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| '''[15] <span style="color:#A40000">Another technique from the Zornhau.</span>'''
+
| <p>[14] {{red|b=1|Another technique from the Zornhau.}}</p>
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0"
+
{| class="zettel"
| style="width:3em;" | <poem><small>29</small>
+
| <poem><small>29</small>
 
&nbsp;</poem>
 
&nbsp;</poem>
 
| <poem>Become stronger against
 
| <poem>Become stronger against
 
:and thrust! If he marks this, take it below.</poem>
 
:and thrust! If he marks this, take it below.</poem>
 
|}
 
|}
 
+
<p>{{red|Glosa}} When you cut in against him with a Zornhau and he defends himself and holds backs, strong against you in the bind, so become strong again against him in the bind and push up with the "strong" of the sword against the "weak" of his sword, and wind your hilt high in front of your head, and thrust down from above into his face.</p>
{{red|Glosa}} When you cut in against him with a Zornhau and he defends himself and holds backs, strong against you in the bind, so become strong again against him in the bind and push up with the "strong" of the sword against the "weak" of his sword, and wind your hilt high in front of your head, and thrust down from above into his face.
+
|
| <strong style="color:#A40000">Aber ein stuck vß de~ zornhaw°</strong>
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 019v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 020r.png|1|lbl=020r|p=1}}
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0"
 
| <poem>Biß störcker wider /
 
vnd <del>sch</del> stich sicht erß so nÿm es wider •:</poem>
 
|}
 
 
<span style="color:#A40000">Glosa</span> Wenn du im mitt dem zornhaw° Inhaw°st verseczt er dir daß vñ pleibt dir damitt '''[20r]''' starck am schwert So bÿß gen im wider starck am schwert Vñ far uff mit der störck dines schwerts in die schwöchi sines schwerts vnd wind am schwert <del>de</del> din gehülcz <del>f</del> vorne~ für dein <del>hopt</del> haupt vñ so stich in oben zu° dem gesichte ~
 
 
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| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 008r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 008r.png|2|lbl=-}}
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| '''[17] <span style="color:#A40000">Another technique from the Zornhau.</span>'''
+
| <p>[15] {{red|b=1|Another technique from the Zornhau.}}</p>
When you use the winding against him and thrust down from above—as mentioned already—and he pushes up high with the hands and uses the hilt to defend against your upper thrust, so stand in the winding and thrust your point downwards between his arms and chest.
+
 
| <strong style="color:#A40000">Aber ain stuck vß dem zornhaw°</strong>
+
<p>When you use the winding against him and thrust down from above—as mentioned already—and he pushes up high with the hands and uses the hilt to defend against your upper thrust, so stand in the winding and thrust your point downwards between his arms and chest.</p>
Wann du<sup> Im </sup>mitt dem winden oben ein stichst / alß vor stett / fört er den hoch vff mitt den henden vñ versetzt mitt dem gehülcze den obern <del>sttich</del> stich so plÿb <del>alst</del> also sten in dem winden vnd setz im den ort '''[20v]''' niden zwischen sinen armen vñ der brust ~~
+
|
 +
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 020r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 020v.png|1|lbl=020v|p=1}}
 
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| '''[18] <span style="color:#A40000">A counter to the taking-away.</span>'''
+
| <p>[16] {{red|b=1|A counter to the taking-away.}}</p>
When you bind strongly against him and he twitches away his sword up and over your sword and in the bind cuts against you on the other side of your sword to your head, so bind (strike) strongly with the long edge in against his head.
+
 
| <strong style="color:#A40000">Ain bruch wide~ daß abneme~</strong>
+
<p>When you bind strongly against him and he twitches away his sword up and over your sword and in the bind cuts against you on the other side of your sword to your head, so bind (strike) strongly with the long edge in against his head.</p>
Mörck wenn du mitt ainem starck am schwert bindest Ruckt er dan sein schwert übersich oben abe von dine~ schwert vñ haw~t dir zu° der andere~ sÿtten am schwert wider eÿn zuo dem kopffe So bind starck mitt der langen schnÿden Im oben eÿn zu° dem kopffe ~~
+
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 020v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
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| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 008r.png|4|lbl=-}}
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| '''[20] <span style="color:#A40000">A good lesson.</span>'''
+
| <p>[17] {{red|b=1|A good lesson.}}</p>
Note to train this:<br/>
+
 
 +
<p>Note to train this:<br/>
 
cut, thrusts, guards--soft and hard.<br/>
 
cut, thrusts, guards--soft and hard.<br/>
 
"Instant" and "Before", "After" without hurry.<br/>
 
"Instant" and "Before", "After" without hurry.<br/>
 
Do not seek close combat prematurely.<br/>
 
Do not seek close combat prematurely.<br/>
 
Those who aim for close combat<br/>
 
Those who aim for close combat<br/>
before they are ready, are cut down.
+
before they are ready, are cut down.</p>
  
<span style="color:#A40000">Glosa</span> When one binds against your sword with a cut or thrust or anything else, you must find out whether he is soft or hard in the bind. And when you find this, you will "Instantly" know what is best to do, to attack him with "Before" or "After". But in the attack you shall not be too hasty to go into close combat, because close combat is nothing other than the windings in the bind.
+
<p>{{red|Glosa}} When one binds against your sword with a cut or thrust or anything else, you must find out whether he is soft or hard in the bind. And when you find this, you will "Instantly" know what is best to do, to attack him with "Before" or "After". But in the attack you shall not be too hasty to go into close combat, because close combat is nothing other than the windings in the bind.</p>
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">Hie mörck ain gu°tte lere</span>'''
+
|
Das öben mörck /<br/>
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 020v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 021r.png|1|lbl=021r|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 021v.png|1|lbl=021v|p=1}}
Haw stich leger waÿch oder hört<br/>
 
In des vñ fär nach /<br/>
 
on hurt dein krieg sich '''[21r]''' nicht gäch<br/>
 
Weß der krieg <del>ri</del> riempt<br/>
 
oben nÿder wirt er beschämpt •:
 
 
 
<span style="color:#A40000">Glosa</span> Daß ist dz du gar eben mörcken solt wann du dir aine~ mitt ainem haw~ oder mit aine~ stich oder sunst an din schwert <del>bintt</del> bindet ob er am schwert waich oder hört ist vñ wenn du das enpfunden hast So solt du / In das / wissen welchses dir am beste~ sÿ ob du mitt dem vor oder mitt dem nach an in hurten solt Abe~ du solt dir mitt dem an hurten nicht zu° gauch laussen sÿn mitt dem krieg wenn der krieg ist nicht anders dann die winden am '''[21v]''' schwert
 
 
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| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 008v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 008v.png|2|lbl=-}}
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| Perform close combat like this: when you cut against him with a Zornhau, when he defends himself quickly, you shall go up in an orderly fashion with the arms and wind against his sword with your point in against the upper opening. If he defends against this thrust, stand in the winding and thrust with the point into the lower openings. If he follows further after the sword in self defence, go under his sword with the point through to the other side and hang your point over in against the other opening on his right side. In this way he will be cut down in close combat both above and below, because you (unlike he) can perform the movements correctly.
+
| <p>Perform close combat like this: when you cut against him with a Zornhau, when he defends himself quickly, you shall go up in an orderly fashion with the arms and wind against his sword with your point in against the upper opening. If he defends against this thrust, stand in the winding and thrust with the point into the lower openings. If he follows further after the sword in self defence, go under his sword with the point through to the other side and hang your point over in against the other opening on his right side. In this way he will be cut down in close combat both above and below, because you (unlike he) can perform the movements correctly.</p>
| Item den krieg trÿb also Wam [!] du Im mitt dem zorn haw~ In haw~est Alß bald er dann verseczt so far wol vff mitt den armen vñ wind im den ort am schwert ein zu° der obern blöß verseczt er denn den stich So blÿb sten in de~ winden vñ stich mitt dem ort die vnder blöß folgt er dann fürbaß mitt der versaczu~ge dem ss schwert nach so far mitt dem ort vnde~ sÿn schwert durch vñ heng im den ort oben ein zu° de~ andere~ blöß sine~ rechten sÿtten Also wirt er mitt dem krieg oben vñ vnden beschämpt Ist daß du die ge'''[22r]'''fört andrest recht kanst trÿben ~
+
|  
 +
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 021v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 022r.png|1|lbl=022r|p=1}}
 
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| '''[21] <span style="color:#A40000">How one in all windings shall find correct cuts and thrusts.</span>'''
+
| <p>[18] {{red|b=1|How one in all windings shall find correct cuts and thrusts.}}</p>
In all windings<br/>
+
 
 +
<p>In all windings<br/>
 
learn correctly to find the cut and the thrust.<br/>
 
learn correctly to find the cut and the thrust.<br/>
 
You shall also test<br/>
 
You shall also test<br/>
 
with cut, thrust or slice,<br/>
 
with cut, thrust or slice,<br/>
 
in all fights<br/>
 
in all fights<br/>
if you want to beat the masters.
+
if you want to beat the masters.</p>
  
<span style="color:#A40000">Glosa</span> That is to say that you should in all windings find the correct cut, thrust or slice in this manner: when you wind, you shall become immediately aware of which the three will work best for you to use. This is so that you do not cut when you should thrust, and that you do not slice when you should cut, and so that you do not thrust when you should slice. And mark: when your opponent defends against the one, you should strike with the other. Also: if one defends against your thrust then use the cut. If he rushes in towards you, use the lower slice against his arm. Remember this in all fights and binds with the sword, if you want to defeat the masters who set themselves against you.
+
<p>{{red|Glosa}} That is to say that you should in all windings find the correct cut, thrust or slice in this manner: when you wind, you shall become immediately aware of which the three will work best for you to use. This is so that you do not cut when you should thrust, and that you do not slice when you should cut, and so that you do not thrust when you should slice. And mark: when your opponent defends against the one, you should strike with the other. Also: if one defends against your thrust then use the cut. If he rushes in towards you, use the lower slice against his arm. Remember this in all fights and binds with the sword, if you want to defeat the masters who set themselves against you.</p>
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">Wie man In allen winden hew° stich recht vinden sol ~</span>'''
+
|
In allen winden<br/>
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 022r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 022v.png|1|lbl=022v|p=1}}
hew stich recht lern finden<br/>
 
Auch soltdu mit<br/>
 
<del>brüch</del> brüffen / hew stich oder schnitt<br/>
 
In allen treffen<br/>
 
den maistern wilt du sÿ effen •:
 
 
 
<span style="color:#A40000">Glosa</span> Daß ist daß du in allen winden hew stich vñ schnitt recht finden solt Also wenn du windest dz du da mitt zu° handt solt brüffen weches dir vnder den <del>de</del> drÿen daß best sÿ zu° triben al also dz du nicht hav~est wann du steche~ solt vñ nit schnidest wañ du hawen solt vñ nicht stechest '''[22v]''' wann du schniden solt Vñ mörck wan man dir der aÿnes verseczt dz du in mitt dem andern treffest Also / versecz man dir den stich so <del>trÿb</del> treÿb den haw° Laufft man dir eÿnn so treÿb den vndern schnitt In sin arm morck in allen treffen vñ anbinden der schwert wilt du anderst die maister effen die sich wider dich seczen ~~:~:•
 
 
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| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 009r.png|2|lbl=-}}<!--
 
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 009r.png|2|lbl=-}}<!--
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| '''[22] <span style="color:#A40000">The four openings.</span>'''
+
| <p>[22] {{red|b=1|The four openings.}}</p>
Learn four openings,<br/>
+
 
 +
<p>Learn four openings,<br/>
 
aim to strike these with safety,<br/>
 
aim to strike these with safety,<br/>
 
without any risk,<br/>
 
without any risk,<br/>
without doubt about what he can do.
+
without doubt about what he can do.</p>
  
<span style="color:#A40000">Glosa</span> Here you will learn about people's four openings, against which you will always fence. The first opening is on the right sight, the second on the left side, above the man's belt. The other two are likewise on the right and left sides under the belt. Always pay attention to the openings in Zufechten. His openings you shall skillfully seek without danger: with thrusts with the the outstretched point, with travelling after and with all other techniques. And do not pay heed to what he tries to do with his techniques against you, but fence with belief and throw strikes that are excellent and that do not allow him to come at you with his own techniques.
+
<p>{{red|Glosa}} Here you will learn about people's four openings, against which you will always fence. The first opening is on the right sight, the second on the left side, above the man's belt. The other two are likewise on the right and left sides under the belt. Always pay attention to the openings in Zufechten. His openings you shall skillfully seek without danger: with thrusts with the the outstretched point, with travelling after and with all other techniques. And do not pay heed to what he tries to do with his techniques against you, but fence with belief and throw strikes that are excellent and that do not allow him to come at you with his own techniques.</p>
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">Von den vier blossen</span>'''
+
|
Vier bloß wisse /<br/>
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 022v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 023r.png|1|lbl=023r|p=1}}
rem so schlechstu gewisse<br/>
 
an alle for /<br/>
 
on zwifel wie er gebar •:
 
 
 
<span style="color:#A40000">Glosa</span> Hie soltu morcken die vier blossen an dem man da du all wegen zu° fechten '''[23r]''' solt Die erst bloß ist die recht sÿtt seÿtt die ander ist die link seÿtt oberhalben der girtel deß manß Die ander zwuo sind och die recht vnd die linck seÿtten vnderhalben der girtel Der blossen nÿm eben war in dem zu°fechten mitt welcher er sich gege~ dir enblösse der selbigen reme künstlichen on far mitt einschiessen des langen orts mit nachraisen vñ sunst mit allen geförten vñ acht nitt wie er mit sÿne~ geförten gegen dir <del>bar</del> gebar So vichtest du gewisß vnnd schlechst schlege daruß die do treffenlich sind vnd <del>lau</del> laust in domitt zu° seine~ stucken nitt komen ~:~
 
 
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| '''[23] <span style="color:#A40000">Explanation of doubling and mutating: how these break the four openings.</span>'''
+
| <p>[23] {{red|b=1|Explanation of doubling and mutating: how these break the four openings.}}</p>
If you would like to find revenge,<br/>
+
 
 +
<p>If you would like to find revenge,<br/>
 
skillfully break up the four openings:<br/>
 
skillfully break up the four openings:<br/>
 
double over,<br/>
 
double over,<br/>
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no master defends himself without risk.<br/>
 
no master defends himself without risk.<br/>
 
If you have understood this,<br/>
 
If you have understood this,<br/>
he can hardly come to blows.
+
he can hardly come to blows.</p>
  
<span style="color:#A40000">Glosa</span> When you would like to skillfully break up the four openings for him, use the doubling against the upper openings and the mutating against the other openings. Certainly I say to you that he cannot defend himself against this, and can succeed with neither cut nor thrust.
+
<p>{{red|Glosa}} When you would like to skillfully break up the four openings for him, use the doubling against the upper openings and the mutating against the other openings. Certainly I say to you that he cannot defend himself against this, and can succeed with neither cut nor thrust.</p>
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">Der text vnd die gloß von de~ dupliern vnd von dem mutierñ Wie die brechen die vier blossen ~</span>'''
+
|
Wilt du rechen<br/>
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 023v.png|1|lbl=023v|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 024r.png|1|lbl=024r|p=1}}
Die vier blossen künstlich brechen<br/>
 
Oben duplir /<br/>
 
vnden recht mutier<br/>
 
Ich sag dir für war /<br/>
 
sich scu schücz kain maiste~ an far<br/>
 
Haustu es recht vernom~en<br/>
 
zu° schlage mag er klain kom~en •:
 
 
 
<span style="color:#A40000">Glosa</span> Daß ist Wann du dich an eine~ rechen wilt also / dz du im die vier blossen mitt kunst wilt brechen <del>d</del> So trÿb dz dupliern zu° der oberen <del>bo</del> blössen gen de~ störcki seines schwerts vñ daß mutiern zu° der anderen blösß '''[24r]''' So sag ich dir für war daß er sich dar von nitt schüczen kan vnd mag weder zu° schlachen noch zu° stechen komen ~
 
 
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| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 009v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 009v.png|2|lbl=-}}
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|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| '''[24] <span style="color:#A40000">Doubling.</span>'''
+
| <p>[24] {{red|b=1|Doubling.}}</p>
When you cut in with a Zornhau or another Oberhau and he defends himself strongly, so "Instantly" thrust your pommel in under your right arm with your left hand, and cut him in the bind over the face with crossed hands, between the sword and the man. Or cut him with the sword in the head.
+
 
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">Daß dupliern</span>'''
+
<p>When you cut in with a Zornhau or another Oberhau and he defends himself strongly, so "Instantly" thrust your pommel in under your right arm with your left hand, and cut him in the bind over the face with crossed hands, between the sword and the man. Or cut him with the sword in the head.</p>
Item wann du in mitt dem zorn haw° / oder sunst oben eÿn haw~st verseczt er dir mit stöck So stos / In des / deines schwerts knopff vnder deine~ rechte~ arm mitt der lincken hand vñ schlach in mitt gecruczten henden am schwert hinder sines schwerts <del>cli</del> klingen zwischen de~ schwert Vñ dem mann <del>vff</del> durch daß maul Oder schlach im mit dem stück vff den kopff ~
+
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 024r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
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| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 009v.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
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| '''[25] <span style="color:#A40000">Mutating.</span>'''
+
| <p>[25] {{red|b=1|Mutating.}}</p>
When you bind against his sword with an Oberhau or something similar, so wind the short edge against his sword and go up in an orderly fashion with the arms; and hang your sword blade over his sword on the outside and thrust into him through the lower openings. This can be done on both sides.
+
 
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">Mörck daß mutiern</span>'''
+
<p>When you bind against his sword with an Oberhau or something similar, so wind the short edge against his sword and go up in an orderly fashion with the arms; and hang your sword blade over his sword on the outside and thrust into him through the lower openings. This can be done on both sides.</p>
'''[24v]''' Daß mutiern treÿb also Wenn du im mitt dem obern haw° ode~ sunst an daß schwert bindest So winde die <del>kun</del> kurcze~ schnide~ an sin schwert vñ far wol vff mit den armen vñ heng im dein schwerczs <del>?</del> clingen vssen über sein schwert vñ stich <del>v</del> im zu° der vndern blösse vñ dz trÿb zu° baÿden sÿtten ~
+
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 +
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Revision as of 03:09, 26 March 2015

Sigmund Schining ein Ringeck
Born date of birth unknown
Died before 1470
Occupation Fencing master
Nationality German
Patron Albrecht, Duke of Bavaria
Movement Society of Liechtenauer
Influences Johannes Liechtenauer
Influenced
Genres Fencing manual
Language Early New High German
Archetype(s) Hypothetical
Manuscript(s)
First printed
english edition
Tobler, 2001
Concordance by Michael Chidester
Translations

Sigmund Schining ein Ringeck (Sigmund ain Ringeck, Sigmund Amring, Sigmund Einring, Sigmund Schining) was a 14th or 15th century German fencing master. While the meaning of the surname "Schining" is uncertain, the suffix "ain Ringeck" may indicate that he came from the Rhineland region of south-eastern Germany. He is named in the text as Schirmaister to Albrecht, Count Palatine of Rhine and Duke of Bavaria. Other than this, the only thing that can be determined about his life is that his renown as a master was sufficient for Paulus Kal to include him on his memorial to the deceased masters of the Society of Liechtenauer in 1470.[1]

The identity of Ringeck's patron remains unclear, as four men named Albrecht held the title during the fifteenth century. If it is Albrecht I, who reigned from 1353 to 1404, this would signify that Ringeck was likely a direct associate or student of the grand master Johannes Liechtenauer. However, it may just as easily have been Albrecht III, who carried the title from 1438 to 1460, making Ringeck potentially a second-generation master carrying on the tradition.[2] Albrecht IV claimed the title in 1460 and thus also could have been Ringeck's patron; this seems somewhat less likely in light of Ringeck's apparent death within that same decade, meaning the master would have had to have penned his treatise in the final few years of his life. In its favor, however, is the fact that Albrecht IV lived until 1508 and so both the Dresden and Glasgow versions of the text were likely created during his reign.

Ringeck is often erroneously credited as the author of the MS Dresden C487. While Ringeck seems to be the author of one of the core texts, complete glosses of Liechtenauer's record on longsword fencing and armored fencing as well as a partial gloss of the mounted fencing, the manuscript is an anthology of treatises by several different masters including Andre Liegniczer and Ott Jud, and it is currently thought to have been composed in the early 16th century[3] (well after the master's lifetime). Regardless, the fact that he authored one of the few complete glosses of Liechtenauer's text makes Ringeck one of the most important masters of the 15th century.

While it was not duplicated nearly as often as the more famous gloss of Pseudo-Peter von Danzig, Ringeck's work nevertheless seems to have had a lasting influence. Not only was it reproduced by Joachim Meÿer in his final manuscript (left unifinished at his death in 1571), but in 1539 Hans Medel von Salzburg took it upon himself to create an update and revision of Ringeck's Bloßfechten gloss, integrating his own commentary in many places.

Treatise

Additional Resources

  • Lindholm, David and Svard, Peter. Sigmund Ringeck's Knightly Art of the Longsword. Boulder, CO: Paladin Press, 2003. ISBN 978-1-58160-410-8
  • Lindholm, David and Svard, Peter. Sigmund Ringeck's Knightly Arts of Combat: Sword-and-Buckler Fighting, Wrestling, and Fighting in Armor. Boulder, CO: Paladin Press, 2006. ISBN 978-1-58160-499-3
  • Tobler, Christian Henry. Secrets of German Medieval Swordsmanship. Highland Village, TX: Chivalry Bookshelf, 2001. ISBN 1-891448-07-2
  • Żabiński, Grzegorz. The Longsword Teachings of Master Liechtenauer. The Early Sixteenth Century Swordsmanship Comments in the "Goliath" Manuscript. Poland: Adam Marshall, 2010. ISBN 978-83-7611-662-4

References

  1. Paulus Kal. Untitled [manuscript]. Cgm 1507. Munich, Germany: Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, 1470.
  2. Christian Henry Tobler. "Chicken and Eggs: Which Master Came First?" In Saint George's Name: An Anthology of Medieval German Fighting Arts. Wheaton, IL: Freelance Academy Press, 2010.
  3. Werner J. Hoffmann. "Dresden, Landesbibl., Mscr. C 487". Handschriftencensus. Eine Bestandsaufnahme der handschriftlichen Überlieferung deutschsprachiger Texte des Mittelalters. August, 2010. Retrieved 5 July 2012.
  4. Corrected from »am«.