquod at ipse
Efficio[127] / contra facio mucrone. et prevalet ista
Nexio permultum. quia plurima facta ministrat.


Obliquam in partem recta d(e?) parte subivj.
Hac igitur vitam linques cum cuspide tristem.

User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 28v

 
I confined the palm using my sword. You, the Wretched One, will, in the end,
suffer many wounds on the top of your head. And whatever I myself
bring about, I work against using the tip. And that binding prevails
greatly. Because it [the binding] serves up many actions.


From the straight side, I move under into the other side.[128]
Here accordingly you quit the sad life by means of the point.

Note that in the upper register, the text looks like a good match for Pisani-Dossi, but the Florius illustration seems to show a different moment of action, and show it from the other side of the fight.

I have enclosed your hand with my sword,
And I will strike you a bargain with many strikes to your head; 
And I make a counter to the middle taking of the sword:
This bind I have made, which arises thus.

I appear to come from the right, but I enter on the left 
To give you this thrust with pain and harm;
I make myself called Deceitful Thrust by name,
And I am so cruel as I exchange the point of the sword. 

29r

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Iste motus quo privo virum ludendo mucrone
Dicitur a cunctis sopranus dexter in armis.
Quem multis vicibus ego Florius ipse probavj.



Accipiens ensem / medianum protinus ictum
Efficio / mucrone premens tua membra furentj
Vel proprio / vel forte tuo quem credis adesse.

User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 29r

 
This movement, by means of which I rob the man with the sword[129] during play,
Is called High on the Right by everyone in arms.
I, Florius, have tested this myself in many exchanges.


Grabbing the sword, I immediately execute a middle strike[130]
Overwhelming your limbs with the raging tip, or with your own [sword]
Or with your luck, which you trust is present

This taking of the sword is called Above; 
Which Fiore Furlano made a thousand times and more. 

Here I make the taking of the sword in the middle, 
And I will give you grief with my sword or yours. 

29v

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Inferiore loco capitur sic ensis acutus.
Quod faceret quicunque manet[131] hac arte peritus.


Esse meum reputo quem cernis nempe mucronem
Et volvendo / tibi faciam profecto pudorem.
Ac manibus retraham proprijs ni fata repugnent

User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 29v

 
Thus the sharp sword is captured from the lower position
Everyone has done this who remains skilled in the art


I calculate [that] you perceive that to truly be my sword[132] [now]
And by rotating, I will bring shame to you, the Departing One.
And I pull back with my own hands if the fates do not disagree

This is the taking of the sword from below: 
It will be made well by whoever is a gifted master in the art. 

I take this sword for my own: 
In turning and taking, I will do you villainy. 

30r

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Dexterior tectura monet / ut gutture prendam.
In terram tu deinde miser sterneris opacam.


Te similj in terram ludo consternimus altam.
Hoc quoque perficiam. pedibus tamen ipse[133] manebo.

User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 30r

 
The cover on the right side foretells that I would grasp [you] by the throat.
Then you, the Miserable One, will be scattered upon the dark ground.


By means of a similar play, we scatter you into the deep ground.
I would finish this, too. Nevertheless, I myself will remain [on my] feet.

From the right cover I have caught you so well,
That I will lay you out on the ground.

[Bottom play not in Pisani Dossi. Text from Getty:]

This play is done like this: that is, that someone goes with a middle blow against a left-side middle blow and then quickly goes to the tight [play] (with a cover). He throws the sword around his companion’s neck (as you see drawn here); he can then throw him to the ground without fail.


30v

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Accipio manibus capturam tempore longo
Quesitam ut possim miserum te sternere terrae.


In terram resupinus ibis. vultumque tenebit
Ensis. hoc edocuit dextrae tectura potentis.

User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 30v

 
I grab the takings using [my] hands[,] having sought for a long time
In order to be able to scatter you, the Miserable One, to the ground.


You will go into the earth lying on your back, and the sword will hold
[your] face. This thoroughly teaches powerful covers on the right side.

I have in hand the catch that I have sought with you 
For putting you on the ground with your sword. 

From the cover on the right side, thus have I caught you: 
You will be laid out on the ground, my sword in your face. 

31r

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Denodare potuit socio sibi quisque lacertum.
Atque sua damnare necj cum cuspide dagae.


Arripio dagam tibi nunc. nec fallere possum.
Si quem volo in clavj potero te nectere versum.[134]

User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 31r

 
Anyone can dislocate[135] the shoulder using the associate themself.
And you can condemn him to death with the point of the dagger.


I snatch the dagger now, and I can't fail.
If I want, I will be able to bind anyone in the key, having turned you around <that is, rolled back>

This is another strong dislocation, 
And I can give death to you with your dagger. 

I take your dagger—this I want to do— 
And if I want, I can bind you in the key. 

31v

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Inferior clavis fertur sub nomine fortis
Est nexura quidlibet nimio discrimine mortis.
Si quis in hac intrat, vix hac exire valebit.


Hoc ego contr:arium perago luctando m:agistri
Efficiens palma manuum quocunque reversa.
Tuque hac captura procumbes poplite flexo

User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 31v

 
The Lower Key is received under the name of a strong thing.[136]
Any and all are excessively bound by the peril of death.
If someone enters into this, they will scarcely [be able to] take their leave from this to escape/die.


I complete this Counter of the Master by wrestling
Bringing [the counter] about by means of the reversed palm of the hand by any and all means.
And YOU will sink down here with bent knee due to this taking.

This is called the strong key [lock] underneath 
and the perilous bind of death. 
The which bind, truth to tell,  
whoever enters it, may exit* it badly.

* ensire=escire=uscire

The counter of the master of the backhand, this I know how to do, 
and I will make you kneel on the ground through this catch.

32r

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Ambabus manibus socium nunc prendo magister.[137]
Desuper et subter possum te laedere ferro.


Ut te demittam in terram sum nempe paratus.
Et capiti mala multa dabo, si mente sedebit.

User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 32r

 
I, the Master, now grasp the associate using both hands.
From above and from below, I can injure you using a weapon.


In order that I will send you down to the ground, I am of course prepared.
And I will give many bad things to the head, if it will be fixed in [my] mind.

I am a master that makes the catch with two hands: 
I can make offense from above and from below. 
If I turn your shoulders and don't release your arm, 
The first scholar will give you trouble like this. 

I am well-prepared for sending you to ground; 
If your head doesn't break, you'll have a good deal 

32v

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Hic[138] motus est alter socium prosternere terrae.
Non tamen est tutus qui simili ludere tentat.


Hoc iterum te nempe modo demittere possum
In terram. Dehinc ipse[139] tibi peiora probabo.

User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 32v

 
This is another movement to knock the associate down to the ground.
Nevertheless anyone who attempts to wrestle similarly is not safe.


Truly, in this other way, I can send you to the ground
in this way. Thereafter, <I> myself will demonstrate worse things on you.

This is another that binds and sends you to the ground, 
And against this catch, the person is not well-secured. 

In this way, I also put you on the ground; 
Once you are on the ground, I will do you worse. 

33r

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Taliter ipse[140] tuam convolvam turbine dagam /
Quod tibi sive vetes[141] capiam / tu sive repugnes.


Si prope[142] nunc cubitum dagam tibi tollere tento,
Illa te subito privatum nempe videbis.

User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 33r

 
In this way, I myself will carry your dagger away with a whirling motion,
Because I seize that thing of yours, whether you prevent or YOU fight back


If I now attempt to lift your forearm near the dagger,
You will certainly see those things in their sudden ascension[143] for the purpose of depriving you

I will make your dagger do a turn, 
So that it will quickly be taken from you. 

If I lift your dagger behind your elbow, 
You will feel that it will be quickly taken from you. 

33v

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Hoc ego contrarium palmis nunc querito binis,
Ut me defendem[144] veluti facit ille magister.
Qui capit ambabus manibus luctando sodalem.


Pectore me prendis. Nec adhuc mihi ledere posses.
Denodabo tuum tamen hunc luctando lacertum.

User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 33v

 
Now I seek the counter to this with both palms,
In order to defend myself just as that master does.
In this way he seizes the companion with both hands during wrestling.


You grasp me by the chest, and yet you cannot strike at me,
Nevertheless I will dislocate this shoulder by means of wrestling.

To the master who makes a catch with two hands, 
I make this counter for my defense. 

As a master, I want each of my [students] to know[145]
That the collar grab will not hinder any defense. 
Because of the wounding that I do to your elbow, 
You will feel your arm dislocate very quickly. 

34r

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Te prope nunc cubitum feriam. me deinde relinques.
Atque tuam validus dagam tentabo repente.


Vel supra cubitum feriam vel deprope pugnum.
Inque loco miserum[146] denodabo. Hinc pectora linques.

User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 34r

 
I would strike you now near the elbow. Then you will leave me alone.
I, the Strong One, will unexpectedly attack your dagger.


Either I strike above the elbow or low near the fist.
And I will dislocate the miserable thing in that place. Hence you will leave the chest[147].

Because of this injury near your elbow, it will convenience you to release me, 
And I will quickly come to seek your dagger. 

I will wound you near your fist or over your elbow; 
I will dislocate your limb[148] and you will quickly release me. 

34v

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Experior quo te resupinem protinus actum.
Si te non sternam meliorem forte parabo.[149]


Tutus ut in terram nunc vadas, credere possum.
Nec tua daga michi poterit profecto nocere.

User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 34v

 
I test the action by which means I would overthrow you straight away.
If I do not scatter you, I would perchance perpare a more useful [action].[150]


I, the Safe One, can believe, that you will now rush into the ground.
Certainly your dagger will not be able to harm me.

I want to try to overturn you to the ground in this way; 
If I cannot do it, I will do another play to you. 

Certain and sure, you would lament going to the ground, 
And I care little or nothing about your dagger.

35r

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Non deceptus ero levum frangendo lacertum.
Quem dextra teneo spatula luctando gravatum.


Te tali teneo forma / prendoque gementem /
Quam nunc cum spatulis terram sterneris in imam.

User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 35r

 
I will not have been cheated of breaking [your] left shoulder.
Anyone, who is burdensome, I hold by means of the right shoulder using wrestling


I grasp you in such excellent shape, and I seize the Groaning One,
you are now scattered to the farthest ground with the shoulderblades.

You feel that over my right shoulder 
Breaking your left arm doesn't fail me. 

Because of the way that I have caught you and I hold you, 
You'll go to the ground with your shoulders spread out. 

35v

Page:MS Latin 11269 35v.jpg


Hanc nunc tecturam facio /[151] quo tollere dagam /
Possim. Sed multis possum te ledere ludis.


Volvere si possum tibi nunc certando lacertum /
Inferiore cito faciam te in mergere clave.

User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 35v

 
Now I make this cover, for which reason[152] I would be able to
Lift the dagger. But I can wound you with many plays.


If I can now turn your shoulder while contending
I quickly make you sink according to the Lower Key.

I make this cover in order to take your dagger, 
And I will make trouble for you with other plays. 

If I can turn this arm of yours, 
I will make you enter the lower lock [key]. 

36r

Page:MS Latin 11269 36r.jpg


Nunc quia te manibus teneo luctando gemellis
Arripiam dagam veluti tu nempe mereris.


Tollere nunc doceo dagam ludendo sodalj.
Hoc quam discipulus nescivit ludere primus.

User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 36r

 
Now because I hold you with [my] hands while fighting like the Gemini twins,
I would snatch the dagger just as you truly deserve.


Now I teach [how] to lift the dagger during fighting with the companion.
as the first student doesn't know how to fight this [lifting].

I hold you by your arm with two hands 
I'll take the dagger from you as you deserve. 

The previous student doesn't do his play 
And I demonstrate taking the dagger in his place. 

36v

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Non cognosco hominem cum quo non ludere possem,
Si dagam in dagam vertendo ducimus ambo,
Armatus vel sim vel forte carentibus armis.
Et placet iste motus, sit strictus dummodo ludus.


Hanc ego tecturam facio munitus in armis
Et subito in mediam clavem quae terminat omne
Bellum, nec contra valet ullus bellica tractans,
Intrabo. nec obesse potuit mihi quisque reluctans

User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 36v

 
I am not aware of any person with whom I cannot play,
If we both lead by turning dagger into dagger,
[If] I were either armored or by chance without armor.
And that movement would be pleasing, provided that the play is tight.


Defending, I make this covering in armor.
I suddenly enter the Middle Key, which ends all war,
Any warlike dabbler[153] is not strong against it.
Anyone resisting cannot hurt me.

From dagger to dagger, I don't know anyone that be; 
In armor and without, I'll do him great villainy, 
And fighting in the lists, that is my delight, 
Because I'll defeat everyone through such tight play. 

Being armored, I want to take this cover 
And I want to quickly enter into the middle lock [key]— 
that which is the ending of battle, 
And there's no defense that goes against it. 

37r

Page:MS Latin 11269 37r.jpg

Hac cruce porto meam dagam luctando. nec obstat
Ulla sibi in ludo dantis defensio dagae.
Sed multis ludendo motis vastare valebo


Praevalet iste motus cruce dagam nempe tenentj.
Supra nanque[154] potuit operarj & subter in armis.
Vadit ad extremam nexuram hic ludus aperte
Inferior. Mediana iacet sub forte supermo.

User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 37r

 
I bring my dagger to this cross in wrestling.
Any defense of the dagger given in the play does not hinder this.
But I will powerfully lay waste with many moves in playing.


That move certainly prevails by keeping the dagger itself in the cross
in fact it can be worked above and below in armor
This lower play clearly goes to the outer bind
The middle is situated by chance under the highest.[155]

I am the Eighth Master and I cross with my dagger, and this play is good in armor and without armor, and some of my plays are placed earlier and some later. Similar to the third previous play—that is, that he wounds the player in the hand with the point of his dagger—I could wound this man underhand just as [that student] wounded him overhand. Also, I could take his hand by the joint with my left hand and I could wound him with the right (according to that which you will find later in the ninth student of the Ninth Master, who wounds the player in the chest; abandoning my dagger, I could also do the final play).

In armor, this is a very strong crossing 
Because it can bind from above and from below: 
This goes to the low bind, 
And that one from above goes to the middle. 

37v

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Hunc ludum poterit istius forte magistri
Discipulus facere. dagam que auferre[156] potentem
En ego transivj subter ludendo lacertum.
Capturamque etiam liquj. Sed terga gravabo.

User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 37v

 
The student can, by chance, make this play of
that master and can snatch away the powerful dagger.


Behold, I cross underneath the shoulder in this playing.
I have left the taken thing [i.e., the dagger] alone. But I will harm the back.

The first scholar of this, my master, 
Can take the dagger and can make this play. 

Not leaving the catch, I step underneath your arm; 
I will cause you trouble from behind your shoulders. 

38r

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Inferiore tibi nexura tollere vitam
Praeparo / si possum tibi voluere forte lacertum.


Denodare modo simili tibi nempe lacertum
Inferiore etiam clave connectere possum.

User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 38r

 
I prepare to steal the life of yours from the lower bind.
If I can perhaps turn your shoulder.


I can certainly dislocate your shoulder in a similar way,
And also I can fold your shoulder together using the lower key.

If I can give a half turn to your arm, 
Your life will be taken in the lower bind. 

I can dislocate your arm in this way, 
I could also bind you in the lower lock [key]. 

38v

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Vt mihi prensuras lucrer, sum nempe paratus.
Si te non fallo poterit prodesse parumper.
Querito mutare[158] quo te confallere possim.
Hinc te per terram properanti pectore vertam.

Si non ingenio vinces quidem credere possum
viribus ipse[159] meis patieris pessima multa.

En venio tensis cupiens superare lacertis.[160]
Ut mihi prensuras lucrer ludendo potentes.

User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 38v

 
I am certainly prepared to gain graspings for myself.[161]
If I don't deceive you, it can be useful for a short time

I seek to change where I would be able to deceive you completely.
From here, I will turn you through the ground by the speeding chest.

If you don't defeat [me] with a clever trick, I can indeed believe
[that] you yourself will suffer many worse things due to my strength.

Behold, I come, desiring to conquer with extended arms;
I gain powerful graspings for myself by playing.

I am prepared to gain the holds; 
If I don't deceive you, you'll have a bargain. 

I seek to make a change to the fight, 
And with that, I'll make you go to the ground. 

If you don't defeat me with cunning, I believe 
That I'll do bad and worse to you with my strength. 

I come with my arms well-extended like this 
In order to gain holds in every way. 

39r

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Hac ego prensura, faciam te tangere terram.
Denodabo tuum laevum uter forte lacertum.


Ore tuo terram te cogam lambere turpem.
Vel faciam intrare miserum te clave sed ima.

User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 39r

 
With this grasp, I would cause you to touch the ground.
I will dislocate your left shoulder or perhaps the other.

I will compel you, The Foul One, to lick the ground with your mouth.
Or I will cause you, The Miserable/Wretched One, to enter the lowest Key.[162]

I'll make you go to the ground with this hold, 
Or I'll dislocate your left arm. 

I'll make you kiss the ground with your mouth 
Or I'll make you enter the lower lock [key]. 

39v

Page:MS Latin 11269 39v.jpg


Renibus in terram iaciam te protinus imam.
Nec sine tristifica poteris consurgere pena.


Hac te prensura facerem procumbere terrae,
Si melior cunctis esses ludendo magistris

User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 39v

 
I will immediately throw you onto the kidneys into the farthest ground.
You will not be able to stand up without pains making you sad.


Using this grasp I would make you sink to the ground,
Even if you were better than all the masters at playing

And I'll make you fall on your back on the ground 
And I won't let you rise without pain. 

Even if you were a master of wrestling, 
I'd make you go to the ground with this hold. 

40r

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Propter prensuram, superb quaa, luctor et infra,
Vertice contundes terram. nec fata negabunt.
Apposui palmas faciei. Sed tamen illas
Inde libens movi. Quo[163] te dermergere possem
Prerensuris aliis. quas nunc ostendere tento.

User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 40r

 
Because of this grasp, whereby I wrestle above and below,
you will pound sand with the crown of your head. Nor will the fates deny it.

I have placed [my] palm on [your] face.[164]
But nevertheless it is pleasing [that] I removed these [hands] hence,
For which reason I was able to plunge you away with other grasps;
Which I now attempt to point out.

Because of the hold that I have above and below you 
Your head will be broken on the ground. 

I've placed my hand on your face well like this. 
I'll make a demonstration of other holds for you. 

40v

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In terram tendes tristi confusus honore.
Hoc quia sub laevo teneo[165] caput ipse[166] lacerto.



Aure sed hac digitum teneo luctando sinistra
Prensuram ut perdas qua me superare tenebas.

User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 40v

 
You, the Disorderly One, will aim toward the ground with sorrowful honor.
Because I hold this head under the left[167] shoulder.


I hold [the] finger under this left ear while wrestling
so that you lose your grasp which you were holding to overcome me

Because I have positioned my head under your arm, 
I'll make you go to the ground with little trouble. 

Because I hold my thumb under your left ear, 
I see that the hold that you had fails you. 

41r

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[168]Proditor arte tua carpsisti me quoque retro.
Haec prensura tamen terram te ponit[169] in imam.


Ludusb hica interdum celebratur crurad rotandic.
Non tamen est aptus. Fallit nam saepe tenentes.

User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 41r

 
You have seized me by means of your art and also from the back, Traitor.
This grasp nevertheless places[170] you in the farthest ground.

This play called the whirling legs is sometimes glorified.
But it is not suitable, because it fails those who hold tightly to it.

You grabbed me from behind with great treason 
And this hold will send you to the ground without fail. 

This wrestling is a tumbling trick, 
That of the five, not one comes to pass. 

41v

Page:MS Latin 11269 41v.jpg

Concordi concepta animo, prensura vocatur
Extranea. Hac tandem faciam te degere mestum



Taliter ipse[171] tuos confringam poplite duro
Testiculos, quam nullae aderint in pectore vires.

User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 41v

 
This is called a foreign/external grasp, as understood by concurring
minds. I would make you, the Ill-Omened One, endure at length here.


In this way, I myself shatter your testicles with my hard knee,
So much that no strength will be present in your chest.

This is agreed to be a strange hold; 
I can make you suffer without defense like this. 

I will make such a blow to your testicles, 
That all your strength will be removed. 

42r

Page:MS Latin 11269 42r.jpg

Tot tibi congemino naso patiente dolores
Quam cito me tecum ludentem credo relinques.



Destituj simili prensura (sicque fatemur)
Membra tuj. tamen ipse[172] miser ruiturus abibis
Contrario. Ceu rite vides, si lumine cernis.

User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 42r

 
I will double so many pains to your nose by means of suffering
i believe that you will let me go so quickly in this play with you.

From a similar grasp (I confess) I set down your leg.
Nevertheless, you, the Sad One, who are going to fall headlong, will depart by means of the counter.
As you duly see, if you're not blind.[173]

I make so much pain and grief in your nose, 
That your wish will be to release me quickly. 

It's true that I've released you from that hold, 
And with this counter you'll be grounded. 

42v

Page:MS Latin 11269 42v.jpg

Subque tuo mento plures tibi tracto dolores.
Renibus ut terram contingam tristibus imam.[174]



Cum manibus faciem premis hic ludendo gemellis.
Contrarium sed et hoc oculo magis inde nocebit.[175]

User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 42v

 
I drag more pains to you and under your chin.
In order to touch your sorrowful kidneys to the farthest ground. [176]


You press the face with twin hands in this play.
But the counter will then hurt the eye more.

I make sorrow and grief for you under the chin, 
So that you'll quickly go to the ground on your back. 

You bother me with your hands on my face, 
And with this counter to the eyes I bother you more. 

43r

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Iste licet ludus vix sit hac cognitus arte,
Experto tamen ipse viro succedit honeste.



Contrarium primi servo profecto magistri.
Atque hac tectura mala nunc quam plura probabo.

User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 43r

 
Granted that this play is scarcely known in this art
Nevertheless it honorably succeeds for an experienced man.

I certainly remain in this counter of the first master.
But also I will now demonstrate bad things and more by means of this cover.

Although this play is not used often, 
It is done very well by whoever has practiced it. 

I wield the counter to the first master: 
I'll do bad and worse to him with such a cover. 

43v

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Regis ego primi dagam retinentis, aperte
Contrarium facio. Patet hoc feriendo lacertum.


Contrario illius, mala quod quam plura minatur
Hic rego me, ut socium letalj vulnere ledam.

User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 43v

 
*I* openly make the counter of the first king of restraining the dagger. By
striking in this way, it makes the arm accessible.


I direct myself here by means of the counter of that, which threatens
bad things and more, in order that I hurt my associate with deadly wounds.

I make the counter to the first king of dagger 
And to crumple him, I have wounded his arm. 

Through the counter that says 'do bad and worse', 
I wield that which that one can do.

44r

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Neclabor est nec pena mihi faciendo tenacem
Nexuram. qua nunc potero tibi ledere. Renes
Et feriam fortasse tuos cum vulnere grandj.
Florius hunc librum quondam pritissimus auctor
Edidit. Est igitur sibi plurima laudis honestas
Contribuendo viro Furlana gente profecto.

User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 44r

 
It is no work nor punishment to me to make this bind that holds fast,
whereby now I will be able to hurt you,
and I will perhaps strike your kidneys with a great wound.

The very skilled author Florius previously produced this book.
The highest honor of praise was therefore increased in the man himself,
which will be shared with the Furlani people.

Making this bind doesn't pain me, 
And I'll be able to wound you in your back with it. 

Here ends the flower of the art of fencing, 
Through which one man can stand against another: 
Made by Fiore Furlano, [son] of Sir Benedetto; 
Those who knew him can believe his words well. 

  1. Corrected from "a" to "e".
  2. Enjambment bracket
  3. We believe this is "vulnerare" but the condition of the page has elided an abbreviation mark.
  4. There is an erasure above “cervice”, but we were not able to discern any letters.
  5. Enjambment bracket
  6. Enjambment bracket
  7. prostratus can mean struck down, exhausted, overthrown, or laid low. There is no indication in the text or image as to *why* the person is lying on the ground or how they got there.
  8. Added later: "te juc g???et".
  9. Added later: "de la poignee".
  10. There is no enjambment bracket, but the punctuation and text indicate it.
  11. Added later: "eqquus".
  12. Added later: "te mordé de\per bride".
  13. According to Cappelli, p. 257
  14. Probably laedere
  15. Possible scribal flourish
  16. the hand position pictured in this technique is very strange. Comparing it to the Italian copies, we think the artist doesn't have a martial background and has drawn a hand familiar from other artwork instead of a position that makes sense with a sword or other weapon.
  17. Added later: “??eeu vit”. Could this be “heeume”, misspelling of “heaume”, old french for “helmet”? There are certainly letters beginning above the g in “galea” and reaching to above the e in “prensum”, but we can’t make out enough to guess further. If the latter word is meant to be “heaume”, this must be hand F.
  18. Enjambment bracket
  19. The countering gestures are grammatically surrounded by spite.
  20. There is a marginal notation to the right of the verse beginning with +. The marginal note seems likely to be hand F, but the + may be from one of the Latin hands. My best guess: ??a??e tram ? perm
  21. Enjambment bracket
  22. Added later: "pro tui".
  23. Added later: "scilicet".
  24. or 'Si pargere', but Rebecca says there is a scribal practice for separating the first letter of a line in this manner.
  25. Enjambment bracket
  26. stafile is probably a form of staffa, listed in DMLBS meaning "stirrup" and borrowed from German
  27. Added later: "nomen properum". Partially obliterated
  28. Added later: "nomen properum".
  29. Added later: "de fresne".
  30. To the right of the first two lines, there appear to be three lines of smudgy pencil (most likely M or F), but nothing specific can be made out.
  31. Added later: "matreque?".
  32. Added later: "four words that might be latin".
  33. There is no enjambment bracket, but grammar and syntax led to enjambment in the translation.
  34. Possibly "maestum"
  35. Enjambment bracket
  36. Added later: "reparer renouvelir".
  37. Telum refers specifically to a distance weapon, which can include any of the following: missile weapon, dart, shaft, spear, javelin, sword, axe, sunbeam, lightning (the last two are the specific province of Jove)
  38. Enjambment bracket
  39. Enjambment bracket
  40. Enjambment bracket
  41. Added later: "…trare".
  42. contraria is the most common term marked with a + in this text.
  43. This verse has a bracket shape to its right that encloses the second line and the space below it, similar to an enjambment bracket.
  44. A tiny note (M, perhaps) may have been removed above “agitando”.
  45. Added later: "+ hoc ego".
  46. Mucro can refer to a sword or its edge or point. The original translator of this text uses a variety of words to refer to the sword and its parts, and we have tried to reflect that by rendering ensis as sword, mucro as tip, and cuspide as point. However, in this case, the text is contrasting two different weapons and not their parts, so mucro is sword.
  47. Added later: "quisquam".
  48. Marginal note: "+ ecce".
  49. This may be an error for fascis.
  50. Added later: "scilicet subito".
  51. Added later: "+ tibi".
  52. If the translator is bad at Latin, such that he thinks 'illa robora' is ablative feminine, it could read 'And I have struck your face with the strong [weapon].
  53. We are translating 'captura' as 'the taking' or 'the takings'. Other possible contexts for this word in Latin are from hunting (captura=prey, the fishing catch, the bag of animals brought in) or from economics, in which 'captura' refers to ill-gotten or immorally gained profits.
  54. The second letter appears to have been corrected.
  55. A pun for ridere/riddare?.
  56. Alternate reading: so that now, by clearing the space, I'm not afraid. 'ridendo' is potentially a pun using the ridere/riddare verbs, meaning to laugh at and to clear a space.
  57. Tentative reading; badly damaged
  58. Tentative reading; badly damaged
  59. Tentative reading; badly damaged
  60. Badly damaged; also, could be a variant spelling of laeva.
  61. Alternate reading with furenti as dative of disadvantage: With my sword, I cover my limbs from rage while taking a step
  62. Accusative of duration of time
  63. Accusative of duration of time
  64. If this your sword, which I catch openly by [its] hilt doesn't fall to the ground.
  65. the translator seems to use the imperative to describe a definitive state
  66. This page shows signs of scraping and rewriting.
  67. this might be vindicaveram instead
  68. Mucro can refer to a sword or its edge or point. The original translator of this text uses a variety of words to refer to the sword and its parts, and we have tried to reflect that by rendering ensis as sword, mucro as tip, and cuspide as point. However, in this case, the illustration shows an action that can't be done with the tip of the sword, so we have used edge.
  69. Added later: "scilicet nobis".
  70. Added later: "+".
  71. Added later: "i.e. velocem". We also considered a volverem reading.
  72. Since the word "posite" doesn't make sense as written, we speculate it's an error for "ponite."
  73. This reading is supported by genitive of emotion, in which the rage is assigned to the opponent. An alternate reading would be 'I defend the limbs of rage' in which the rage is assigned to the speaker.
  74. Added later: "aftraro"?.
  75. The Italian and Latin term frontale refers to a forehead decoration for either a woman or a horse. While the modern English term browband refers to an element of horse tack, we felt it evoked a more correct image than other terms such as headband.
  76. potentially remeatio, but written as *tior to rhyme with brevior, minor, and revertor
  77. Or "saepe" (often), which may be more likely than "sepe" (hedge or defensive barrier)
  78. More likely laevus than levus
  79. The last word seems faded
  80. Added later: "scilicet ego."
  81. Added later: "dixit".
  82. Added later: "con? ut."
  83. We are using the marginalia to influence our reading/interpretation of this couplet.
  84. Note that the illustration is incorrect, showing the left side combatant with a hand on the hilt of the sword but no hand on the blade, which would make compressing the limbs much harder than in the Getty or Pisani-Dossi illustrations of this technique. The Latinist has inserted a phrase not in the Italian which provides a detail about the technique that's lost in the picture.
  85. Corrected from "de".
  86. Added later: "scilicet manum".
  87. This is not the same verb as for binding a sword, but it matches the Italian ligadure/ligare.
  88. or you will go gloomy into that <dark> ground
  89. Added later: "scilicet me".
  90. Likely haec
  91. Added later: "scilicet ensis".
  92. The period after habetur may be a later addition, since it overlaps the final stroke of the r.
  93. There's a light mark above Arte that looks like the abbreviation for haec.
  94. The fourth pollaxe play in Pisani-Dossi seems to match this somewhat. The fourth pollaxe play in Florius does not.
  95. The section of Florius about techniques for pollaxe refers to the weapon as a tricuspidis (triple-point), but calls it bipenna (double-edged axe) in the armored section.
  96. Although mucronem usually means tip as a synonym with cuspis, we translated the compound as point of the sword for reasons of fluency.
  97. Added later: "pro cum".
  98. This may also be read as immanis but inanis is closer to the Italian
  99. Added later: "scilicet si".
  100. Using the marginal note: If someone were to throw a sword at my head
  101. All of the other images of this sequence show the sword sheathed.
  102. The initial of this line is ambiguous and could be M or N. We believe it is most likely an M, but if it were an N it could be read "I do not cover and I strike the point simultaneously at what will become an opening."
  103. cautus (from cavere) is a common term in Roman jurist texts, where it means security in the sense of assurance or collateral
  104. "pretento" didn't match any of the adjectives present, so we've filled in "brachio"
  105. Added later: "scilicet ego".
  106. We've used the reading suggested by the interlinear note "scilicet ego" to disambiguate "ipse"
  107. This page has lots of dirt smudges, drips, and stains; some—to the left of the combatants in the upper register, and just below the verse in the lower—look like they might be handwritten smudges, but without clear meaning.
  108. Added later: "scilicet ego".
  109. Interestingly, this page appears to be dirty and damaged; the recto looks like it’s warped from water damage. The next several pages also show warping; the art quality has also declined substantially.
  110. The initial of this line is ambiguous and can be read as M or N. We have interpreted it as an M. If it were an N, the line would begin "I do not cover," but we believe this is not compatible with the rest of the verse.
  111. Maybe "laevo".
  112. The initial of this line is ambiguous and could be M or N. We have read it as N, but if it were M, the line might begin "Although you would hold me".
  113. Impressum often means something that has been marked or decorated using pressure, such as a printed page or tooled leather. On this page, the writer seems to be creating parallel imagery or puns about pressure and confinement, but has mixed up their relative position compared to the Italian.
  114. The initial of this line is ambiguous and could be M or N. We have read it as M, because we believe reading that word as "Ne" is not compatible with the rest of the verse.
  115. Could be “praesto”, Latin adv. “ready, available” or Italian “presto”.
  116. Added later: "scilicet occidam"
  117. We used 'te' as the object of both verbs
  118. Added later: "pro operarj".
  119. celer can either be an adjective or a verb, leading to two possible readings. celer as an adjective is more common and appears elsewhere in this text. celer as a verb links to the act of cloaking, amictum, in the next line. Here is our alternate reading of the first line: Nevertheless I would be shielded [and] truly cut out your face using this act.
  120. cruce is locative case, which the translation reflects
  121. Using DuCange's parts of speech for teneo (TENERE, Tenens, Tenedo, Tenementum), we assume that tenedo is the gerundive form. "-edo" is not a verb form included in typical Latin grammar.
  122. These umlaut-like dots appear on a few other pages, where they indicate words that should be read as a pair. Here the marked words are both part of a phrase naming a technique, similar to other times the dots appear. Interestingly, on this page it looks like the dots were written by the original scribe (for example, the dots over the a in spataeque have the same faded look as the a). However, appearing on so few pages, these dots don't seem to be part of the overall orthographic style of the manuscript.
  123. This actually reads 'lifting the hands and the sword located in the hands', as spatae is locative case, or indicative of the sword's location. We omitted the repetitions for the sake of clarity.
  124. grammatically, the winner was not deceived by the opponent's anticipation, and this deception is a completed action, which has bearing on the present action, that is, the placing of the sword.
  125. Added later: "cum". Potentially could be read as "eum" but we believe "cum" is a useful clarification of this sentence.
  126. While lacertos and brachia refer specifically to the upper and lower arms respectively, this is probably an attempt by the translator to avoid repetition, rather than specific parts of the arm that are affected by the actions. We have retained the specificity for linguistic reasons. We used arm instead of shoulder in the following couplet because the technique does not work with the shoulder.
  127. This might be a typo for efficit, which is supported by the use of 'ipse', and the fact that the next clause has the speaker working against this action
  128. Note that the Italian uses straight and curved for the right and left sides. So this is potentially a movement from the right to the left sides
  129. Mucro can refer to a sword or its edge or point. The original translator of this text uses a variety of words to refer to the sword and its parts, and we have tried to reflect that by rendering ensis as sword, mucro as tip, and cuspide as point. However, in this case, based on the illustration, we decided to refer to the whole sword.
  130. If the line we have interpreted as a comma after ensem is not a comma, then an alternate reading would be: Grabbing the sword in the middle, I immediately execute a strike.
  131. Added later: "+".
  132. Mucro can refer to a sword or its edge or point. The original translator of this text uses a variety of words to refer to the sword and its parts, and we have tried to reflect that by rendering ensis as sword, mucro as tip, and cuspide as point. However, in this case, based on the illustration, we decided to refer to the whole sword.
  133. Added later: "ego".
  134. Added later: "scilicet revolutum".
  135. "Denodare" is an uncommon word and its primary sense is "un-knot, solve" but in the context of wrestling, it seems to mean "dislocate", supported by DuCange: Frangere, pedem vel brachium laxare, Gall. Rompre, disloquer, to break, to spread out a foot/leg or shoulder, disloquer = dislocare, to dislocate
  136. Alternate reading: This is considered under the name, the strong Lower Key.
  137. Added later: "ego s."
  138. There is an unreadable marking here.
  139. Added later: "ego scilicet".
  140. Added later: "scilicet ego".
  141. This looks like it may have originally said “veter” but was corrected to “vetes” (e.g. from first person present passive to second active present).
  142. See Capelli 285; this can be read as either prope (near) or proprie (specifically).
  143. Subito has two meanings that both seem relevant here ("suddenly, immediately" and "going under, going upward"), and there's no way to tell if only one is intended, so we have used both.
  144. Should be "defendam".
  145. Saccere => sapere
  146. refers to elbow 'cubitum' or fist 'pugnum'
  147. "Pectora linques" ("leave the chest") could be read two ways: giving up the original attack to the chest seen in the illustration, or consciousness departing the most vital area of the body in death.
  148. logo = luoco/luogo
  149. Added later: "vel probabo(?)".
  150. if read with 'probabo' as suggested in the margin: I would, perchance, demonstrate a more useful [action].
  151. Added later: "~ ut".
  152. Insertion: "+ in order to"
  153. "Bellica" seems to be a term for military equipment, and "tractans" comes from tracto, which is similar to traho (pull, draw) but has additional meanings like discuss, handle, negotiate. We have interpreted "bellica tractans" as "a person who deals with war equipment", implicitly distinct from a soldier or military person.
  154. Variant of "namque".
  155. This line looks like it should match the last line of the Pisani Dossi verse, but the Latin case endings can't support reading it that way.
  156. This is read as a corrected error, in which the scribe began to write aufa, crossed out the 'a', continued the 're' and used the 'er' abbreviation above the incorrect letter.
  157. There's a marginal note that's hard to interpret: "n p o" or perhaps "R P O".
  158. Added later: "pro".
  159. Added later: "scilicet tu".
  160. It looks like the period maybe was changed to a slash/comma.
  161. This line and the last line of the 4th couplet share an indentical fragment in both the Latin and the Italian; however, it is not possible to render the two identically in fluent English.
  162. Clave is usually translated as Key, but can also refer to the handle for turning a press, or the bar for holding a door shut. We are reading clave as locative with sub ima as the postpositional indication of the direction of the location.
  163. Added later: "+ ut".
  164. This is unusual, in that the loser (unmarked) speaks this line. The following lines are written normally, from the point of view of the winner (crown and garter) as the first-person speaker.
  165. Added later: "+ posuj".
  166. Added later: "scilicet ego".
  167. No Italian copy mentions left or right in this technique. The images in all manuscripts consistently show the head under the right shoulder. Interestingly, the Getty illustration shows the opponent's legs swapped, but the Pisani Dossi has the same body position shown here.
  168. Added later: "situ".
  169. Added later: "& mergit".
  170. & mergit = and plunges
  171. Added later: "scilicet ego".
  172. Added later: "tu scilicet".
  173. literally, if you can discern daylight
  174. The accusatives [direct objects] are unusual in both of these lines
  175. There are no personal pronouns indicating whose eyes are getting injured in this couplet. Only the second person verb in the first line indicates whose eyes are getting damaged.
  176. "So that I connect the farthest ground to your sorrowful kidneys" is actually how the throw is expressed in the Latin.