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| <p>[84] And how shall drive the correct technique of the four hews against the guards, you will find that described before in the hews. Therefore guard yourself before parrying against the guards, if you will not become oppressed by others with strikes, etc.</p>
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| <p>[84] And how shall drive the correct technique of the four hews against the guards, you will find that described before in the hews. Therefore guard yourself before parrying against the guards, if you will not become oppressed by others with strikes, etc.<ref>The subsequent play in Salzburg, which repeats couplet 71 and glosses it, is taken from the gloss of Sigmund ain Ringeck, and is therefore omitted here.</ref></p>
 
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| <p>[85]</p>
 
| <p>[85]</p>
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| <small>71</small>
 
| ''{{red|Guard yet before parrying.<br/>If it happens to you necessarily, it troubles you.}}''<ref>This verse is glossed together with 70 in the Augsburg, but the Salzburg separates it out.</ref>
 
|}
 
<p>''You shall guard yourself against the parrying as other fencers parry. They allow the point to go out before the man low or high on a side, and whoever does that cannot seek the opening on the man. Therefore do not parry, and [instead] mark when he hews, then hew also, and when he stabs, then stab also. And how you shall hew against his hews, you find that described in the Five Hews; and how you shall fight against his stabs, you find that described in the Setting-off.''</p>
 
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| <p><br/></p>
 
 
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| <p>[86]</p>
 
 
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| <p><br/></p>
  
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| <p><br/></p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
  
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| <p>[87] '''Item, another.'''</p>
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| <p>[86] '''Item, another.'''</p>
  
 
<p>When he has parried you, then wrench up over you with with your sword on his sword's blade, against his point (as if you will take off above). Then remain on the sword and hew him simply on the blade, in against his head, etc.<ref>The subsequent two plays in Salzburg are taken from the gloss of [[Sigmund ain Ringeck]], and are therefore omitted here.</ref></p>
 
<p>When he has parried you, then wrench up over you with with your sword on his sword's blade, against his point (as if you will take off above). Then remain on the sword and hew him simply on the blade, in against his head, etc.<ref>The subsequent two plays in Salzburg are taken from the gloss of [[Sigmund ain Ringeck]], and are therefore omitted here.</ref></p>
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| <p>[88] '''The Setting-on'''</p>
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| <p>[87] '''The Setting-on'''</p>
 
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| <p>[89] Item, drive the Setting-on thus: When you come to him with the pre-fencing, then lie with the sword in the guard of the Ox or the Plow. If he will then hew you from above or stab to you from his right side, then come before with the Forfending, shoot in the long point to the nearest opening of his left side, and see of you may Set-on him, etc.</p>
+
| <p>[88] Item, drive the Setting-on thus: When you come to him with the pre-fencing, then lie with the sword in the guard of the Ox or the Plow. If he will then hew you from above or stab to you from his right side, then come before with the Forfending, shoot in the long point to the nearest opening of his left side, and see of you may Set-on him, etc.</p>
 
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| <p>[90] Item, or if he then hews in from above from his left side, then come before with the Forfending and shoot in the point long in to the next standing opening of his right side, etc.</p>
+
| <p>[89] Item, or if he then hews in from above from his left side, then come before with the Forfending and shoot in the point long in to the next standing opening of his right side, etc.</p>
 
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| <p>[91] Item, or if he hews to you up from below from his right side, then shoot in the point long in to the nearest opening of his left side, etc.</p>
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| <p>[90] Item, or if he hews to you up from below from his right side, then shoot in the point long in to the nearest opening of his left side, etc.</p>
 
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{{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 031v.jpg|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 032r.jpg|1|lbl=32r|p=1}}
 
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| <p>[92] Item, or if he hews to you up from below from his left side, then shoot the point long in to the lower opening of his right side, and see the Setting-on therewith always. If he becomes aware of the shooting in and parries, then remain with the sword on his, and work quickly<ref>A. "quickly there".</ref> to the nearest opening, etc.</p>
+
| <p>[91] Item, or if he hews to you up from below from his left side, then shoot the point long in to the lower opening of his right side, and see the Setting-on therewith always. If he becomes aware of the shooting in and parries, then remain with the sword on his, and work quickly<ref>A. "quickly there".</ref> to the nearest opening, etc.</p>
 
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| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 031v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
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| <p>[93] ''Item. You shall also know as soon as you both come together in the onset, and as soon as he lifts up his sword and will strike-around, you shall immediately fall into the point and thrust to the nearest opening. But if he will not go with the sword, then you yourself shall go with your sword, and as soon as (or every time as) you end a strike, fall Meanwhile into the point every time. If you can execute the setting-on correctly, then he must balance or shift himself hard. It must allow you a wound.''</p>
+
| <p>[92] ''Item. You shall also know as soon as you both come together in the onset, and as soon as he lifts up his sword and will strike-around, you shall immediately fall into the point and thrust to the nearest opening. But if he will not go with the sword, then you yourself shall go with your sword, and as soon as (or every time as) you end a strike, fall Meanwhile into the point every time. If you can execute the setting-on correctly, then he must balance or shift himself hard. It must allow you a wound.''</p>
 
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| <p>[94] '''The Traveling-after'''</p>
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| <p>[93] '''The Traveling-after'''</p>
 
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| <p>[95] '''Item, the first technique from the Traveling-after'''</p>
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| <p>[94] '''Item, the first technique from the Traveling-after'''</p>
  
 
<p>Drive it thus: when you come to him with the pre-fencing, then set the left foot forward and stand in the guard From the Day, and see well even that which he fences against you. If he then hews in<ref name="word-s"/> long from his right shoulder, then do not parry him, and wait so that he does not reach you with the hew. Then mark while his sword goes below you against the earth, [and] then spring to him<ref>"to him" omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> with the right foot, and hew him above in to the opening of his right side before he comes up again. So he is struck, etc.</p>
 
<p>Drive it thus: when you come to him with the pre-fencing, then set the left foot forward and stand in the guard From the Day, and see well even that which he fences against you. If he then hews in<ref name="word-s"/> long from his right shoulder, then do not parry him, and wait so that he does not reach you with the hew. Then mark while his sword goes below you against the earth, [and] then spring to him<ref>"to him" omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> with the right foot, and hew him above in to the opening of his right side before he comes up again. So he is struck, etc.</p>
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| <p>[96] '''Item, another technique.'''</p>
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| <p>[95] '''Item, another technique.'''</p>
  
 
<p>When he forehews at you and you hew after him, if he then drives quickly up with the sword and parries, then remain strongly with the long edge on his sword. If he then lifts upwards with the sword, then spring with the left foot well behind his right, and strike him with the Thwart (or such) to the right side of his head, and work quickly around to his left side with the Doubling (or such with other techniques) thereafter, if you find he is Soft or Hard on the sword. And that is the Outer Conduct, etc.</p>
 
<p>When he forehews at you and you hew after him, if he then drives quickly up with the sword and parries, then remain strongly with the long edge on his sword. If he then lifts upwards with the sword, then spring with the left foot well behind his right, and strike him with the Thwart (or such) to the right side of his head, and work quickly around to his left side with the Doubling (or such with other techniques) thereafter, if you find he is Soft or Hard on the sword. And that is the Outer Conduct, etc.</p>
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| <p>[97] '''Item, yet another technique.'''</p>
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| <p>[96] '''Item, yet another technique.'''</p>
  
 
<p>When he forehews in front of you and you hew after him, if you then bind on his sword against<ref name="word-s"/> his left side, and he then strikes quickly around with the Thwart<ref>S. ''were'': "weapon".</ref> from the parrying to your right side, then come in Meanwhile ahead with the Thwart before, under his sword against his left side [and] on his neck. Or, spring with the left foot on his right side<ref>"on his neck... on his right side" omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> and hew after his hew to the right side. Or, drive the slice in over his arm to the head, etc.</p>
 
<p>When he forehews in front of you and you hew after him, if you then bind on his sword against<ref name="word-s"/> his left side, and he then strikes quickly around with the Thwart<ref>S. ''were'': "weapon".</ref> from the parrying to your right side, then come in Meanwhile ahead with the Thwart before, under his sword against his left side [and] on his neck. Or, spring with the left foot on his right side<ref>"on his neck... on his right side" omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> and hew after his hew to the right side. Or, drive the slice in over his arm to the head, etc.</p>
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| <p>[98] '''Item, yet a Traveling-after.'''</p>
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| <p>[97] '''Item, yet a Traveling-after.'''</p>
  
 
<p>When you fight against him from Under-hewing or from Slashing, or you lie against him in the guard Fool, if he then falls with the sword on yours ere you then come up,<ref>S. "ere when you come up"</ref> then remain thus below on the sword, and lift upwards. If he will then hew you from the parrying or Wind-in on<ref>S. "to"</ref> the sword, then let him not come off from the sword, and follow after him thereon, and work therewith to the nearest opening.</p>
 
<p>When you fight against him from Under-hewing or from Slashing, or you lie against him in the guard Fool, if he then falls with the sword on yours ere you then come up,<ref>S. "ere when you come up"</ref> then remain thus below on the sword, and lift upwards. If he will then hew you from the parrying or Wind-in on<ref>S. "to"</ref> the sword, then let him not come off from the sword, and follow after him thereon, and work therewith to the nearest opening.</p>
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| <p>[99] {{red|b=1|Another}}</p>
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| <p>[98] {{red|b=1|Another}}</p>
  
 
<p>Item, mark, you shall Travel-after him from all guards and from all hews as quickly as you can, when he forehews in front of you or opens himself with the sword.</p>
 
<p>Item, mark, you shall Travel-after him from all guards and from all hews as quickly as you can, when he forehews in front of you or opens himself with the sword.</p>
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| <p>[100]</p>
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| <p>[99]</p>
 
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| <p>[101] Mark<ref>S. "work".</ref> the Feeling thus: When you come with him to the pre-fencing, and one binds the other on the sword, then Meanwhile, as the swords clash together, you shall Feel with the hand if he has bound on Soft or Hard. And as quickly as you Feel<ref>S. ''entphindest'': "perceive".</ref> Soft or Hard, then think on the word "Meanwhile", that is, that you shall work quickly with the sword in the Feeling, so he becomes struck ere<ref>S. "ere when".</ref> you are.</p>
+
| <p>[100] Mark<ref>S. "work".</ref> the Feeling thus: When you come with him to the pre-fencing, and one binds the other on the sword, then Meanwhile, as the swords clash together, you shall Feel with the hand if he has bound on Soft or Hard. And as quickly as you Feel<ref>S. ''entphindest'': "perceive".</ref> Soft or Hard, then think on the word "Meanwhile", that is, that you shall work quickly with the sword in the Feeling, so he becomes struck ere<ref>S. "ere when".</ref> you are.</p>
 
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{{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 035r.jpg|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 035v.jpg|1|lbl=35v|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 035r.jpg|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 035v.jpg|1|lbl=35v|p=1}}
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| <p>[102] Item, now you shall know that Feeling and the word "Meanwhile" may not be one without the other, and undertake that thus: when you bind on his sword, then you must Feel Soft or Hard with the word "Meanwhile". And when you Feel, then you must yet work Meanwhile. Thus are they always by one another, since the word "Meanwhile" is in all techniques. </p>
+
| <p>[101] Item, now you shall know that Feeling and the word "Meanwhile" may not be one without the other, and undertake that thus: when you bind on his sword, then you must Feel Soft or Hard with the word "Meanwhile". And when you Feel, then you must yet work Meanwhile. Thus are they always by one another, since the word "Meanwhile" is in all techniques. </p>
 
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| <p>[103] Mark that thus: Meanwhile Doubles, Meanwhile Mutates, Meanwhile Changes-through, Meanwhile Runs-through, Meanwhile takes the Slice, Meanwhile wrestles with, Meanwhile<ref>Word doubled in the Salzburg.</ref> takes the sword.<ref>S. "word".</ref> Meanwhile does whatever your heart desires. "Meanwhile" is a sharp word by which all masters become sliced, and they do not know or understand the word "Meanwhile" from previously, etc.</p>
+
| <p>[102] Mark that thus: Meanwhile Doubles, Meanwhile Mutates, Meanwhile Changes-through, Meanwhile Runs-through, Meanwhile takes the Slice, Meanwhile wrestles with, Meanwhile<ref>Word doubled in the Salzburg.</ref> takes the sword.<ref>S. "word".</ref> Meanwhile does whatever your heart desires. "Meanwhile" is a sharp word by which all masters become sliced, and they do not know or understand the word "Meanwhile" from previously, etc.</p>
 
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| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 033v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
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| <p>[104]</p>
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| <p>[103]</p>
 
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| <p>[105] '''The Over-running'''</p>
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| <p>[104] '''The Over-running'''</p>
 
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| <p>[106] Item, mark when you have bound<ref>S. ''bindest gebünde~''.</ref> him strongly on his sword, if he then strikes from the parrying around you to the other side, then bind him yet with the long edge strongly on his sword, above to the head, and work to the openings as before. Drive that to both sides, etc.</p>
+
| <p>[105] Item, mark when you have bound<ref>S. ''bindest gebünde~''.</ref> him strongly on his sword, if he then strikes from the parrying around you to the other side, then bind him yet with the long edge strongly on his sword, above to the head, and work to the openings as before. Drive that to both sides, etc.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 037r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 037r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
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| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 034v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
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| <p>[107] '''The Setting-off'''</p>
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| <p>[106] '''The Setting-off'''</p>
 
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| <p>[108] '''Item, another technique.'''</p>
+
| <p>[107] '''Item, another technique.'''</p>
  
 
<p>When you stand to your right side in the Plow, if he then hews above to your left side<ref name="word-s"/> to the opening, then drive up with the sword and Wind against his hew therewith on your left side, the hilt before the head in the Ox, and step ahead with the right foot therewith, and stab in to the face or the<ref name="word-s"/> breast. And also drive the technique from the Plow on the left side, etc.</p>
 
<p>When you stand to your right side in the Plow, if he then hews above to your left side<ref name="word-s"/> to the opening, then drive up with the sword and Wind against his hew therewith on your left side, the hilt before the head in the Ox, and step ahead with the right foot therewith, and stab in to the face or the<ref name="word-s"/> breast. And also drive the technique from the Plow on the left side, etc.</p>
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| <p>[109] ''Item, you may also drive the Setting-off from Over-hewing and from Under-hewing. When you lie high with the sword and will make the Over-hew, in the hew Wind on your right side in the Ox, then set off hews or stabs to your left side, again in the Ox. Meanwhile stab him always to the face or Double, or make whatever you will. That goes too from both sides.''</p>
+
| <p>[108] ''Item, you may also drive the Setting-off from Over-hewing and from Under-hewing. When you lie high with the sword and will make the Over-hew, in the hew Wind on your right side in the Ox, then set off hews or stabs to your left side, again in the Ox. Meanwhile stab him always to the face or Double, or make whatever you will. That goes too from both sides.''</p>
 
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| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 035r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 035r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
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| <p>[110] ''Item, if you then lie in the Change-hew, then turn your sword in the Plow and set off the hew or stab. Meanwhile work nimbly to the nearest opening with all driving. That goes from both sides.''</p>
+
| <p>[109] ''Item, if you then lie in the Change-hew, then turn your sword in the Plow and set off the hew or stab. Meanwhile work nimbly to the nearest opening with all driving. That goes from both sides.''</p>
 
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| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 035r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 035r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
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| <p>[111] '''Of the Changing-through'''</p>
+
| <p>[110] '''Of the Changing-through'''</p>
 
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| <p>[112] Item, drive the Changing-through thus: when you come to him with the pre-fencing, then hew in long above<ref name="word-s"/> to the head. If he then hews against your sword and not to your body, then let your point whisk through below with the hew, before he binds you<ref name="word-s"/> on the sword, and stab him to the other side. If he then becomes aware of the stab, and quickly drives with the sword after the stab with parrying, then Change-though yet [again] to the other side, and drive then always when he drives after your sword with the parrying to both sides, etc.</p>
+
| <p>[111] Item, drive the Changing-through thus: when you come to him with the pre-fencing, then hew in long above<ref name="word-s"/> to the head. If he then hews against your sword and not to your body, then let your point whisk through below with the hew, before he binds you<ref name="word-s"/> on the sword, and stab him to the other side. If he then becomes aware of the stab, and quickly drives with the sword after the stab with parrying, then Change-though yet [again] to the other side, and drive then always when he drives after your sword with the parrying to both sides, etc.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 039r.jpg|1|lbl=39r}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 039r.jpg|1|lbl=39r}}
 
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| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 035v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
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| <p>[113] '''Item, yet a Changing-through.'''</p>
+
| <p>[112] '''Item, yet a Changing-through.'''</p>
  
 
<p>When you come to him with the pre-fencing, then set your left foot forward and hold the Long Point against his face. If he then hews you from above or below to the sword, and wants to strike that away or bind<ref>S. "wind".</ref> thereon, let the point sink underneath and stab to the other side, and do that against all hews, etc.</p>
 
<p>When you come to him with the pre-fencing, then set your left foot forward and hold the Long Point against his face. If he then hews you from above or below to the sword, and wants to strike that away or bind<ref>S. "wind".</ref> thereon, let the point sink underneath and stab to the other side, and do that against all hews, etc.</p>
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| <p>[114] '''Item, this technique mark very evenly.'''</p>
+
| <p>[113] '''Item, this technique mark very evenly.'''</p>
  
 
<p>When he has parried you (or has otherwise bound on your sword), if he then holds his point on your sword [but] not against the opening of your body, and lets it go near on the side beside you,<ref name="word-s"/> then Change-through under<ref name="word-a"/> him boldly. Or, if he remains with the point before the face or<ref name="word-s"/> against the opening, then do not Change-through, and remain on the sword and work therewith to his next opening; thus he may not Travel-after or Set-on you.</p>
 
<p>When he has parried you (or has otherwise bound on your sword), if he then holds his point on your sword [but] not against the opening of your body, and lets it go near on the side beside you,<ref name="word-s"/> then Change-through under<ref name="word-a"/> him boldly. Or, if he remains with the point before the face or<ref name="word-s"/> against the opening, then do not Change-through, and remain on the sword and work therewith to his next opening; thus he may not Travel-after or Set-on you.</p>
Line 2,416: Line 2,396:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[115] '''The Pulling'''</p>
+
| <p>[114] '''The Pulling'''</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 2,451: Line 2,431:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[116] '''Item, another Pulling'''<ref>S. "Technique".</ref></p>
+
| <p>[115] '''Item, another Pulling'''<ref>S. "Technique".</ref></p>
  
 
<p>When he has bound on your sword, if he then stands against you on the sword and waits if you will withdraw from the sword, then do as if you will Pull, but remain on the sword and Pull your sword on you as far as half the blade, and stab in quickly again into the face or the breast. If you do not then<ref name="word-a"/> hit him correctly with the stab, then work with the Doubling, or otherwise with other techniques which are best.</p>
 
<p>When he has bound on your sword, if he then stands against you on the sword and waits if you will withdraw from the sword, then do as if you will Pull, but remain on the sword and Pull your sword on you as far as half the blade, and stab in quickly again into the face or the breast. If you do not then<ref name="word-a"/> hit him correctly with the stab, then work with the Doubling, or otherwise with other techniques which are best.</p>
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[117] '''The Running-through'''</p>
+
| <p>[116] '''The Running-through'''</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 2,504: Line 2,484:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[118] '''Item, another wrestling.'''</p>
+
| <p>[117] '''Item, another wrestling.'''</p>
  
 
<p>When he runs in on you with arms stretched up, and you against him, then Run-through him with the head to his right side, and step with the right foot in front before his right, and drive in with the right arm under his right arm, around through behind his body, and sink down a little,<ref>"down a little" omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> and grasp him on the right hip and throw him behind you. You shall drive these two wrestlings to both sides, etc.</p>
 
<p>When he runs in on you with arms stretched up, and you against him, then Run-through him with the head to his right side, and step with the right foot in front before his right, and drive in with the right arm under his right arm, around through behind his body, and sink down a little,<ref>"down a little" omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> and grasp him on the right hip and throw him behind you. You shall drive these two wrestlings to both sides, etc.</p>
Line 2,519: Line 2,499:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[119] '''Item, yet<ref name="word-s"/> another wrestling.'''</p>
+
| <p>[118] '''Item, yet<ref name="word-s"/> another wrestling.'''</p>
  
 
<p>When he runs in on you to your right side<ref name="word-s"/> and is high with the arms, and you also, then hold your sword in your right<ref name="word-s"/> hand and thrust his arm from you therewith, and spring with your left foot in-front before his right, and drive in with the left arm well around behind the body, and sink down a little, and grasp him on your left hip and throw him before you<ref>"before you" omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> on the face, etc.</p>
 
<p>When he runs in on you to your right side<ref name="word-s"/> and is high with the arms, and you also, then hold your sword in your right<ref name="word-s"/> hand and thrust his arm from you therewith, and spring with your left foot in-front before his right, and drive in with the left arm well around behind the body, and sink down a little, and grasp him on your left hip and throw him before you<ref>"before you" omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> on the face, etc.</p>
Line 2,535: Line 2,515:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[120] '''Item, yet another<ref name="word-s"/> wrestling.'''</p>
+
| <p>[119] '''Item, yet another<ref name="word-s"/> wrestling.'''</p>
  
 
<p>When he runs in on you and is high with the arms, and you also, then you shall hold your sword in your right hand and then thrust his arm from you therewith, and spring with the left foot behind his right, and drive with the left arm below through before his breast, in his left side, and grasp him on your left hip and throw him behind you. Drive these two wrestlings also to both sides, etc.</p>
 
<p>When he runs in on you and is high with the arms, and you also, then you shall hold your sword in your right hand and then thrust his arm from you therewith, and spring with the left foot behind his right, and drive with the left arm below through before his breast, in his left side, and grasp him on your left hip and throw him behind you. Drive these two wrestlings also to both sides, etc.</p>
Line 2,551: Line 2,531:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[121] Mark, when he runs into you with the sword, and holds his arms low so that you may not run through him, then drive this wrestling as hereafter described.</p>
+
| <p>[120] Mark, when he runs into you with the sword, and holds his arms low so that you may not run through him, then drive this wrestling as hereafter described.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 043r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 043r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 037v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 037v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
Line 2,563: Line 2,543:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[122] Item, when he runs in on you with the sword and holds his hands low, then invert your left hand and grip his right therewith (inwardly between both his hands), and jerk<ref>S. ''dring''.</ref> it on your left side therewith, and with the right [hand] strike him over the head with the sword. Or, if you will not strike him, then spring with the right foot behind his left and drive in with the right arm in front or behind around the neck, and thus<ref name="word-s"/> throw him over your right knee, etc.</p>
+
| <p>[121] Item, when he runs in on you with the sword and holds his hands low, then invert your left hand and grip his right therewith (inwardly between both his hands), and jerk<ref>S. ''dring''.</ref> it on your left side therewith, and with the right [hand] strike him over the head with the sword. Or, if you will not strike him, then spring with the right foot behind his left and drive in with the right arm in front or behind around the neck, and thus<ref name="word-s"/> throw him over your right knee, etc.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 043r.jpg|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 043v.jpg|1|lbl=43v|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 043r.jpg|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 043v.jpg|1|lbl=43v|p=1}}
Line 2,576: Line 2,556:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[123] '''Item, yet another wrestling.'''</p>
+
| <p>[122] '''Item, yet another wrestling.'''</p>
  
 
<p>When he runs in on you with the sword and is low with the hands, then release your left hand ahead from the sword, and with the right drive in with the pommel outside over his right hand, and press down therewith, and grasp him with the left hand by the right elbow, and spring with the left foot before his right, and press him thus over.</p>
 
<p>When he runs in on you with the sword and is low with the hands, then release your left hand ahead from the sword, and with the right drive in with the pommel outside over his right hand, and press down therewith, and grasp him with the left hand by the right elbow, and spring with the left foot before his right, and press him thus over.</p>
Line 2,593: Line 2,573:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[124] '''Item, another wrestling.'''</p>
+
| <p>[123] '''Item, another wrestling.'''</p>
  
 
<p>When he runs in on you at the sword,<ref>"at the sword" omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> then invert your left hand and drive over his right arm therewith, and grip therewith his sword between both hands by the handle, and jerk on your left side. Thus you take his sword.</p>
 
<p>When he runs in on you at the sword,<ref>"at the sword" omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> then invert your left hand and drive over his right arm therewith, and grip therewith his sword between both hands by the handle, and jerk on your left side. Thus you take his sword.</p>
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[125] '''Item, yet another wrestling.'''</p>
+
| <p>[124] '''Item, yet another wrestling.'''</p>
  
 
<p>When he runs in on you with the sword, then let your sword fall, and invert your right hand and grip his right outwardly therewith, and with the left grasp him by the right elbow, and spring with the left foot before his right, and thrust his right hand over your left with the right arm,<ref>"and thrust... the right" omitted from the Augsburg. This omission is probably a scribal error, jumping to the second instance of ''siner rechte~''.</ref> and lift him upwards therewith. Thus he is locked, and you may thus break the arm or throw [him] before you over the left leg.</p>
 
<p>When he runs in on you with the sword, then let your sword fall, and invert your right hand and grip his right outwardly therewith, and with the left grasp him by the right elbow, and spring with the left foot before his right, and thrust his right hand over your left with the right arm,<ref>"and thrust... the right" omitted from the Augsburg. This omission is probably a scribal error, jumping to the second instance of ''siner rechte~''.</ref> and lift him upwards therewith. Thus he is locked, and you may thus break the arm or throw [him] before you over the left leg.</p>
Line 2,623: Line 2,603:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[126] '''The Slicing-off'''</p>
+
| <p>[125] '''The Slicing-off'''</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 2,649: Line 2,629:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[127] '''Item, another.'''<ref>S. "Another wrestling".</ref></p>
+
| <p>[126] '''Item, another.'''<ref>S. "Another wrestling".</ref></p>
  
 
<p>When you fight to his body<ref>A. "him".</ref> with Under-hewing, or lie in the guard Fool, if he then<ref name="word-s"/> falls with the sword on yours near by the hilt so that his point goes out to your<ref>A. "his".</ref> right side, then drive quickly up with the pommel over his sword, and strike him with the long edge to the head. Or, if he binds on your sword to your left side, then drive agilely up with the pommel over his sword and strike him with the short edge to the head. And that is called the Snapping or the Speeding, etc.</p>
 
<p>When you fight to his body<ref>A. "him".</ref> with Under-hewing, or lie in the guard Fool, if he then<ref name="word-s"/> falls with the sword on yours near by the hilt so that his point goes out to your<ref>A. "his".</ref> right side, then drive quickly up with the pommel over his sword, and strike him with the long edge to the head. Or, if he binds on your sword to your left side, then drive agilely up with the pommel over his sword and strike him with the short edge to the head. And that is called the Snapping or the Speeding, etc.</p>
Line 2,665: Line 2,645:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[128]</p>
+
| <p>[127]</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 2,693: Line 2,673:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[129] Item, the two Under-slices pertain to driving against the fencers that run in with arms stretched up, and drive them thus: When he binds you on your sword, be it with parrying or such, if he then drives high up with the arms and runs in on you to your left side, then turn your sword so that your thumb comes below, with the long edge under his hilt in his arm, and press upward with the slice.</p>
+
| <p>[128] Item, the two Under-slices pertain to driving against the fencers that run in with arms stretched up, and drive them thus: When he binds you on your sword, be it with parrying or such, if he then drives high up with the arms and runs in on you to your left side, then turn your sword so that your thumb comes below, with the long edge under his hilt in his arm, and press upward with the slice.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 046r.jpg|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 046v.jpg|1|lbl=46v|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 046r.jpg|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 046v.jpg|1|lbl=46v|p=1}}
Line 2,707: Line 2,687:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[130] Or, if he runs in on you with arms stretched up to your right side, then turn your sword so that your thumb comes below, with the short edge under his hilt in his arms, and press upwards with the slice. Those are the Four Slices, etc.</p>
+
| <p>[129] Or, if he runs in on you with arms stretched up to your right side, then turn your sword so that your thumb comes below, with the short edge under his hilt in his arms, and press upwards with the slice. Those are the Four Slices, etc.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 046v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 046v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 039v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 039v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[131]</p>
+
| <p>[130]</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 2,749: Line 2,729:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[132] Item, if he runs in to your right side with arms stretched up, then turn your<ref>S. "his".</ref> sword with the short edge under his hilt in his arms and press fast upwards, and step on his left side, and with this let your pommel go through below, and turn the sword with the long edge over his arms in the slice, and press from you, etc.</p>
+
| <p>[131] Item, if he runs in to your right side with arms stretched up, then turn your<ref>S. "his".</ref> sword with the short edge under his hilt in his arms and press fast upwards, and step on his left side, and with this let your pommel go through below, and turn the sword with the long edge over his arms in the slice, and press from you, etc.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 047v.jpg|1|lbl=47v}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 047v.jpg|1|lbl=47v}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 040r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 040r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
Line 2,762: Line 2,742:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[133] '''Of the Hangings'''</p>
+
| <p>[132] '''Of the Hangings'''</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 2,792: Line 2,772:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[134] Also you shall know that you shall therefrom drive the Four Windings, and from each single Winding<ref>"and from each single Winding" omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> particularly a hew, a stab, and a slice, as from the upper Hangings.</p>
+
| <p>[133] Also you shall know that you shall therefrom drive the Four Windings, and from each single Winding<ref>"and from each single Winding" omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> particularly a hew, a stab, and a slice, as from the upper Hangings.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 048r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 048r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 040v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 040v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
Line 2,804: Line 2,784:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[135] ''Item, the Hanging mark also thus. When you come to the man with the pre-fencing, then lay yourself in the Plow or in the Change-hew, be they whatever side is well, then hang your sword’s pommel against the earth and thrust in up from below from the hanging to the face. If he then thrusts the point over you with parrying, then remain thus on the sword and drive up with the pommel and hang in the point above in to the face, and in the two hews you shall always drive with hews, stabs, or slices.''</p>
+
| <p>[134] ''Item, the Hanging mark also thus. When you come to the man with the pre-fencing, then lay yourself in the Plow or in the Change-hew, be they whatever side is well, then hang your sword’s pommel against the earth and thrust in up from below from the hanging to the face. If he then thrusts the point over you with parrying, then remain thus on the sword and drive up with the pommel and hang in the point above in to the face, and in the two hews you shall always drive with hews, stabs, or slices.''</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 040v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 040v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
Line 2,816: Line 2,796:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[136] '''Of the Speaking-Window'''</p>
+
| <p>[135] '''Of the Speaking-Window'''</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 2,851: Line 2,831:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[137] Item, make the Speaking-Window thus: when you go to the man with the pre-fencing with whatever hew you then come on him, be it an Over or an Under-hew,<ref>S. "be it an Over-/Under-hew".</ref> then let the point always shoot-in long from the arms with the hew, to the face or the<ref name="word-s"/> breast. Therewith you force him so that he must parry or bind on, and when he has bound-on thus, then remain strong with the long edge on the sword, and stand freely and see his manner; what he will fence further. If he pulls backwards from the sword, then follow after him with the point to the face or the<ref name="word-s"/> breast. Or, if he strikes from the bind around to the other side, then slice him strongly over the arms, and work in above to the head. Or, if he will not pull off nor strike around, then work with the Doubling or such with other techniques thereafter, as you find if he is Strong or Weak on the sword, etc.</p>
+
| <p>[136] Item, make the Speaking-Window thus: when you go to the man with the pre-fencing with whatever hew you then come on him, be it an Over or an Under-hew,<ref>S. "be it an Over-/Under-hew".</ref> then let the point always shoot-in long from the arms with the hew, to the face or the<ref name="word-s"/> breast. Therewith you force him so that he must parry or bind on, and when he has bound-on thus, then remain strong with the long edge on the sword, and stand freely and see his manner; what he will fence further. If he pulls backwards from the sword, then follow after him with the point to the face or the<ref name="word-s"/> breast. Or, if he strikes from the bind around to the other side, then slice him strongly over the arms, and work in above to the head. Or, if he will not pull off nor strike around, then work with the Doubling or such with other techniques thereafter, as you find if he is Strong or Weak on the sword, etc.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 049r.jpg|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 049v.jpg|1|lbl=49v|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 049r.jpg|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 049v.jpg|1|lbl=49v|p=1}}
Line 2,866: Line 2,846:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[138] Item, then shall you [make] the Speaking-window, which are two guards from the Long Point, one on the sword, and the other before the man ere when you bind him on his sword or the swords clash together. And it is yet the same, not more than one guard.</p>
+
| <p>[137] Item, then shall you [make] the Speaking-window, which are two guards from the Long Point, one on the sword, and the other before the man ere when you bind him on his sword or the swords clash together. And it is yet the same, not more than one guard.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 049v.jpg|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 050r.jpg|1|lbl=50r|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 049v.jpg|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 050r.jpg|1|lbl=50r|p=1}}
Line 2,880: Line 2,860:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[139] Item, I say truthfully that the Long Point is the best<ref>A. "noblest"</ref> ward on the sword, when therewith you compel the man that he must let you strike, and therefore to no strikes may come. Wherefore you shall drive the point in to the man with all hews, to the breast or to the face, and further therefrom drive stab and strike, etc...</p>
+
| <p>[138] Item, I say truthfully that the Long Point is the best<ref>A. "noblest"</ref> ward on the sword, when therewith you compel the man that he must let you strike, and therefore to no strikes may come. Wherefore you shall drive the point in to the man with all hews, to the breast or to the face, and further therefrom drive stab and strike, etc...</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 050r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 050r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 042r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS M.I.29 042r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
Line 2,892: Line 2,872:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[140] Item, mark that is also<ref name="word-s"/> called a Speaking-Window when you are<ref name="word-s"/> come close<ref name="word-s"/> to the man with the pre-fencing. Then set the left foot before, and hold the point long from the arms against the face or the breast ere when you bind him on the sword, and stand joyfully and see what he will fence against you. If he then hews in above, then drive up with the sword and Wind against his hew in the Ox, and stab him to the face. Or, if he hews to the sword and not to the body, then Change-through bravely and stab in to the other side. Or, if he runs in and is high with the arms, then drive the Under-slice; or if he is low with the arms, then await the wrestling. Thus you may drive all techniques from the arms, whichever is best, etc.</p>
+
| <p>[139] Item, mark that is also<ref name="word-s"/> called a Speaking-Window when you are<ref name="word-s"/> come close<ref name="word-s"/> to the man with the pre-fencing. Then set the left foot before, and hold the point long from the arms against the face or the breast ere when you bind him on the sword, and stand joyfully and see what he will fence against you. If he then hews in above, then drive up with the sword and Wind against his hew in the Ox, and stab him to the face. Or, if he hews to the sword and not to the body, then Change-through bravely and stab in to the other side. Or, if he runs in and is high with the arms, then drive the Under-slice; or if he is low with the arms, then await the wrestling. Thus you may drive all techniques from the arms, whichever is best, etc.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 050r.jpg|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 050v.jpg|1|lbl=50v|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 050r.jpg|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 050v.jpg|1|lbl=50v|p=1}}
Line 2,908: Line 2,888:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[141] {{red|b=1|The conclusion of the new epitome}}</p>
+
| <p>[140] {{red|b=1|The conclusion of the new epitome}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 2,953: Line 2,933:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[142] Item, here<ref name="word-s"/> mark how you shall drive the Eight Windings from the Four Hangings. The first Over-Hanging has two Windings, drive that thus. When you come to the man<ref>A. "him".</ref> with the pre-fencing, then stand on your right side in the Ox. If he then hews in<ref name="word-a"/> above in to your left side, then Wind against his hew, the short edge on his sword, yet in Ox, and stab him above in to the face. That is the Winding-in. If he sets the stab off to<ref>S. "against".</ref> his left side, then remain on the sword, and Wind again on your right side in the Ox, the long edge on his sword, and stab him above in to the face. That is one Hanging from your right side with two Windings on his sword.</p>
+
| <p>[141] Item, here<ref name="word-s"/> mark how you shall drive the Eight Windings from the Four Hangings. The first Over-Hanging has two Windings, drive that thus. When you come to the man<ref>A. "him".</ref> with the pre-fencing, then stand on your right side in the Ox. If he then hews in<ref name="word-a"/> above in to your left side, then Wind against his hew, the short edge on his sword, yet in Ox, and stab him above in to the face. That is the Winding-in. If he sets the stab off to<ref>S. "against".</ref> his left side, then remain on the sword, and Wind again on your right side in the Ox, the long edge on his sword, and stab him above in to the face. That is one Hanging from your right side with two Windings on his sword.</p>
 
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| <p>[143] {{red|b=1|Another}}</p>
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| <p>[142] {{red|b=1|Another}}</p>
  
 
<p>Item, drive the two Over-Hangings yet with two Windings thus. When you come to him with the pre-fencing, then stand on your left side in the Ox. If he then hews above in to your right side, then Wind the long edge on his sword against his hew and stab him above to the face. That is but one Winding. If he sets the stab off against his<ref>S. "your".</ref> right side, then remain on the sword and Wind again on your left side in the Ox, the short (?) edge on his sword, and stab him above in to the face. This is the second Over-Hanging from the<ref>S. "your".</ref> left side, yet with two Windings on his sword, etc.</p>
 
<p>Item, drive the two Over-Hangings yet with two Windings thus. When you come to him with the pre-fencing, then stand on your left side in the Ox. If he then hews above in to your right side, then Wind the long edge on his sword against his hew and stab him above to the face. That is but one Winding. If he sets the stab off against his<ref>S. "your".</ref> right side, then remain on the sword and Wind again on your left side in the Ox, the short (?) edge on his sword, and stab him above in to the face. This is the second Over-Hanging from the<ref>S. "your".</ref> left side, yet with two Windings on his sword, etc.</p>
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| <p>[144] Item, Now you shall know that from the two Under Hangings, that is the Plow from both sides, you shall also drive Four Windings with all your drivings, as from the Overs. These are the Eight Windings. And as often as you Wind, then think in each single Wind particularly on the hew, and<ref name="word-s"/> on the stab, and on the slice. Thus come from the Eight Windings twenty-four, and from whatever Winding, and against whatever technique, and against whatever hew you shall drive the hew, or the stab, or the slice. You find all that described before in the techniques,<ref>"in the techniques" omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> etc.</p>
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| <p>[143] Item, Now you shall know that from the two Under Hangings, that is the Plow from both sides, you shall also drive Four Windings with all your drivings, as from the Overs. These are the Eight Windings. And as often as you Wind, then think in each single Wind particularly on the hew, and<ref name="word-s"/> on the stab, and on the slice. Thus come from the Eight Windings twenty-four, and from whatever Winding, and against whatever technique, and against whatever hew you shall drive the hew, or the stab, or the slice. You find all that described before in the techniques,<ref>"in the techniques" omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> etc.</p>
 
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Revision as of 23:54, 26 March 2018

Jud Lew
Born before ca. 1440s
Died date of death unknown
Occupation Fencing master
Ethnicity Jewish
Movement Liechtenauer Tradition
Genres
Language Early New High German
Principal
manuscript(s)
Manuscript(s)
Concordance by Michael Chidester
Translations Traducción castellano

Jud Lew was a 15th century German fencing master. His name signifies that he was Jewish, and he seems to have stood in the tradition of Johannes Liechtenauer, though he was not included in Paulus Kal's ca. 1470 list of the members of the Fellowship of Liechtenauer.[1]

Lew is often erroneously credited with authoring the Cod.I.6.4º.3, an anonymous compilation of various fencing treatises created in the 1450s. In fact, his name is only associated with a single section of that book, a gloss of Johannes Liechtenauer's Recital on mounted fencing that is actually one branch of the so-called Pseudo-Peter von Danzig gloss.[2] Though some versions of Martin Huntfeltz's treatise on armored fencing are also attributed to Lew, this is almost certainly an error.[3] By convention, the gloss of Liechtenauer's Recital on long sword fencing that generally accompanies this mounted gloss is also attributed to Lew.

Stemma

Early on in its history, the Pseudo-Peter von Danzig gloss seems to have split into two or three primary branches, and no definite copies of the unaltered original are known to survive. The gloss of Sigmund ain Ringeck also seems to be related to this work, due to the considerable overlap in text and contents, but it is currently unclear if Ringeck's gloss is based on that of pseudo-Danzig or if they both derive from an even earlier original gloss (or even if Ringeck and pseudo-Danzig are the same author and the "Ringeck" gloss should be considered Branch D).

Branch A, first attested in the Augsburg version (1450s) and comprising the majority of extant copies, has more devices overall than Branch B but generally shorter descriptions in areas of overlap. It also glosses only Liechtenauer's Recital on long sword and mounted fencing; in lieu of a gloss of Liechtenauer's short sword, it is generally accompanied by the short sword teachings of Andre Liegniczer and Martin Huntfeltz (or, in the case of the 1512 Vienna II, Ringeck's short sword gloss). Apart from the Augsburg, the other principal text in Branch A is the Salzburg version (1491), which was copied independently[4] and also incorporates nine paragraphs from Ringeck's gloss and twenty-one paragraphs from an unidentified third source. Branch A was redacted by Paulus Hector Mair (three mss., 1540s), Lienhart Sollinger (1556), and Joachim Meyer (1570), which despite being the latest is the cleanest extant version and was likely either copied directly from the original or created by comparing multiple versions to correct their errors. It was also one of the bases for Johannes Lecküchner's gloss on the Messer in the late 1470s.

Branch B, attested first in the Rome version (1452), is found in only four manuscripts; it tends to feature slightly longer descriptions than Branch A, but includes fewer devices overall. Branch B glosses Liechtenauer's entire Recital, including the short sword section, and may therefore be considered more complete than Branch A; it also differs from Branch A in that three of the four known copies are illustrated to some extent, where none in the other branch are. The Krakow version (1510-20) seems to be an incomplete (though extensively illustrated) copy taken from the Rome,[5] while Augsburg II (1564) collects only the six illustrated wrestling devices from the Krakow. Even more anomalous is the Glasgow version (1508), consisting solely of a nearly complete redaction of the short sword gloss (assigning it to Branch B), which is appended to the opening paragraphs of Ringeck's gloss of the same section; since it accompanies Ringeck's long sword and mounted fencing glosses, a possible explanation is that the scribe lacked a complete copy of Ringeck and tried to fill in the deficit with another similar text.

A Branch C might be said to exist as well, first attested in the Vienna version (1480s), though it is unclear whether it was derived independently from the original, represents an intermediate evolutionary step between Branches A and B, or was created by simply merging copies of the other branches together. The structure and contents of this branch very closely align with Branch B, lacking most of the unique devices of Branch A and including the gloss of the short sword, but the actual text is more consistent with that of Branch A. A fragment of Branch C appears in the writings of Jörg Wilhalm Hutter (several mss., 1520s), though Glasgow II (1533) assigns the fragment a much earlier origin, stating that it was devised by one Nicolaüs in 1489.

Finally, there is one version of the Pseudo-Peter von Danzig gloss that defies categorization into any branch, namely the one that Mair created based on papers purchased from the estate of Antonius Rast. This gloss is a chimeric abomination, combining text from all three branches in an apparently-arbitrary sequence, and then concluding with the final eighteen paragraphs of Ringeck.

While all branches were originally presented in a single concordance in the pseudo-Peter von Danzig article, the differences between them were revealed thereby to be extensive enough that they merit separate consideration. Thus, Branch A has been placed here on the page of Jud Lew, to whom is seemingly attributed the gloss on mounted fencing, while Branch B has been retained on the main pseudo-Danzig page. Branch C will be placed on another page in the future.

Treatises

Additional Resources

References

  1. The Fellowship of Liechtenauer is recorded in three versions of Paulus Kal's treatise: MS 1825 (1460s), Cgm 1570 (ca. 1470), and MS KK5126 (1480s).
  2. See folio 123r.
  3. Jaquet, Daniel; Walczak, Bartłomiej. "Liegnitzer, Hundsfeld or Lew? The question of authorship of popular Medieval fighting teachings". Acta Periodica Duellatorum 2(1): 105-148. 2014. doi:10.1515/apd-2015-0015.
  4. Both Augsburg and Salzburg contain significant scribal errors of omission that allow us to identify manuscripts copied from them.
  5. Zabinski, pp 82-83
  6. "thereby the hew" omitted from the Salzburg.
  7. S. "right-side foot".
  8. sic : nahent
  9. sic : rechten
  10. sic : lonen
  11. S. "peasant hew".
  12. 12.00 12.01 12.02 12.03 12.04 12.05 12.06 12.07 12.08 12.09 12.10 12.11 12.12 12.13 12.14 12.15 12.16 12.17 12.18 12.19 12.20 12.21 12.22 12.23 12.24 12.25 12.26 12.27 12.28 12.29 12.30 12.31 12.32 12.33 12.34 12.35 Word omitted from the Salzburg.
  13. Could be read as “schlichter”.
  14. "And you shall... with the other" omitted from the Augsburg. This omission is probably a scribal error, jumping to the second instance of also soltu.
  15. Couplet 104, part of the group 102-109.
  16. 16.00 16.01 16.02 16.03 16.04 16.05 16.06 16.07 16.08 16.09 16.10 16.11 16.12 16.13 16.14 16.15 16.16 16.17 16.18 Word omitted from the Augsburg.
  17. "of the man… of the girdle" omitted from the Salzburg. This omission is probably a scribal error, jumping to the second instance of der gürttell.
  18. 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 The subsequent play in Salzburg is taken from the gloss of Sigmund ain Ringeck, and is therefore omitted here.
  19. "To you truthfully" omitted from the Augsburg.
  20. "of the sword" omitted from the Salzburg.
  21. Fehlstelle im Manuskript
  22. "and you bind with… standing on the sword" omitted from the Augsburg.
  23. "And wind yet… and stab him" omitted from the Augsburg.
  24. Here Salzburg segues into Sigmund ain Ringeck's gloss of the same verse describing how the Crooked hew is used as a counter-cut: "This is how you shall cut crooked to the hands, and execute the play thus: When he cuts from your[sic: his] right side with the over- or under-cut, spring away from the cut with the right foot against him well to his left side, and strike him with outstretched arms with the [point] upon his hands."
  25. A. "him"
  26. "with the short edge" omitted from the Salzburg.
  27. S. "bind of the sword hews".
  28. A. "him".
  29. sic : schwerts
  30. Sentence omitted from the Augsburg.
  31. Augsburg just has "protect".
  32. A. "your"
  33. Lit. "his".
  34. Salzburg doubles "schlag".
  35. "and to the body" omitted from the Salzburg.
  36. A. treffen, S. griffen.
  37. A. "him"
  38. "and every" omitted from the Salzburg.
  39. S. "or"
  40. A. "on"
  41. Couplet 91.
  42. S. "to his"
  43. A. "to the"
  44. "and slice" omitted from the Salzburg.
  45. "if that is what you wish" omitted from the Salzburg.
  46. sic : deinem
  47. A. "the"
  48. A. aber: "yet".
  49. "and all Windings... are all short" omitted from the Salzburg.
  50. A. anwind: "wind on".
  51. A. "him".
  52. S. "your"
  53. Korrigiert aus »Hautt«.
  54. After this paragraph is a repetition of [59], the Twofold Failer.
  55. S. "he then".
  56. S. "the one hilt".
  57. S. "thrusts your point up".
  58. Clause omitted from the Augsburg.
  59. Augsburg doubles the phrase "and hold your sword on your right side with the hilt in front". This is probably a scribal error.
  60. The subsequent play in Salzburg, which repeats couplet 71 and glosses it, is taken from the gloss of Sigmund ain Ringeck, and is therefore omitted here.
  61. The subsequent two plays in Salzburg are taken from the gloss of Sigmund ain Ringeck, and are therefore omitted here.
  62. Mittels Einfügezeichen korrigiert aus »siten rechten«
  63. A. "quickly there".
  64. "that fence from free long hews" omitted from the Salzburg.
  65. "do not hold" omitted from the Salzburg.
  66. "to him" omitted from the Salzburg.
  67. S. were: "weapon".
  68. "on his neck... on his right side" omitted from the Salzburg.
  69. S. "ere when you come up"
  70. S. "to"
  71. A. "in"
  72. Salzburg doubles "the feeling".
  73. "Feel and cannot undertake" omitted from the Salzburg. This is probably a scribal error, jumping from one instance of nicht to the next.
  74. S. "work".
  75. S. entphindest: "perceive".
  76. S. "ere when".
  77. Word doubled in the Salzburg.
  78. S. "word".
  79. S. "right or left side".
  80. S. bindest gebünde~.
  81. 81.0 81.1 Disappears into the binding.
  82. S. "after".
  83. S. "wind".
  84. S. "Technique".
  85. A. "Item".
  86. Word doubled in the Augsburg.
  87. "down a little" omitted from the Salzburg.
  88. "before you" omitted from the Salzburg.
  89. S. dring.
  90. "at the sword" omitted from the Salzburg.
  91. "and thrust... the right" omitted from the Augsburg. This omission is probably a scribal error, jumping to the second instance of siner rechte~.
  92. sic : sein rechten bis repetita
  93. S. "Another wrestling".
  94. A. "him".
  95. A. "his".
  96. S. "weapon".
  97. S. "your".
  98. A. "with".
  99. S. "his".
  100. "and from each single Winding" omitted from the Salzburg.
  101. S. "be it an Over-/Under-hew".
  102. ”einwindẽ durchwindẽ“ written in another hand above the line.
  103. Illegible word from another hand written above the line.
  104. A. "noblest"
  105. Rest der Zeile verschwindet im Bund
  106. A. "him".
  107. S. "against".
  108. S. "your".
  109. S. "your".
  110. "in the techniques" omitted from the Salzburg.
  111. korrigiert aus »schnudt«