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| <p>[98] '''Item, yet another technique.'''</p>
 
| <p>[98] '''Item, yet another technique.'''</p>
  
<p>When he hews before you and you hew in after, if you bind then on his sword in his left side, if he strikes then from the parry with the Thwart quickly around you to your right side, then come in Meanwhile with the weapon first, before under his sword, against his left side, and hew after his hew to the right side, or drive the slice in over his arm to the head, etc.</p>
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<p>When he hews before you and you hew after him, if you then bind on his sword against his left side, and he then strikes quickly around with the Thwart from the parrying to your right side, then come in Meanwhile with the Thwart ahead before under his sword against his left side on his neck. Or, spring with the left foot on his right side and hew after his hew to the right side. Or, drive the slice in over his arm to the head, etc.</p>
 
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<p>This is that you shall drive the Traveling-after to both sides, and also bring the slice therein, and undertake that thus: When he hews before you, be it from the right side or from the left side, then hew in cheerfully after the opening. If he then drives up and binds you below on the sword, then mark as quickly as one sword on the other clashes, then fall in Meanwhile with the long edge in his arm, and press with the edge downwards, or slice him after the mouth, etc.</p>
 
<p>This is that you shall drive the Traveling-after to both sides, and also bring the slice therein, and undertake that thus: When he hews before you, be it from the right side or from the left side, then hew in cheerfully after the opening. If he then drives up and binds you below on the sword, then mark as quickly as one sword on the other clashes, then fall in Meanwhile with the long edge in his arm, and press with the edge downwards, or slice him after the mouth, etc.</p>
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| {{red|Who overcomes,<br/>Over-run, then he becomes ashamed.}}
 
| {{red|Who overcomes,<br/>Over-run, then he becomes ashamed.}}
 
|-  
 
|-  
| <small>79</small>
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| <small>81</small>
 
| {{red|When it clashes above,<br/>So strengthen, that do I praise.}}
 
| {{red|When it clashes above,<br/>So strengthen, that do I praise.}}
 
|-  
 
|-  
| <small>79</small>
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| <small>82</small>
 
| {{red|Make your work,<br/>Or press twofold.}}
 
| {{red|Make your work,<br/>Or press twofold.}}
 
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|}
 
<p>This is how you shall Over-run him when one fights to you from below, undertake that thus. When you come to him with the pre-fencing, if he then hews below to you, do not parry that, but mark when when his Under-hew goes against you, then hew him from your right shoulder long from above and shoot in the point long to his face or the breast, and set on him so that he cannot reach you below. And if he then drives up from below and parries, then remain with the long edg strong on the sword, and work quickly to the nearest opening, etc.</p>
 
<p>This is how you shall Over-run him when one fights to you from below, undertake that thus. When you come to him with the pre-fencing, if he then hews below to you, do not parry that, but mark when when his Under-hew goes against you, then hew him from your right shoulder long from above and shoot in the point long to his face or the breast, and set on him so that he cannot reach you below. And if he then drives up from below and parries, then remain with the long edg strong on the sword, and work quickly to the nearest opening, etc.</p>
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{{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 036v.jpg|1|lbl=36v|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 037r.jpg|1|lbl=37r|p=1}}
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| <p>[107] Item, mark when you have bound him strongly on his sword, if he then strikes from the parrying around you to the other side, then bind him yet with the long edge strongly on his sword, above to the head, and work to the openings as before. Drive that to both sides, etc.</p>
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| <p>[108]</p>
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{| class="zettel"
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| <small>83</small>
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| {{red|Learn Setting-off.<br/>Hew, stab, artfully injure.}}
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| <small>84</small>
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| {{red|Who stabs on you,<br/>Your point hits and his breaks.}}
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| <small>85</small>
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| {{red|From both sides,<br/>Hit all, if you will step.}}
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<p>Item, mark when you come to him with the pre-fencing, if he then stands against you as if he will stab, then set your left foot forward and lay yourself against him in the Plow to your right side, and give an opening with your left. If he then stabs to the opening, then Wind with your sword on your left side against his stab, the short edge on his sword, and set it therewith off, that your point remains standing against him, and step to him with the right foot and stab him Meanwhile to the face or the breast, etc.</p>
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{{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 037v.jpg|1|lbl=37v|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 038r.jpg|1|lbl=38r|p=1}}
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| <p>[107] Item, mark when you have bound him strongly on his sword, if he then strikes from the parrying around you to the other side, then bind him yet with the long edge strongly on his sword, above to the head, and work to the openings as before. Drive that to both sides, etc.</p>
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| <p>[108] '''Item, another technique.'''</p>
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<p>When you stand to your right side in the Plow, if he then hews to your left side above to the opening, then drive up with the sword and Wind therewith on your left side against his hew, the hilt before the head in the Ox, and step ahead therewith with the right foot, and stab in to the face or the breast. And drive the technique from the left side also from the Plow, etc.</p>
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| <p>[109] Item, you may also drive the Setting-off from Over-hewing and from Under-hewing. When you lie high with the sword and will make the Over-hew, in the hew Wind on your right side in the Ox, then set off hews or stabs to your left side, again in the Ox. Meanwhile stab him always to the face or Double, or make what you will. That goes too from both sides.</p>
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| <p>[110] Item, if you then lie in the Change-hew, then turn your sword in the Plow and set off hew or stab. Meanwhile work nimbly to the nearest opening with all driving. That goes from both sides.</p>
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| <p>[111]</p>
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{| class="zettel"
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| <small>86</small>
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| {{red|Changing-through learn<br/>From both sides, sorely with stabs.}}
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| <small>87</small>
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| {{red|Who binds on you,<br/>Change-through him, closely slice or find.}}
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<p>Item, know the Changing-throughs are many and multiple, and you may drive them from all hews against the fencers that hew there to the sword, and not to the openings of the man. And they you shall learn very well to drive with prudence, so that one does not Set-on you while you Change-through him.</p>
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| <p>[112] Item, drive the Changing-through thus. When you come to him with the pre-fencing, then hew in long above to the head. If he then hews against your sword and not to your body, then with the hew let your point whisk through below, before he binds you on the sword, and stab him to the other side. If he then becomes aware of the stab and drives with the sword quickly after the stab with parrying, then Change-though yet to the other side, and drive then always when he drives after your sword with the parrying to both sides, etc.</p>
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| <p>[113] '''Item, yet a Changing-through.'''</p>
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<p>When you come to him with the pre-fencing, then set your left foot forward and hold the Long Point against his face. If he then hews you from above or below to the sword, and wants to strike that away or bind thereon, let the point sink underneath, and stab to the other side, and do that against all hews, etc.</p>
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| <p>[114] '''Item, this technique mark very evenly.'''</p>
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<p>When he has parried you or has bound otherwise on your sword, if on your sword he then holds his point not against the opening of your body, and lets it go on the side near beside you, then Change-through him boldly. Or, if he remains with the point before the face, or against the opening, then do not Change-through, and remain on the sword, and work therewith to his next opening; so he may not Travel-after or Set-on you.</p>
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| <p>[115]</p>
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| <small>88</small>
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| {{red|Step close in binding,<br/>The Pulling gives good findings.}}
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| <small>89</small>
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| {{red|Pull, he hits, Pull more,<br/>He finds work that does him woe.}}
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| <small>90</small>
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| {{red|And Pull all hits,<br/>If you will trick the masters.}}
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<p>Know that the Pulling pertains to driving against the masters that bind strongly with the parrying on the sword, and against they who remain standing on the sword and wait if one before them will hew or withdraw themselves from the sword. If you will then deceive or trick those same masters, then drive the Pulling against them thus: Hew him from the right side, strongly above in to the head. If he drives there and will parry, then Pull your sword upon yourself before when he thereon binds, then stab him to the other side, and do that in all hits of the sword, etc.</p>
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| <p>[116] '''Item, another Pulling'''</p>
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<p>When he has bound on your sword, if he then stands against you on the sword and waits if you will withdraw from the sword, then do as if you will Pull, and remain on the sword and Pull your sword on you as far as half the blade, and stab in quickly again into the face or the breast. If you do not hit him correctly with the stab, then work with the Doubling, or otherwise with other techniques which are best.</p>
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Revision as of 03:28, 4 July 2016

Jud Lew
Born before ca. 1440s
Died date of death unknown
Occupation Fencing master
Ethnicity Jewish
Movement Liechtenauer Tradition
Genres
Language Early New High German
Principal
manuscript(s)
Manuscript(s)
Concordance by Michael Chidester
Translations Traducción castellano

Jud Lew was a 15th century German fencing master. His name signifies that he was Jewish, and some sources state that he was baptized Christian. He seems to have stood in the tradition of Johannes Liechtenauer, though he was not included in Paulus Kal's ca. 1470 list of the members of the Fellowship of Liechtenauer.[1]

Lew is often erroneously credited with authoring the Cod.I.6.4º.3, a compilation of various fencing treatises created in the 1450s. In fact, his name is only associated with a single section of that book, a gloss of Johannes Liechtenauer's Recital on mounted fencing that is a branch of the so-called Pseudo-Peter von Danzig gloss. Though some versions of Martin Huntfeltz's treatise on armored fencing are also attributed to Lew, but this seems to be an error.

Treatises

Early on in its history, the Pseudo-Peter von Danzig gloss seems to have split into two primary branches, and no definite copies of the unaltered original are known to survive. The gloss of Sigmund Schining ain Ringeck also seems to be related to this work, due to the considerable overlap in text and contents, but the exact nature of this relationship is currently unclear.

Branch A, first attested in the Augsburg version (1450s) and comprising the majority of extant copies, has more devices overall than the other branch (particularly in the extensive Salzburg version of 1491) but generally shorter descriptions in areas of overlap. It also includes glosses of Liechtenauer's Recital on long sword and mounted fencing only, and in lieu of a gloss of Liechtenauer's short sword it is generally accompanied by the short sword teachings of Andre Liegniczer and Martin Huntfeltz. Apart from containing the most content, the Salzburg version is notable for including nine paragraphs of text that are not found in any other version of Pseudo-Peter von Danzig, but do appear in Ringeck (and constitute almost 10% of that gloss); this predates all known copies of Ringeck's text, but is another indicator of some connection between the works. Branch A was later used by Johannes Lecküchner as a source when he compiled his own gloss of a Recital on the Messer in the late 1470s.

Branch B, attested first in the Rome version (1452), is found in only four manuscripts; it tends to feature slightly longer descriptions than Branch A, but includes fewer devices overall. Branch B glosses Liechtenauer's entire Recital, including the short sword section, and may therefore be considered more complete than Branch A; it also different from Branch A in that three of the four known copies are illustrated to some extent, where none in the other branch are. The Krakow version (1510-20) seems to be an incomplete (though extensively illustrated) copy taken directly from the Rome,[2] while Augsburg II (1564) is taken from the Krakow but only includes the six illustrated devices of wrestling and their respective captions. Even more anomalous is the Glasgow version, consisting solely of a sizeable fragment of the short sword gloss (hence its assignation to Branch B) which is appended to the opening paragraphs of Ringeck's gloss of the same section; since it accompanies Ringeck's long sword and mounted fencing glosses, a possible explanation is that the scribe lacked a complete copy of Ringeck and tried to fill in the deficit with another similar text.

There is one version of the Pseudo-Peter von Danzig gloss that defies categorization into either branch, namely the Vienna version (included in a 1480 manuscript along with Paulus Kal's work, though Kal's personal level of involvement is unknown). The text of this copy is more consistent with the generally shorter descriptions of Branch A, but the overall contents much more closely align with Branch B, lacking most of the unique devices of Branch A and including the gloss of the short sword. The Vienna version may therefore be a copy of the original gloss before it split into these branches (or it may merely be an odd attempt by a scribe to synthesize the two branches into a single, shorter work).

While Branches A and B were originally presented in a single concordance on the Pseudo-Peter von Danzig page, the differences between them were revealed thereby to be extensive enough that they merit separate consideration. Thus Branch A has been moved here to Jud Lew's page, to whom is seemingly attributed the gloss on mounted fencing, while Branch B has been retained on the page of Pseudo-Danzig. As the Vienna version cannot be cleanly assigned to one branch or the other, it has been omitted for the present.

Temporary break

Additional Resources

References

  1. The Fellowship of Liechtenauer is recorded in three versions of Paulus Kal's treatise: MS 1825 (1460s), Cgm 1570 (ca. 1470), and MS KK5126 (1480s).
  2. Zabinski, pp 82-83
  3. sic : nahent
  4. sic : rechten
  5. sic : lonen
  6. "of the man… of the girdle" omitted from the Salzburg. This omission is probably a scribal error, jumping to the second instance of der gürttell.
  7. 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 The subsequent play in Salzburg is taken from the gloss of Sigmund ain Ringeck, and is therefore omitted here.
  8. Fehlstelle im Manuskript
  9. "and you bind with… standing on the sword" omitted from the Augsburg.
  10. Word omitted in the Augsburg.
  11. "And wind yet… and stab him" omitted from the Augsburg.
  12. Here Salburg combines the Jud Lew text with additional description from Sigmund ain Ringeck describing how the Crooked-hew is used as a counter-cut.
  13. sic : schwerts
  14. Sentence omitted from the Augsburg.
  15. sic : deinem
  16. Korrigiert aus »Hautt«.
  17. After this paragraph is a repetition of [59], the Twofold Failer.
  18. Salzburg: "thrusts your point up".
  19. Clause omitted from the Augsburg.
  20. The subsequent two plays in Salzburg are taken from the gloss of Sigmund ain Ringeck, and are therefore omitted here.
  21. Mittels Einfügezeichen korrigiert aus »siten rechten«
  22. Word omitted from the Augsburg.
  23. "that fence from free long hews" omitted from the Salzburg.
  24. "do not hold" omitted from the Salzburg.
  25. 25.0 25.1 Disappears into the binding.