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| [[file:MS Dresd.C.487 002r.png|200px|center]]
 
| <p>[1] {{red|b=1|Here begins the interpretation of the Recital}}</p>
 
| <p>[1] {{red|b=1|Here begins the interpretation of the Recital}}</p>
  
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| Squint to the point<br/>&emsp;And take the neck without fear.
 
| Squint to the point<br/>&emsp;And take the neck without fear.
 
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<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. Note, the squinter breaks the long-point <sup>mit ainer betrugnus des gesichtz</sup> and execute it thusly: When he stands against you and holds the point against the face or against<ref name="word-dg">Word omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.</ref> the<ref name="word-g"/> chest from extended arms, so stand with the left foot forward and squint with the face to his point,<ref>"To his point" omitted from the Rostock.</ref> and act as if you wish to cut to his point,<ref>"To his point" omitted from the Glasgow.</ref> and cut strongly onto his sword with the short edge, and with that, shoot the point long to his neck with a step-forwards of the right foot (as stands pictured hereafter next to this).<ref name="clause-dr"/></p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|Gloss}}. Note, the squinter breaks the long-point <sup>with a deceit of the face</sup> and execute it thusly: When he stands against you and holds the point against the face or against<ref name="word-dg">Word omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.</ref> the<ref name="word-g"/> chest from extended arms, so stand with the left foot forward and squint with the face to his point,<ref>"To his point" omitted from the Rostock.</ref> and act as if you wish to cut to his point,<ref>"To his point" omitted from the Glasgow.</ref> and cut strongly onto his sword with the short edge, and with that, shoot the point long to his neck with a step-forwards of the right foot (as stands pictured hereafter next to this).<ref name="clause-dr"/></p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 032r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 032r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS E.1939.65.341|006v|jpg|lbl=06v}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS E.1939.65.341|006v|jpg|lbl=06v}}
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=== Temporary division ===
 
  
 
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! id="thin" | <p>Images</p>
 
! id="thin" | <p>Images</p>
! <p>{{rating|C|Verse}} by [[Mike Rasmusson]]<br/>{{rating|C|Dresden Gloss}} by [[David Rawlings]]</p>
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! <p>{{rating|Start|Verse}} by [[Mike Rasmusson]]<br/>{{rating|Start|Dresden Gloss}} by [[David Rawlings]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Johan Liechtnawers Fechtbuch geschriebenn (MS Dresd.C.487)|Dresden Transcription]] (1504-19){{edit index|Johan Liechtnawers Fechtbuch geschriebenn (MS Dresd.C.487)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Johan Liechtnawers Fechtbuch geschriebenn (MS Dresd.C.487)|Dresden Transcription]] (1504-19){{edit index|Johan Liechtnawers Fechtbuch geschriebenn (MS Dresd.C.487)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)|Glasgow Transcription]] (1508){{edit index|Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)|Glasgow Transcription]] (1508){{edit index|Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
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| <p>[38] When you stand in this guard and he faces you in the upper guard and wants to set it in from above (stab at you). Then stab him first and set the point on his forward hand in the opening of the flat of the hand. Or stab through over his forward hand, press down with your pommel and set him to the other side.</p>
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| <p>[55] </p>
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 100r.png|1|lbl=100r}}
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<p>When you stand in this guard and he faces you in the upper guard and wants to set it in from above (stab at you). Then stab him first and set the point on his forward hand in the opening of the flat of the hand. Or stab through over his forward hand, press down with your pommel and set him to the other side.</p>
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 108v.png|4|lbl=-}}
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| <p><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 100r.png|1|lbl=100r}}
 +
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 089v.jpg|1|lbl=89v}}
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| <p><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 108v.png|4|lbl=-}}
  
 
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|-  
 
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| <p>[39] When he jabs at you from above, grab his sword with your left hand in front of his left hand, place the hilt on your breast and set the point against him.</p>
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| <p>[56] </p>
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 +
<p>When he jabs at you from above, grab his sword with your left hand in front of his left hand, place the hilt on your breast and set the point against him.</p>
 +
| <p><br/></p>
 +
 
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 100r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 100v.png|1|lbl=100v|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 100r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 100v.png|1|lbl=100v|p=1}}
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| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 089v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 109r.png|1|lbl=109r}}
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| <p><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 109r.png|1|lbl=109r}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
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| <p>[40] {{red|b=1|A break against the setting through}}</p>
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| <p>[57] </p>
 
+
|
<p>When you stab him from the lower guard and he stabs you from the upper guard between your forward hand and your sword and pushes his pommel down. Then go in to the upper guard and set on him at once.</p>
+
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 089v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 100v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
 
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| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 109r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
  
 
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| <p>[41] When you want to stab at him from the lower guard and he wants to drive through with the pommel under your sword and thus parry, then keep the point strong in front of his face and press his right hand down (underneath) then set upon him. You can also change through with the pommel and set aside his thrust.</p>
+
| <p>[58] </p>
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 100v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 122r.png|1|lbl=122r|p=1}}
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| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 089v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 
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| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 109r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
  
 
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| <p>[42] Note: Thrust to him strongly from the lower guard to the face. If he thrusts the same way to you, grasp his sword in the center to yours with your left hand inverted and hold the two swords fast together. And go through with the pommel under his sword, with the right arm jerking it over to your right side, so that you can take his sword.</p>
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| <p>[59] </p>
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 122r.png|2|lbl=-}}
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 +
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 089v.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
 
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| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 099r.png|1|lbl=99r}}
 
  
 
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| <p>[43] Note: this is the counter: When he grabs your sword in the center and wants to take it away from you, note: when he has your sword held fast in his left hand, drive up into the upper guard and set upon him.</p>
+
| <p>[60] </p>
 
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|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 122r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 122v.png|1|lbl=122v|p=1}}
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| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 089v.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
 
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| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 099r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
  
 
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| <p>[44] Note: Thrust to his face from the lower guard while turning. If he displaces, zucken and thrust to his face. If he displaces, move your pommel over his right shoulder and around his neck, jumping with your right foot behind his left, and tearing him over your leg with the pommel so that he falls.</p>
+
| <p>[61] </p>
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 122v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
 
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 +
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 090r.jpg|1|lbl=90r}}
 
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|  
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 099r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 099v.png|1|lbl=99v|p=1}}
 
  
 
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|-  
 
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| <p>[45] Note: This is the counter: When he moves his pommel over your right shoulder and around your neck jumps with his right foot behind your left, grasp his left hand, And press it toward your breast, and turn from him to the right side; and throw him over your left hip.</p>
+
| <p>[62] {{red|b=1|A break against the setting through}}<br/><br/></p>
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 125r.png|1|lbl=125r}}
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|  
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<p>When you stab him from the lower guard and he stabs you from the upper guard between your forward hand and your sword and pushes his pommel down. Then go in to the upper guard and set on him at once.</p>
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 099v.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 100v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 +
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 090r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 109r.png|2|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[46] Note, you will also want to strike him from the lower guard, when he likewise has you.</p>
+
| <p>[63] </p>
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 125r.png|2|lbl=-}}
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 +
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 090r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
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| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 099v.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
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| <p>[47] {{red|b=1|Third Half-Sword Guard}}</p>
+
| <p>[64] </p>
 
 
<p>Hold your sword with both hands, as described before, over the left knee. And from it, break all his techniques by displacing.</p>
 
 
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|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 125r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 125v.png|1|lbl=125v|p=1}}
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| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 090r.jpg|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 090v.jpg|1|lbl=90v|p=1}}
 
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| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 099v.png|4|lbl=-}}
 
  
 
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|-  
 
|  
 
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| <p>[48] If he thrusts to your face from the upper guard, set the thrust aside to his right side with your sword in front of your left hand driving into the upper guard and setting the point upon him.</p>
+
| <p>[65] </p>
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 125v.png|2|lbl=-}}
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 +
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 090v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
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| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 099v.png|5|lbl=-}}
 
  
 
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| <p>[49] Or drive up with the sword, displacing the thrust from above between your two hands. And drive with the pommel over his forward hand and with it jerk down; setting the point upon him.</p>
+
| <p>[66] </p>
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 125v.png|3|lbl=-}}
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 +
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 090v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
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|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 100r.png|1|lbl=100r}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
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| <p>[50] Move the pommel over his forward hand and then back through, and jerk him down with it. You can also change through below with the pommel and set aside his thrust.</p>
+
| <p>[67] </p>
|
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 125v.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 101r.png|1|lbl=101r|p=1}}
 
 
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 +
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 090v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
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| <p>[51] Note, you wind and hereafter is described how you should do the third guard and how to strike your opponent with the pommel.</p>
+
| <p>[68] </p>
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 101r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
 
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 +
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 090v.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
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| <p>[52] {{red|b=1|The fourth guard with the half sword}}</p>
+
| <p>[69] </p>
  
<p>As above hold your sword with both hands - holding it with the grip under the right armpit and place the hilt (in) on your breast on the right, so that the point sticks out to your opponent. [In this guard you should come from all previous mentioned.] Also when you have stabbed him to the opening and fixed the point in his armour then wind the hilt constantly in front of your breast and push him from you. And don't let him detatch from your point. So he can neither stand still, hew or stab.</p>
+
<p>When you want to stab at him from the lower guard and he wants to drive through with the pommel under your sword and thus parry, then keep the point strong in front of his face and press his right hand down (underneath) then set upon him. You can also change through with the pommel and set aside his thrust.</p>
|  
+
| <p><br/></p>
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 101r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 101v.png|1|lbl=101v|p=1}}
+
 
|  
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 100v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 122r.png|1|lbl=122r|p=1}}
|  
+
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 090v.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
 +
| <p><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 109r.png|3|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
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|  
| <p>[53] When you have applied it and he has a longer reach than you, then push him thus from you, so that the point sticks out above and is set well into the rings of the chain mail. If he has a shorter reach than you let the pommel of your sword drop to your right hip and the point will jut out above and stick in the rings, just as above. Thus press him away from you and don't release him from the sword.</p>
+
| <p>[70] </p>
|
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 101v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 102r.png|1|lbl=102r|p=1}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 091r.jpg|1|lbl=91r}}
 
|  
 
|  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
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| <p>[54] {{red|b=1|The before and the after in the fight/fence}}</p>
+
| <p>[71] </p>
  
<p>Before and after the two things<br/>teach testing wisely with springing away</p>
+
<p>Note: Thrust to him strongly from the lower guard to the face. If he thrusts the same way to you, grasp his sword in the center to yours with your left hand inverted and hold the two swords fast together. And go through with the pommel under his sword, with the right arm jerking it over to your right side, so that you can take his sword.</p>
 +
| <p><br/></p>
  
<p>You should in all things know the before and after. Because all skill in the fight comes from it. Take note, that you come before him with strikes and stabs, then he must move. And straight away, when he binds with his sword, set your techniques on, so he cannot get his techniques through your assult. This is the before.</p>
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 122r.png|2|lbl=-}}
|
+
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 091r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 102r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 102v.png|1|lbl=102v|p=1}}
 
|
 
 
| <p><br/></p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
  
<p><br/><br/></p>
+
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 099r.png|1|lbl=99r}}
 
 
<p><br/><br/>{{section|Page:MS Var.82 102r.png|2|lbl=102r|p=1}}</p>
 
  
 
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|-  
 
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| <p>[55] The after are all pieces (breaks) against the techniques that he sets against you. When it occurs, that you must set him aside. Then from that setting aside immediately use your point to find his next opening. So you go straight away from being defensive to being offensive. This is the after.</p>
+
| <p>[72] {{red|b=1|Note: this is the counter:}}</p>
|
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 102v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 103r.png|1|lbl=103r|p=1}}
 
|
 
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 102r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
  
|-
+
<p>When he grabs your sword in the center and wants to take it away from you, note: when he has your sword held fast in his left hand, drive up into the upper guard and set upon him.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[56] You should therefore respect that in the fight/fence you take no more than a step towards or away from him. When he is faster than you and you can no longer set him aside, then go backwards one step only with your left foot and be aware that you can step back in with the left foot and set in again or seize him with the wrestle.</p>
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 122r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 122v.png|1|lbl=122v|p=1}}
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 103r.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 091r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 099r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 +
 
 +
|-
 
|  
 
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 +
| <p>[73] Note: Thrust to his face from the lower guard while turning. If he displaces, zucken and thrust to his face. If he displaces, move your pommel over his right shoulder and around his neck, jumping with your right foot behind his left, and tearing him over your leg with the pommel so that he falls.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 122v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 102r.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 102v.png|1|lbl=102v|p=1}}
+
|
 +
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 099r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 099v.png|1|lbl=99v|p=1}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[57] {{red|b=1|The travelling after with the sword in the battle fence.}}</p>
+
| <p>[74] {{red|b=1|Note: This is the counter:}}</p>
  
<p>Follow all hits<br/>with strength if you will weaken him<br/>If he guards then disengage<br/>stab as he goes backward<br/>If he fights extended, <br/>then be artfully instructed</p>
+
<p>When he moves his pommel over your right shoulder and around your neck jumps with his right foot behind your left, grasp his left hand, And press it toward your breast, and turn from him to the right side; and throw him over your left hip.</p>
 
+
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 125r.png|1|lbl=125r}}
<p>You should use the travelling after against the strong fencer, that with outstretched arms, long reach fights. But otherwise possesses nothing else from the art.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 103v.png|1|lbl=103v}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 102v.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 099v.png|2|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
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| <p>[58] Position yourself against him in a guard. Stands he also in a guard opposite. That if he pulls his sword, if he wants to rake or lift up to strike, then go with your point to his next opening before he can complete his strike or stab. If he comes really early before with the sword (pulls out) at the same time without aiming for your opening. Then you can jerk through suddenly. And always set the jerk on, when he only strikes at the sword. So you come to the arm breaks and to other breaks (pieces) and this is the art against those.</p>
+
| <p>[75] </p>
|
 
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 103v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 104r.png|1|lbl=104r|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 104v.png|1|lbl=104v|p=1}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 091r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 102v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 103r.png|1|lbl=103r|p=1}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[59] {{red|b=1|The set to}}</p>
+
| <p>[76] </p>
 
+
|
<p>If he grabs on strong<br/>in the shot face him on</p>
+
|
 
+
{{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 091r.jpg|5|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 091v.jpg|1|lbl=91v|p=1}}
<p>When he has set to you and pushes you back, then stab him in the palm of the hand, which holds the sword in the middle. When he the hands reversed, then stab up from below again in the same guard.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 104v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
 
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|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 101r.png|1|lbl=101r}}
 
  
 
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| <p>[60] Or stab him into the arm, in from behind the glove (gauntlet), and when the stab fits, then step to the front, then you open this side and moreover win the advantage.</p>
+
| <p>[77] </p>
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 104v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 105r.png|1|lbl=105r|p=1}}
+
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 091v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 101r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
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| <p>[61] Or stab through over his forward hand and press down from above. Place your hilt on your breast and set to him.</p>
+
| <p>[78] Note, you will also want to strike him from the lower guard, when he likewise has you.</p>
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 105r.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 125r.png|2|lbl=-}}
|  
+
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 091v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 101r.png|3|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 099v.png|3|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[62] When he has set to your leftarmpit, then step back with the left foot, therefore his point goes under with it. But yours stays fixed. You can also increase your sword's reach, when you set your pommel against your breast.</p>
+
| <p>[79] {{red|b=1|Third Half-Sword Guard}}<br/><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
<p>Hold your sword with both hands, as described before, over the left knee. And from it, break all his techniques by displacing.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 105r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 105v.png|1|lbl=105v|p=1}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 125r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 125v.png|1|lbl=125v|p=1}}
|  
+
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 091v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 101r.png|4|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 099v.png|4|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[63] {{red|b=1|The strike with the pommel. Defence against the strike with the pommel.}}</p>
+
| <p>[80] </p>
  
<p>If he shoots with the striking point<br/>Meet without force<br/>Teach to twist the point<br/>with both hands to the eyes</p>
+
<p>If he thrusts to your face from the upper guard, set the thrust aside to his right side with your sword in front of your left hand driving into the upper guard and setting the point upon him.</p>
 +
| <p><br/></p>
  
<p>The "percussive point" is the strike with the pommel. When he comes over with a strong strike in this way, then hold the sword over your left knee in the lower guard. If he then strikes to your head - and is a strong man - then strike his strike with your swoord in front of your left hand over to his right. And drive in with the sword in the upper guard. The second defence: If he is as weak as you, then step into him, catch the strike on your sword between your hands and set your point at his face.</p>
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 125v.png|2|lbl=-}}
|
+
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 091v.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 105v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 106r.png|1|lbl=106r|p=1}}
+
| <p><br/></p>
|
 
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 101r.png|5|lbl=-}}
 
  
<br/>{{section|Page:MS Var.82 101v.png|1|lbl=101v|p=1}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 099v.png|5|lbl=-}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[64] When you catch the pommel strike in the middle of your sword under the hilt, then tear over with your pommel to your right side, then you'll take his sword.</p>
+
| <p>[81] Or drive up with the sword, displacing the thrust from above between your two hands. And drive with the pommel over his forward hand and with it jerk down; setting the point upon him.</p>
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 106r.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 125v.png|3|lbl=-}}
|  
+
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 091v.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 101v.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 100r.png|1|lbl=100r}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[65] If he strikes to your left knee, then catch the strike between your hands so that your pommel juts down and drive the pommel through under his sword and tear it up on your right side, so you tear the sword from his hands.</p>
+
| <p>[82] </p>
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 106r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 106v.png|1|lbl=106v|p=1}}
 
 
|  
 
|  
 +
{{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 091v.jpg|7|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 092r.jpg|1|lbl=92r|p=1}}
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 102r.png|1|lbl=102r|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 100r.png|2|lbl=100r|p=1}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[66] If he strikes underneath at your foot then strike down against his strike with your pommel. Then jump to him and wrestle.</p>
+
| <p>[83] </p>
 +
 
 +
<p>Move the pommel over his forward hand and then back through, and jerk him down with it.</p>
 +
| <p><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 125v.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 101r.png|1|lbl=101r|p=1}}
 +
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 092r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 106v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 107r.png|1|lbl=107r|p=1}}
 
|
 
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 100r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[67] When you hold your sword on your right side in the lower guard, and he strikes with the pommel to your point, and takes it out wide. Then straight way jump near to him, so that he strikes over beyond you - at the same time you cannot pass - and set the point on him.</p>
+
| <p>[84] You can also change through below with the pommel and set aside his thrust.</p>
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 107r.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 101r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 +
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 092r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 100r.png|4|lbl=-}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[68] You will always use travelling after and setting in, whilst he draws out with the pommel.</p>
+
| <p>[85] Note, you wind and hereafter is described how you should do the third guard and how to strike your opponent with the pommel.</p>
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 107r.png|3|lbl=-}}
+
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 101r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 +
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 092r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 100r.png|5|lbl=-}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[69] {{red|b=1|Assault with the pommel}}</p>
+
| <p>[86] {{red|b=1|The fourth guard with the half sword}}<br/><br/></p>
 
 
<p>You must guard<br/>the forward foot with the strike</p>
 
  
<p>When you strike with the pommel, then you should aim at all his extremities that he sets forward. When you would strike, then hold your sword in the guard over your head and do so, as if you where going to stab him in the face. Then release the sword with your right hand and grab the blade next to your left. Strike with the pommel to his forward foot or his forward hand, whilst he holds the sword on the blade. You will also strike from the right lower guard.</p>
+
<p>As above hold your sword with both hands - holding it with the grip under the right armpit and place the hilt (in) on your breast on the right, so that the point sticks out to your opponent.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 107v.png|1|lbl=107v|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 108r.png|1|lbl=108r|p=1}}
+
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 101r.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}}
 +
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 092r.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 100v.png|1|lbl=100v}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>[70] Beware therefore if he strikes to your forward knee or forward hand and set him aside with the pieces described earlier so that he cannot hurt you.</p>
+
| <p>[87] </p>
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 108r.png|2|lbl=-}}
+
 
 +
<p>In this guard you should come from all previous mentioned. Also when you have stabbed him to the opening and fixed the point in his armour then wind the hilt constantly in front of your breast and push him from you. And don't let him detatch from your point. So he can neither stand still, hew or stab.</p>
 +
| <p><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 101r.png|5|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 101v.png|1|lbl=101v|p=1}}
 +
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 092r.jpg|6|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 100v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 
  
|}
+
|-
{{master end}}
+
|
 +
| <p>[88] </p>
 +
 
 +
<p>When you have applied it and he has a longer reach than you, then push him thus from you, so that the point sticks out above and is set well into the rings of the chain mail.</p>
 +
| <p><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 101v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 +
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 092v.jpg|1|lbl=92v}}
 +
|
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>[89] If he has a shorter reach than you let the pommel of your sword drop to your right hip and the point will jut out above and stick in the rings, just as above. Thus press him away from you and don't release him from the sword.</p>
 +
|
 +
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 101v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 102r.png|1|lbl=102r|p=1}}
 +
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 092v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 +
|
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>[90] {{red|b=1|The before and the after in the fight/fence}}<br/><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
<p>Before and after the two things<br/>teach testing wisely with springing away</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>You should in all things know the before and after. Because all skill in the fight comes from it. Take note, that you come before him with strikes and stabs, then he must move. And straight away, when he binds with his sword, set your techniques on, so he cannot get his techniques through your assult. This is the before.</p>
 +
|
 +
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 102r.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 102v.png|1|lbl=102v|p=1}}
 +
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 092v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 +
| <p><br/><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
<p><br/><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
<p><br/><br/>{{section|Page:MS Var.82 102r.png|2|lbl=102r|p=1}}</p>
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>[91] </p>
 +
 
 +
<p>The after are all pieces (breaks) against the techniques that he sets against you. When it occurs, that you must set him aside. Then from that setting aside immediately use your point to find his next opening. So you go straight away from being defensive to being offensive. This is the after.</p>
 +
|
 +
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 102v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 103r.png|1|lbl=103r|p=1}}
 +
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 092v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 102r.png|3|lbl=-}}
  
=== Temporary division ===
+
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>[92] </p>
 +
 
 +
<p>You should therefore respect that in the fight/fence you take no more than a step towards or away from him. When he is faster than you and you can no longer set him aside, then go backwards one step only with your left foot and be aware that you can step back in with the left foot and set in again or seize him with the wrestle.</p>
 +
| <p><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 103r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 +
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 093r.jpg|1|lbl=93r}}
 +
| <p><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 102r.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 102v.png|1|lbl=102v|p=1}}
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>[93] {{red|b=1|The travelling after with the sword in the battle fence.}}</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>Follow all hits<br/>with strength if you will weaken him<br/>If he guards then disengage<br/>stab as he goes backward<br/>If he fights extended, <br/>then be artfully instructed</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>You should use the travelling after against the strong fencer, that with outstretched arms, long reach fights. But otherwise possesses nothing else from the art.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 103v.png|1|lbl=103v}}
 +
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 093r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 102v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>[94] </p>
 +
 
 +
<p>Position yourself against him in a guard. Stands he also in a guard opposite. That if he pulls his sword, if he wants to rake or lift up to strike, then go with your point to his next opening before he can complete his strike or stab. If he comes really early before with the sword (pulls out) at the same time without aiming for your opening. Then you can jerk through suddenly. And always set the jerk on, when he only strikes at the sword. So you come to the arm breaks and to other breaks (pieces) and this is the art against those.</p>
 +
| <p><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 103v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 104r.png|1|lbl=104r|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 104v.png|1|lbl=104v|p=1}}
 +
|
 +
{{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 093r.jpg|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 093v.jpg|1|lbl=93v|p=1}}
 +
| <p><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 102v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 103r.png|1|lbl=103r|p=1}}
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>[95] {{red|b=1|The set to}}<br/><br/><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
<p>If he grabs on strong<br/>in the shot face him on</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>When he has set to you and pushes you back, then stab him in the palm of the hand, which holds the sword in the middle. When he the hands reversed, then stab up from below again in the same guard.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 104v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 +
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 093v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 101r.png|1|lbl=101r}}
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>[96] </p>
 +
|
 +
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 093v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 +
|
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>[97] </p>
 +
|
 +
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 093v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 +
|
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>[98] Or stab him into the arm, in from behind the glove (gauntlet), and when the stab fits, then step to the front, then you open this side and moreover win the advantage.</p>
 +
|
 +
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 104v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 105r.png|1|lbl=105r|p=1}}
 +
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 094r.jpg|1|lbl=94r}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 101r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>[99] Or stab through over his forward hand and press down from above. Place your hilt on your breast and set to him.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 105r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 +
|
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 101r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>[100] </p>
 +
 
 +
<p>When he has set to your left armpit, then step back with the left foot, therefore his point goes under with it. But yours stays fixed. You can also increase your sword's reach, when you set your pommel against your breast.</p>
 +
| <p><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 105r.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 105v.png|1|lbl=105v|p=1}}
 +
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 094r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 +
| <p><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 101r.png|4|lbl=-}}
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>[101] </p>
 +
|
 +
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 094r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 +
|
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>[102] {{red|b=1|The strike with the pommel. Defence against the strike with the pommel.}}</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>If he shoots with the striking point<br/>Meet without force<br/>Teach to twist the point<br/>with both hands to the eyes</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>The "percussive point" is the strike with the pommel. When he comes over with a strong strike in this way,</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 105v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 +
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 094r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 101r.png|5|lbl=-}}<br/><br/>
 +
 
 +
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 101v.png|1|lbl=101v|p=1}}
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>[103] <br/><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
<p>then hold the sword over your left knee in the lower guard. If he then strikes to your head - and is a strong man - then strike his strike with your swoord in front of your left hand over to his right. And drive in with the sword in the upper guard.</p>
 +
| <p><br/><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 105v.png|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 106r.png|1|lbl=106r|p=1}}
 +
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 094r.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
 +
 
 +
{{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 094v.jpg|1|lbl=94v}}
 +
| <p><br/><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 101v.png|2|lbl=-}}
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>[104] </p>
 +
|
 +
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 094v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 +
|
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>[105] '''The second defence:'''</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>If he is as weak as you, then step into him, catch the strike on your sword between your hands and set your point at his face.</p>
 +
| <p><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 106r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 +
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 094v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 +
| <p><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 101v.png|3|lbl=-}}
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>[106] </p>
 +
 
 +
<p>When you catch the pommel strike in the middle of your sword under the hilt, then tear over with your pommel to your right side, then you'll take his sword.</p>
 +
| <p><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 106r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 +
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 094v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 +
| <p><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 101v.png|4|lbl=-}}
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>[107] </p>
 +
 
 +
<p>If he strikes to your left knee, then catch the strike between your hands so that your pommel juts down and drive the pommel through under his sword and tear it up on your right side, so you tear the sword from his hands.</p>
 +
| <p><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 106r.png|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 106v.png|1|lbl=106v|p=1}}
 +
|
 +
{{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 094v.jpg|5|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 095r.jpg|1|lbl=95r|p=1}}
 +
| <p><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 102r.png|1|lbl=102r|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Var.82 100r.png|2|lbl=100r|p=1}}
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>[108] </p>
 +
 
 +
<p>If he strikes underneath at your foot then strike down against his strike with your pommel. Then jump to him and wrestle.</p>
 +
| <p><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
{{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 106v.png|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 107r.png|1|lbl=107r|p=1}}
 +
| {{section|page:MS E.1939.65.341 095r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 +
| <p><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
{{section|Page:MS Var.82 100r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>[109] When you hold your sword on your right side in the lower guard, and he strikes with the pommel to your point, and takes it out wide. Then straight way jump near to him, so that he strikes over beyond you - at the same time you cannot pass - and set the point on him.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 107r.png|2|lbl=-}}
 +
|
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 100r.png|4|lbl=-}}
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>[110] You will always use travelling after and setting in, whilst he draws out with the pommel.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Dresd.C.487 107r.png|3|lbl=-}}
 +
|
 +
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 100r.png|5|lbl=-}}
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>[111] {{red|b=1|Assault with the pommel}}<br/><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
<p>You must guard<br/>the forward foot with the strike</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>When you strike with the pommel, then you should aim at all his extremities that he sets forward. When you would strike, then hold your sword in the guard over your head and do so, as if you where going to stab him in the face. Then release the sword with your right hand and grab the blade next to your left. Strike with the pommel to his forward foot or his forward hand, whilst he holds the sword on the blade. You will also strike from the right lower guard.</p>
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Revision as of 00:57, 19 July 2015

Sigmund Schining ain Ringeck
Period 15th century
Occupation Fencing master
Nationality German
Patron Albrecht, Duke of Bavaria
Movement Society of Liechtenauer
Influences Johannes Liechtenauer
Influenced
Genres Fencing manual
Language Early New High German
Archetype(s) Hypothetical
Manuscript(s)
First printed
english edition
Tobler, 2001
Concordance by Michael Chidester
Translations

Sigmund Schining ain Ringeck (Sigmund ain Ringeck, Sigmund Amring, Sigmund Einring, Sigmund Schining) was a 15th century German fencing master. While the meaning of the surname "Schining" is uncertain, the suffix "ein Ringeck" may indicate that he came from the Rhineland region of south-eastern Germany. He is named in the text as Schirmaister to Albrecht, Count Palatine of Rhine and Duke of Bavaria. This may signify Schirrmeister, a logistical officer charged with overseeing the wagons and horse-drawn artillery pieces, or potentially Schirmmeister, a title used by lower-class itinerant fencing masters in the Medieval period.[1] Apart from his service to the duke, the only thing that can be determined about his life is that his renown as a master was sufficient for Paulus Kal to include him on his memorial to the masters of the Society of Liechtenauer in 1470.[2]

The identity of Ringeck's patron remains unclear, as four men named Albrecht ruled Bavaria during the fifteenth century; assuming that Ringeck was a personal student of Liechtenauer, further narrows the list down to just two. If the MS 3227a is correctly dated to 1389, then Liechtenauer was a 14th century master and Ringeck's patron was Albrecht I, who reigned from 1353 to 1404. If, as increasingly seems likely, Liechtenauer was an early 15th century master (an associate or student of H. Beringer) and the Society of Liechtenauer was assembled to fight in the Hussite Wars of the 1420s and 30s, then Ringeck's patron would have been Albrecht III, who carried the title from 1438 to 1460.[3] Albrecht IV claimed the title in 1460 and thus also could have been Ringeck's patron; this would probably signify that Ringeck was not a direct student of Liechtenauer at all, but a later inheritor of the tradition. That said, Albrecht IV lived until 1508 and so the Dresden, Glasgow, and Salzburg manuscripts were likely created during his reign.

Ringeck is often erroneously credited as the author of the MS Dresd.C.487. Ringeck was indeed the author of one of the core texts, a complete gloss of Liechtenauer's Recital on unarmored long sword fencing, and he may also have authored a set of teachings that sometimes accompany the gloss on fencing from a low guard called side guard or iron gate; the glosses of Liechtenauer's short sword and mounted fencing found therein are generally assumed to also be Ringeck's, though they don't mention his name. However, the remainder of the manuscript contains an assortment of treatises by several different masters in the tradition, and it is currently thought to have been composed in the early 16th century[4] (putting it after the master's presumed lifetime). Regardless, the fact that he authored one of the few glosses of the Recital makes Ringeck one of the most important masters of the Liechtenauer tradition.

While it was not duplicated nearly as often as the more famous gloss of Pseudo-Peter von Danzig, Ringeck's work nevertheless seems to have had a lasting influence. Not only was it reproduced by Joachim Meÿer in his final manuscript (left unfinished at his death in 1571), but in 1539 Hans Medel von Salzburg took it upon himself to create an update and revision of Ringeck's Bloßfechten gloss, integrating his own commentary in many places.

Stemma

Ringeck's writings seem to be based on the gloss of the anonymous author known as pseudo-Peter von Danzig, which is attested from the 1450s; it is also possible that pseudo-Danzig was Ringeck and the gloss attributed to Ringeck is simply the only branch of the larger stemma that retained its attribution (though that can't be demonstrated with existing information). Compared to the pseudo-Danzig gloss, Ringeck's descriptions are often slightly shorter and contain fewer variations; Ringeck does, however, include a number of unique plays not discussed in the other. Unlike the 15th century versions of pseudo-Danzig, Ringeck's long sword gloss was probably extensively illustrated: both the MS E.1939.65.341 (Glasgow) and MS Var.82 (Rostock) constantly refer readers to these illustrations, and it appears that the MS Dresd.C.487 (Dresden)'s scribe attempted to remove all such references (one remains intact,[5] one merely dropped the word "pictured",[6] and one was inexplicably replaced by the word "gloss"[7]).

Stemma codicum for Ringeck

The earliest extant version of Ringeck's gloss (apart from the segments that are identical with the pseudo-Danzig) consists of just seven paragraphs added by Hans von Speyer as addenda to certain sections of the pseudo-Danzig gloss in his 1491 manuscript MS M.I.29 (Salzburg).[8] An eighth paragraph was integrated by Speyer into pseudo-Danzig's introduction to the Krumphaw, so that Ringeck's explanation of how to use the Krump as a counter-cut balances pseudo-Danzig's explanation of how to use it to break the guard Ochs.

The early 16th century saw three significant versions created, two including substantial portions of the text. Dresden, which has been by far the subject of the most previous research, has been dated by watermark analysis to 1504-19,[4] and thus was likely created in or shortly after that time-frame. It is the most extensive version of Ringeck's work, but unfortunately it also seems to be a hasty, error-ridden copy with frequent deletions, insertions, spelling errors, word confusion, and critical omissions (including key words like subjects and verbs, and even whole lines of verse); the majority of paragraphs also seem to have been shortened or truncated, most references to Ringeck's illustrations have been dropped (as detailed above), and the text stops abruptly in the middle of gloss of the mounted fencing verses.

The 1508[9] Gasgow, in contrast, is written in a clear and tidy hand and its long sword gloss includes 31 painted, if somewhat low-grade, illustrations (presumably copies of the originals). Its text is generally longer than equivalent passages in the Dresden, including additional information and variations, but it appears to be incomplete in its present form: the first 39 paragraphs of the Dreden's long sword gloss have no equivalent in the extant manuscript, which begins in the middle of the Twerhaw.

The third version from this period is another fragment, published by Freifechter Andre Paurñfeyndt in 1516 as part of his treatise Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey ("Foundation of the Chivalric Art of Swordplay")[10] and containing only the material on fencing from low guards; in characteristic fashion, Paurñfeyndt does not attribute this material to Ringeck. The section is illustrated by the same crude woodblock art as the rest of his book, though their connection to Ringeck's original text is doubtful. (Paurñfeyndt's text would be reprinted by Christian Egenolff four times between the 1530s and 1558,[11] transcribed by Lienhart Sollinger into the Cod. I.6.2º.2 in 1564,[12] and translated to Walloon and printed by Willem Vorsterman in 1538.[13])

The remaining two versions of Ringeck's text come from later in the 16th century. In 1553, Paulus Hector Mair produced the Reichstadt Nr. 82 (Augsburg) based on the papers of the late master Antonius Rast.[14] Included in this manuscript was a version of the pseudo-Danzig long sword gloss that was largely complete up to couplet 95 of the Recital where, with no explanation, it switches over to Ringeck's gloss for the remainder of the text (speculatively, perhaps the rest of Rast's copy of Ringeck was not among the papers Mair purchased and so he attempted to fill the gap using the copy of pseudo-Danzig that he owned).

The final version, Rostock, was created by Freifechter Joachim Meÿer between 1563 and his death in 1571 and is the third substantial version (along with Dresden and Glasgow). It contains nearly all of Ringeck's presumed gloss of the short sword verses, but only an abbreviated (thought still extensive) version of the long sword gloss. Rostock's long sword gloss only includes key passages and omits most of the follow-on plays to each of the Haupstucke, and also omits the entire section on fencing from the low guards; like Glasgow it directs readers to consult Ringeck's illustrations, but unlike Glasgow these illustrations were never added to the manuscript (nor was room left for them).

All six extant versions of Ringeck's gloss are thus fragmentary, but enough text remains in each to demonstrate a lack of interdependence (apart from Augsburg, which could conceivably derive from Glasgow if the scribe were particularly careless). Each of the other five manuscripts has a unique constellation of plays which can be authenticated from other versions, but do not match any other single version to have been copied from it. All appear therefore to proceed separately from the lost original, unless we suppose that someone gathered up multiple copies to compile a new one (but even that supposition could only account for Rostock, not the others).

Due to the fragmentary nature of the stemma at the moment and the lack of anything resembling an autograph or archetype, for the long sword translation below all versions were treated as co-authoritative: whenever feasible the longest sample was given preference, and the differences between versions detailed in the footnotes.

(A final text of interest is the 1539 treatise of Hans Medel von Salzburg,[15] which was acquired by Mair and bound into the Cod. I.6.2º.5 after 1566.[16] Medel demonstrates familiarity with the teachings of a variety of 15th century Liechtenauer masters, including pseudo-Danzig and Hans Seydenfaden von Erfurt, but his writings primarily take the form of a revision and expansion of Ringeck's long sword gloss. While enough of Ringeck's original text survives Medel's editing that it too can be shown to not derive from any other surviving manuscript, the amount of unique and altered content is such that it will not be referenced in the translation below.)

Treatise

Additional Resources

  • Lindholm, David and Svard, Peter. Sigmund Ringeck's Knightly Art of the Longsword. Boulder, CO: Paladin Press, 2003. ISBN 978-1-58160-410-8
  • Lindholm, David and Svard, Peter. Sigmund Ringeck's Knightly Arts of Combat: Sword-and-Buckler Fighting, Wrestling, and Fighting in Armor. Boulder, CO: Paladin Press, 2006. ISBN 978-1-58160-499-3
  • Tobler, Christian Henry. Secrets of German Medieval Swordsmanship. Highland Village, TX: Chivalry Bookshelf, 2001. ISBN 1-891448-07-2
  • Żabiński, Grzegorz. The Longsword Teachings of Master Liechtenauer. The Early Sixteenth Century Swordsmanship Comments in the "Goliath" Manuscript. Poland: Adam Marshall, 2010. ISBN 978-83-7611-662-4

References

  1. Jens P. Kleinau. "Schirrmeister, Schermeister, Schirmmeister". Hans Talhoffer ~ A Historical Martial Arts blog by Jens P. Kleinau], 2011. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
  2. The Society of Liechtenauer is recorded in three versions of Paulus Kal's treatise: MS 1825 (1460s), Cgm 1570 (ca. 1470), and MS KK5126 (1480s).
  3. For a different perspective, see Christian Henry Tobler. "Chicken and Eggs: Which Master Came First?" In Saint George's Name: An Anthology of Medieval German Fighting Arts. Wheaton, IL: Freelance Academy Press, 2010.
  4. 4.0 4.1 Werner J. Hoffmann. "Mscr.Dresd.C.487: Siegmund am Ringeck, Fechtlehre". Tiefenerschließung und Digitalisierung der deutschsprachigen mittelalterlichen Handschriften der Sächsischen Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek (SLUB) Dresden. Retrieved 26 May 2015.
  5. Dresden fol. 31r.
  6. Dresden fol. 20r.
  7. Dresden fol. 27r.
  8. MS M.I.29 is signed and internally dated on folio 158r.
  9. MS E.1939.65.341 is internally dated on folio 22r.
  10. Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey is internally dated on page K4r.
  11. The first three printings of Der Altenn Fechter anfengliche Kunst are undated, but the first edition must have been printed between 1531, when Egenolff set up his shop in Frankfurt-am-Main, and Hans Weiditz' death in 1537. The second and third editions were released some time before Egenolff's own death in 1555; in 1558, Egenolff's heirs published a fourth edition, dated on page XLVIIv of the fourth edition.
  12. The material in Cod. I.6.2º.2 based on Paurñfeyndt is internally dated on folio 71r
  13. La noble science des ioueurs d'espee is internally dated on page 35v.
  14. The origin of Reichstadt Nr. 82 is detailed on folio IIr.
  15. Medel's section of the Cod. I.6.2º.5 is internally dated on folio 21r.
  16. The record of the Marxbrüder in the manuscript ends on folio 20r with the year 1566, so Mair couldn't have acquired it before then.
  17. 17.00 17.01 17.02 17.03 17.04 17.05 17.06 17.07 17.08 17.09 17.10 17.11 17.12 17.13 17.14 17.15 17.16 17.17 17.18 17.19 17.20 17.21 17.22 17.23 17.24 17.25 17.26 17.27 17.28 17.29 17.30 17.31 17.32 17.33 17.34 17.35 17.36 17.37 17.38 17.39 17.40 17.41 17.42 17.43 17.44 17.45 17.46 17.47 17.48 17.49 17.50 17.51 17.52 17.53 17.54 17.55 17.56 17.57 17.58 17.59 17.60 17.61 Word omitted from the Dresden.
  18. "Known as" omitted from the Dresden.
  19. D. schirmaiste~, R. schiermeister.
  20. Count Palatine
  21. Duke
  22. "and pictured" omitted from the Dresden.
  23. Corrected from »am«.
  24. 24.0 24.1 24.2 Line omitted from the Dresden.
  25. darhauen: To chop down, to fell.
  26. Lit: cut the cuts.
  27. D. Zeck: Tick; R. Zeckruhr: Insect bites.
  28. Possibly "strongly desire to execute".
  29. 29.0 29.1 "Note, this is" omitted from the Dresden.
  30. "You shall" omitted from the Rostock.
  31. Lit: "Before the moment he comes with his to you".
  32. wiederhalten: lit. "hold against"; to withstand, resist.
  33. Alternately: weapons.
  34. D. Wer dz wäre: "Whoever defends these".
  35. Alternately: avow, legally promise.
  36. Possibly "wages".
  37. Lit: "cut other cuts".
  38. "In the same five cuts" omitted from the Rostock.
  39. ober is an adjective, oben is an adverb.
  40. R. "the".
  41. 41.00 41.01 41.02 41.03 41.04 41.05 41.06 41.07 41.08 41.09 41.10 41.11 41.12 41.13 41.14 41.15 41.16 41.17 41.18 41.19 41.20 41.21 41.22 41.23 41.24 41.25 41.26 41.27 41.28 41.29 41.30 41.31 41.32 41.33 41.34 41.35 41.36 41.37 41.38 41.39 41.40 41.41 41.42 41.43 41.44 41.45 Clause omitted from the Dresden.
  42. 42.0 42.1 "This is" omitted from the Dresden.
  43. abrucken: "removere" (remove), "absetzen" (set-aside).
  44. D. wider[sic]: "again".
  45. 45.0 45.1 45.2 45.3 45.4 45.5 D. "the".
  46. D. bind: "bind-in".
  47. R. Jun ger [sic].
  48. R. dem krieg: "the war".
  49. D. hurten: "to rush".
  50. "the cut, or thrust, or slice" omitted from the Dresden.
  51. "nor thrust… slice" omitted from the Rostock.
  52. 52.0 52.1 52.2 52.3 52.4 Sentence omitted from the Rostock.
  53. 53.0 53.1 53.2 53.3 53.4 53.5 53.6 53.7 53.8 Word omitted from the Rostock.
  54. Alternately: ponder, weigh, calculate, estimate, consider.
  55. Alternately: avenge, take full legal retribution.
  56. Alternately: straight, upright, properly.
  57. D. schüczen, R. behuetẽ.
  58. Rostock cuts off at this point and picks up in the middle of the sixth subsequent play, probably indicating a missing page.
  59. Alternately: part, piece.
  60. aufkrummen: Lat. sursum torquere, twist, turn or bend up; twist, turn, bend, or cast back; avert, deflect .
  61. 61.0 61.1 61.2 61.3 Word omitted from the Salzburg.
  62. Sic, lit. "your".
  63. "the opening" omitted from the Salzburg.
  64. S. "the over- or under-cut".
  65. Possibly "it".
  66. S. vß gestreckten: "outstretched".
  67. Sentence omitted from the Salzburg; instead, it nonsensically concludes with the final few lines of the pPvD gloss: wol vff die rechte~ site~ vnd schlag in mit der langen schnide~ vß gekrutzten armen vber sin hende ~, "well on your right side and strike-in with the long edge from crossed arms over his hands".
  68. Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29), ff 18v-19r
  69. Likely a scribal error here, omitting a verb.
  70. Rostock begins again at this point.
  71. "Cut" omitted from the Dresden.
  72. D. "above"
  73. S. "so".
  74. "When you… well, and" omitted from the Rostock and the Salzburg.
  75. Clause omitted from the Dresden; this seems to be an abbreviated explanation of the previous play, which is skipped entirely in the Rostock.
  76. R., S. "the crooked-cut".
  77. D. "you".
  78. R., S. "to".
  79. D. "Gloss"; clause omitted from the Salzburg.
  80. S. "guard himself".
  81. "Komp" added below the line in a different hand.
  82. Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29), ff 20v-21r
  83. "Stand with… shoulder, and" omitted from the Dresden.
  84. D. "thwart".
  85. 85.0 85.1 Alternately, wiederhalten: to struggle or resist.
  86. Word omitted from the Glasgow, the Rostock, and the Salzburg.
  87. "Or otherwise" omitted from the Salzburg.
  88. "-cut" omitted from the Dresden, the Glasgow, and the Rostock.
  89. Clause omitted from the Dresden; struck out in the Rostock.
  90. 90.0 90.1 Clause omitted from the Dresden and the Rostock.
  91. Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29), ff 21v
  92. R. "wind".
  93. "with the over-cut" omitted from the Glasgow.
  94. R. unternn: "lower".
  95. "Next to" omitted from the Rostock.
  96. Glasgow adds albeg: "always, continually".
  97. Or "connects"; alternately: rouses, stirs (ostensibly your opponent).
  98. "This is" omitted from the Glasgow and the Rostock.
  99. "Will strike" omitted from the Dresden.
  100. G. twerhaw: "thwart-cut".
  101. R. "wind".
  102. "Or left" omitted from the Glasgow.
  103. Everything from "and steal away" to the end of the sentence is omitted from the Dresden.
  104. Alternately: to turn around.
  105. "And strike in" omitted from the Dresden.
  106. D. "is".
  107. "With that… arms and" omitted from the Dresden.
  108. 108.0 108.1 D. "right".
  109. D. mit auß: "with from".
  110. As a thief would break into a house.
  111. 111.0 111.1 111.2 111.3 Word omitted from the Glasgow and the Rostock.
  112. Word is doubled in the Glasgow.
  113. annehmen: receive, accept, take up, assume, claim, obtain, etc.
  114. "Into the weak of his sword" omitted from the Rostock
  115. "Upright, elevated, straight, at a right angle"; Glasgow gives auff gerackten, which may be a misspelling of pPvD's aus gestrackten, "out-stretched".
  116. "With up-right arms" omitted from the Rostock.
  117. "And strike… right shoulder" omitted from the Rostock.
  118. 118.0 118.1 118.2 Clause omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.
  119. R. "pictured here".
  120. 120.00 120.01 120.02 120.03 120.04 120.05 120.06 120.07 120.08 120.09 120.10 120.11 120.12 120.13 120.14 120.15 120.16 120.17 120.18 120.19 120.20 120.21 120.22 120.23 120.24 120.25 120.26 120.27 120.28 Word omitted from the Glasgow.
  121. Corrected from »seiner«.
  122. S. bestetigstu: "to plant".
  123. G. abent: "evening", clearly an error; Medel: anwinden: "winding-upon".
  124. 124.00 124.01 124.02 124.03 124.04 124.05 124.06 124.07 124.08 124.09 124.10 Word omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.
  125. "To his point" omitted from the Rostock.
  126. "To his point" omitted from the Glasgow.
  127. R. includes couplet 64 with this gloss.
  128. R. denn Schaytler: "the parter".
  129. 129.0 129.1 129.2 129.3 Clause omitted from the Rostock.
  130. D. der lange: "long, high, tall, or lofty".
  131. "To his head" omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.
  132. "If he parries" omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.
  133. einhangen: to adhere, stick to, cleave to, hold on to, engage deeply.
  134. "With the long… and thrust him" omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.
  135. Kehr has two etymologies: one is "to turn", the other is "to sweep away" or to "carry off"; the gloss supports the first derivation.
  136. Alternately: strongly, firmly, steadfastly.
  137. R. includes this couplet with the previous gloss.
  138. G., R., S. "Item".
  139. D. "hang-in"; "strike-in and" omitted.
  140. "the point" omitted from the Salzburg".
  141. Word omitted from the Glasgow and the Rostock.
  142. D., G., R. "you".
  143. D., G., S. "the".
  144. "In the parrying" omitted from the Salzburg and the Rostock.
  145. "Of the parter" omitted from the Dresden, the Rostock, and the Salzburg.
  146. S. fast vber sich: "firmly upward".
  147. Clause omitted from the Dresden, the Glasgow, and the Salzburg.
  148. "His hands" omitted from the Dresden, the Glasgow, and the Salzburg.
  149. R. "here".
  150. 150.0 150.1 Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29), ff 28v
  151. Rostock combines the glosses for couplets 65-67 into a single paragraph; they have been separated here according to their presentation in Dresden and Glasgow.
  152. D., G. Schon, lit. "already", "yet".
  153. D. stuch, R. stich: "press the thrust".
  154. Word omitted from the Dresden, the Glasgow, and the Salzburg.
  155. 155.0 155.1 Clause omitted from the Dresden, the Rostock, and the Salzburg.
  156. S. "well broken".
  157. "From the under-slice" omitted from the Salzburg.
  158. "And wind your sword… withdraw yourself" omitted from the Rostock.
  159. imperative of fliehen.
  160. "Note, this" omitted from the Dresden.
  161. "Will be" omitted from the Glasgow.
  162. 162.0 162.1 162.2 162.3 "Is called" omitted from the Dresden
  163. "with the hilt" omitted from the Dresden.
  164. G. auß gestrackten: "upstretched".
  165. "It all" omitted from the Dresden.
  166. "In this book" omitted from the Glasgow.
  167. G. "Guard yourself parrying crossed in front".
  168. D. instead continues "that the four parryings, they are the four cuts".
  169. Setzen", possibly a shortening of versetzen, "parries".
  170. D. "oxen".
  171. S. Item
  172. R. "This is when one parries your over-cut"; S. "If your over-cut is parried and it comes nearing upon him".
  173. D. "in front of".
  174. G., S. versetzte: "parried".
  175. Word omitted from the Dresden, the Glasgow, and the Rostock.
  176. 176.0 176.1 Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29), ff 31r
  177. "And wrench… his below" omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.
  178. "The head" omitted from the Salzburg.
  179. 179.0 179.1 Clause omitted from the Dresden and the Salzburg.
  180. S. "also".
  181. G. mit dem schwert: "with the sword".
  182. D. "grasp with the sword".
  183. G. magst: "may".
  184. 184.0 184.1 184.2 G. "the".
  185. Alternately: defense.
  186. "A strike" omitted from the Dresden.
  187. "And hit him" omitted from the Rostock.
  188. 188.0 188.1 "The moment" omitted from the Dresden.
  189. D. wieder-kommen: to meet, to encounter, to run into".
  190. "Or fall… from you" omitted from the Rostock.
  191. Corrected from »dem«.
  192. Line omitted from the Rostock.
  193. R. "or".
  194. "If he then" omitted from the Rostock".
  195. D. haw: "cut".
  196. geim: "watchfully, to observe, cautiously, with foresight".
  197. Word omitted from the Glasgow and the Salzburg.
  198. S. "the feeling work thusly".
  199. "You come… onset and" omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.
  200. S. "soft or hard".
  201. S. "feeling".
  202. "To the nearest opening" omitted from the Salzburg.
  203. D., G. gewar, S. ÿnnen.
  204. Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29), ff 33v
  205. Word omitted from the Dresden and the Salzburg.
  206. mitmachen: "join, unite, combine, participate".
  207. D. blitzscht: "flashes".
  208. D. "Item".
  209. G. "note".
  210. Schier has the sense of approaching quickly and closely.
  211. Zucken has the connotation of pulling something hard or quickly, like yanking or snatching; there is an essence of agitation in the pull.
  212. "On the sword" omitted from the Dresden.
  213. Beginning of sentence in Glasgow reads "and work swiftly with the doubling.
  214. D. "(and with other plays)".
  215. 215.0 215.1 Sentence omitted from the Dresden.
  216. 216.0 216.1 R. "hang down behind you".
  217. G. "next to this".
  218. R. "when in the running-in he also drives-up with the arms".
  219. Word omitted from the Dresden and the Rostock.
  220. Corrected from »dim«.
  221. Line omitted from the Glasgow.
  222. D. "left hand inverted".
  223. 223.0 223.1 D. "your".
  224. "With an inverted hand" omitted from the Dresden.
  225. 225.0 225.1 G. "his".
  226. "Thus you" omitted from the Glasgow.
  227. Corrected from »rechtem«.
  228. Corrected from »sinem«.
  229. D. "One other wrestling at the sword".
  230. 230.0 230.1 230.2 230.3 Clause omitted from the Glasgow.
  231. Sentence omitted from the Glasgow.
  232. D. "A sword taking".
  233. Read: "attacks".
  234. "With strength" omitted from the Glasgow.
  235. 235.0 235.1 G. far: "drive".
  236. D. "Yet another slice".
  237. "He then" omitted from the Dresden.
  238. "And press… pictured here" omitted from the Dresden.
  239. G. "your".
  240. "With that" omitted from the Dresden.
  241. "With the slice" omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.
  242. Clause omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.
  243. Remainder of fragments from Rast Fechtbuch (Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82), ff 13r-14v
  244. "With him" omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.
  245. "Or test" omitted from the Dresden.
  246. Sentence omitted from the Augsburg and the Dresden.
  247. sach: thing, or disagreement, contention, dispute, or the thing underlying the disagreement, contention or dispute.
  248. 248.0 248.1 248.2 248.3 248.4 248.5 248.6 Word omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.
  249. A. "and".
  250. 250.0 250.1 250.2 250.3 250.4 250.5 Sentence omitted from the Augsburg and the Dresden.
  251. The word »es« is almost illegible.
  252. 252.0 252.1 252.2 252.3 252.4 252.5 Word omitted from the Augsburg.
  253. nachbinden: "attach to the end or behind something".
  254. "With the long edge" omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.
  255. "From the sword" omitted from the Dresden.
  256. "With the point" omitted from the Dresden.
  257. D. "or"; word omitted from the Augsburg.
  258. abziechen.
  259. D. Mörck Ee: "Note, before".
  260. "Too closely" omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.
  261. "When he… the sword" omitted from the Dresden.
  262. A., D. "the".
  263. D. "cuts from above to below".
  264. Corrected from »ausgerattñ«.
  265. D. "to the other side to the opening".
  266. "Your sword" omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.
  267. Sentence omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.
  268. "Art of" omitted from the Dresden.
  269. A., D. "shortened for you to understand".
  270. "Quite well" omitted from the Augsburg.
  271. Dresden reverses these.
  272. "Also so that… play" omitted from the Dresden.
  273. wägen: "to have weight, to lay on a scale, to estimate"; it has a bunch of other senses that are provocative to the action at hand, such as: "to poise, balance, to stir up or agitate, to incite a response", but there's not enough in the text to make it a defensible choice.
  274. "And properly estimate" omitted from the Dresden.
  275. "The sword" omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.
  276. D. "understand".
  277. "With strength" omitted from the Dresden.
  278. "And thrust" omitted from the Dresden.
  279. "Of the" omitted from the Glasgow.
  280. "-In the point above" omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.
  281. A. "over-windings-upon".
  282. A. "and".
  283. D. "and"; omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.
  284. "And shall" omitted from the Augsburg and the Glasgow.
  285. "You step towards" omitted from the Dresden.
  286. D. "wounder".
  287. D. nebenhůtten: "side-guard"; G. Eysenen pfort, "iron-gate"; P. uses both interchangeably in this section.
  288. streichn.
  289. D. "Here note to fence from the side-guards, that is, also the sweeps"; P. "Play in the sweeping-upon".
  290. wiewohl.
  291. G. "Item. Know that one shall execute the sweeps from the iron-gate from the left side because it is not as certain from the right."
  292. 292.00 292.01 292.02 292.03 292.04 292.05 292.06 292.07 292.08 292.09 292.10 292.11 292.12 292.13 292.14 292.15 292.16 Word omitted from Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey.
  293. Clause omitted from the Dresden and Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey.
  294. P. "from his right shoulder".
  295. wiederhalten: lit. "hold against"; "to withstand, resist".
  296. einduplieren.
  297. 297.0 297.1 P. "ear".
  298. "As before" omitted from Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey.
  299. "-Around quickly" omitted from Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey.
  300. "The man and the sword" replaced by "his" in Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey.
  301. "And low with the hands" omitted from the Glasgow.
  302. "-in straight" omitted from the Dresden and Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey.
  303. "At hand" omitted from Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey.
  304. "To your left side" omitted from the Glasgow.
  305. "Off from the sword and strike" omitted from the Dresden.
  306. D. haüpt, G. kopf.
  307. "You lay… guard, or" omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.
  308. stoß; this could either be to stab him or hit him.
  309. "Him under his sword" omitted from the Dresden and Glasgow.
  310. Word omitted from the Dresden and Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey.
  311. P. farñ: "drive".
  312. "Side of" omitted from the Dresden and Glasgow.
  313. "Behind his neck" omitted from Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey.
  314. Marginalia: The word schrit ("a step") appears over the word "sword" in the Dresden, and schret ("a step or make a step") appears under.
  315. obenauf.
  316. D. "opposite".
  317. "As before (to all sides)" omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.
  318. 318.0 318.1 Word omitted from the Glasgow and Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey.
  319. "In front" omitted from the Dresden.
  320. Alternately: "parrying(s)".
  321. næhe: "a boat without mast nor deck".
  322. Corrected from »dem«.
  323. Corrected from »dim«.
  324. P. "side-guard".
  325. "And from… stands forward" omitted from Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey.
  326. Sentence omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.
  327. P. "side-guard".
  328. See næhe above. It is not "the nach" (after) because nach is neuter and would be das nach. G. also writes die neche.
  329. "With that" omitted from Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey.
  330. P. "convenient".
  331. P. "then escape afterwards".
  332. "Bind on" omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.
  333. 333.0 333.1 333.2 Clause omitted from Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey.
  334. "To the other side" omitted from Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey.
  335. P. "So thwart in before to his neck".
  336. P. "From the wrath-cut".
  337. "Fence someone and if [you]" omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.
  338. "With the wrath-cut or otherwise" omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.
  339. P. "arms".
  340. D., G. "will take".
  341. Sic, lit. "you".
  342. "And move… his head" omitted from the Dresden and the Glasgow.
  343. Corrected from »dinem«.
  344. Corrected from »sein«.
  345. Corrected from »seinem«.
  346. The rest vanishes in the binding.
  347. Corrected from »dam«.
  348. Corrected from »dem«.
  349. Corrected from »vchsel«.
  350. Corrected from »mit«.
  351. Corrected from »geradt«.
  352. The text ends here abruptly, in the middle of a play. Since the page isn't full, it's unclear why the scribe stopped at this point. The subsequent folia come from earlier in the manuscript; they were removed and then added back in at the end.