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<p>In which lies recorded the knightly art of the longsword, composed and formed by Johannes Liechtenauer, who was a great master in the art, may God be merciful to him. He wrote the markverses with deep and hidden words, so that the art would not be widely known. And these deep and hidden words have been by Master Sigmund ain Ringeck, fencing master to the highborn prince and noble Lord Albrecht, Count Palatine of Rhine and Duke of Bavaria, recorded and explained in this little book which now follows, so that every fighter who otherwise can fight, shall be able to take these and understand them.</p>
 
<p>In which lies recorded the knightly art of the longsword, composed and formed by Johannes Liechtenauer, who was a great master in the art, may God be merciful to him. He wrote the markverses with deep and hidden words, so that the art would not be widely known. And these deep and hidden words have been by Master Sigmund ain Ringeck, fencing master to the highborn prince and noble Lord Albrecht, Count Palatine of Rhine and Duke of Bavaria, recorded and explained in this little book which now follows, so that every fighter who otherwise can fight, shall be able to take these and understand them.</p>
 
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<p>{{red|Glosa}} This is the longsword's first lesson; that you shall learn to cut properly from both sides, so that you can fight strongly and correctly. When you want to cut from the right side, stand with your left foot forwards; and when you want to cut from the left side, stand with your right foot forwards. If you cut with an Oberhau from the right side, follow after the cut with your right foot. If you do not do this then the cut is poor and insincere, because your right side lingers behind. Then the cut becomes too short and cannot follow the correct arc down towards the other side, in front of the left foot.</p>
 
<p>{{red|Glosa}} This is the longsword's first lesson; that you shall learn to cut properly from both sides, so that you can fight strongly and correctly. When you want to cut from the right side, stand with your left foot forwards; and when you want to cut from the left side, stand with your right foot forwards. If you cut with an Oberhau from the right side, follow after the cut with your right foot. If you do not do this then the cut is poor and insincere, because your right side lingers behind. Then the cut becomes too short and cannot follow the correct arc down towards the other side, in front of the left foot.</p>
 
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| <p>Similarly the cut is incorrect if you strike from the left side and do not follow after the cut with the left foot. So mark well, from which side you strike, that the foot follows after the cut. In this manner you can perform all of your techniques correctly and with strength. And in the same way should all the other cuts be performed.</p>
 
| <p>Similarly the cut is incorrect if you strike from the left side and do not follow after the cut with the left foot. So mark well, from which side you strike, that the foot follows after the cut. In this manner you can perform all of your techniques correctly and with strength. And in the same way should all the other cuts be performed.</p>
 
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<p>{{red|Glosa}} When you come against him in Zufechten you shall not await his attack, and neither shall you wait to see what he is thinking about doing to you. All fencers who are hesitant and wait for the incoming attack, and do nothing other than to ward it away, they gain very little joy from this sort of practice because they are often beaten.</p>
 
<p>{{red|Glosa}} When you come against him in Zufechten you shall not await his attack, and neither shall you wait to see what he is thinking about doing to you. All fencers who are hesitant and wait for the incoming attack, and do nothing other than to ward it away, they gain very little joy from this sort of practice because they are often beaten.</p>
 
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| <p>Always fight with the strength of the whole body! Cut close into him, to the head and to the body, so he cannot change-through in front of your point. And when the cut ends up in the bind you shall not hesitate but shall quickly and fluently make attacks against the nearest opening, using the five strikes and other techniques that will be described later.</p>
 
| <p>Always fight with the strength of the whole body! Cut close into him, to the head and to the body, so he cannot change-through in front of your point. And when the cut ends up in the bind you shall not hesitate but shall quickly and fluently make attacks against the nearest opening, using the five strikes and other techniques that will be described later.</p>
 
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<p>{{red|Glosa}} Mark well that more than anything else you must understand "Before" and "After", because these two concepts are the grounding from which all fencing comes.</p>
 
<p>{{red|Glosa}} Mark well that more than anything else you must understand "Before" and "After", because these two concepts are the grounding from which all fencing comes.</p>
 
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<p>Mark also: "Before" means that you shall always perform a strike or thrust against his openings, before he does the same to you. Then he must defend against you! And work deftly both in the defence and in moving your sword from one opening to another, so he cannot have the chance to perform his own techniques between yours. But if he rushes in close to you, deal with him through wrestling.</p>
 
<p>Mark also: "Before" means that you shall always perform a strike or thrust against his openings, before he does the same to you. Then he must defend against you! And work deftly both in the defence and in moving your sword from one opening to another, so he cannot have the chance to perform his own techniques between yours. But if he rushes in close to you, deal with him through wrestling.</p>
 
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<p>Mark, that if you cannot come in the "Before", wait for the "After". This will defeat all techniques that he does against you. When he comes at you so that you must defend yourself against him, so work deftly "in the Instant" with your defence against his nearest opening, so strike him before he can finish his technique. Thus you win the "Before" and he is left in the "After". You shall also know how you can use "the Instant" against his "weak" and "strong" parts of the sword.</p>
 
<p>Mark, that if you cannot come in the "Before", wait for the "After". This will defeat all techniques that he does against you. When he comes at you so that you must defend yourself against him, so work deftly "in the Instant" with your defence against his nearest opening, so strike him before he can finish his technique. Thus you win the "Before" and he is left in the "After". You shall also know how you can use "the Instant" against his "weak" and "strong" parts of the sword.</p>
 
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<p>From the hilt of the sword to the blade's centre the sword is "strong", and with this you can meet against his blade when you bind against it. And further, from the middle to the point the sword is "weak", which should not be brought against his blade. And when you really understand these things you can work skillfully and defend yourself well, and later teach princes and lords, so that they with these same skills can protect themselves well in play and earnest. But if you become frightened easily you should not learn fighting arts, because a weak and frightened heart—it does not help you—it defeats all of your skills.</p>
 
<p>From the hilt of the sword to the blade's centre the sword is "strong", and with this you can meet against his blade when you bind against it. And further, from the middle to the point the sword is "weak", which should not be brought against his blade. And when you really understand these things you can work skillfully and defend yourself well, and later teach princes and lords, so that they with these same skills can protect themselves well in play and earnest. But if you become frightened easily you should not learn fighting arts, because a weak and frightened heart—it does not help you—it defeats all of your skills.</p>
 
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<p>{{red|Glosa}} Mark well, the teaching verses present five secret cuts, which many swordmasters do not know to speak about. You will learn not to strike any other cuts when you come from the right side against one who stands against you in defence. And try if you can to hit an opponent with the first strike using one of these five cuts. The one who can counter with these against an opponent without being hurt will be praised by the master of the markverses, and his skill shall reward him more than another fencer who cannot fence with the five cuts. And how you shall throw the five cuts you will find hereafter recorded in the verses that talk about these same five cuts.</p>
 
<p>{{red|Glosa}} Mark well, the teaching verses present five secret cuts, which many swordmasters do not know to speak about. You will learn not to strike any other cuts when you come from the right side against one who stands against you in defence. And try if you can to hit an opponent with the first strike using one of these five cuts. The one who can counter with these against an opponent without being hurt will be praised by the master of the markverses, and his skill shall reward him more than another fencer who cannot fence with the five cuts. And how you shall throw the five cuts you will find hereafter recorded in the verses that talk about these same five cuts.</p>
 
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<p>{{red|Glosa}} Here are listed the correct and most important techniques in fighting with the longsword, they are named specifically so that you may understand them better. They are seventeen in number and begin with the five cuts. </p>
 
<p>{{red|Glosa}} Here are listed the correct and most important techniques in fighting with the longsword, they are named specifically so that you may understand them better. They are seventeen in number and begin with the five cuts. </p>
 
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the seventeenth: this is the windings.</poem>
 
the seventeenth: this is the windings.</poem>
 
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<p>{{red|Glosa}} When someone cuts against you from above from their right side, so cut with a strong Zornhau (wrath strike) with the long edge from your right shoulder. If he is weak in the bind, thrust in with the point along his blade to his face, and threaten to stab him.</p>
 
<p>{{red|Glosa}} When someone cuts against you from above from their right side, so cut with a strong Zornhau (wrath strike) with the long edge from your right shoulder. If he is weak in the bind, thrust in with the point along his blade to his face, and threaten to stab him.</p>
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<p>{{red|Glosa}} When you thrust after a Zornhau and he becomes aware of the point and strongly defends against the thrust, twitch your sword up, over and away from his sword and cut him on the other side of his sword up into his head.</p>
 
<p>{{red|Glosa}} When you thrust after a Zornhau and he becomes aware of the point and strongly defends against the thrust, twitch your sword up, over and away from his sword and cut him on the other side of his sword up into his head.</p>
 
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<p>{{red|Glosa}} When you cut in against him with a Zornhau and he defends himself and holds backs, strong against you in the bind, so become strong again against him in the bind and push up with the "strong" of the sword against the "weak" of his sword, and wind your hilt high in front of your head, and thrust down from above into his face.</p>
 
<p>{{red|Glosa}} When you cut in against him with a Zornhau and he defends himself and holds backs, strong against you in the bind, so become strong again against him in the bind and push up with the "strong" of the sword against the "weak" of his sword, and wind your hilt high in front of your head, and thrust down from above into his face.</p>
 
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<p>When you use the winding against him and thrust down from above—as mentioned already—and he pushes up high with the hands and uses the hilt to defend against your upper thrust, so stand in the winding and thrust your point downwards between his arms and chest.</p>
 
<p>When you use the winding against him and thrust down from above—as mentioned already—and he pushes up high with the hands and uses the hilt to defend against your upper thrust, so stand in the winding and thrust your point downwards between his arms and chest.</p>
 
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<p>{{red|Glosa}} When one binds against your sword with a cut or thrust or anything else, you must find out whether he is soft or hard in the bind. And when you find this, you will "Instantly" know what is best to do, to attack him with "Before" or "After". But in the attack you shall not be too hasty to go into close combat, because close combat is nothing other than the windings in the bind.</p>
 
<p>{{red|Glosa}} When one binds against your sword with a cut or thrust or anything else, you must find out whether he is soft or hard in the bind. And when you find this, you will "Instantly" know what is best to do, to attack him with "Before" or "After". But in the attack you shall not be too hasty to go into close combat, because close combat is nothing other than the windings in the bind.</p>
 
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| <p>Perform close combat like this: when you cut against him with a Zornhau, when he defends himself quickly, you shall go up in an orderly fashion with the arms and wind against his sword with your point in against the upper opening. If he defends against this thrust, stand in the winding and thrust with the point into the lower openings. If he follows further after the sword in self defence, go under his sword with the point through to the other side and hang your point over in against the other opening on his right side. In this way he will be cut down in close combat both above and below, because you (unlike he) can perform the movements correctly.</p>
 
| <p>Perform close combat like this: when you cut against him with a Zornhau, when he defends himself quickly, you shall go up in an orderly fashion with the arms and wind against his sword with your point in against the upper opening. If he defends against this thrust, stand in the winding and thrust with the point into the lower openings. If he follows further after the sword in self defence, go under his sword with the point through to the other side and hang your point over in against the other opening on his right side. In this way he will be cut down in close combat both above and below, because you (unlike he) can perform the movements correctly.</p>
 
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<section end="Zornhaw"/>
 
<section end="Zornhaw"/>
 
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<p>{{red|Glosa}} That is to say that you should in all windings find the correct cut, thrust or slice in this manner: when you wind, you shall become immediately aware of which the three will work best for you to use. This is so that you do not cut when you should thrust, and that you do not slice when you should cut, and so that you do not thrust when you should slice. And mark: when your opponent defends against the one, you should strike with the other. Also: if one defends against your thrust then use the cut. If he rushes in towards you, use the lower slice against his arm. Remember this in all fights and binds with the sword, if you want to defeat the masters who set themselves against you.</p>
 
<p>{{red|Glosa}} That is to say that you should in all windings find the correct cut, thrust or slice in this manner: when you wind, you shall become immediately aware of which the three will work best for you to use. This is so that you do not cut when you should thrust, and that you do not slice when you should cut, and so that you do not thrust when you should slice. And mark: when your opponent defends against the one, you should strike with the other. Also: if one defends against your thrust then use the cut. If he rushes in towards you, use the lower slice against his arm. Remember this in all fights and binds with the sword, if you want to defeat the masters who set themselves against you.</p>
 
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{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 022r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 022v.png|1|lbl=022v|p=1}}
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{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 022r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 022v.png|1|lbl=22v|p=1}}
 
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| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 009r.png|2|lbl=-}}<!--
 
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 009r.png|2|lbl=-}}<!--
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<p>{{red|Glosa}} Here you will learn about people's four openings, against which you will always fence. The first opening is on the right sight, the second on the left side, above the man's belt. The other two are likewise on the right and left sides under the belt. Always pay attention to the openings in Zufechten. His openings you shall skillfully seek without danger: with thrusts with the the outstretched point, with travelling after and with all other techniques. And do not pay heed to what he tries to do with his techniques against you, but fence with belief and throw strikes that are excellent and that do not allow him to come at you with his own techniques.</p>
 
<p>{{red|Glosa}} Here you will learn about people's four openings, against which you will always fence. The first opening is on the right sight, the second on the left side, above the man's belt. The other two are likewise on the right and left sides under the belt. Always pay attention to the openings in Zufechten. His openings you shall skillfully seek without danger: with thrusts with the the outstretched point, with travelling after and with all other techniques. And do not pay heed to what he tries to do with his techniques against you, but fence with belief and throw strikes that are excellent and that do not allow him to come at you with his own techniques.</p>
 
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{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 022v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 023r.png|1|lbl=023r|p=1}}
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{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 022v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 023r.png|1|lbl=23r|p=1}}
 
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{{section|Page:MS Var.82 009r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 009v.png|1|lbl=009v|p=1}}
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{{section|Page:MS Var.82 009r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 009v.png|1|lbl=09v|p=1}}
  
 
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<p>{{red|Glosa}} When you would like to skillfully break up the four openings for him, use the doubling against the upper openings and the mutating against the other openings. Certainly I say to you that he cannot defend himself against this, and can succeed with neither cut nor thrust.</p>
 
<p>{{red|Glosa}} When you would like to skillfully break up the four openings for him, use the doubling against the upper openings and the mutating against the other openings. Certainly I say to you that he cannot defend himself against this, and can succeed with neither cut nor thrust.</p>
 
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{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 023v.png|1|lbl=023v|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 024r.png|1|lbl=024r|p=1}}
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{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 023v.png|1|lbl=23v|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 024r.png|1|lbl=24r|p=1}}
 
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| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 009v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 009v.png|2|lbl=-}}
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| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 024r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 024r.png|3|lbl=-}}
  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 024v.png|1|lbl=024v}}
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{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 024v.png|1|lbl=24v}}
 
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| <!--
 
| <!--
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<p>{{red|Glosa}} This is how you shall strike the Krumphau against the hands. When he cuts from his right side against an opening with an Oberhau or Underhau, take a spring away from the strike with your right foot, far out to his left side; and cut with crossed arms with the point to the hands. And even try this technique against him when he stands against you in the Ox guard.</p>
 
<p>{{red|Glosa}} This is how you shall strike the Krumphau against the hands. When he cuts from his right side against an opening with an Oberhau or Underhau, take a spring away from the strike with your right foot, far out to his left side; and cut with crossed arms with the point to the hands. And even try this technique against him when he stands against you in the Ox guard.</p>
 
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|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 024v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 025r.png|1|lbl=025r|p=1}}
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{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 024v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 025r.png|1|lbl=25r|p=1}}
 
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Line 543: Line 543:
 
<p>{{red|Glosa}} This is how you shall set aside all Oberhau attacks with the Krumphau. When he cuts in from above against your openings from his right side, step with your right foot out to his left side and throw your blade across his sword with the point to the ground in the Barrier guard. Test this on both sides. And from this setting aside you can cut him in the head.</p>
 
<p>{{red|Glosa}} This is how you shall set aside all Oberhau attacks with the Krumphau. When he cuts in from above against your openings from his right side, step with your right foot out to his left side and throw your blade across his sword with the point to the ground in the Barrier guard. Test this on both sides. And from this setting aside you can cut him in the head.</p>
 
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{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 025r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 025v.png|1|lbl=025v|p=1}}
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{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 025r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 025v.png|1|lbl=25v|p=1}}
 
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Line 566: Line 566:
 
<p>{{red|Glosa}} When you cut a Krumphau onto his sword, so cut immediately back up from the sword with the short edge, in and down from above onto his head. Or wind the Krumphau with the short edge against his sword and thrust into his breast.</p>
 
<p>{{red|Glosa}} When you cut a Krumphau onto his sword, so cut immediately back up from the sword with the short edge, in and down from above onto his head. Or wind the Krumphau with the short edge against his sword and thrust into his breast.</p>
 
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{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 025v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 026r.png|1|lbl=026r|p=1}}
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{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 025v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 026r.png|1|lbl=26r|p=1}}
 
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Line 583: Line 583:
 
<p>&ensp;<br/>&ensp;</p>
 
<p>&ensp;<br/>&ensp;</p>
  
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 010r.png|1|lbl=010r}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 010r.png|1|lbl=10r}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
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| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 026r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 026r.png|3|lbl=-}}
  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 026v.png|1|lbl=026v}}
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{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 026v.png|1|lbl=26v}}
 
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<p>When you cut in against him from above from your right side and he also cuts crookedly from his right side with crossed arms onto your sword and thus presses it down towards the ground, wind towards your right side; go with your arms up over your head. And thrust with your point from above against his breast.</p>
 
<p>When you cut in against him from above from your right side and he also cuts crookedly from his right side with crossed arms onto your sword and thus presses it down towards the ground, wind towards your right side; go with your arms up over your head. And thrust with your point from above against his breast.</p>
 
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|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 026v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 027r.png|1|lbl=027r|p=1}}
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{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 026v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 027r.png|1|lbl=27r|p=1}}
 
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| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 010r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 010r.png|2|lbl=-}}
Line 623: Line 623:
 
<p>{{red|Glosa}} The Zwerchau counters all strikes that cut down from above. When he cuts in from above against your head, spring with the right foot against him away from the cut, out to his left side. And as you spring turn your sword—with the hilt high in front of your head, so that your thumb comes under—and cut him with the short edge against his left side. So you catch his strike with your hilt and strike him in the head.</p>
 
<p>{{red|Glosa}} The Zwerchau counters all strikes that cut down from above. When he cuts in from above against your head, spring with the right foot against him away from the cut, out to his left side. And as you spring turn your sword—with the hilt high in front of your head, so that your thumb comes under—and cut him with the short edge against his left side. So you catch his strike with your hilt and strike him in the head.</p>
 
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|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 027r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 027v.png|1|lbl=027v|p=1}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 027r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 027v.png|1|lbl=27v|p=1}}
 
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|  
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 010r.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 010v.png|1|lbl=010v|p=1}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 010r.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 010v.png|1|lbl=10v|p=1}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 636: Line 636:
 
<p>{{red|Glosa}} This is how you shall work with the "strong" from the Zwerchau. When you cut against him with the Zwerchau, think that you shall strike powerfully with the sword's "strong" against his. Hold him thus strongly in the bind then cut with crossed arms behind his sword blade, from above against the head, or cut him with the sword to the face.</p>
 
<p>{{red|Glosa}} This is how you shall work with the "strong" from the Zwerchau. When you cut against him with the Zwerchau, think that you shall strike powerfully with the sword's "strong" against his. Hold him thus strongly in the bind then cut with crossed arms behind his sword blade, from above against the head, or cut him with the sword to the face.</p>
 
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|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 027v.png|2|lbl=027v|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 028r.png|1|lbl=028r|p=1}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 027v.png|2|lbl=27v|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 028r.png|1|lbl=28r|p=1}}
 
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| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 010v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 010v.png|2|lbl=-}}
Line 648: Line 648:
 
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|  
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 010v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 011r.png|1|lbl=011r|p=1}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 010v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 011r.png|1|lbl=11r|p=1}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
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| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 028r.png|4|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 028r.png|4|lbl=-}}
  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 028v.png|1|lbl=028v}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 028v.png|1|lbl=28v}}
 
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|  
Line 700: Line 700:
 
<p>{{red|Glosa}} This is how you shall strike against the four openings with the Zwerchau when you go against someone. When you come against him in Zufechten; when it becomes suitable for you, spring against him and cut with the Zwerchau against the lower opening on his left side. This is called "to strike against the plough".</p>
 
<p>{{red|Glosa}} This is how you shall strike against the four openings with the Zwerchau when you go against someone. When you come against him in Zufechten; when it becomes suitable for you, spring against him and cut with the Zwerchau against the lower opening on his left side. This is called "to strike against the plough".</p>
 
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|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 028v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 029r.png|1|lbl=029r|p=1}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 028v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 029r.png|1|lbl=29r|p=1}}
 
| '''[2r] <span style="color:#A40000">Das ist der text vnd die glõß wie man mit der twer zu den vier plõssn schlachen sol /</span>'''
 
| '''[2r] <span style="color:#A40000">Das ist der text vnd die glõß wie man mit der twer zu den vier plõssn schlachen sol /</span>'''
 
Twer zu dem pflueg /<br/>
 
Twer zu dem pflueg /<br/>
Line 728: Line 728:
 
| <p>&nbsp;</p>
 
| <p>&nbsp;</p>
  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 029v.png|1|lbl=029v}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 029v.png|1|lbl=29v}}
 
| '''[3r] <span style="color:#A40000">Das ist der text vnd ein ler dau~on</span>'''
 
| '''[3r] <span style="color:#A40000">Das ist der text vnd ein ler dau~on</span>'''
 
Was sich wol twer /<br/>
 
Was sich wol twer /<br/>
Line 744: Line 744:
 
<p>{{red|Glosa}} With the feint all fencers who quickly leap to the defence are mislead and defeated. When you come against him in Zufechten, pretend that you want to cut him with perhaps an Oberhau to his left side. In this manner you can strike him underneath however you want and defeat him.</p>
 
<p>{{red|Glosa}} With the feint all fencers who quickly leap to the defence are mislead and defeated. When you come against him in Zufechten, pretend that you want to cut him with perhaps an Oberhau to his left side. In this manner you can strike him underneath however you want and defeat him.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 029v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 030r.png|1|lbl=030r|p=1}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 029v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 030r.png|1|lbl=30r|p=1}}
 
| '''[3v] <span style="color:#A40000">Das ist der text vnd die gloß aber ains stucks auß dem twerhaw vnd haist der feler /</span>
 
| '''[3v] <span style="color:#A40000">Das ist der text vnd die gloß aber ains stucks auß dem twerhaw vnd haist der feler /</span>
 
Feler wer wol fu~ret /<br/>
 
Feler wer wol fu~ret /<br/>
Line 751: Line 751:
 
<span style="color:#A40000">Glosa</span> Merck mit dem feler werñ alle vechter die da geren versetzn verfu~rt vnd geschlagen / das stuck treib also / wen du mit<sup> dem </sup>zu vechtn zu im kumbst / So thue als du mit eine~ freien twerhaw zu seiner lincken seittñ zu dem kopf wellest schlagen vnd verzugk mit dem haw dein schwert vnd schlag im mit der twer zu der vndterñ plõs / seiner rechtñ seittñ / als am nachstñ da hernach gemalt stet / So ist er vndten nach wunsch geru~rt vnd geschlagen /
 
<span style="color:#A40000">Glosa</span> Merck mit dem feler werñ alle vechter die da geren versetzn verfu~rt vnd geschlagen / das stuck treib also / wen du mit<sup> dem </sup>zu vechtn zu im kumbst / So thue als du mit eine~ freien twerhaw zu seiner lincken seittñ zu dem kopf wellest schlagen vnd verzugk mit dem haw dein schwert vnd schlag im mit der twer zu der vndterñ plõs / seiner rechtñ seittñ / als am nachstñ da hernach gemalt stet / So ist er vndten nach wunsch geru~rt vnd geschlagen /
 
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|  
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 011r.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 011v.png|1|lbl=011v|p=1}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 011r.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 011v.png|1|lbl=11v|p=1}}
  
 
|-  
 
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Line 777: Line 777:
  
 
<p>{{red|Glosa}} This is called the double feint, because in the Zufechten you shall be misleading two times. Do the first like this: when you come against him in Zufechten, take a spring with the foot against him and pretend that you will cut with a Zwerchau against the left side of his head. And change the direction of the cut, to the right side of his head.</p>
 
<p>{{red|Glosa}} This is called the double feint, because in the Zufechten you shall be misleading two times. Do the first like this: when you come against him in Zufechten, take a spring with the foot against him and pretend that you will cut with a Zwerchau against the left side of his head. And change the direction of the cut, to the right side of his head.</p>
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 030v.png|1|lbl=030v}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 030v.png|1|lbl=30v}}
 
| '''[4v] <span style="color:#A40000">Das ist der text vnd die glos aber von ainem feler</span>'''
 
| '''[4v] <span style="color:#A40000">Das ist der text vnd die glos aber von ainem feler</span>'''
 
Veler zwifach /<br/>
 
Veler zwifach /<br/>
Line 793: Line 793:
 
<p>{{red|Glosa}} That is to say, when you have struck to the right side of his head with the  first misleading—about which has just been written—so strike immediately round to the other side of the head, and go with the short edge with outstretched crossed arms over his sword: and "Imlincke", that is to say on the left side, and cut in with the long edge over the face.</p>
 
<p>{{red|Glosa}} That is to say, when you have struck to the right side of his head with the  first misleading—about which has just been written—so strike immediately round to the other side of the head, and go with the short edge with outstretched crossed arms over his sword: and "Imlincke", that is to say on the left side, and cut in with the long edge over the face.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 030v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 031r.png|1|lbl=031r|p=1}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 030v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 031r.png|1|lbl=31r|p=1}}
 
| '''[5r] <span style="color:#A40000">Das ist der text vnd glos aber ains stucks aus dem feler</span>'''
 
| '''[5r] <span style="color:#A40000">Das ist der text vnd glos aber ains stucks aus dem feler</span>'''
 
Zwifach es fu~rbaß /<br/>
 
Zwifach es fu~rbaß /<br/>
Line 809: Line 809:
 
<p>{{red|Glosa}} The Schielhau is a strike which counters cuts and thrusts from the buffalos—those who take their mastery through violent strength. Do the strike like this: when he cuts in against you from his right side, you should also cut from your right side with the short edge with the arms outstretched against his cut, against the "weak" of his sword and cut him on his right shoulder. If he changes through, shoot in with the cut, long edge against the breast. And you can also strike this, when he stands against you in the Plough guard [Pflug] or when he wants to thrust into you from below.</p>
 
<p>{{red|Glosa}} The Schielhau is a strike which counters cuts and thrusts from the buffalos—those who take their mastery through violent strength. Do the strike like this: when he cuts in against you from his right side, you should also cut from your right side with the short edge with the arms outstretched against his cut, against the "weak" of his sword and cut him on his right shoulder. If he changes through, shoot in with the cut, long edge against the breast. And you can also strike this, when he stands against you in the Plough guard [Pflug] or when he wants to thrust into you from below.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 031r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 031v.png|1|lbl=031v|p=1}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 031r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 031v.png|1|lbl=31v|p=1}}
 
| '''[5v] <span style="color:#A40000">Das ist der text vnd die glõs von dem Schilhaw vnd von den stucken die man darauß treiben sol /</span>'''
 
| '''[5v] <span style="color:#A40000">Das ist der text vnd die glõs von dem Schilhaw vnd von den stucken die man darauß treiben sol /</span>'''
 
Schiler ein pricht<br/>
 
Schiler ein pricht<br/>
Line 827: Line 827:
 
<p>{{red|Glosa}} This is a lesson: you shall search with the look and notice carefully, if he fights close to you. This you shall mark when he cuts against you and his arm does not stretch out in the cut, so you will strike too. And in the strike go with the point under his blade to the other side, and thrust in against the face.</p>
 
<p>{{red|Glosa}} This is a lesson: you shall search with the look and notice carefully, if he fights close to you. This you shall mark when he cuts against you and his arm does not stretch out in the cut, so you will strike too. And in the strike go with the point under his blade to the other side, and thrust in against the face.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 031v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 032r.png|1|lbl=032r|p=1}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 031v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 032r.png|1|lbl=32r|p=1}}
 
| '''[6r] <span style="color:#A40000">Das ist der text vnd die glos aber ains stucks aus dem schiler /</span>'''
 
| '''[6r] <span style="color:#A40000">Das ist der text vnd die glos aber ains stucks aus dem schiler /</span>'''
 
Schil kurtzt er dich an /<br/>
 
Schil kurtzt er dich an /<br/>
Line 855: Line 855:
 
<span style="color:#A40000">Glosa /</span> Merck der schiler pricht den langen ort vnd den treib also / wen er gegen dir stett vnd helt dir den ort aus gerackten arme~ gegen dem gesicht oder prust / So ste mit dem lincken fu~es vor vnd schil mit dem gesicht zu dem ort / vnd thue als du~ Im darzu hawen welst / vnd haw starck mit der kurtzn schneid auff sein schwert vnd schews im den ort da mit lanck ein zu dem <del>lanck</del> hals / mit aine~ zu tritt des rechten fu~eß / als am nãchstñ da hernach gemalt stet
 
<span style="color:#A40000">Glosa /</span> Merck der schiler pricht den langen ort vnd den treib also / wen er gegen dir stett vnd helt dir den ort aus gerackten arme~ gegen dem gesicht oder prust / So ste mit dem lincken fu~es vor vnd schil mit dem gesicht zu dem ort / vnd thue als du~ Im darzu hawen welst / vnd haw starck mit der kurtzn schneid auff sein schwert vnd schews im den ort da mit lanck ein zu dem <del>lanck</del> hals / mit aine~ zu tritt des rechten fu~eß / als am nãchstñ da hernach gemalt stet
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 011v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 012r.png|1|lbl=012r|p=1}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 011v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 012r.png|1|lbl=12r|p=1}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 864: Line 864:
  
 
<p>{{red|Glosa}} When he wants to cut in against you from above, so search with the gaze as if you want to hit him above the head. And strike with the short edge against his cut, and strike along his blade with the point onto the hands.</p>
 
<p>{{red|Glosa}} When he wants to cut in against you from above, so search with the gaze as if you want to hit him above the head. And strike with the short edge against his cut, and strike along his blade with the point onto the hands.</p>
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 032v.png|1|lbl=032v}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 032v.png|1|lbl=32v}}
 
| '''[7r] <span style="color:#A40000">Das ist der text vnd die glos aber ains stucks aus dem schiler /</span>'''
 
| '''[7r] <span style="color:#A40000">Das ist der text vnd die glos aber ains stucks aus dem schiler /</span>'''
 
Schil zu dem obern /<br/>
 
Schil zu dem obern /<br/>
Line 880: Line 880:
 
<p>The parter is dangerous for the face and the breast. When he stands against you in the fool's guard [Alber], cut with the long edge from the "long parting" from above and down; and keep the arms high in the cut, and hang with the point in against the face.</p>
 
<p>The parter is dangerous for the face and the breast. When he stands against you in the fool's guard [Alber], cut with the long edge from the "long parting" from above and down; and keep the arms high in the cut, and hang with the point in against the face.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 032v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 033r.png|1|lbl=033r|p=1}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 032v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 033r.png|1|lbl=33r|p=1}}
 
| '''[7v] <span style="color:#A40000">Das ist der text vnd die glos von dem schaittler / vnd von den stucken daraus</span>'''
 
| '''[7v] <span style="color:#A40000">Das ist der text vnd die glos von dem schaittler / vnd von den stucken daraus</span>'''
 
Der schaittler /<br/>
 
Der schaittler /<br/>
Line 911: Line 911:
 
<p>{{red|Glosa}} When you cut in against him from above with the Scheitelhau, if he defends himself with the hilt over his head: this defence is called the Crown. And with that he can rush in close to you.</p>
 
<p>{{red|Glosa}} When you cut in against him from above with the Scheitelhau, if he defends himself with the hilt over his head: this defence is called the Crown. And with that he can rush in close to you.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 033r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 033v.png|1|lbl=033v|p=1}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 033r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 033v.png|1|lbl=33v|p=1}}
 
| '''[8v] <span style="color:#A40000">Ain ander Stück</span>'''
 
| '''[8v] <span style="color:#A40000">Ain ander Stück</span>'''
 
| rowspan="2" |  
 
| rowspan="2" |  
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 012r.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 012v.png|1|lbl=012v|p=1}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 012r.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 012v.png|1|lbl=12v|p=1}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 940: Line 940:
 
<p>{{red|Glosa}} This means that you shall not assume any other guards other than these four that are now to be described.</p>
 
<p>{{red|Glosa}} This means that you shall not assume any other guards other than these four that are now to be described.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 033v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}}<br/>{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 034r.png|1|lbl=034r|p=1}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 033v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}}<br/>{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 034r.png|1|lbl=34r|p=1}}
 
| '''[9v] <span style="color:#A40000">Daz ist der text vnd die glos von den vier legerñ /</span>'''
 
| '''[9v] <span style="color:#A40000">Daz ist der text vnd die glos von den vier legerñ /</span>'''
 
Vier leger allein /<br/>
 
Vier leger allein /<br/>
Line 975: Line 975:
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 034r.png|4|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 034r.png|4|lbl=-}}
  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 034v.png|1|lbl=034v}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 034v.png|1|lbl=34v}}
 
| '''[10r]''' <span style="color:#A40000">Item /</span> dye dritt hutt
 
| '''[10r]''' <span style="color:#A40000">Item /</span> dye dritt hutt
 
haist der Alber / da schick dich also mit sten / mit dem rechten fues vo<sup>r</sup> / vnd halt dein schwert mit ausgerachkten armen vor dir mit dem ort auff der erden / als am nãchstñ hernach gemalt stett /
 
haist der Alber / da schick dich also mit sten / mit dem rechten fues vo<sup>r</sup> / vnd halt dein schwert mit ausgerachkten armen vor dir mit dem ort auff der erden / als am nãchstñ hernach gemalt stett /
Line 997: Line 997:
 
<p>{{red|Glosa}} You have earlier heard that you shall only fight from the four guards. So you shall now also know the four displacements. These are four strikes.</p>
 
<p>{{red|Glosa}} You have earlier heard that you shall only fight from the four guards. So you shall now also know the four displacements. These are four strikes.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 034v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 035r.png|1|lbl=035r|p=1}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 034v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 035r.png|1|lbl=35r|p=1}}
 
| '''[10v] <span style="color:#A40000">Daz ist der text vnd die glos von den vier versetzñ / die die vier leger prechen /</span>'''
 
| '''[10v] <span style="color:#A40000">Daz ist der text vnd die glos von den vier versetzñ / die die vier leger prechen /</span>'''
 
Vier sind versetzen /<br/>
 
Vier sind versetzen /<br/>
Line 1,049: Line 1,049:
  
 
<p>{{red|Glosa}} If it has happened that you have been displaced, {{red|mark this well:}} if one of your Oberhau attacks becomes displaced, so go into the displacement with the pommel over his forward hand and tear downwards with that; and cut in the tearing in with the sword from above against the head.</p>
 
<p>{{red|Glosa}} If it has happened that you have been displaced, {{red|mark this well:}} if one of your Oberhau attacks becomes displaced, so go into the displacement with the pommel over his forward hand and tear downwards with that; and cut in the tearing in with the sword from above against the head.</p>
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 035v.png|1|lbl=035v}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 035v.png|1|lbl=35v}}
 
| '''[11r] <span style="color:#A40000">Daz ist der text vnd die glos ains stucks wider die versatzung</span>'''
 
| '''[11r] <span style="color:#A40000">Daz ist der text vnd die glos ains stucks wider die versatzung</span>'''
 
Ob dir versetzet ist /<br/>
 
Ob dir versetzet ist /<br/>
Line 1,061: Line 1,061:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 011v.jpg|200px|center]]
 
| [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 011v.jpg|200px|center]]
| '''[62] <span style="color:#A40000">A technique against the displacements.</span>'''
+
| <p>[62] {{red|b=1|A technique against the displacements.}}</p>
When you strike an Underhau from the right side, if he drops with his sword on top of yours do that you cannot come up with it, so go swiftly with the pommel over his sword and cut with powerful movement with the long edge against the head. Or if he drops onto your sword towards your left side, so cut him with the short edge.
+
 
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">Abe~ ain stuck wider die versäczung</span>'''
+
<p>When you strike an Underhau from the right side, if he drops with his sword on top of yours do that you cannot come up with it, so go swiftly with the pommel over his sword and cut with powerful movement with the long edge against the head. Or if he drops onto your sword towards your left side, so cut him with the short edge.</p>
Merck we~ dü hawest aine~ vnder haw võ der rechte~ sytte~ fellet er dir dan da mit dem schwert vff das dine / das dü do mit nicht vff kome~ magst So far behendlich '''[36r]''' mit dem knopff v~ber sin schwe°t vnd schlag jn mit dem schnappe~ mit der lange~ schnÿde~ zu° dem kopffe Oder velt er dir gen diner lincke~ sytte~ vff das schwert so schlach In mit der ku~rtze~ schnÿde~
+
|
 +
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 035v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 036r.png|1|lbl=36r|p=1}}
 
| '''[11v] <span style="color:#A40000">Aber ain stuck wider die versatzung</span>'''
 
| '''[11v] <span style="color:#A40000">Aber ain stuck wider die versatzung</span>'''
 
Merck / wen<sup> du </sup>hawst ain vndterhaw von der rechten seitten / velt er dir dan mit dem schwert auff das dein / daz du da mit nit auff magst kumen / So far behentlich mit dem knopf vber sein swert / vnd schlag in mit dem schnappen mit der langen schneid zu dem kopf / als am nãchstñ hernach gemalt stet / oder velt er die gegen deiner lincken seitten auff das schwert so schlag in mit der kürtzen schneid /
 
Merck / wen<sup> du </sup>hawst ain vndterhaw von der rechten seitten / velt er dir dan mit dem schwert auff das dein / daz du da mit nit auff magst kumen / So far behentlich mit dem knopf vber sein swert / vnd schlag in mit dem schnappen mit der langen schneid zu dem kopf / als am nãchstñ hernach gemalt stet / oder velt er die gegen deiner lincken seitten auff das schwert so schlag in mit der kürtzen schneid /
Line 1,071: Line 1,072:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 012r.jpg|200px|center]]
 
| [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 012r.jpg|200px|center]]
| '''[63] <span style="color:#A40000">A technique against the displacements.</span>'''
+
| <p>[63] {{red|b=1|A technique against the displacements.}}</p>
<br/>Attack four ends,<br/>
 
therefore stop him, if you want to learn to finish.
 
  
<span style="color:#A40000">Glosa</span> When you strike in against him from above from your right shoulder and want to end him quickly, mark this: when he displaces, immediately strike round with the Zwerchau. And grip your sword with your left hand in the middle of the blade, and thrust with the point into his face. Or attack him against the four openings, whichever you can come at best.
+
<p>Attack four ends,<br/>therefore stop him, if you want to learn to finish.</p>
| '''<span style="color:#A40000">aber ain stuck wide~ die versaczu~g</span>'''
 
<br/>Setz an vier ende~ /<br/>
 
blieb dar vff lere wiltu enden
 
  
<span style="color:#A40000">Glosa</span> We~ dü Im võ dene° rechte~ achselm oben ein ha<sup>u</sup>wst / wilt dü denn bald mit Im ende~ So mo<sup>e</sup>rck we~ er versetzt So schlach bald vmb mit der zwer Vnd begru~ff mit dem schwe<sup>r</sup>t mit der lincke~ hand mite~ In de<sup>r</sup> klinge~ vnd setz Im den ort in das gesycht Ode~ setz Im an / zu° den vier blösse~ zu° <del>weche</del> welcher dü am baste~ kome~ kanst ~
+
<p>{{red|Glosa}} When you strike in against him from above from your right shoulder and want to end him quickly, mark this: when he displaces, immediately strike round with the Zwerchau. And grip your sword with your left hand in the middle of the blade, and thrust with the point into his face. Or attack him against the four openings, whichever you can come at best.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 036r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| '''[12r] <span style="color:#A40000">Das ist der text vnd die glos aber ains stucks wider das versetzen /</span>'''
 
| '''[12r] <span style="color:#A40000">Das ist der text vnd die glos aber ains stucks wider das versetzen /</span>'''
 
Setz an vier eñden /<br/>
 
Setz an vier eñden /<br/>
Line 1,369: Line 1,366:
 
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 012v.png|4|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 012v.png|4|lbl=-}}
  
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 013r.png|1|lbl=013r}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 013r.png|1|lbl=13r}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 1,486: Line 1,483:
 
It~ den schnidt trÿb also Wenn dir aine~ an dz schwert bindt gege~ dine~ lincken sÿtten vnd schlecht vmb vom schwert mitt der zwerche oder sunst dir zuo der rechten sÿtten So spring mitt dem lincken fu°ß vß dem haw° vff sin rechte sÿttenn vñ fall im mitt der langen schniden oben uber baÿde arm Das <del>tr</del> trÿb zu '''[46r]''' baiden sÿttenn ~
 
It~ den schnidt trÿb also Wenn dir aine~ an dz schwert bindt gege~ dine~ lincken sÿtten vnd schlecht vmb vom schwert mitt der zwerche oder sunst dir zuo der rechten sÿtten So spring mitt dem lincken fu°ß vß dem haw° vff sin rechte sÿttenn vñ fall im mitt der langen schniden oben uber baÿde arm Das <del>tr</del> trÿb zu '''[46r]''' baiden sÿttenn ~
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 013v.png|1|lbl=013v}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 013v.png|1|lbl=13v}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  

Revision as of 20:14, 29 March 2015

Sigmund Schining ein Ringeck
Born date of birth unknown
Died before 1470
Occupation Fencing master
Nationality German
Patron Albrecht, Duke of Bavaria
Movement Society of Liechtenauer
Influences Johannes Liechtenauer
Influenced
Genres Fencing manual
Language Early New High German
Archetype(s) Hypothetical
Manuscript(s)
First printed
english edition
Tobler, 2001
Concordance by Michael Chidester
Translations

Sigmund Schining ein Ringeck (Sigmund ain Ringeck, Sigmund Amring, Sigmund Einring, Sigmund Schining) was a 14th or 15th century German fencing master. While the meaning of the surname "Schining" is uncertain, the suffix "ain Ringeck" may indicate that he came from the Rhineland region of south-eastern Germany. He is named in the text as Schirmaister to Albrecht, Count Palatine of Rhine and Duke of Bavaria. Other than this, the only thing that can be determined about his life is that his renown as a master was sufficient for Paulus Kal to include him on his memorial to the deceased masters of the Society of Liechtenauer in 1470.[1]

The identity of Ringeck's patron remains unclear, as four men named Albrecht held the title during the fifteenth century. If it is Albrecht I, who reigned from 1353 to 1404, this would signify that Ringeck was likely a direct associate or student of the grand master Johannes Liechtenauer. However, it may just as easily have been Albrecht III, who carried the title from 1438 to 1460, making Ringeck potentially a second-generation master carrying on the tradition.[2] Albrecht IV claimed the title in 1460 and thus also could have been Ringeck's patron; this seems somewhat less likely in light of Ringeck's apparent death within that same decade, meaning the master would have had to have penned his treatise in the final few years of his life. In its favor, however, is the fact that Albrecht IV lived until 1508 and so both the Dresden and Glasgow versions of the text were likely created during his reign.

Ringeck is often erroneously credited as the author of the MS Dresden C487. While Ringeck seems to be the author of one of the core texts, complete glosses of Liechtenauer's record on longsword fencing and armored fencing as well as a partial gloss of the mounted fencing, the manuscript is an anthology of treatises by several different masters including Andre Liegniczer and Ott Jud, and it is currently thought to have been composed in the early 16th century[3] (well after the master's lifetime). Regardless, the fact that he authored one of the few complete glosses of Liechtenauer's text makes Ringeck one of the most important masters of the 15th century.

While it was not duplicated nearly as often as the more famous gloss of Pseudo-Peter von Danzig, Ringeck's work nevertheless seems to have had a lasting influence. Not only was it reproduced by Joachim Meÿer in his final manuscript (left unifinished at his death in 1571), but in 1539 Hans Medel von Salzburg took it upon himself to create an update and revision of Ringeck's Bloßfechten gloss, integrating his own commentary in many places.

Treatise

Additional Resources

  • Lindholm, David and Svard, Peter. Sigmund Ringeck's Knightly Art of the Longsword. Boulder, CO: Paladin Press, 2003. ISBN 978-1-58160-410-8
  • Lindholm, David and Svard, Peter. Sigmund Ringeck's Knightly Arts of Combat: Sword-and-Buckler Fighting, Wrestling, and Fighting in Armor. Boulder, CO: Paladin Press, 2006. ISBN 978-1-58160-499-3
  • Tobler, Christian Henry. Secrets of German Medieval Swordsmanship. Highland Village, TX: Chivalry Bookshelf, 2001. ISBN 1-891448-07-2
  • Żabiński, Grzegorz. The Longsword Teachings of Master Liechtenauer. The Early Sixteenth Century Swordsmanship Comments in the "Goliath" Manuscript. Poland: Adam Marshall, 2010. ISBN 978-83-7611-662-4

References

  1. Paulus Kal. Untitled [manuscript]. Cgm 1507. Munich, Germany: Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, 1470.
  2. Christian Henry Tobler. "Chicken and Eggs: Which Master Came First?" In Saint George's Name: An Anthology of Medieval German Fighting Arts. Wheaton, IL: Freelance Academy Press, 2010.
  3. Werner J. Hoffmann. "Dresden, Landesbibl., Mscr. C 487". Handschriftencensus. Eine Bestandsaufnahme der handschriftlichen Überlieferung deutschsprachiger Texte des Mittelalters. August, 2010. Retrieved 5 July 2012.
  4. Corrected from »am«.
  5. "Komp" added below the line in a different hand.