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| [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 035r.jpg|200px|center]]
 
| [[File:MS E.1939.65.341 035r.jpg|200px|center]]
| <p>[2] {{red|b=1|The foreword of the record}}</p>
+
| <p>[2] {{red|b=1|The foreword of the Recital}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
 
|-  
 
|-  
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|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>2</small>
 
| <small>2</small>
| Thus increase your honor.<br/>&emsp;Practice chivalry and learn<ref name="line omitted">Line is omitted from the Dresden.</ref>
+
| Thus increase your honor.<br/>&emsp;Practice chivalry and learn<ref name="line-d">Line omitted from the Dresden.</ref>
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>3</small>
 
| <small>3</small>
| Art that decorates you<br/>&emsp;[and] In combat exalts with honor
+
| Art which decorates you [and]<br/>&emsp;In combat exalts with honor.
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>4</small>
 
| <small>4</small>
| Wrestle well, grappler<br/>&emsp;Lance, spear, sword and messer.
+
| Wrestle, good grappler;<br/>&emsp;Lance, spear, sword, and Messer
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>5</small>
 
| <small>5</small>
| Valiantly wield<br/>&emsp;and make useless in others' hands<ref name="line omitted"/>
+
| Valiantly wield<br/>&emsp;And make useless in other's hands.<ref name="line-d"/>
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>6</small>
 
| <small>6</small>
| Hew-down<ref>darhauen: To chop down, to fell</ref> hard therein.<br/>&emsp;Rush in, hit or let pass
+
| Hew-down<ref>''darhauen'': To chop down, to fell.</ref> hard therein;<br/>&emsp;Rush in, hit or let pass.
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>7</small>
 
| <small>7</small>
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|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>8</small>
 
| <small>8</small>
| Hold yourself to this:<br/>&emsp;All art has reach and measure
+
| Hold yourself to this:<br/>&emsp;All art has reach and measure.
 
|}
 
|}
 
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|  
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| <p>[3] {{red|b=1|This is the text of many good common lessons of the long sword}}</p>
 
| <p>[3] {{red|b=1|This is the text of many good common lessons of the long sword}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <p><small>9</small><br/><br/><small>10</small><br/><br/></p>
+
| <small>9</small>
| <p>If you wish to show art,<br/>&emsp;Take yourself left and right with cutting<br/>And left with right<br/>&emsp;Is what you strongly desire to fence</p>
+
| If you wish to show art,<br/>&emsp;Take yourself left and right with cutting
 +
|-
 +
| <small>10</small>
 +
| And left with right<br/>&emsp;Is what you strongly desire to fence.
 
|}
 
|}
<p>{{red|Note the gloss.}} This is the first lesson of the long sword: That you shall learn to make<ref>lit: cut the cuts</ref> the cuts properly from both sides, that is, if you otherwise wish to fence strongly and correctly. Understand it thusly: When you wish to cut from the right side, so see that your right foot stands forward. If you then cut the over-cut from the right side, so follow-after the cut with the right foot. If you do not do that, then the cut is false and incorrect, because your right foot remains there behind. Therefore the cut is too short and may not reach its correct path below to the correct other side in front of the left foot.</p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. Note, this is the first lesson of the long sword: That you shall learn to make the cuts<ref>Lit: cut the cuts.</ref> properly from both sides, that is, if you otherwise wish to fence strongly and correctly. Understand it thusly: When you wish to cut from the right side, so see that your left foot stands forward. If you then cut the over-cut from the right side, so follow-after the cut with the right foot. If you do not do that, then the cut is false and incorrect, because your right foot remains there behind. Therefore the cut is too short and may not reach its correct path below to the correct other side in front of the left foot.</p>
 
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{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 011v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.487|012r|png|lbl=12r|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 012v.png|1|lbl=12v|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 011v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.487|012r|png|lbl=12r|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 012v.png|1|lbl=12v|p=1}}
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|  
 
|  
| <p>The same when you cut from the left side and [you] do not follow-after the cut with the left foot. Thus the cut is also false. Therefore note from whichever side you cut, that you follow-after with the same foot, so you may execute all your plays with strength and all other cuts shall be hewn thusly as well.</p>
+
| <p>[4]The same when you cut from the left side and [you] do not follow-after the cut with the left foot, thus the cut is also false. Therefore note, from whichever side you cut, that you follow-after with the same foot, so you may execute all your plays with strength and all other cuts shall be hewn thusly as well.</p>
 
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|  
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 012v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 013r.png|1|lbl=13r|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 012v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 013r.png|1|lbl=13r|p=1}}
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[4] {{red|b=1|Again, the text about a lesson}}</p>
+
| <p>[5] {{red|b=1|Again, the text about a lesson}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <p><small>11</small><br/><br/><small>12</small><br/><br/><small>13</small><br/><br/><small>14</small><br/><br/></p>
+
| <small>11</small>
| <p>Whoever goes after cuts,<br/>&emsp;They permit their art little joy<br/>Hew nearing whatever you wish<br/>&emsp;No change comes in your shield<br/>To the head, to the body<br/>&emsp;Do not omit the harassing-strikes<ref>D. ''Zeck'': Tick. R. ''Zeckruhr'': Insect bites</ref><br/>With the entire body fence<br/>&emsp;Whatever you desire to execute strongly<ref>Possibly: `strongly desire to execute`</ref></p>
+
| Whoever goes after cuts,<br/>&emsp;They permit their art little joy.
 +
|-
 +
| <small>12</small>
 +
| Hew nearing, whatever you wish:<br/>&emsp;No change comes in your shield;
 +
|-
 +
| <small>13</small>
 +
| To the head, to the body,<br/>&emsp;Do not omit the harassing-strikes.<ref>D. ''Zeck'': Tick; R. ''Zeckruhr'': Insect bites.</ref>
 +
|-
 +
| <small>14</small>
 +
| With the entire body fence<br/>&emsp;Whatever you desire to execute strongly.<ref>Possibly "strongly desire to execute".</ref>
 
|}
 
|}
<p>{{red|Glosa}} When you come against him in Zufechten you shall not await his attack, and neither shall you wait to see what he is thinking about doing to you. All fencers who are hesitant and wait for the incoming attack, and do nothing other than to ward it away, they gain very little joy from this sort of practice because they are often beaten.</p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. Note, this is<ref name="mdi-d">"Note, this is" omitted from the Dresden.</ref> when you come to him with the onset: you shall not watch or await his cut as he executes it against you. Because all fencers who watch and wait upon another's cut and wish to do nothing else than parry, they permit such art little joy because they often become struck with it.</p>
 
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{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 013r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 013v.png|1|lbl=13v|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 013r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 013v.png|1|lbl=13v|p=1}}
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|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>Always fight with the strength of the whole body! Cut close into him, to the head and to the body, so he cannot change-through in front of your point. And when the cut ends up in the bind you shall not hesitate but shall quickly and fluently make attacks against the nearest opening, using the five strikes and other techniques that will be described later.</p>
+
| <p>[6] Item. You shall<ref>"You shall" omitted from the Rostock.</ref> note that every thing which you wish to fence, execute it with the entire strength of the body; and with that, cleave-in to the head and to the body, nearing him, so he may not change-through in front of your point; and with that cut, in the binding of the swords you shall not omit the harassing-strikes to the nearest opening (which will be delineated hereafter in the five cuts and in other plays).</p>
 
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{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 013v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 014r.png|1|lbl=14r|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 013v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 014r.png|1|lbl=14r|p=1}}
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[5] {{red|b=1|Another lesson.}}</p>
+
| <p>[7] {{red|b=1|Again, a lesson}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <p><small>15</small><br/><br/><small>16</small><br/><br/></p>
+
| <small>15</small>
| <p>Hear what is bad,<br/>&emsp;do not fence from the left if you are right-handed,<br/>and if you are left-handed,<br/>&emsp;you are weak from the right.</p>
+
| Hear what is bad:<br/>&emsp;Do not fence from above left if you are right,
 +
|-  
 +
| <small>16</small>
 +
| And if you are left,<br/>&emsp;In the right [you] are also severely hindered.
 
|}
 
|}
<p>{{red|Glosa}} This lesson applies to two types of people: those who are left-handed and those who are right-handed. When you come against him in Zufechten, if you are right-handed and want to strike him, you must not throw your first cut from your left side. That is because this is weak and cannot bring strength to bear if he binds the strong of his blade against you. Therefore, cut from your right side, so you can be strong and skillful in the bind and can do as you will. Similarly, if you are left handed, do not cut from the right, because the art is pointless when a left-hander tries to fence from the right side. Likewise this statement applies to a right-hander fencing from the left side.</p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. Note, this lesson hits upon two people, one left and one right, and understand it thusly: When you come to him with the onset, if you then judge and decide to strike the opponent, then do not hew the first cut from the left side. Because it is weak and with that, may not hold against when one binds strongly upon it. Therefore cut [from] the right side, so you may work strongly with art (whatever you wish).</p>
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 014r.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
|  
 
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 014r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 014v.png|1|lbl=14v|p=1}}
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 014r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 014v.png|1|lbl=14v|p=1}}
 
 
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 014v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
 
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|  
 
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 007r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 007r.png|3|lbl=-}}
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[6] {{red|b=1|A lesson about "Before" and "After".}}</p>
+
| <p>[8] The same is if you are left. So likewise do not cut from the right side, because the art is quite awkward [when] a lefty executes from the right side. It is also the same [of] a righty from the left side.</p>
{| class="zettel"
+
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 014v.png|2|lbl=-}}
| <p><small>17</small><br/><br/><small>18</small><br/><br/><small>19</small><br/><br/><small>20</small><br/><br/></p>
 
| <p>"Before" and "After", these two things,<br/>&emsp;all other skills spring from these.<br/>"Weak" and "Strong",<br/>&emsp;"Instantly", mark well these words.<br/>So you can learn<br/>&emsp;to work and to defend with skill.<br/>If you become gentle and timid,<br/>&emsp;you will never learn anything about fencing.</p>
 
|}
 
<p>{{red|Glosa}} Mark well that more than anything else you must understand "Before" and "After", because these two concepts are the grounding from which all fencing comes.</p>
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 014v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 015r.png|1|lbl=15r|p=1}}
 
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 007r.png|4|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[7]</p>
+
| <p>[9] {{red|b=1|This is the text and a lesson about before and after}}</p>
 
+
{| class="zettel"
<p>Mark also: "Before" means that you shall always perform a strike or thrust against his openings, before he does the same to you. Then he must defend against you! And work deftly both in the defence and in moving your sword from one opening to another, so he cannot have the chance to perform his own techniques between yours. But if he rushes in close to you, deal with him through wrestling.</p>
+
| <small>17</small>
 +
| Before and after, the two things<br/>&emsp;Are the one origin of all art.
 +
|-
 +
| <small>18</small>
 +
| Weak and strong,<br/>&emsp;In-the-moment; with that mark the word.
 +
|-
 +
| <small>19</small>
 +
| Thus, you may learn<br/>&emsp;To work and ward with art.
 +
|-
 +
| <small>20</small>
 +
| If you frighten easily,<br/>&emsp;Never learn any fencing.
 +
|}
 +
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. Note, this is that before anything, you shall understand the before and the after well, because these two things have one origin which gives rise the entire art of fencing. Understand it thusly: The before, this is so that you shall always come forth with a cut or with a thrust to his opening before the moment he comes with his [strike] to yours.<ref>Lit: "Before the moment he comes with his to you".</ref> Thus he must parry you. Then work swiftly in the parrying in front of you with the sword from one opening to the other, so he may not come before your work with his plays. But if he runs-in to you, then come forth with the wrestling.</p>
 
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|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 015r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 015v.png|1|lbl=15v|p=1}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 014v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 015r.png|1|lbl=15r|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 015v.png|1|lbl=15v|p=1}}
 
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[8] {{red|b=1|Mark, that which is called "After".}}</p>
+
| <p>[10] {{red|b=1|Here note that which is called the after}}</p>
  
<p>Mark, that if you cannot come in the "Before", wait for the "After". This will defeat all techniques that he does against you. When he comes at you so that you must defend yourself against him, so work deftly "in the Instant" with your defence against his nearest opening, so strike him before he can finish his technique. Thus you win the "Before" and he is left in the "After". You shall also know how you can use "the Instant" against his "weak" and "strong" parts of the sword.</p>
+
<p>Note, if you may not come in the before, then wait upon the after. These are the breaks of all plays which he executes upon you. Understand it thusly: When he comes-before such that you must parry him, so swiftly work in-the-moment with the parrying to the nearest opening, so you hit him the moment before he accomplishes his play. Thus you have seized the before and he remains after. You shall also note in the before and after how you shall work with the word "in-the-moment" according to the weak and according to the strong of his sword.</p>
 
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{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 015v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 016r.png|1|lbl=16r|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 015v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 016r.png|1|lbl=16r|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 016r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
 
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|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[9]</p>
+
| <p>[11] And understand it thusly: The sword has its strength from the hilt of the sword up until the middle of the blade; with that you may resist<ref>''wiederhalten'': lit. "hold against"; to withstand, resist.</ref> when someone binds you thereupon. And farther, from the middle up until the point, has its weak which cannot resist. And when you understand these things properly, you may properly work with art, and with it protect yourself and furthermore teach princes and lords so that they may properly remain steadfast with the same art, in play and in earnest; but if you fear easily, you should not learn the art of fencing, because a fragile discouraged heart, it does no good when it becomes struck by any art.</p>
 
 
<p>From the hilt of the sword to the blade's centre the sword is "strong", and with this you can meet against his blade when you bind against it. And further, from the middle to the point the sword is "weak", which should not be brought against his blade. And when you really understand these things you can work skillfully and defend yourself well, and later teach princes and lords, so that they with these same skills can protect themselves well in play and earnest. But if you become frightened easily you should not learn fighting arts, because a weak and frightened heart—it does not help you—it defeats all of your skills.</p>
 
 
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{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 016r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 016v.png|1|lbl=16v|p=1}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 016r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 016v.png|1|lbl=16v|p=1}}
 
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[10] {{red|b=1|The Five cuts.}}</p>
+
| <p>[12] {{red|b=1|The text of the five cuts}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <p><small>21</small><br/><br/><small>22</small><br/><br/></p>
+
| <small>21</small>
| <p>Learn five cuts from the right hand.<br/>&emsp;He who can defend himself with these,<br/>he should be praised,<br/>&emsp;his skill rewards him well.</p>
+
| Learn five cuts<br/>&emsp;From the right hand against the defense.<ref>Alternately: weapons.</ref><ref>D. ''Wer dz wäre'': "Whoever defends these".</ref>
 +
|-
 +
| <small>22</small>
 +
| We happily consign<ref>Alternately: avow, legally promise.</ref> them<br/>&emsp;To the rewards<ref>Possibly "wages".</ref> in the Arts.
 
|}
 
|}
<p>{{red|Glosa}} Mark well, the teaching verses present five secret cuts, which many swordmasters do not know to speak about. You will learn not to strike any other cuts when you come from the right side against one who stands against you in defence. And try if you can to hit an opponent with the first strike using one of these five cuts. The one who can counter with these against an opponent without being hurt will be praised by the master of the markverses, and his skill shall reward him more than another fencer who cannot fence with the five cuts. And how you shall throw the five cuts you will find hereafter recorded in the verses that talk about these same five cuts.</p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}.<ref name="word-d">Word omitted from the Dresden.</ref> Note, the Recital sets down five obscure cuts. Many masters of the sword do know nothing to say about this: that you should not learn to make other cuts,<ref>Lit: "cut other cuts".</ref> when from the right side, against those who position themselves against you in defense. And if you select one cut from the five cuts, then one must hit with the first strike. Whoever can break that without their harm will be praised by the masters of the Recital, because his art shall be praised better than another fencer who cannot fence the five cuts against it. (And how you shall hew the five cuts, you find that in the same five cuts written<ref>"In the same five cuts" omitted from the Rostock.</ref> written hereafter.)</p>
 
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{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 016v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.487|017r|png|lbl=17r|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 017v.png|1|lbl=17v|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 016v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.487|017r|png|lbl=17r|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 017v.png|1|lbl=17v|p=1}}
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[11] {{red|b=1|The techniques of the markverses.}}</p>
+
| <p>[13] {{red|b=1|This is the text of the plays of the Recital}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
| <p><small>23</small><br/><br/><small>24</small><br/><br/><small>25</small><br/><br/><small>26</small><br/><br/></p>
+
| <small>23</small>
| <p>Wrath strike, crooked strike, crosswise, <br/>&emsp;squinting, with Parting <br/>breaking the Fool, <br/>&emsp;follow after, go over, <br/>cut, change through, twitch,<br/>&emsp;rush in, slice, press the hands,<br/>hanging guard, and with openings,<br/>&emsp;strike, catch, sweep and thrust with the point.</p>
+
| Wrath-cut, crooked, thwart has<br/>&emsp;Squinter with parter
 +
|-
 +
| <small>24</small>
 +
| Fool parries<br/>&emsp;Following-after, run-over
 +
|-
 +
| <small>25</small>
 +
| Set the cut, change-through, pull<br/>&emsp;Run-through, slice-away, press the hands
 +
|-
 +
| <small>26</small>
 +
| Hang and with openings<br/>&emsp;Strike, catch, sweep, thrust with blows.
 
|}
 
|}
<p>{{red|Glosa}} Here are listed the correct and most important techniques in fighting with the longsword, they are named specifically so that you may understand them better. They are seventeen in number and begin with the five cuts. </p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. Note, here the proper principal-plays of the art of the long sword are named, as all are specifically titled with their names so that you can better understand them. They are seventeen in number, and it begins with the five cuts.</p>
 
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{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 017v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 018r.png|1|lbl=18r|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 018r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 017v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 018r.png|1|lbl=18r|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 018r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}}
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| <p>The first cut is called the wrath strike,<br/>the second is the crooked strike,<br/>the third is the crosswise strike,<br/>the fourth is the squinting strike,<br/>the fifth is the parting strike,<br/>the sixth: these are the four guards,<br/>the seventh is the four displacements,<br/>the eighth is travelling after,<br/>the ninth is the over reaching,<br/>the tenth is the setting aside,<br/>the eleventh is changing through,<br/>the twelfth is the twitching,<br/>the thirteenth is the running through,<br/>the fourteenth is the cutting],<br/>the fifteenth is the hand pressing,<br/>the sixteenth is the hanging,<br/>the seventeenth: this is the windings.</p>
+
|  
 +
<p>Item. Now note the first cut called the wrath-cut<br/>
 +
The second the crooked-cut<br/>
 +
The third the thwart-cut<br/>
 +
The fourth the squint-cut<br/>
 +
The fifth the scalp-cut<br/>
 +
The sixth they are the four guards<br/>
 +
The seventh the four parries<br/>
 +
The eighth the following-after<br/>
 +
The ninth the running-over<br/>
 +
The tenth the setting-aside<br/>
 +
The eleventh the changing-through<br/>
 +
The twelfth the pulling<br/>
 +
The thirteenth the running-through<br/>
 +
The fourteenth the slicing-away<br/>
 +
The fifteenth the hand-pressing<br/>
 +
The sixteenth the hanging<br/>
 +
The seventeenth they are the windings</p>
 
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| And how you will perform the hanging and windings, and how you shall perform all these named techniques, all this you will find written hereafter.
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| <p>And how you shall uncover with the hanging and winding, and how you shall execute all the forenamed plays, you find that entirely written hereafter.</p>
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Revision as of 21:23, 1 July 2015

Sigmund Schining ain Ringeck
Born date of birth unknown
Died before 1470
Occupation Fencing master
Nationality German
Patron Albrecht, Duke of Bavaria
Movement Society of Liechtenauer
Influences Johannes Liechtenauer
Influenced
Genres Fencing manual
Language Early New High German
Archetype(s) Hypothetical
Manuscript(s)
First printed
english edition
Tobler, 2001
Concordance by Michael Chidester
Translations

Sigmund Schining ain Ringeck (Sigmund ain Ringeck, Sigmund Amring, Sigmund Einring, Sigmund Schining) was a 14th or 15th century German fencing master. While the meaning of the surname "Schining" is uncertain, the suffix "ain Ringeck" may indicate that he came from the Rhineland region of south-eastern Germany. He is named in the text as Schirmaister[1] to Albrecht, Count Palatine of Rhine and Duke of Bavaria. Other than this, the only thing that can be determined about his life is that his renown as a master was sufficient for Paulus Kal to include him on his memorial to the deceased masters of the Society of Liechtenauer in 1470.[2]

The identity of Ringeck's patron remains unclear, as four men named Albrecht held the title during the fifteenth century. If it is Albrecht I, who reigned from 1353 to 1404, this would signify that Ringeck was likely a direct associate or student of the grand master Johannes Liechtenauer. However, it may just as easily have been Albrecht III, who carried the title from 1438 to 1460, making Ringeck potentially a second-generation master carrying on the tradition.[3] Albrecht IV claimed the title in 1460 and thus also could have been Ringeck's patron; this seems somewhat less likely in light of Ringeck's apparent death within that same decade, meaning the master would have had to have penned his treatise in the final few years of his life. In its favor, however, is the fact that Albrecht IV lived until 1508 and so both the Dresden and Glasgow versions of the text were likely created during his reign.

Ringeck is often erroneously credited as the author of the MS Dresd.C.487. While Ringeck was the author of one of the core texts, a complete gloss of Liechtenauer's Recital on unarmored longsword fencing, and perhaps also the anonymous glosses of his armored and mounted fencing, the manuscript contains an assortment of treatises by several different masters in the tradition (not just Ringeck), and it is currently thought to have been composed in the early 16th century[4] (well after the master's lifetime). Regardless, the fact that he authored one of the few glosses of Liechtenauer's verse makes Ringeck one of the most important masters of the 15th century.

While it was not duplicated nearly as often as the more famous gloss of Pseudo-Peter von Danzig, Ringeck's work nevertheless seems to have had a lasting influence. Not only was it reproduced by Joachim Meÿer in his final manuscript (left unifinished at his death in 1571), but in 1539 Hans Medel von Salzburg took it upon himself to create an update and revision of Ringeck's Bloßfechten gloss, integrating his own commentary in many places.

Stemma

Treatise

Additional Resources

  • Lindholm, David and Svard, Peter. Sigmund Ringeck's Knightly Art of the Longsword. Boulder, CO: Paladin Press, 2003. ISBN 978-1-58160-410-8
  • Lindholm, David and Svard, Peter. Sigmund Ringeck's Knightly Arts of Combat: Sword-and-Buckler Fighting, Wrestling, and Fighting in Armor. Boulder, CO: Paladin Press, 2006. ISBN 978-1-58160-499-3
  • Tobler, Christian Henry. Secrets of German Medieval Swordsmanship. Highland Village, TX: Chivalry Bookshelf, 2001. ISBN 1-891448-07-2
  • Żabiński, Grzegorz. The Longsword Teachings of Master Liechtenauer. The Early Sixteenth Century Swordsmanship Comments in the "Goliath" Manuscript. Poland: Adam Marshall, 2010. ISBN 978-83-7611-662-4

References

  1. For possible meanings of this term, see Jens Peter Kleinau. "Schirrmeister, Schermeister, Schirmmeister". Hans Talhoffer ~ A Historical Martial Arts blog by Jens P. Kleinau, 2011. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
  2. The Society of Liechtenauer is recorded in three versions of Paulus Kal's treatise: MS 1825 (1460s), Cgm 1570 (ca. 1470), and MS KK5126 (1480s).
  3. Christian Henry Tobler. "Chicken and Eggs: Which Master Came First?" In Saint George's Name: An Anthology of Medieval German Fighting Arts. Wheaton, IL: Freelance Academy Press, 2010.
  4. Werner J. Hoffmann. "Mscr.Dresd.C.487: Siegmund am Ringeck, Fechtlehre". Tiefenerschließung und Digitalisierung der deutschsprachigen mittelalterlichen Handschriften der Sächsischen Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek (SLUB) Dresden. Retrieved 26 May 2015.
  5. The phrase "and pictured" is omitted from the Dresden.
  6. Corrected from »am«.
  7. 7.0 7.1 Line omitted from the Dresden.
  8. darhauen: To chop down, to fell.
  9. Lit: cut the cuts.
  10. D. Zeck: Tick; R. Zeckruhr: Insect bites.
  11. Possibly "strongly desire to execute".
  12. "Note, this is" omitted from the Dresden.
  13. "You shall" omitted from the Rostock.
  14. Lit: "Before the moment he comes with his to you".
  15. wiederhalten: lit. "hold against"; to withstand, resist.
  16. Alternately: weapons.
  17. D. Wer dz wäre: "Whoever defends these".
  18. Alternately: avow, legally promise.
  19. Possibly "wages".
  20. Word omitted from the Dresden.
  21. Lit: "cut other cuts".
  22. "In the same five cuts" omitted from the Rostock.
  23. Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29), ff 18v-19r
  24. "Komp" added below the line in a different hand.
  25. Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29), ff 20v-21r
  26. Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29), ff 21v
  27. Corrected from »seiner«.
  28. 28.0 28.1 Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29), ff 28v
  29. 29.0 29.1 Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29), ff 31r
  30. Corrected from »dem«.
  31. Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29), ff 33v
  32. Corrected from »dim«.
  33. Corrected from »rechtem«.
  34. Corrected from »sinem«.
  35. Remainder of fragments from Rast Fechtbuch (Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82), ff 13r-14v
  36. The word »es« is almost illegible.
  37. Corrected from »ausgerattñ«.
  38. Corrected from »dem«.
  39. Corrected from »dim«.
  40. Corrected from »dinem«.
  41. The text ends here abruptly, in the middle of a play. Since the page isn't full, it's unclear why the scribe stopped at this point. The subsequent folia come from earlier in the manuscript; they were removed and then added back in at the end.