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User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English only
01v
User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 01v
✅¶ I, the Lynx, defeat all things born under the heavens by means of [my] discerning eyes,
I like trying to measure everything
✅Prudence
✅¶ I am swift in the course and I would turn back in sudden circles,[1]
and lightning bolts[2] don't overtake me, the Running Tiger.
✅Swiftness
✅¶ I, Audacity, am the strong peak of quadrupeds
due to my nature. They are likewise under the pole star. now it conquers
and overcomes the lion of the heart. Therefore we call everyone to arms
✅Audacity
✅Behold! We are the four great distinguished animals [...] hereafter
whose powerful nature advises[3] ... in arms,
which seeks to be illustrious and indeed shining with honesty.
✅You all [would] proclaim that whoever would comprehend the lessons,
[that one] perceives them [the lessons] to be affixed in our hearts. Thence
that very skilled one will be among friends of arms.[4]
✅The position[5] of women on the right
The position of ladies on the left
✅The position of windows on the right
The position of windows on the left
✅The long position
The short position
✅The whole iron gate
The middle iron gate
The tusk of the boar
Fortitude
02r
User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 02r
✅Now I carry the spear, moving quickly underneath in the manner of the boar's tusk.
And in order that I be able to cause [yours][6] to diverge, I will penetrate the innermost parts.
✅¶ Lo, I come, holding back my javelin at the womanly breast.
I don't fear touching the ground due to my flexible knees.
And I would strike, having marked [you] black and blue[7], and still your lance will lose [the fight]
02v
User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 02v
✅¶ The royal, womanly form is proper. And this spirit,
hitting and raging against you with the tip, sends [you] to the shadows.
If the gods in heaven should favor this method.
✅¶ Drawing [my] limbs simultaneously inward, I, the Harsh One, grip the javelin
in the middle. You will have been delayed in breaking through [my guard].
In the end, your horse will depart having been struck with deadly wounds.
03r
User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 03r
✅¶ Straightforward in opposition, I cause you great pains.
The one fleeing is unable to defend his own body.[8]
✅¶ That method of carrying surely moves the tip to four plays.
And I strike you straight on with the [sharp] point.
And the arm cuts the openings with a cut.
And being deprived of your sword, you will again obviously depart from your seat.[9]
That method rarely fails a person.
03v
User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 03v
✅¶ I pierce the exposed neck with the point of my sword[10],
Because the third master thoroughly taught me using a rule.
✅¶ Fighting to wound the neck with a terrifying wound.[11]
The first master, on guard in the sword, truly teaches me this.
04r
User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 04r
✅¶ You, shamefaced on account of this, will perhaps abandon your sword,
or, having been struck down, you will lie on the ground with nothing to prevent it.
✅¶ It is convenient that you thump the ground while your chest is trampled[12].
Afterwards, I will be able to try whatever I want concerning you.
04v
User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 04v
✅¶ I now protect myself with a cut and a strong point.
And I strike the face with the sword hilt, so that my own sword would not be grasped
in these circumstances. Nor would I have been thrown to the farthest ground.[13]
✅¶ I will throw you and your horse; prevented by no one,
The chest [of my horse] will rest at the haunches of your whinnying horse
I will not release the ringing reins of your quadruped
until you precipitously strike the muddy ground with the crown of your head.
This best deception indeed prevails against [an] armored [person], Since[14]
they do not begin to fear that anyone is able to injure them with weapons[15].
05r
User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 05r
✅¶ I maintain this grasp on your helmet, since you are turning your back.
I would send you to the ground and afterwards your chest will have been run [over].
✅¶ For you to pound the earth with my trampled body,
the work, which the countering actions carry out, is the same, that YOU,
the Spiteful One, have still desired to attempt against me of all people.[16]
05v
User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 05v
✅¶ Lifting by the leg and also by the stirrup[17], this, my strong right [hand],
will turn you to the farthest [ground], there will not be anyone who would make [my] limb <arm> feeble.
✅¶ Observe how I hold your neck with my strong upper arm
With these actions, you have vainly tried to scatter the Weaponless One
to the ground in this way. But the counters conquer you.[18]
06r
User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 06r
✅¶ If Roland and cruel Pulicanus had attacked me, a footman,
with spears made of ash, I would have delayed for the purpose of observation,
and the unruly right hand would hold either a javelin or a club,
and, having caused the spears to rebound, I strike more furiously.
By this action, I would pull back[19] the lofty heads of those who oppress[20] as soon as possible.
✅¶ The lance now cuts your ill-omened head with great wounds,
and it moves me out of the guard of the arrogant master.
06v
User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 06v
✅¶ I, the Clever One, thrust through the lips with the harsh strike,
anticipating the renewal of the wound using a heavy point.
✅¶ Accustomed to shifting, to move back and forth with the extended spear point: yet,
I now tarry with the short javelin[21] in all respects.
07r
User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 07r
✅¶ My spear is probably shorter, yet you will die,
having been pierced. It pleases me for you to throw first, and
then not flee. Tearful prizes await you[22], the Ill-Omened One.
✅¶ Now, while your javelin is entering, my spear will repel it.
And I would burst into your chest with a great wound.
07v
User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 07v
✅¶ They[23] throw this particular [attack] of the previous three masters[24] to strike back.
And this is the method to run a person through with a javelin to the chest
or face, and you previously bruised the visage with blood.
✅ ¶ You do not harm me much, I stir up counters against
you, the Resisting One, and I move close while knocking in [your] teeth.
08r
User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 08r
✅¶ In like manner, I delay you with steadfast dagger and staff,
and while the staff provides covering for me, that dagger
strikes the chest. Yet whatever I finish with the staff,
the sword[25] shall accomplish. We can make
much better use of this play by moving the quick shoulders.
✅ ¶ I tarry here with you with two sticks and at the same time a dagger.
And I throw the first. And I will hold the remaining
covering the limbs with it. At the same time we will both of us move close together.
From here, I quickly strike you, but your chest is opened by the dagger.
08v
User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 08v
✅¶ This, which the master now says in his description, I am occupied with bringing about.
and I fix this dagger below your own chest
✅¶ A Javelin having been constrained by hands, lo! I am called the short position
Among mortals. And if the spear point should attempt to deceive,
I shall, as luck would have it, mislead you, the Man. If Jupiter were to aid me.
✅ ¶ Behold, I am a strong position. And I am called the cross. Neither does any
strike bother me. And neither the point of the triple-pointed [pollaxe] at any time.
09r
User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 09r
✅ ¶ Behold, I, the position of the woman, am pure of faith.
and by doubling the strike, I carry out the fatal strikes.
✅ ¶ I, the boar's tusk, am strong, frightful, and bold
I have no respect at all for the hit of anyone's axe; neither do we admit the possibility.
✅ ¶ Your triple-pointed [pollaxe] has truly been thrown down into the ground.
But mine will strike [your] visage with a wilting wound.
09v
User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 09v
✅¶ And now I have burst out from the tusk of the boar ready to go using [my] own triple-point
And I have struck those strongest parts of [your] visage.[26]
✅¶ Behold, I overwhelm your visage using a strong hand, and you <yourself> feel that
and now my sacred triple-pointed [pollaxe] extracts [your] teeth.
10r
User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 10r
✅ ¶ Perhaps I would make a rotation using this taking.
From there, your [weapon] is lost, afterwards, my triple-pointed [pollaxe] hits you in the forehead.
If the fates are willing for the strong to survive.
✅¶ Whether the wild sword is thrown as a javelin, or the second [opponent] prepares
to cut [me] to pieces, that one [the third] as yet only seeks me with the point,
this guard shows that I, with a mocking laugh, am not afraid now.[27]
10v
User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 10v
✅¶ Taking a step, I cover the limbs with my raging sword,[28]
From there, I will penetrate your chest with that [sword] without pause.
✅¶ And in order to strike you, the Ill-Omened One, again with my point now,
The left hand supports that sword with Strength.
11r
User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 11r
✅¶ In these circumstances, I have pierced your forehead with a bloody wound,
because I defend this infliction with a swift cover of myself.
✅¶ You would mock me with your voice and you will have to call me blind,
If your sword, which I have clearly caught by the hilt, does not drop to the ground[29].
Afterwards, you will have to[30] remain denuded [of your weapon].
11v
12r
User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 12r
✅¶ At present, I am carefully considering splitting the middle of [your] neck
with my edge[35]. Which is the reason [that] I turned this elbow back here.
✅ ¶ And with a hand, I turn the elbow in a circle. By turning in a circle
I make you bloody with my tip. I can't fail.
12v
User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 12v
✅¶ Each position and deceitful guard is called by a name
Both similar to another, and indeed opposite[36]
Position [yourself][37] just as here, thus we grasp[38] the actions
✅¶ I am called the iron gate by all men, on a level with the ground.
I always redress any such strikes of the cutting [edge] and of the point.
✅¶ I am the bold, lofty position of the woman. high
and in whatever method I defend the limbs from rage[39]
✅¶ Here I am certainly the regal position of the "true window"
and I always acknowledge myself as swift in the famous art.
✅¶ I am the strong iron, and I am called the middle Door.
And I bestow heavy strikes and I seek death with the point.
13r
User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 13r
✅¶ I remain a short sword, and yet here I am called the Long
position, most often cleaving the neck due to my natural inclination.
✅ ¶ I am called the position of the Browband[40], that is the famous Crown.
Neither do I spare anyone, cutting and breaking with the point
✅¶ I am the position of the Woman opposite the Boar's Tusk,
pregnant[41] with obstacles, with a heart full of cunning toward many.
✅¶ I am the position of the bold Boar and unnatural in bodily strength,
I am well-known for splitting open the strength in every guard
13v
User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 13v
✅ ¶ I am the short stance here. And I move the sword back [to its original position].
I often threaten with the point. Yet I thenceforth return back to that place.
✅¶ I am called the left position itself and the True window.
Thus swift on the right side just as I am naturally here on the left.
✅¶ Behold, I, the tailed position, am pulled forward on the ground. I very often carry out
a strike in front or behind, while [your] strike is passing through
✅¶ I myself am certainly named by all the two-horned position.
However deceptively you ought to attack, now I will be as cunning towards you.
14r
User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 14r
✅¶ I hold the sword [spata] pressed together with the point in a cross.
Immediately after, from the other side I oppress the chest with the point.
✅¶ Now, having previously listened to the lecture of my master,
The violent tip of the sword approaches the juicy throat.
14v
User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 14v
✅¶ I, the Clever One, currently holding the sword in the middle of the sword,
as in a cross; I will certainly hit your left shoulder
This time might be exceedingly short: with this having been tested so much.
✅¶ I strike a bargain with you[42] just as that earlier master told before.
Whoever restrains the tip with the cross can deceive with it.[43]
15r
User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 15r
✅¶ If, in the swordplay, we suddenly turn our sword,
Thus we are strong to harm the head using the hands in the swordplay.
✅¶ Although you hold me in your hands, something was trodden underfoot. By
rending with this point, I will hit your dripping face.
15v
User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 15v
✅¶ While fighting in the shape of a cross, we now remain here.
The one knowing more always has Victorious plays.
✅¶ Suddenly your wicked hand drags a point
to the ground. From here I would strike you with a high wound without pause.
16r
User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 16r
✅¶ I hold the tip at your neck. And you feel that.
You will now suffer the work of death. And the fates will not deny [it].
✅¶ Your sword will fall on the rightmost side, if
I turn myself to the left swiftly and also with my limbs drawn in tightly in front.[44]
16v
User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 16v
✅¶ You can feel, how I have pulped the palm <that is, the hand> with great
wounds. And, at the same time, I could strike you with the hilt.
✅¶ In this circumstance, I strike you truly in the hand, so that the
snare, which is then sought out by me, disdains great arms.
17r
User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 17r
✅¶ Learned in my art, I turn you into the ground, thrown over backwards
by your chest. henceforth I will penetrate you, the Ill-Omened One, using the point
✅¶ Either you will leave your own sword behind from [your] left side,
or you, the Ill-Omened One, go into the ground.[45] You cannot refuse.
17v
User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 17v
✅¶ This taking makes <me> safe from your sword. Therefore, it happens
that mine <that is, [my] sword> is truly free. But on the other hand, yours remains imprisoned.
And the sword brings about the play which is the fourth[46]
in the art of wielding the two-edged axe[47], as any can easily see.
✅¶ Using this lower snare, you will indeed depart prostrate.
and I will strike you (in) the chest with a lethal wound.
18r
User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 18r
✅¶ I am called the serpent, and also tall and high
with the point level, I place my limbs below it to the greatest extent.
✅¶ And in the position of the leopard, I truly gaze out serenely,
always restraining the deepest cuts of the point as well.
✅¶ You currently have faith in this cover to refute anyone at any time,
just as you will see whenever the students are playing.
18v
User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 18v
✅¶ This last point emerges from the cover of the master
and I will make other plays, if only because it pleases me.
✅¶ You will depart, spread on the ground with the point of your sword[48],
and I will do worse to you if that remains in mind.
19r
19v
User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 19v
✅¶ We are six intensely skilled acts among the deeds of arms[,]
Which whoever is a master in arms executes
Thence they [the masters] will overcome sword or dagger and the double axe.
✅¶ I am the short position and I am referred to under the correct name
of serpentine, besides I am skilled in penetrating with the point
✅¶ I am the position and I am called the true cross by many masters.
Neither the point is hurtful to me, nor will the cut itself harm [me].[49]
✅¶ This [sword] tip will shift the spiteful stance by penetrating.
On the other hand, when upright, I cover my limbs with strong armor.
✅¶ I am the middle, indeed, the gate standing firmly constructed of iron.
I do no little harm with the point. And I am always deceitful.
20r
User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 20r
✅¶ This is well known in the text, the evidence being taught by the picture.
And you see that I can pound you to pieces with the dagger.
✅¶ You dagger is worth nothing: I quickly compel [you] to turn
[your] back so far that you cannot expose your sorrowful face to me.
20v
User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 20v
✅¶ If someone were to throw a sword [spata] below the crown of my head,
I would make this covering by catching the elbow with the left [hand].
And with my own hand, I rotate you to the back for the play.
Thence I will strike the dagger to penetrate your kidneys.
✅¶ Your best method and caution in the art will have been played.
And I would cover myself[50], and I would simultaneously strike the tip at the opening.[51]
21r
User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 21r
✅For instance, I signify as safe, using the palm, thus I carry off the dagger.
Everything having been carried off in victory, I lift that same [dagger] with my hand.
✅When I conquer all the ones who can be warlike with me,
I am distinguished by these arms in accordance with the broken hands I carry.
✅I secure the confined arms from all people waging war in the region
In such a way that they are unable to extend the right hand /
Thus I now joyfully collect two keys in [my] hands.
✅You ask why I, with glory, destroy such excellent ones under my feet.
Because, with the palm extended in our right hand, I assert to all men,
you will be overthrown by wrestling, indeed, you will be stopped.
Pisani-Dossi
✅For instance I sign the safe palm, thus I bring home the dagger.
Everything having been carried off in victory, I lift that same [dagger] with my hand.
✅When I conquer all the ones who can be warlike with me,
By Pollux, I carry arms, distinguished by the broken hands[52].
✅I secure the confined arms from all people waging war in the region
In such a way that they are unable to extend the right hand /
Thus I now joyfully collect two keys in [my] hands.
✅You ask why I, with glory, destroy such excellent ones under my feet.
because with our palm extended, I assert to all men,
you will be overthrown by wrestling, indeed, your right hand will be stopped.
21v
User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 21v
✅¶ I am called the Cautious One, that is, the first master of the dagger.
You lift with your hand and extended [arm][53] to take the dagger.
✅¶ To be sure, I twist my dagger around your shoulder.
Without losing that [dagger] I will pound you, the Wretched One, in the chest.
22r
User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 22r
✅¶ Behold! Your covering is refuted by this counter
and neither inverted hands nor the previous plays
will be effective. Afterwards, you, the Wretched One, will lie down to die.
✅¶Indeed, I believe that you, the Treacherous One, will immediately touch so much ground today.
And after that, I myself[54] would do worse to you, who are lying prostrate.
22v
User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 22v
✅¶ You, the Unprotected One, will touch the ground, prostrate on your chest.
The Armored One can impart safety to this game.
✅¶ Everyone will be able to break the shoulder while wrestling with the ally
Everyone, whom I hold like this, will be pleased to feel this gift.
23r
User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 23r
✅¶ Because of the taking, which that master now makes,
I believe [that] you will not depart[55] without a broken upper arm.
✅¶ I will snatch the dagger with a sudden, violent whirling motion,
However, prior [to that], I, the Strong One, turn your arm close by the elbow.
23v
User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 23v
✅¶ Scattering you won't be any work for me. Having fallen,
You will not be able to rise up free of great wounds
✅¶ I cover myself when wrestling in the same way as in a cross, with the arms, of course.[56]
And I can play with all of the previous methods.
24r
24v
User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 24v
✅¶ If I myself can now turn the shoulder using the hands,
you, the Sorrowful One, will remain eternally in the middle key
✅¶You do not make [me] endure in the middle key.
But now, because I am using this counter,[59] it is appropriate that YOU would yield to ME.
25r
User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 25r
✅¶ Now I am the Suitable One beating you, the Ill-Omened One, into the ground.
And if the counter is absent, I would suddenly do [the preceding action] to you.
✅¶ Now I hurry this counter, as you will duly see.
Afterward, I would hit your limbs with a burning spirit.
25v
User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 25v
✅¶ I cover myself, as you discern, with great strength of movement.
In advance of the methods, which anyone could execute, I attack.
✅¶ I now make the previous plays fail with this counter.
I will turn you, such that afterwards I will destroy you with wounds.[60]
26r
User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 26r
✅¶ I will cut your face open so swiftly using this action
From the cross,[61] the student teaches this: fashioning a cloak for the sword from the ground.
But your tip will depart either bent
or broken. You will never be able to use that [sword].
✅¶ I will hit and, not prohibited by anyone, I will keep your
sword hostage / while maintaining the rules, you yourself
direct mine so disgracefully / you will now die transfixed by it [my sword].
26v
User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 26v
✅¶ Truly, I strike your face with this cruel sword hilt.
This [happened], because you have knocked the tip with the last touches.
✅¶ This strike is the second to strike back at the comrade with the sword hilt,
Provided that the art and the master himself would still be swift in these circumstances.
27r
User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 27r
✅¶ I, strong in the preceding cross, seize your own special sword [mucronem].
Hence if I would now hit you, the Ill-Omened One, cutting with the point [cuspide].
And I am called the counter to lifting the sword [spatae] in the hands.[62]
And I am able to openly strike your limbs.
You won't be able to touch the sword [ensem] with any desecration.
✅¶ I throw you to the ground with this great action, which you have anticipated[63];
I was not deceived and I place the sword to your neck.
27v
User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 27v
✅¶ I learn to strike back [your] own shoulders by means of your sword.
Or I would beat you. Simultaneously with this [strike], I would also confine your forearms.
✅¶ I act so prudently by enfolding the sword [spatam] and indeed your arm.
In fact, I will be able to strike you.
28r
User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 28r
✅¶ You have moved with your left hand so that you can wrest my sword from its position.
But in these circumstances, you yourself will ultimately die by means of the counter.
✅¶ You falsely wanted to confine the sword under your own arm.
This counter will also turn you all the way downward.
28v
User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 28v
✅¶ I confined the palm using my sword. You, the Wretched One, will, in the end,
suffer many wounds on the top of your head. And whatever I myself bring about
I work in opposition to the tip. And that snaring is so very influential.
Because it [the snaring] serves up many actions.
✅¶ From the straight side, I move under into the other side.[64]
Accordingly, you quit the sad life here, by means of the point.
Note that in the upper register, the text looks like a good match for Pisani-Dossi, but the Florius illustration seems to show a different moment of action, and show it from the other side of the fight.
29r
User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 29r
✅¶ This method, which I use to rob the man of his sword[65] during swordplay,
Is called High on the Right by everyone in arms.
I, Florius, have tested this myself in many exchanges.
✅¶ Grabbing the sword, I execute a middle strike without pause[66]
Overwhelming your limbs with the raging tip, or with your own [sword]
Or with your luck, which you trust is present
29v
User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 29v
✅¶ The sharp sword is thus captured from the lower position.
Whoever has done this remains skilled in this art.
✅¶ I ascertain [that] you truly discern that sword to be mine[67] [now]
And by turning, I will bring shame to you, the Departing One.
And I will draw [it] back with my own hands, if the fates do not disagree
30r
User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 30r
✅¶ The cover on the right side foretells that I would catch [you] by the throat.
Then you, the Wretched One, will be scattered upon the dark ground.
✅¶ By means of a similar play, we scatter you into the deep ground.
I will also execute this. I will still remain on my feet.
30v
User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 30v
✅¶ I grasp with my hands the taking that has been sought for a long time
so that I could scatter you, the Wretched One, into the ground.
✅¶ You will go into the earth thrown onto your back, and the sword will hold
[your] face. This thoroughly teaches powerful covers on the right side.
31r
31v
User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 31v
✅¶ This is considered under the name, the strong Lower Key.
Any and all are excessively snared by the peril of death.
If someone enters into this, they will scarcely [be able to] take their leave from this to escape/die.
✅¶ I complete this Counter of the Master by wrestling
Accomplishing this [counter] using the reversed palm of the hand by any means.
And YOU will sink down here with bent knee due to this taking.
32r
User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 32r
✅¶ I, the Master, now catch the associate using both hands.
From above and from below, I can injure you using a weapon.
✅¶ I am certainly prepared to send you down to the ground.
And I will impart many bad things to the head, if that will be fixed in [my] mind.
32v
User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 32v
✅¶ This is another movement to knock the associate down to the ground.
And still anyone who attempts to wrestle similarly is not safe.
✅¶ Truly, in this other method, I can send you to the ground
in this way. Thereafter, <I> myself will demonstrate worse things on you.
33r
User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 33r
✅¶ In this way, I myself will twist your dagger away with a whirling motion,
I will seize what belongs to you, whether you prohibit it or YOU fight back
✅¶ If I now attempt to lift the dagger near your elbow,
You will truly see that you suddenly have been deprived of that [dagger].
33v
User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 33v
✅¶ In order to defend myself, now I seek the counter to this person
that uses both palms, just as that master
who seizes the comrade with both hands does during wrestling.
✅¶ You catch me by the chest, and you still cannot injure me,
Yet I will dislocate this shoulder by means of wrestling.
34r
34v
User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 34v
✅¶ I test the action by which means I would throw you over backwards without pause.
If I do not scatter you, I would perchance perpare a more useful [action].[72]
✅¶ I, the Safe One, can believe that you will now rush into the ground.
Certainly your dagger will not be able to harm me.
35r
User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 35r
✅¶ I shall not be deprived of breaking [your] left shoulder.
I hold any burdensome person by wrestling using the right shoulder blade.
✅¶ I hold you in such excellent shape, and I seize the Groaning One,
because you will now be scattered with your shoulder blades into the farthest ground.
35v
User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 35v
✅¶ Now I make this cover, so that[73] I would be able to
Take the dagger. But I can injure you with many plays.
✅¶ If I can now turn your shoulder while contending,
I will quickly make you sink in the Lower Key.
36r
User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 36r
✅¶ Now because I hold you with [my] hands while wrestling like the Gemini twins,
I would snatch the dagger just as you truly deserve.
✅¶ Now I teach [how] to take the dagger during dagger play with a comrade.
The first student doesn't know this play.
36v
User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 36v
✅¶ I do not know any person with whom I cannot play,
If we both lead by turning dagger against dagger,
[If] I were either armored or by chance without armor.
And even that method would be pleasing, provided that the play is tight.
✅¶ I, the Protected One, make this covering in armor.
And I will suddenly enter into the Middle Key, which ends all war,
Neither can a warlike dabbler[74] prevail against it.
Anyone opposing [me] cannot hurt me.
37r
User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 37r
✅¶ When fighting, I bring my dagger to this cross.
Nor does any defense of the given dagger oppose this in the play.
But I will powerfully lay waste with many methods in dagger play.
✅¶ That method certainly prevails by keeping the dagger in the cross.
In fact, it can work above and below in armor.
This lower play openly rushes to the outer snare.
The middle is situated by chance under the highest.[75]
37v
User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 37v
✅¶ The student can, by chance, make this play of
that master and can steal the powerful dagger.
✅¶ Behold, I cross underneath the shoulder in this dagger play.
I have left the takings[76] alone. But I will burden the back.
38r
User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 38r
✅¶ I prepare to take your life from the lower snare.
If, perchance, I can turn your shoulder.
✅¶ I can certainly dislocate your shoulder using a similar method,
And I can also ensnare it using the lower key.
38v
User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 38v
✅¶ I am certainly prepared that I, myself, gain the grasps.[77]
This will be beneficial for a short time, if I don't deceive you
✅¶ I seek to shift to a place[78] from which I would be able to deceive you completely.
From here, I will, by hastening, turn you by the chest through the ground.
✅¶ If you will not succeed with a clever trick, I can indeed believe
[that] you yourself will suffer much the worse[79] due to my strength.
✅¶ Behold, I come, seeking to overcome [you] with extended arms;
In order that I, myself, gain powerful grasps through wrestling play.
39r
User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 39r
✅¶ With this grasp, I would cause you to touch the ground.
I will dislocate your left shoulder or perhaps the other.
✅¶ I will compel you, The Foul One, to lick the ground with your mouth.
Or I will cause you, the Wretched One, to enter the lowest Key.[80]
39v
User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 39v
✅¶ I will immediately throw you into the farthest ground on your kidneys.
You will not be able to stand up without pains making you sad.
✅¶ I would make you sink to the ground with this grasp,
Even if you were better than all the masters at wrestling play.
40r
User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 40r
✅¶ Because of this grasp, with which I wrestle above and below,
you will pound sand with the crown of your head. Nor will the fates deny it.
✅¶ I have placed [my] palm on [your] face.[81] But nevertheless it is pleasing [that]
I moved them afterwards. Which is why I was able to hurl
you down with other grasps; which I now attempt to show.
40v
User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 40v
✅¶ You, the Disorderly One, will stretch toward the ground with sorrowful honor.
Because I hold this head under the left[82] shoulder.
✅¶ I hold [the] finger under this left ear while wrestling
so that you lose your grasp which you were holding to overcome me
41r
User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 41r
✅¶ You have seized me by means of your art and also from the back, Traitor.
Yet this grasp places <buries> you in the farthest ground.
✅¶ This play called the whirling legs is sometimes glorified.
But it is not suitable; because it often fails those holding on.
41v
User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 41v
✅¶ This is called a foreign grasp, as understood by concurring
minds. I would make you, the Ill-Omened One, endure here at length.
✅¶ In this way, I myself shatter your testicles with my hard knee,
So much that no strength will be present in your chest.
42r
User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 42r
✅¶ I will double the number of pains in your nose caused by suffering[.]
I believe that you will let me go so quickly in this play with you.
✅¶ From a similar grasp (I do confess) I abandoned
your limb. Still, you, the Wretched One, will have fallen headlong; you will depart
due to the counter. As you duly see, if you're not blind.[83]
42v
User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 42v
✅¶ And I deal[84] more pains to you under your chin.
So that I will touch the farthest ground with your sorrowful kidneys.
✅¶You press the face with twin hands in this wrestling play.
But the counter will then harm the eye more.
43r
User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 43r
✅¶ Granted that this play is probably scarcely known in this art,
Still, for an experienced person, it honorably succeeds.
✅¶ I certainly pay attention to the counter of the first master.
And in addition, I will now demonstrate bad things and more using this cover.
43v
User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 43v
✅¶ *I* openly make the counter to the first king of restraining the dagger. By
striking in this way, it makes the arm accessible.
✅¶ I direct myself here — using the counter to that, which threatens
bad things and more — in order to injure my associate with deadly wounds.
44r
User:Kendra Brown/Florius/English MS Latin 11269 44r
✅¶ It is neither work nor punishment to me to make this snare that holds fast,
whereby now I will be able to injure you,
and I will perhaps strike your kidneys with a great wound.
✅¶ The very skilled author Florius previously produced this book.
The highest honor of praise was therefore increased in the man himself,
which will be shared with the Furlani people.
- ↑ This reading assumes 'revolvam'. The alternate reading with 'revolvor' would be: I am swift in the course and I am turned back in the rising and setting spheres. Interestingly, each of the three extant animal verses here includes a prepositional phrase with no parallel in the Italian which can be read as a reference to "the heavens", but in the Tiger's verse we rendered orbes as "circles" since it seemed connected to voltare/wheeling in the Italian.
- ↑ We're reading fulmia as a shortened form or misspelling of fulmina.
- ↑ moneo also includes negative aspects, like warning
- ↑ The grammar of the readable words in this verse does not come together neatly, and the ambiguity of the damaged words makes a smooth translation impossible.
- ↑ The word on the page is posta, which is Italian and not Latin and does not appear elsewhere in this text.
- ↑ The illegible letters could conceivably form tuam, which would support this reading.
- ↑ Variare and variata are from the same verb root, which has the distinct meanings "cause to vary, deviate" and "decorate with contrasting colors." The two verses on this page seem to deliberately use different senses of the verb.
- ↑ We are working under the assumption that the Latin translator is writing about the figure on the left, instead of the crowned figure. While it is clear that the Italian refers to the crowned figure, the Latin includes nothing about turning, or that this turn is the only option for defense. This is supported by 'Qui' in the second line, which has the 'ego = I' correction from a later hand.
- ↑ Note that the order of the 4 options differs from the original Italian due to the order of verb tenses in the Latin.
- ↑ Although mucronis usually means tip as a synonym with cuspis, we translated the compound as point of the sword for reasons of fluency
- ↑ This line, as written on the page, is not a complete sentence in Latin, lacking a main verb. In order to make some sense of it, we decided to read one instance of "vulnere" as "vulnerare," assuming a spelling error or missing abbreviation mark.
- ↑ We've rendered "terram ... pulses" as "thump the ground" in order to capture the "hit the ground" of a body falling, but also the "beating a drum" sense of pulsare. Interestingly, pulsare can also mean "stamp upon the ground," which creates a bit of thematic echo with "calcato" which means "trample" including "trampling grapes for wine"
- ↑ the hand position pictured in this technique is very strange. Comparing it to the Italian copies, we think the artist doesn't have a martial background and has drawn a hand familiar from other artwork instead of a position that makes sense with a sword or other weapon.
- ↑ Postquam means both after/afterwards and because. We translated this as since to capture both meanings.
- ↑ armis could also refer to armor, that is, the person, wearing armor, does not fear being injured.
- ↑ -met forms the emphatic of the pronoun
- ↑ stafile is probably a form of staffa, listed in DMLBS meaning "stirrup" and borrowed from German
- ↑ Curiously, these clauses appear to state the necessary actions in the reverse order: this is the counter to the previous action, if you attempt it, I will throw my arm around your neck.
- ↑ 'retraho' has multiple meanings which span the entire corpus of meanings that use bring/draw and back, including, but not limited to: withdraw, pull back, bring back, return, drag back, withhold, make known again.
- ↑ 'premo' also has numerous meanings, including but not limited to: overwhelm, oppress, suppress, tread on, press down on, compress, arrest, stop, plant, surpass, exceed, arrest, restrain.
- ↑ Telum refers specifically to a distance weapon, which can include any of the following: missile weapon, dart, shaft, spear, javelin, sword, axe, sunbeam, lightning (the last two are the specific province of Jove)
- ↑ We usually render maneo as remain, but in this case await was idiomatic.
- ↑ We use inclusive language in the translation.
- ↑ The technique is intrinsic to the masters, so dative of possession is used in the translation
- ↑ Mucro can refer to a sword or its edge or point. The original translator of this text uses a variety of words to refer to the sword and its parts, and we have tried to reflect that by rendering ensis as sword, mucro as tip, and cuspide as point. However, in this case, the text is contrasting two different weapons and not their parts, so mucro is sword.
- ↑ If the translator is bad at Latin, such that he thinks 'illa robora' is ablative feminine, it could read 'And I have struck your face with the strong [weapon].
- ↑ Alternate reading: so that now, by clearing the space, I'm not afraid. 'ridendo' is potentially a pun using the ridere/riddare verbs, meaning to laugh at and to clear a space.
- ↑ Alternate reading with furenti as dative of disadvantage: With my sword, I cover my limbs from rage while taking a step
- ↑ The original tenses are present and future, but preterite and present flow better in English and provide the same timing
- ↑ the translator seems to use the future imperative to describe a definitive state
- ↑ This reading uses 'te' as the object of both verbs
- ↑ Although the text has 'faciemus', 1st person plural, we have translated this as singular.
- ↑ 'ad unguem' is an idiom meaning the most perfect, most complete, either from the fingernail [unguis] used to test the smoothness of marble, or the completeness of a person down to their toenails.
- ↑ The 'vindicta' was both the staff that a magistrate used to symbolically free a slave during manumission, in this case, a pun on the concept of freeing your soul from your body by striking you with a sword. Vindicta also means vengeance, revenge, or punishment, thus our reading of the term.
- ↑ Mucro can refer to a sword or its edge or point. The original translator of this text uses a variety of words to refer to the sword and its parts, and we have tried to reflect that by rendering ensis as sword, mucro as tip, and cuspide as point. However, in this case, the illustration shows an action that can't be done with the tip of the sword, so we have used edge.
- ↑ The Latin has contraria here, which we usually translate as "the counter", but comparison to the Italian suggested reading it as "contrary or opposite". We've used "opposite" as the more current phrasing.
- ↑ Since the word "posite" doesn't make sense as written, we speculate it's an error for "ponite."
- ↑ This word, "prendimus", is a verb normally used for disarm or grappling actions, and we usually translate it "catch", but we decided on "grasp" for the noun form prensura meaning a wrestling hold. In this case prendimus is clearly being used in its alternate sense "understand" and, since grasp can be used to mean either grapple or understand, it allows us to preserve the original pun.
- ↑ This reading is supported by genitive of emotion, in which the rage is assigned to the opponent. An alternate reading would be 'I defend the limbs of rage' in which the rage is assigned to the speaker.
- ↑ The Italian and Latin term frontale refers to a forehead decoration for either a woman or a horse. While the modern English term browband refers to an element of horse tack, we felt it evoked a more correct image than other terms such as headband.
- ↑ the verb 'fero' (ie, to bear), when linked to a woman, often relates to pregnancy (ie, to bear a child)
- ↑ This could also be translated as "I strike you"; however, the Italian has 'strike a bargain', which is also a translation of 'ferio te', and this is the only point where these two languages meet in this reading.
- ↑ We are using the marginalia to influence our reading/interpretation of this couplet.
- ↑ Note that the illustration is incorrect, showing the left side combatant with a hand on the hilt of the sword but no hand on the blade, which would make compressing the limbs much harder than in the Getty or Pisani-Dossi illustrations of this technique. The Latinist has inserted a phrase not in the Italian which provides a detail about the technique that's lost in the picture.
- ↑ or you will go gloomy into that <dark> ground
- ↑ The fourth pollaxe play in Pisani-Dossi seems to match this somewhat. The fourth pollaxe play in Florius does not.
- ↑ The section of Florius about techniques for pollaxe refers to the weapon as a tricuspidis (triple-point), but calls it bipenna (double-edged axe) in the armored section.
- ↑ Although mucronem usually means tip as a synonym with cuspis, we translated the compound as point of the sword for reasons of fluency.
- ↑ i.e., your point, your cut.
- ↑ All of the other images of this sequence show the sword sheathed.
- ↑ The initial of this line is ambiguous and could be M or N. We believe it is most likely an M, but if it were an N it could be read "I do not cover and I strike the point simultaneously at what will become an opening."
- ↑ Ablative absolute: the hands being distinguished by being broken
- ↑ "pretento" didn't match any of the nouns present, so we've filled in "brachio"
- ↑ We've used the reading suggested by the interlinear note "scilicet ego" to disambiguate "ipse"
- ↑ 'discedo' means to depart from a place, or, in the military sense, to come away from a battle.
- ↑ The initial of this line is ambiguous and can be read as M or N. We have interpreted it as an M. If it were an N, the line would begin "I do not cover," but we believe this is not compatible with the rest of the verse.
- ↑ The initial of this line is ambiguous and could be M or N. We have read it as N, but if it were M, the line might begin "Although you would hold me".
- ↑ Impressum often means something that has been marked or decorated using pressure, such as a printed page or tooled leather. On this page, the writer seems to be creating parallel imagery or puns about pressure and confinement, but has mixed up their relative position compared to the Italian.
- ↑ The initial of this line is ambiguous and could be M or N. We have read it as M, because we believe reading that word as "Ne" is not compatible with the rest of the verse.
- ↑ We used 'te' as the object of both verbs
- ↑ cruce is locative case, which the translation reflects
- ↑ This actually reads 'lifting the hands and the sword located in the hands', as spatae is locative case, or indicative of the sword's location. We omitted the repetitions for the sake of clarity.
- ↑ Because this clause was literally inserted into the 'great action', interrupting it, we translated it in past tense, even though it is grammatically present tense.
- ↑ Note that the Italian uses straight and curved for the right and left sides. So this is potentially a movement from the right to the left sides
- ↑ Mucro can refer to a sword or its edge or point. The original translator of this text uses a variety of words to refer to the sword and its parts, and we have tried to reflect that by rendering ensis as sword, mucro as tip, and cuspide as point. However, in this case, based on the illustration, we decided to refer to the whole sword.
- ↑ If the line we have interpreted as a comma after ensem is not a comma, then an alternate reading would be: Grabbing the sword in the middle, I execute a strike without pause.
- ↑ Mucro can refer to a sword or its edge or point. The original translator of this text uses a variety of words to refer to the sword and its parts, and we have tried to reflect that by rendering ensis as sword, mucro as tip, and cuspide as point. However, in this case, based on the illustration, we decided to refer to the whole sword.
- ↑ "Denodare" is an uncommon word and its primary sense is "un-knot, solve" but in the context of wrestling, it seems to mean "dislocate", supported by DuCange: Frangere, pedem vel brachium laxare, Gall. Rompre, disloquer, to break, to spread out a foot/leg or shoulder, disloquer = dislocare, to dislocate
- ↑ a later hand has glossed the 'turned backwards' as 'that is, rotated backwards'
- ↑ 'miserum' could refer to either elbow 'cubitum' or fist 'pugnum'. Technically, this should read 'the wretched thing in that part of the body'; however, we thought that a more compact phrasing was clearer.
- ↑ "Pectora linques" ("leave the chest") could be read two ways: giving up the original attack to the chest seen in the illustration, or consciousness departing the most vital area of the body in death.
- ↑ if read with 'probabo' as suggested in the margin: I would, perchance, demonstrate a more useful [action].
- ↑ Insertion: "+ in order to"
- ↑ "Bellica" seems to be a term for military equipment, and "tractans" comes from tracto, which is similar to traho (pull, draw) but has additional meanings like discuss, handle, negotiate. We have interpreted "bellica tractans" as "a person who deals with war equipment", implicitly distinct from a soldier or military person, and not experienced in war. "Warlike dabbler" is our compact rendering of this concept.
- ↑ This line looks like it should match the last line of the Pisani Dossi verse, but the Latin case endings can't support reading it that way.
- ↑ i.e., the dagger
- ↑ This line and the last line of the 4th couplet share an identical fragment in both the Latin and the Italian; however, it is not possible to render the two identically in fluent English.
- ↑ 'muto' can mean simply to change/shift, or to change/shift to/from a location. Due to 'hinc' in the following line, a change of location seemed apt.
- ↑ Although 'multa pessima' are plural in Latin, much is singular in English. English also uses a comparative where Latin uses a superlative.
- ↑ Clave is usually translated as Key, but can also refer to the handle for turning a press, or the bar for holding a door shut. We are reading clave as locative with sub ima as the postpositional indication of the direction of the location.
- ↑ This is unusual, in that the loser (unmarked) speaks this line. The following lines are written normally, from the point of view of the winner (crown and garter) as the first-person speaker.
- ↑ No Italian copy mentions left or right in this technique. The illustration in this and all manuscripts show the head under the right shoulder. Interestingly, the Getty illustration shows the opponent's legs swapped, but the Pisani Dossi has the same body position shown here.
- ↑ literally, if you can discern daylight
- ↑ 'tract' has meanings related to handling: to manage, deal with, cause X
