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User:Kendra Brown/Florius/Side by side
Folia 1-10
01r
There is a small slash near the D which might be read as a comma, but I don’t think it is. I’ve noticed some people call the MS “Florius, de…” – this must be why.
At the same height, in the upper right corner, a numeral 1.
lower: 312, struck through
Large open blackletter “c c e” (as if practicing?), connected to pennanular device with curl at top—is this a logo of some sort?
Stamped, “Bibliotheque Nationale” in red circle
In brown ink, a six-pointed star with two swashes and a circle on a vertical line in the center, with E above the top point (? Could be something else, including S) and S at either side, even with the lower horizontal line.
“Supplt p. 674” in dark brown ink
01v
Vinco mensurans quicquid tentare placeb[ ] Prudentia ¶ Sum celer in cursu subitosque revolv[am][1] in orbes
Nec me currentem superabunt fulmia[2] tigrim. Celeritas Quadrupedum sum fortis apex, audacia
Natura[3] mea quoque polo subsunt. nunc[4] cordis leonem ||[5] vincit
[et superavit][6] quemcumque ergo vocitamus ad arma Audacia
Quae monuit nam potens Potuit [...] in armis
Esse cupit clarus necnon probitate refulgens ¶ Accipiat [documenta] sibi(?) / quae cernit o(?)esse
Pectoribus [nullus] affixe indicitus. Inde
Ille erit [armorum] pr(?) [doc]tus inter amicos.
[below doctus: …et (hand M?)]
[around the master, in red:]
Posta Dominarum Sinistra
Posta fenestrarum dextra
Posta fenestrarum sinistra
Posta longa
Posta brevis
Tota porta ferea
Media porta ferrea
dens apri
¶ I, the Lynx, defeat all things born under the heavens by means of [my] discerning eyes,
to try measuring everything will be satisfying
Prudence
¶ I am swift in the course and I would turn in sudden circles,[9]
and lightning bolts[10] don't surpass me, the Running Tiger.
Swiftness
¶ I, Audacity, am the strong peak of quadrupeds
due to my nature. They are likewise under the pole star. now it conquers
and overcomes the lion of the heart. Therefore we call everyone to arms
Audacity
Behold! We are the four great/distinguished animals [...] hereafter
whose powerful nature advises[11] ... in arms
It seeks to be illustrious and indeed shining with honesty.
[Whosoever] would receive the lessons to themselves
- ↑ The final letters are obliterated; the likeliest candidates are "am" or "or"; we felt the reading with "am" resulted in a better translation overall.
- ↑ This word does not appear in any dictionary. It must be a misspelling of some word related to lightning such as fulmen or a conjugation of fulminare.
- ↑ This was previously read as "Nam"
- ↑ This abbreviation can also be read "nec."
- ↑ This punctuation mark is not used elsewhere in the text, and its meaning is not known. It could be a tie-mark indicating a word written in the margin and labeled with this punctuation should be inserted here.
- ↑ These words are not visible in standard photography; this reading is based on ultraviolet imaging.
- ↑ Only the first and final letters of this word can be read with confidence.
- ↑ The bottom of the page, including the elephant verse, has been cut off.
- ↑ This reading assumes 'revolvam'. The alternate reading with 'revolvor' would be: I am swift in the course and I am turned in the rising and setting spheres. Interestingly, each of the three extant animal verses here includes a prepositional phrase with no parallel in the Italian which can be read as a reference to "the heavens", but in the Tiger's verse we preferred the reading that matched the rest of the Italian better.
- ↑ We're reading fulmia as a shortened form or misspelling of fulmina.
- ↑ moneo also includes negative aspects, like warning
02r
- ¶ En venio retinens muliebrj pectore telum.
Nec vereor terram genibus contingere lentis.
Et feriam variata tamen tua lancea praedet.
Now I carry the spear moving quickly underneath in the manner of the boar's tusk.
And in order that I be able to cause [yours][3] to diverge, I will penetrate the marrows.
¶ Lo, I come, holding back my javelin at the womanly breast.
I don't fear touching the ground due to my flexible knees.
And I would strike, having marked [you] black and blue[4], nevertheless, your lance will lose [the fight]
- ↑ The second line has been over-written to darken worn-away letters. If there were annotations, they have not survived.
- ↑ This pair of verses has a bracket at the end, which has been posited as indicating enjambment of the lines by Mondschein. As there is clearly a period at the end of the first line, this cannot be the case here.
- ↑ The illegible letters could conceivably form tuam, which would support this reading.
- ↑ Variare and variata are from the same verb root, which has the distinct meanings "cause to vary, deviate" and "decorate with contrasting colors." The two verses on this page seem to deliberately use different senses of the verb.
02v
- ¶ Regia forma decet muliebris. teque mucrone[1]
Percutiens contra que furens transmittet ad umbras
Hic animus / faveant illi modo numina caeli.
In medio. tardatus eris refringere[3] tandem
Vulnere letali sonipes[4] tuus ictus abibit.
¶ The royal, womanly form is proper. And this spirit,
striking and raging against you with the tip, sends [you] to the shadows.
Should the gods in heaven favor this method.
¶ Drawing [my] limbs simultaneously inward, I, the Bitter One, grip the javelin
in the middle. You will have been delayed in breaking through [my guard].
In the end, your horse will depart having been struck with deadly wounds.
- ↑ Added later: "de la pointe".
- ↑ Added later: "remoror [!] jaculum".
- ↑ The translator appears to be using 'stringere-refringere' as a pair, as both words are associated with defending and attacking fortified gates, for rhetorical effect; however, English doesn't have a good oppositional pair that also conveys the meanings of the words.
- ↑ Added later: "eqqus". Probably meant to be “equus”, but the two q’s are fairly clear.
03r
¶ Straightforward in opposition, I cause you great pains.
The one fleeing is unable to defend his own body.[4]
¶ That method of carrying surely moves the sword to four plays.
And I strike you straight on with the [sharp] point.
And the limb cuts the openings with a cut.
And lacking your sword, you will again obviously depart from your seat.[5]
That method rarely disappoints a person.
- ↑ Added later: "ego".
- ↑ This word was obliterated somehow (“et” and “cesura” both show uncorrected damage) but has been written over by a later hand in similarly-colored ink. Further, someone has tried to write something above it, perhaps a French equivalent—the superscript is unreadable, but the second word, above cuspide, appears to end in “te” and could be “pointe”. The superscript above “acute” may have been in the D1 or F hand, but not enough is clear. There may have been a superscript above mucronem that was erased, although the remaining strokes look like they may have suffered the same damage as the rest of the page. None of the superscripts are clear enough to certainly identify the hands.
- ↑ A bracket, similar to the enjambment bracket, hangs off the last line.
- ↑ We are working under the assumption that the Latin translator is writing about the figure on the left, instead of the crowned figure. While it is clear that the Italian refers to the crowned figure, the Latin includes nothing about turning, or that this turn is the only option for defense. This is supported by 'Qui' in the second line, which has the 'ego = I' correction from a later hand.
- ↑ Note that the order of the 4 options differs from the original Italian due to the order of verb tenses in the Latin.
03v
Tertius edocuit nam me cum lege magister.[1]
Cautus in ense prior docet hoc me nempe magister.[4]
¶ I pierce the exposed neck with the tip of my sword,
Because the third master thoroughly taught me using a rule.
¶ I terrify the neck with wounds.
The earlier master, cautious in fighting, truly teaches me this, to wound with the sword.
04r
- ¶ Tu pudibundus obhoc ensem vel forte relinques
Vel prostratus humi nullo prohibente iacebis.[5]
Quidque velim de te potero tentare deinde.
¶ You, Shameful One, will either abandon the sword by chance because of this,
or you will lie prostrate[6] on the ground, restrained by nothing
¶ It is expedient that you knock on the ground while your chest is trampled underfoot.
I will be able to try whatever I would want [to do] next with regard to you.
04v
- ¶ Protego[7] cesura me nunc / ac cuspide forti.
Et capulo[8] faciem ferio / ne prensus hic ensis[9]
Sit mihi / sim terram nec adhuc proiectus ad imam.
Cuius clune / mei pectus fremitando sedebit.
Quadrupedis nec linquo tui resonantia frena[11] /
Donec humum praeceps limosam vertice tangas.
Ista quidem armato valet optima captio / possuntque[12]
Ledere[13] non armis ullum sibi posse pavescit[14]
¶I now protect myself by withdrawing, and from the strong point.
I hit the face with the sword hilt, so that my own sword would not have been grasped
in these circumstances. Nor would I have been thrown to the farthest ground.[15]
¶ I will throw your horse; neither you nor anyone can prevent [it],
The chest [of my horse] will rest on the haunches of your whinnying horse
I will not release the ringing reins of your quadruped
until you precipitously strike the muddy ground with the crown of your head.
This best deception indeed prevails against [an] armored [person], and
[people] cannot injure with weapons anyone [who] trembles at their own capability.
05r
¶ Ut modo tellurem calcato corpore tundas
Est opus . hoc faciunt contraria gesta . malignus
Tu tamen illud idem mihimet tentare cupisti.
¶ I maintain this grasp on your helmet, since you are turning your back,
I would send [your] chest on the ground while galloping behind you.
¶ If you were to beat the ground with a trampled corpse in this way,
The countering gestures are effective for this. The work is spiteful.[18]
Nevertheless, you want to attempt the same at myself.
05v
- ¶ Crure simul stafile levans / te vertet ad imum
Hec mea dextra potens. nec erit quae molliat artus.[19][20]
Qui modo per terram frustra conatus inermem[22]
Spargere[23] tentabas. sed te contraria vincunt .[24]
¶ Lifting by the leg and also by the stirrup[25], this, my strong right [hand],
will turn you to the farthest [the ground], nor will there be anything which would enfeeble [my] limb [arm].
¶ Observe how I hold your neck with my strong upper arm
by which means the efforts [are] in vain,
you attempted to throw [me], the Weaponless One, to the ground, but the counters conquer you
06r
- ¶ Si me rolandus[26] peditem pulicanus[27] et asper
Fraxinea[28] peterent hasta spectando morarer /[29]
Dextraque vel iaculum teneat vel turbida clavam[30].
Atque repercussis feriam furibundior[31] hastis./
Quamprimum hoc actu retraham capita alta prementum.[32]
¶ If Roland and the rude Pulicanus were to attack me, a footman,
with spears made of ash, I would have delayed and observed [them],
and if he holds [it] like a javelin on the right side or an unruly club,
by causing the spears to rebound, I would strike more furiously
at the lofty heads. As soon as possible, I would pull back [withdraw], overwhelming them with this action.
¶ The lance now cuts your mournful head with great wounds,
and it moves me out of the guard of the arrogant master.
06v
- ¶ Callidus hoc ictu percussi labia duro,
Expectans reparare[35] gravi cum cuspide vulnus.
Cuspide pertenta, breve nunc moror omnia telo.[36][37]
¶ I thrust through the lips with the harsh strike, cleverly
expecting to renew the wound with the heavy spear point.
¶ Customarily, I move back and forth with the extended spear point,
But now I linger in all respects with my shortened spear.
07r
Tu tamen. et iacias modo si libet ante. nec inde
Effugito. lacrimosa manent te praemia mestum.[38]
Inque tuum pectus prorumpam vulnere grandi.[39]
¶ Granted that my spear is shortened, YOU transfixed
will still die. you throw first, if it pleases you, and you must not
flee. tearful prizes await you, the Ill-Omened One.
¶ Having been penetrated by my spear, your javelin repels.
And I would burst into your chest with a great wound.
07v
[40]Et modus est transire hominem per pectora telo /
Seu faciem vultumque prius cum sanguine tristi.
¶ He throws this particular [cut/attack] to strike back at the three masters before this.
And this is the way to run through the person with a spear through the chest
or face, and before this, you bruise the visage with blood.
¶ You do not injure me much, in contrast, I mix it up against
you, the Resisting One, and I move close while knocking in [your] teeth.
08r
Te moror, At clava tegmen mihi prebet. et ista
Daga ferit pectus. Quicquid tamen exigo clava,
Efficeret mucro. quamvis melioribus uti
Possumus hoc ludis, faciles agitando[43] lacertos.
Conmoror. at primum iaciam. reliquumque tenebo
[44]Illo membra tegens / cum nos arctabimus ambos.
Hinc cito te feriam sed aperto pectore daga.
¶ In like manner, I delay you with steadfast dagger and staff,
but yet, the staff provides covering for me. And that dagger
strikes the chest. Nevertheless whatever I finish with the staff,
the sword[45] accomplishes. Although we can use
a better play than this by moving the quick shoulders.
¶ I tarry here with you with two sticks and at the same time a dagger.
And I throw the first. And I will hold the remaining
covering the limbs with it. At the same time we will both of us move close together.
From here, I quickly strike you, but your chest is opened by the dagger.
08v
Inquit. et hanc dagam proprio sed pectore figo.
Mortales / situs:. et ni cuspis fallere tentet
Decipiam te forte Virum. modo(?) Jupiter adsit.
- ¶ Sum situs en fortis. vocor et crux. nec(?) mihi quesquam [46]
Ictus obest. nec adhuc cuspisque tricuspidis unquam.
¶ I do what was to be done, because the master has now said
In recounting. and I fix this dagger in your own chest
¶ A Javelin clasped with hands, lo! I am called the short position
Among mortals. And if the spear point should attempt to deceive
I will mislead you, the Man, as luck would have it. If Jupiter is nigh.
¶ Behold, I am a strong position. And I am called the cross. Neither does any
strike bother me. And neither the point of the triple-point at any time.
09r
Letiferosque operor geminatis ictibus ictus.
- ¶ Dens aprinus ego sum fortis et horridus audax.
Quos facis[48] haud vereor ictus. nec posse fatemur
Sed mea percutiet languenti vulnere vultum.
¶ Behold, I, the position of the woman, am pure of faith.
and by doubling the strike, I carry out the fatal strikes.
¶ I the boar's tusk, am strong, frightful, and bold
I have no respect at all for the strike of anyone's axe; neither do we admit the possibility.
¶ Your triple-point has truly been thrown down into the ground.
But mine will strike [your] visage with a wilting wound.
09v
Erupi. atque illa percussi robora vultus.
- ¶ En premo forte manu tibi vultum. sentis et istud
Extrahet ac dentes haec nunc mea[50] sacra tricuspis.
¶ And now I have burst out from the tusk of the boar ready to go using [my] own triple-point
And I have struck those strongest parts of [your] visage.[51]
¶ Behold, I overwhelm your visage using a strong hand, and you <yourself> feel that
and now my sacred triple-point extracts [your] teeth.
10r
- ¶ Hac ego captura[52] the faciam fortasse rotatum.
Hinc tua perdetur / mea secundum te fronte tricuspis
Percutiet / modo fata velint superesse potenti.
¶ Perhaps I would make a rotation using this taking.
From there, your [triple-point] is lost, afterwards, my triple-point beats you in the forehead.
If the fates are willing for the strong to survive.
¶ whether the wild sword is thrown like a javelin, or the second prepares
to cut [me] to pieces, the only [one left] desires me with the point,
this guard teaches [me], so that because I am currently laughing, I'm not afraid.[55]
10v
¶ Taking a step, I cover the limbs with my raging sword,[60]
From there, I will penetrate your chest with that [sword] without pause.
¶ And in order to hit you, the Ill-Omened One, again with my point now,
The left hand supports that sword with Strength.
Folia 11-20
11r
Hoc quia me texi volucri cum tegmine dantem[61].
- ¶ Derideas me voce tua / cecumque vocato /
Si tuus hic ensis / capulo quem prendo patenter
Non cadet in terram. nudus tu deinde maneto
¶ Here, I have thrust through your forehead with a bloody wound,
because during the time[62] of giving this [wound], I covered myself with a fleeting cover.
¶ You should mock me with your voice and [definitely] call me blind,
If your sword doesn't fall to the ground, once I grasp it by the hilt[63]
Then you [definitely][64] remain bare.
11v
- [65]¶ Detego te ut feriam pretenta cuspide. Post haec
Vindiceam[66] frendente animo faciemus ad Unguem.
- ¶ Arbitror a manibus ensem tibi carpere lentis /
Callidior manus haec rapuit tibi taliter illum
¶ I uncover you so that I strike [you] with the extended point. After this,
I would exact the most perfect vengeance by grinding your soul into bits.
¶ I decide to seize your sword out of [your] slow hands
This hand snatches that from you in this more cunning way
12r
- ¶ Nunc ego perpendo medium scidisse mucrone
Gutturis. hoc ideo / cubitum quam(?) presto revolui
- ¶ Cumque manu voluam cubitum voluendo cruentum
Te faciam mucrone meo. nec fallere possum.
¶ Currently, I am carefully considering splitting the middle of [your] neck
with my edge[67]. For that reason I turned back this elbow so quickly.
¶ And with a hand, I turn the elbow in a circle. By turning in a circle
I make you bloody with my tip. I can't fail.
12v
- ¶ Nomine quisque vocat[68] situs / et custodia fallax.
Altera consimilis aliae / contraria [69] necnon.
Sicut et hic posite / similes sic prendimus actus.
Quae semper reparo / cesurae et cuspidis ictus.
- ¶ Audax / excelsus / muliebris sum situs. alta
Et quocunque modo defendo membra furentis.
Et volucrem[70] fateor clara me semper in arte.
- ¶ Ferrea sum fortis / medianaque Janua dicor.
Doque graves ictus. et cuspide querito mortem.
¶ Each position and deceitful guard is called by a name
Both similar to another, and indeed opposite
Position [yourself][71] just as here, thus we grasp the actions
¶ I am called the iron gate/door, equal to the ground in all ways
I always prepare anything of strikes of the cutting [edge] and the point again
¶ I am the bold, lofty position of the woman. high
and in whatever way I defend the limbs from rage[72]
¶ Here I am certainly the regal position of the "true window"
and I always acknowledge myself as swift in the famous art.
¶ I am the strong iron, and I am called the middle Door.
And I bestow serious strikes and I seek death with the point.
13r
Nominor / ingenio guttur sepissime scindens.
- ¶ Frontalis situs ipse vocor / famosa corona.
Nec cuique parco / cesura et cuspide rumpens.
Impedimenta ferens versuto[73] pectore multis.
- ¶ Sum situs aprinus audax / et viribus ingens /
Expertus cunctis cautelis pandere Vires.
¶ I remain with the short sword, and yet I am called the Long position
here. rending most often the neck due to my natural inclination.
¶ I am called the position of the Browband[74], that is the famous Crown.
Neither do I spare anyone, cutting and breaking with the point
¶ I am the position of the Woman opposite the Boar's Tusk,
bringing impediments to bear with a cunning heart toward many.
¶ I am the position of the bold Boar and immoderate with strength,
Testing [against] all guards to spread strengths
13v
Cuspide sepe[76] minor. illuc tamen inde revertor(?).
- ¶ Laevus[77] e:go situs ipse vocor / Veraeque fenestrae.
Sic celer in dextra velut hac sum nempe sinistra.
Postque ago persaepe traiectis ictibus ictus[78].
- ¶ Nominor a cunctis certe situs ipse[79] bicornis.
Nec pete quam falsus / quam sim nunc callidus in te
¶ I am the short stance here. And I move the sword back [to its original position].
I often threaten with the point. Yet I thenceforth return back to that place.
¶ I am called the left position itself and the True window.
Thus swift on the right side just as I naturally am here on the left.
¶ Behold the tailed position, I am pulled forward on the ground. I very often carry out
the strike before and after, while the strike is beaten through
¶ I myself am certainly named by all the two-horned stance.
As falsely as you ought to attack, now I will be as cunning at you.
14r
Ex alia secundum parte gravo cum cuspide pectus.
Guttur adit madidum mucronis turbida cuspis.
¶ I hold the spatha pressed together [with the other sword] with the point in a crossed position.
Following out of the other part I oppress the chest with the point.
¶ The lecture of my teacher having been heard first,
The violent tip of the sword approaches the juicy throat.
14v
Ceu cruce / percutiam laevum tibi nempe lacertum
Sit nimis hoc tempus breve quaque uis tanta probando
Qui cruce mucronem retinet /[81] quo fallere possit.
¶ I, the Clever One, currently holding the sword in the middle of the sword
as in a cross, I will certainly thrust through your left shoulder
However exceedingly short this time might be, everything having been tested with such strength.
¶ I strike a bargain with you just as that earlier master told before.
Whoever restrains the tip with the cross is therefore able to deceive.[82]
15r
Sic capiti ut palmis ludendo nocere valemus.
Cuspide percutiam vultum scindendo madentem.
¶ If, in the swordplay, we suddenly turn our sword,
Thus we are strong to injure the head using the hands in the swordplay.
¶ Although you hold me in your hands, something was trodden underfoot. By
rending with this point, I will beat your dripping face.
15v
Plura sciens ludos Victrices semper habebit.
- ¶ Nunc tua per terram subito manus impia puntam
Protrahat. hinc feriam te vulnere protinus alto.
¶ We currently linger here, fighting in the shape of a cross.
[The one] Skilled in many things will always have victorious plays.
¶ Suddenly your wicked hand drags a point
to the ground. From here I would strike you with a high wound without pause.
16r
- ¶ Colla super teneo mucronem. sentis et istud.
Nunc mortis patieris opus. nec fata negabunt.
- ¶ Dexteriore tui cadet ensis parte / sinistra
Si me voluo celer / sed strictis artubus ante.
¶ I hold the tip at your neck. And you feel that.
You will now suffer the work of death. And the fates will not deny [it].
¶ Your sword will fall from the rightmost part, if
I turn swiftly to the left, and also with the limbs compressed in front.[83]
16v
- ¶ Tu sentire potes. quam magno vulnere palmam[84]
Contuderim. capulo possem simul atque ferire.
- ¶ Hic ferio te nempe in manu / ut nexura sit inde
Conquisita mihi / quo grandia despicit arma.
¶ You can feel, how I have pulped the palm <that is the hand> with great
wounds. And, at the same time, I could hit you with the hilt.
¶ In this circumstance, I hit you truly in the hand, so that it is bound[85] and thus
conquered by me, therefore, it expresses contempt for great armor.
17r
- ¶ Doctus in arte mea resupino pectore vertam
In terram. dehinc te penetrabo cuspide mestum.
- ¶ Vel linques ensem proprium de parte sinistra.
In terram vel mestus eas. nec posse negabis.
¶ Learned in my art, I turn you into the ground thrown over backwards
by your chest. henceforth I will penetrate you, the Ill-Omened One, using the point
¶ Either you will forsake your own sword from the part of the left hand,
or you go into the ground, Ill-Omened One.[86] You cannot refuse.
17v
- ¶ Ense tuo tutum[87] facit hec[88] captura. fit ergo
Nempe meus[89] liber. tuus at sub carcere restat.
Efficit atque ensis ludum qui quartus habetur.[90]
Arte[91] bipennifera / facile ceu quisque videbit.
Atque tuum feriam letali vulnere pectus.
¶ This taking makes <me> safe from your sword. Therefore, it happens
that mine <that is, [my] sword> is truly free. But on the other hand, yours remains imprisoned.
And the sword brings about the play which is the fourth[92]
in the art of wielding the two-edged axe[93], as any can easily see.
¶ Using this lower bind, you will indeed depart prostrate.
and I will strike you (in) the chest with a lethal wound.
18r
Cuspide planitiem pono mea membra sub imam.
- ¶ Inque situ aspecto leopardi nempe serenum
Cesuras semper et cuspidis ima refrenans
Ludere discipulos veluti quandoque videbis.
¶ I am called the serpent, and also tall and high
with the point level, I place my limbs below it to the greatest extent.
¶ And in the position of the leopard, I truly gaze out serenely
and always restraining the deepest cuttings of the point.
¶ You currently have faith in this cover to refute anyone at any time,
just as you will see whenever the students are playing.
18v
Atque alios faciam ludos si quando libebit.
Et pejora tibi faciam sibi mente sedebit.
¶ This point emerges last from the cover of the master
and I will make other plays when it pleases me.
¶ You will go forth, spread on the ground with the point of your sword[94],
and I will do worse to you if it [a weapon] sinks deeply into [your] brain.
19r
19v
- ¶ Sex sumus in factis armorum valde periti
Actus. Quos faciet quicumque magister in armis
Ensem seu dagam superabit et inde bipennem.
Serpentinus adhuc penetrando cuspide doctus.
- ¶ Sum situs, et dicor crux multis vera magistris.
Nec mihi cuspis obest, cesura nec ipsa nocebit.
Nam mea membra tego validis erectus in[95] armis
- ¶ Sum mediana quondem ferri stans condita porta.
Cuspide nec noceo nimis. At sum semper inanis[96].
¶ We are six intensely skilled acts among the deeds of armor[,]
Which whoever is a master in arms executes
Thence he [the master] will conquer sword or dagger and the double axe.
¶ I am the short position and I am referred to under the correct name
of serpentine, besides I am skilled in penetrating with the point
¶ I am the position and I am called the true cross by many masters.
Neither the [your] point is hurtful to me, nor will the cut itself harm [me]
¶ This [sword] tip will change the spiteful stance by penetrating.
On the other hand, when upright, I cover my limbs with strong armor.
¶ I am the middle, indeed, the gate of iron standing established.
I do no little harm with the point. And I am always deceptive.
20r
Hincque vides que daga contundere possum.
- ¶ Nil valuit tibi daga / cito tam terga coegi
Voluere./ nec vultum poteris mihi pandere tristem.
¶ This is well known in the text, the evidence being taught by the picture.
And you see that I can pound you to pieces with the dagger.
¶ Nothing prevails with the dagger for so quickly do I compel [you] to turn
the back. Neither can you expose your sorrowful face to me.
20v
- ¶ Inijceret quicumque mihi sub(?)[97] vertice spatam /
Tecturam hanc facerem cubitum prendendo sinistra.
Atque manu propria ludentis terga rotarem.
Inde suos renes dagam penetrante ferirem.
- ¶ Optimus iste movens ludendi et cautus in arte.
Neque tegam feriamque simul nudando mucronem.
¶ Were someone to throw a sword at the base of my head,[98]
I would make this covering by grasping the elbow with the left.
And the characteristic of this play: I rotate you to the back with my hand.
Thence I will strike the dagger penetratingly into your kidneys.
¶ Provoking the deception and caution in the art is/are the best.
And I would cover myself[99], and I would simultaneously strike the tip at the opening.[100]
Folia 21-30
21r
Cum manibus tollam cunctis gestantibus ipsam.
- Cum cunctos superem qui possunt bellica mecum
Pro manibus fractis ornatus porto lacertis.
Taliter ut dextram nequeant praetendere tutam /
Nunc letus claves manibus sic congero binas.
- Queris cur pedibus pessundo gloria tales
Cur luctando viros dico prosternere cuntos
Palma quidem nostra praetenditur sistere dextra.
Florius
For instance, I signify as safe, using the palm, thus I carry off the dagger.
Everything having been carried off in victory, I lift that same [dagger] with my hand.
When I conquer all the ones who can be warlike,
I, the Distinguished One, carry with me the broken hands in front [of me] by the arms.
I secure the confined arms from all warlike people in the region.
In this way they are unable to extend the right hand /
Now I thus joyfully collect pairs of keys in [my] hands
You ask why I, with glory, destroy such excellent ones under my feet.
because I assert I knock down all men by wrestling
Indeed the palm in our right hand is extended to stop [them].
21v
Cumque manu leva pretento tollere dagam.
- ¶ Circum nempe tuum dagam convolvo lacertum.
Nec perdens illam miserum te pectore tundam.
¶ I am called the Cautious One, that is, the first master of the dagger.
You lift with your hand and extended [arm][102] to steal the dagger.
¶ To be sure, I twist my dagger around your shoulder.
Without squandering that [dagger] I will beat you, the Wretched One, in the chest.
22r
- ¶ Hoc tua contrario tectura refellitur ecce
Et neque converse palme ludj / non atque priores
Proficient. tu deinde miser moriture recumbes.
Et faciam peiora tibi dehinc ipse[103] jacentj.
¶ Behold! Your covering is refuted by an opposition
and both the switching of the hands within the play, and the one being in front
accomplish this. Next, you, the miserable one, lie down dying.
¶Indeed, Treacherous One, I believe you will immediately touch so much ground today.
And after that, I myself[104] would do worse to you, who lies prostrate.
22v
Armiger hunc poterit securius addere ludum.
Ceu teneo. sentire datus quicumque libebit.
¶ You, the Unprotected One, will touch the ground, prostrate on your chest.
The Armored One can impart safety to this game.
¶ Anyone could break the shoulder of the associate while wrestling.
It will please anyone [that] I hold in this way to feel this gift.
23r
Non sine fractura discedes credo lacertj.
Ante tamen cubitum prope volvam brachia fortis[106]
¶ Because of the taking [which] that master now makes,
I believe [that] you will not withdraw without a broken/fractured shoulder.
¶ I will snatch your dagger suddenly with a violent whirlwind,
Before I, the Strong One, will also turn your arm close by the elbow.
23v
Surgere nec poteris sine grandi vulnere liberj.
Omnibus atque modis possum colludere primis.
¶ It is not any work for me having scattered you, the Fallen One
You are not able to rise up free of great wounds
¶ I cover myself when wrestling in the same way as in a cross, with the arms, of course.[108]
And I can play with all of the previous methods.
24r
Clauditur. inclusum mala te quam plura morantur.
- ¶ Me licet impressum teneas / retinendo lacertum
Inferiore tum clave pressura nocebit.
24v
Tristis illo(?) eternum mediana in clave manebis.
- ¶ Degere non facies mediana in clave. sed isto
Me nunc contrario / tibi convenit / ut mihi cedas.
¶ If I myself can now turn the shoulder using the hands,
you, Sorrowful One, will remain eternally in the middle key
¶You do not continue in the middle key.
But now, using this counter from me,[112] you will find it fitting that you should yield to me.
25r
Et si contrarium deerit / faciam tibi praesto.[113]
- ¶ Hoc nunc contrarium propero / ceu rite videbis.
Percutiam flagrante animo tua membra deinde.
¶ Now I am the Suitable One beating you, Ill-Omened One, into the ground.
And if the counter is absent, I would suddenly do [the preceding action] to you.
¶ Now I hurry this counter, as you will duly see.
Afterward, I would beat your limbs with a burning spirit
25v
Ante modos quos quisque potuit efficere tento.
- ¶ Hoc nunc contrario ludos ego fallo priores.
Taliter et voluam quam post te vulnere perdam[114]
¶ I cover myself, as you discern, with great strength of movement.
In advance of the methods, which anyone could execute, I attack.
¶ I now deceive the previous games with this counter.
In such a manner, I will turn you so far behind and I will destroy you with wounds.[115]
26r
- ¶ Tam celer hoc actu faciem tibi nempe rescindam.
Discipulus docet hoc cruce ducens ensis amictum
Per terram. Sed mucro tuus vel flexus abibit
Vel fractus numquam poteris operarier[116] illum.
Pignore mucronem / tam turpiter ipse gubernas
Jura tenedo meum. quo nunc traiectus obibis.
¶ Nevertheless, I, the Swift One, would truly cut out your face using this act.[117]
The student teaches this: leading to the act of cloaking the sword in the ground from the location of the cross[118].
But your tip will either go away bent
or be broken. You can never again use that [sword].
¶ I would hit your tip and hindered by none I will
hold the surety / you conduct yourself so disgracefully
you must swear an oath by holding[119] mine [my sword] / by which you will now die transfixed.
26v
Hoc / quia mucronem pulsasti tactibus imis.
Dumtamen hic celeres sint ars atque ipse magister.
¶ Truly, I strike your face with this cruel sword hilt.
This, because you have knocked the tip with the farthest touches.
¶ This strike is the second to strike back at the companion with the sword hilt,
Provided that in the present circumstances speedy ones would still be art and the real master.
27r
- ¶ In cruce prevalidus proprium tibi carpo mucronem.
Hinc te iam mestum cesura cuspide sive
Percutiam. spätaeque manus attollere dicor
Conträrium[120]. et valeo tua membra ferire patenter.
Tangere nec poteris ullis violatibus ensem.
Nec sum deceptus ensem tibi ponere collo.
¶ I, strong in the preceding cross, seize your own special sword [mucronem].
Hence if I would now strike you, the Ill-Omened One, cutting with the point [cuspide].
And I am called the counter to lifting the sword [spatae] in the hands.[121]
And I am strong to openly strike your limbs.
You won't be able to touch the sword [ensem] using any violations.
¶ I throw you to the ground with this great action, which you anticipate,
I was not deceived and I place the sword to your neck.[122]
27v
Aut te percutiam. simul hoc[123] vel brachia claudam.[124]
Connectendo tuum. potero te namque ferire.
¶ I learn to strike your upper arm back[wards] with your sword.
Either I would beat you, and simultaneously with this [strike back], I would also confine your lower arm.
¶ How greatly do I prudently impel you, by enfolding [your] own arm and sword.
For in fact I will be able to strike a bargain with you.
28r
- ¶ Ut mihi tu posses ensem convellere leva
Venisti. hic tandem contrario at ipse peribis.
- ¶ Claudere sub proprio voluisti false lacerto
Ensem. contrarium sed et hoc te vertet in imum.
¶ You moved with your left hand [into the position] in order to be able to tug my sword.
but on the other hand, You yourself will die at last by means of the counter.
¶ You falsely wanted to enclose the sword under your own arm.
But also this counter will turn you the farthest.
28v
Vulnera multa miser patieris. Quicquod at ipse
Efficio[125] / contra facio mucrone. et prevalet ista
Nexio permultum. quia plurima facta ministrat.
Hac igitur vitam linques cum cuspide tristem.
¶ I confined the palm using my sword. You, the Wretched One, will, in the end,
suffer many wounds on the top of your head. And whatever I myself
bring about, I work against using the tip. And that binding prevails
greatly. Because it [the binding] serves up many actions.
¶ From the straight side, I move under into the other side.[126]
Here accordingly you quit the sad life by means of the point.
Note that in the upper register, the text looks like a good match for Pisani-Dossi, but the Florius illustration seems to show a different moment of action, and show it from the other side of the fight.
29r
Dicitur a cunctis sopranus dexter in armis.
Quem multis vicibus ego Florius ipse probavj.
- ¶ Accipiens ensem / medianum protinus ictum
Efficio / mucrone premens tua membra furentj
Vel proprio / vel forte tuo quem credis adesse.
¶ This movement, by means of which I rob the man with the sword[127] during play,
Is called High on the Right by everyone in arms.
I, Florius, have tested this myself in many exchanges.
¶ Grabbing the sword, I immediately execute a middle strike[128]
Overwhelming your limbs with the raging tip, or with your own [sword]
Or with your luck, which you trust is present
29v
- ¶ Inferiore loco capitur sic ensis acutus.
Quod faceret quicunque manet[129] hac arte peritus.
- ¶ Esse meum reputo quem cernis nempe mucronem
Et volvendo / tibi faciam profecto pudorem.
Ac manibus retraham proprijs ni fata repugnent
¶ Thus the sharp sword is captured from the lower position
Everyone has done this who remains skilled in the art
¶ I calculate [that] you perceive that to truly be my sword[130] [now]
And by rotating, I will bring shame to you, the Departing One.
And I pull back with my own hands if the fates do not disagree
30r
In terram tu deinde miser sterneris opacam.
Hoc quoque perficiam. pedibus tamen ipse[131] manebo.
¶ The cover on the right side foretells that I would grasp [you] by the throat.
Then you, the Miserable One, will be scattered upon the dark ground.
¶ By means of a similar play, we scatter you into the deep ground.
I would finish this, too. Nevertheless, I myself will remain [on my] feet.
30v
Quesitam ut possim miserum te sternere terrae.
Ensis. hoc edocuit dextrae tectura potentis.
¶ I grab the takings using [my] hands[,] having sought for a long time
In order to be able to scatter you, the Miserable One, to the ground.
¶ You will go into the earth lying on your back, and the sword will hold
[your] face. This thoroughly teaches powerful covers on the right side.
Folia 31-40
31r
Atque sua damnare necj cum cuspide dagae.
Si quem volo in clavj potero te nectere versum.[132]
¶ Anyone can dislocate[133] the shoulder using the associate themself.
And you can condemn him to death with the point of the dagger.
¶ I snatch the dagger now, and I can't fail.
If I want, I will be able to bind anyone in the key, having turned you around <that is, rolled back>
31v
Est nexura quidlibet nimio discrimine mortis.
Si quis in hac intrat, vix hac exire valebit.
Efficiens palma manuum quocunque reversa.
Tuque hac captura procumbes poplite flexo
¶ The Lower Key is received under the name of a strong thing.[134]
Any and all are excessively bound by the peril of death.
If someone enters into this, they will scarcely [be able to] take their leave from this to escape/die.
¶ I complete this Counter of the Master by wrestling
Bringing [the counter] about by means of the reversed palm of the hand by any and all means.
And YOU will sink down here with bent knee due to this taking.
32r
Desuper et subter possum te laedere ferro.
Et capiti mala multa dabo, si mente sedebit.
¶ I, the Master, now grasp the associate using both hands.
From above and from below, I can injure you using a weapon.
¶ In order that I will send you down to the ground, I am of course prepared.
And I will give many bad things to the head, if it will be fixed in [my] mind.
32v
Non tamen est tutus qui simili ludere tentat.
In terram. Dehinc ipse[137] tibi peiora probabo.
¶ This is another movement to knock the associate down to the ground.
Nevertheless anyone who attempts to wrestle similarly is not safe.
¶ Truly, in this other way, I can send you to the ground
in this way. Thereafter, <I> myself will demonstrate worse things on you.
33r
Quod tibi sive vetes[139] capiam / tu sive repugnes.
Illa te subito privatum nempe videbis.
¶ In this way, I myself will carry your dagger away with a whirling motion,
Because I seize that thing of yours, whether you prevent or YOU fight back
¶ If I now attempt to lift your forearm near the dagger,
You will certainly see those things in their sudden ascension[141] for the purpose of depriving you
33v
- ¶ Hoc ego contrarium palmis nunc querito binis,
Ut me defendem[142] veluti facit ille magister.
Qui capit ambabus manibus luctando sodalem.
- ¶ Pectore me prendis. Nec adhuc mihi ledere posses.
Denodabo tuum tamen hunc luctando lacertum.
¶ Now I seek the counter to this with both palms,
In order to defend myself just as that master does.
In this way he seizes the companion with both hands during wrestling.
¶ You grasp me by the chest, and yet you cannot strike at me,
Nevertheless I will dislocate this shoulder by means of wrestling.
34r
- ¶ Te prope nunc cubitum feriam. me deinde relinques.
Atque tuam validus dagam tentabo repente.
- ¶ Vel supra cubitum feriam vel deprope pugnum.
Inque loco miserum[143] denodabo. Hinc pectora linques.
¶ I would strike you now near the elbow. Then you will leave me alone.
I, the Strong One, will unexpectedly attack your dagger.
¶ Either I strike above the elbow or low near the fist.
And I will dislocate the miserable thing in that place. Hence you will leave the chest[144].
34v
- ¶ Experior quo te resupinem protinus actum.
Si te non sternam meliorem forte parabo.[145]
- ¶ Tutus ut in terram nunc vadas, credere possum.
Nec tua daga michi poterit profecto nocere.
¶ I test the action by which means I would overthrow you straight away.
If I do not scatter you, I would perchance perpare a more useful [action].[146]
¶ I, the Safe One, can believe, that you will now rush into the ground.
Certainly your dagger will not be able to harm me.
35r
- ¶ Non deceptus ero levum frangendo lacertum.
Quem dextra teneo spatula luctando gravatum.
- ¶ Te tali teneo forma / prendoque gementem /
Quam nunc cum spatulis terram sterneris in imam.
¶ I will not have been cheated of breaking [your] left shoulder.
Anyone, who is burdensome, I hold by means of the right shoulder using wrestling
¶ I grasp you in such excellent shape, and I seize the Groaning One,
you are now scattered to the farthest ground with the shoulderblades.
35v
- ¶ Hanc nunc tecturam facio /[147] quo tollere dagam /
Possim. Sed multis possum te ledere ludis.
- ¶ Volvere si possum tibi nunc certando lacertum /
Inferiore cito faciam te in mergere clave.
¶ Now I make this cover, for which reason[148] I would be able to
Lift the dagger. But I can wound you with many plays.
¶ If I can now turn your shoulder while contending
I quickly make you sink according to the Lower Key.
36r
- ¶ Nunc quia te manibus teneo luctando gemellis
Arripiam dagam veluti tu nempe mereris.
- ¶ Tollere nunc doceo dagam ludendo sodalj.
Hoc quam discipulus nescivit ludere primus.
¶ Now because I hold you with [my] hands while fighting like the Gemini twins,
I would snatch the dagger just as you truly deserve.
¶ Now I teach [how] to lift the dagger during fighting with the companion.
as the first student doesn't know how to fight this [lifting].
36v
Si dagam in dagam vertendo ducimus ambo,
Armatus vel sim vel forte carentibus armis.
Et placet iste motus, sit strictus dummodo ludus.
Et subito in mediam clavem quae terminat omne
Bellum, nec contra valet ullus bellica tractans,
Intrabo. nec obesse potuit mihi quisque reluctans
¶ I am not aware of any person with whom I cannot play,
If we both lead by turning dagger into dagger,
[If] I were either armored or by chance without armor.
And that movement would be pleasing, provided that the play is tight.
¶ Defending, I make this covering in armor.
I suddenly enter the Middle Key, which ends all war,
Any warlike dabbler[149] is not strong against it.
Anyone resisting cannot hurt me.
37r
Ulla sibi in ludo dantis defensio dagae.
Sed multis ludendo motis vastare valebo
Supra nanque[150] potuit operarj & subter in armis.
Vadit ad extremam nexuram hic ludus aperte
Inferior. Mediana iacet sub forte supermo.
¶ I bring my dagger to this cross in wrestling.
Any defense of the dagger given in the play does not hinder this.
But I will powerfully lay waste with many moves in playing.
¶ That move certainly prevails by keeping the dagger itself in the cross
in fact it can be worked above and below in armor
This lower play clearly goes to the outer bind
The middle is situated by chance under the highest.[151]
37v
- ¶ Hunc ludum poterit istius forte magistri
Discipulus facere. dagam que auferre[152] potentem
Capturamque etiam liquj. Sed terga gravabo.
¶ The student can, by chance, make this play of
that master and can snatch away the powerful dagger.
¶ Behold, I cross underneath the shoulder in this playing.
I have left the taken thing [i.e., the dagger] alone. But I will harm the back.
38r
Praeparo / si possum tibi voluere forte lacertum.
Inferiore etiam clave connectere possum.
¶ I prepare to steal the life of yours from the lower bind.
If I can perhaps turn your shoulder.
¶ I can certainly dislocate your shoulder in a similar way,
And also I can fold your shoulder together using the lower key.
38v
Si te non fallo poterit prodesse parumper.
- ¶ Querito mutare[153] quo te confallere possim.
Hinc te per terram properanti pectore vertam.
viribus ipse[154] meis patieris pessima multa.
- ¶ En venio tensis cupiens superare lacertis.[155]
Ut mihi prensuras lucrer ludendo potentes.
¶ I am certainly prepared to gain graspings for myself.[156]
If I don't deceive you, it can be useful for a short time
¶ I seek to change where I would be able to deceive you completely.
From here, I will turn you through the ground by the speeding chest.
¶ If you don't defeat [me] with a clever trick, I can indeed believe
[that] you yourself will suffer many worse things due to my strength.
¶ Behold, I come, desiring to conquer with extended arms;
I gain powerful graspings for myself by playing.
39r
- ¶ Hac ego prensura, faciam te tangere terram.
Denodabo tuum laevum uter forte lacertum.
- ¶ Ore tuo terram te cogam lambere turpem.
Vel faciam intrare miserum te clave sed ima.
¶ With this grasp, I would cause you to touch the ground.
I will dislocate your left shoulder or perhaps the other.
¶ I will compel you, The Foul One, to lick the ground with your mouth.
Or I will cause you, The Miserable/Wretched One, to enter the lowest Key.[157]
39v
- ¶ Renibus in terram iaciam te protinus imam.
Nec sine tristifica poteris consurgere pena.
- ¶ Hac te prensura facerem procumbere terrae,
Si melior cunctis esses ludendo magistris
¶ I will immediately throw you onto the kidneys into the farthest ground.
You will not be able to stand up without pains making you sad.
¶ Using this grasp I would make you sink to the ground,
Even if you were better than all the masters at playing
40r
- ¶ Propter prensuram, superb quaa, luctor et infra,
Vertice contundes terram. nec fata negabunt.
Inde libens movi. Quo[158] te dermergere possem
Prerensuris aliis. quas nunc ostendere tento.
¶ Because of this grasp, whereby I wrestle above and below,
you will pound sand with the crown of your head. Nor will the fates deny it.
¶ I have placed [my] palm on [your] face.[159]
But nevertheless it is pleasing [that] I removed these [hands] hence,
For which reason I was able to plunge you away with other grasps;
Which I now attempt to point out.
40v
Hoc quia sub laevo teneo[160] caput ipse[161] lacerto.
- ¶ Aure sed hac digitum teneo luctando sinistra
Prensuram ut perdas qua me superare tenebas.
¶ You, the Disorderly One, will aim toward the ground with sorrowful honor.
Because I hold this head under the left[162] shoulder.
¶ I hold [the] finger under this left ear while wrestling
so that you lose your grasp which you were holding to overcome me
Folia 41-45
41r
Haec prensura tamen terram te ponit[164] in imam.
Non tamen est aptus. Fallit nam saepe tenentes.
¶ You have seized me by means of your art and also from the back, Traitor.
This grasp nevertheless places[165] you in the farthest ground.
¶ This play called the whirling legs is sometimes glorified.
But it is not suitable, because it fails those who hold tightly to it.
41v
Extranea. Hac tandem faciam te degere mestum
- ¶ Taliter ipse[166] tuos confringam poplite duro
Testiculos, quam nullae aderint in pectore vires.
¶ This is called a foreign/external grasp, as understood by concurring
minds. I would make you, the Ill-Omened One, endure at length here.
¶ In this way, I myself shatter your testicles with my hard knee,
So much that no strength will be present in your chest.
42r
Quam cito me tecum ludentem credo relinques.
- ¶ Destituj simili prensura (sicque fatemur)
Membra tuj. tamen ipse[167] miser ruiturus abibis
Contrario. Ceu rite vides, si lumine cernis.
¶ I will double so many pains to your nose by means of suffering
i believe that you will let me go so quickly in this play with you.
¶ From a similar grasp (I confess) I set down your leg.
Nevertheless, you, the Sad One, who are going to fall headlong, will depart by means of the counter.
As you duly see, if you're not blind.[168]
42v
Renibus ut terram contingam tristibus imam.[169]
- ¶ Cum manibus faciem premis hic ludendo gemellis.
Contrarium sed et hoc oculo magis inde nocebit.[170]
¶ I drag more pains to you and under your chin.
In order to touch your sorrowful kidneys to the farthest ground. [171]
¶You press the face with twin hands in this play.
But the counter will then hurt the eye more.
43r
Experto tamen ipse viro succedit honeste.
- ¶ Contrarium primi servo profecto magistri.
Atque hac tectura mala nunc quam plura probabo.
¶ Granted that this play is scarcely known in this art
Nevertheless it honorably succeeds for an experienced man.
¶ I certainly remain in this counter of the first master.
But also I will now demonstrate bad things and more by means of this cover.
43v
- ¶ Regis ego primi dagam retinentis, aperte
Contrarium facio. Patet hoc feriendo lacertum.
- ¶ Contrario illius, mala quod quam plura minatur
Hic rego me, ut socium letalj vulnere ledam.
¶ *I* openly make the counter of the first king of restraining the dagger. By
striking in this way, it makes the arm accessible.
¶ I direct myself here by means of the counter of that, which threatens
bad things and more, in order that I hurt my associate with deadly wounds.
44r
- ¶ Neclabor est nec pena mihi faciendo tenacem
Nexuram. qua nunc potero tibi ledere. Renes
Et feriam fortasse tuos cum vulnere grandj.
Edidit. Est igitur sibi plurima laudis honestas
Contribuendo viro Furlana gente profecto.
¶ It is no work nor punishment to me to make this bind that holds fast,
whereby now I will be able to hurt you,
and I will perhaps strike your kidneys with a great wound.
¶ The very skilled author Florius previously produced this book.
The highest honor of praise was therefore increased in the man himself,
which will be shared with the Furlani people.
44v
45r
45v
- ↑ Enjambment bracket
- ↑ We believe this is "vulnerare" but the condition of the page has elided an abbreviation mark.
- ↑ There is an erasure above “cervice”, but we were not able to discern any letters.
- ↑ Enjambment bracket
- ↑ Enjambment bracket
- ↑ prostratus can mean struck down, exhausted, overthrown, or laid low. There is no indication in the text or image as to *why* the person is lying on the ground or how they got there.
- ↑ Added later: "te juc g???et".
- ↑ Added later: "de la poignee".
- ↑ There is no enjambment bracket, but the punctuation and text indicate it.
- ↑ Added later: "eqquus".
- ↑ Added later: "te mordé de\per bride".
- ↑ According to Cappelli, p. 257
- ↑ Probably laedere
- ↑ Possible scribal flourish
- ↑ the hand position pictured in this technique is very strange. Comparing it to the Italian copies, we think the artist doesn't have a martial background and has drawn a hand familiar from other artwork instead of a position that makes sense with a sword or other weapon.
- ↑ Added later: “??eeu vit”. Could this be “heeume”, misspelling of “heaume”, old french for “helmet”? There are certainly letters beginning above the g in “galea” and reaching to above the e in “prensum”, but we can’t make out enough to guess further. If the latter word is meant to be “heaume”, this must be hand F.
- ↑ Enjambment bracket
- ↑ The countering gestures are grammatically surrounded by spite.
- ↑ There is a marginal notation to the right of the verse beginning with +. The marginal note seems likely to be hand F, but the + may be from one of the Latin hands. My best guess: ??a??e tram ? perm
- ↑ Enjambment bracket
- ↑ Added later: "pro tui".
- ↑ Added later: "scilicet".
- ↑ or 'Si pargere', but Rebecca says there is a scribal practice for separating the first letter of a line in this manner.
- ↑ Enjambment bracket
- ↑ stafile is probably a form of staffa, listed in DMLBS meaning "stirrup" and borrowed from German
- ↑ Added later: "nomen properum". Partially obliterated
- ↑ Added later: "nomen properum".
- ↑ Added later: "de fresne".
- ↑ To the right of the first two lines, there appear to be three lines of smudgy pencil (most likely M or F), but nothing specific can be made out.
- ↑ Added later: "matreque?".
- ↑ Added later: "four words that might be latin".
- ↑ There is no enjambment bracket, but grammar and syntax led to enjambment in the translation.
- ↑ Possibly "maestum"
- ↑ Enjambment bracket
- ↑ Added later: "reparer renouvelir".
- ↑ Telum refers specifically to a distance weapon, which can include any of the following: missile weapon, dart, shaft, spear, javelin, sword, axe, sunbeam, lightning (the last two are the specific province of Jove)
- ↑ Enjambment bracket
- ↑ Enjambment bracket
- ↑ Enjambment bracket
- ↑ Added later: "…trare".
- ↑ contraria is the most common term marked with a + in this text.
- ↑ This verse has a bracket shape to its right that encloses the second line and the space below it, similar to an enjambment bracket.
- ↑ A tiny note (M, perhaps) may have been removed above “agitando”.
- ↑ Added later: "+ hoc ego".
- ↑ Mucro can refer to a sword or its edge or point. The original translator of this text uses a variety of words to refer to the sword and its parts, and we have tried to reflect that by rendering ensis as sword, mucro as tip, and cuspide as point. However, in this case, the text is contrasting two different weapons and not their parts, so mucro is sword.
- ↑ Added later: "quisquam".
- ↑ Marginal note: "+ ecce".
- ↑ This may be an error for fascis.
- ↑ Added later: "scilicet subito".
- ↑ Added later: "+ tibi".
- ↑ If the translator is bad at Latin, such that he thinks 'illa robora' is ablative feminine, it could read 'And I have struck your face with the strong [weapon].
- ↑ We are translating 'captura' as 'the taking' or 'the takings'. Other possible contexts for this word in Latin are from hunting (captura=prey, the fishing catch, the bag of animals brought in) or from economics, in which 'captura' refers to ill-gotten or immorally gained profits.
- ↑ The second letter appears to have been corrected.
- ↑ A pun for ridere/riddare?.
- ↑ Alternate reading: so that now, by clearing the space, I'm not afraid. 'ridendo' is potentially a pun using the ridere/riddare verbs, meaning to laugh at and to clear a space.
- ↑ Tentative reading; badly damaged
- ↑ Tentative reading; badly damaged
- ↑ Tentative reading; badly damaged
- ↑ Badly damaged; also, could be a variant spelling of laeva.
- ↑ Alternate reading with furenti as dative of disadvantage: With my sword, I cover my limbs from rage while taking a step
- ↑ Accusative of duration of time
- ↑ Accusative of duration of time
- ↑ If this your sword, which I catch openly by [its] hilt doesn't fall to the ground.
- ↑ the translator seems to use the imperative to describe a definitive state
- ↑ This page shows signs of scraping and rewriting.
- ↑ this might be vindicaveram instead
- ↑ Mucro can refer to a sword or its edge or point. The original translator of this text uses a variety of words to refer to the sword and its parts, and we have tried to reflect that by rendering ensis as sword, mucro as tip, and cuspide as point. However, in this case, the illustration shows an action that can't be done with the tip of the sword, so we have used edge.
- ↑ Added later: "scilicet nobis".
- ↑ Added later: "+".
- ↑ Added later: "i.e. velocem". We also considered a volverem reading.
- ↑ Since the word "posite" doesn't make sense as written, we speculate it's an error for "ponite."
- ↑ This reading is supported by genitive of emotion, in which the rage is assigned to the opponent. An alternate reading would be 'I defend the limbs of rage' in which the rage is assigned to the speaker.
- ↑ Added later: "aftraro"?.
- ↑ The Italian and Latin term frontale refers to a forehead decoration for either a woman or a horse. While the modern English term browband refers to an element of horse tack, we felt it evoked a more correct image than other terms such as headband.
- ↑ potentially remeatio, but written as *tior to rhyme with brevior, minor, and revertor
- ↑ Or "saepe" (often), which may be more likely than "sepe" (hedge or defensive barrier)
- ↑ More likely laevus than levus
- ↑ The last word seems faded
- ↑ Added later: "scilicet ego."
- ↑ Added later: "dixit".
- ↑ Added later: "con? ut."
- ↑ We are using the marginalia to influence our reading/interpretation of this couplet.
- ↑ Note that the illustration is incorrect, showing the left side combatant with a hand on the hilt of the sword but no hand on the blade, which would make compressing the limbs much harder than in the Getty or Pisani-Dossi illustrations of this technique. The Latinist has inserted a phrase not in the Italian which provides a detail about the technique that's lost in the picture.
- ↑ Added later: "scilicet manum".
- ↑ This is not the same verb as for binding a sword, but it matches the Italian ligadure/ligare.
- ↑ or you will go gloomy into that <dark> ground
- ↑ Added later: "scilicet me".
- ↑ Likely haec
- ↑ Added later: "scilicet ensis".
- ↑ The period after habetur may be a later addition, since it overlaps the final stroke of the r.
- ↑ There's a light mark above Arte that looks like the abbreviation for haec.
- ↑ The fourth pollaxe play in Pisani-Dossi seems to match this somewhat. The fourth pollaxe play in Florius does not.
- ↑ The section of Florius about techniques for pollaxe refers to the weapon as a tricuspidis (triple-point), but calls it bipenna (double-edged axe) in the armored section.
- ↑ Although mucronem usually means tip as a synonym with cuspis, we translated the compound as point of the sword for reasons of fluency.
- ↑ Added later: "pro cum".
- ↑ This may also be read as immanis but inanis is closer to the Italian
- ↑ Added later: "scilicet si".
- ↑ Using the marginal note: If someone were to throw a sword at my head
- ↑ All of the other images of this sequence show the sword sheathed.
- ↑ The initial of this line is ambiguous and could be M or N. We believe it is most likely an M, but if it were an N it could be read "I do not cover and I strike the point simultaneously at what will become an opening."
- ↑ cautus (from cavere) is a common term in Roman jurist texts, where it means security in the sense of assurance or collateral
- ↑ "pretento" didn't match any of the adjectives present, so we've filled in "brachio"
- ↑ Added later: "scilicet ego".
- ↑ We've used the reading suggested by the interlinear note "scilicet ego" to disambiguate "ipse"
- ↑ This page has lots of dirt smudges, drips, and stains; some—to the left of the combatants in the upper register, and just below the verse in the lower—look like they might be handwritten smudges, but without clear meaning.
- ↑ Added later: "scilicet ego".
- ↑ Interestingly, this page appears to be dirty and damaged; the recto looks like it’s warped from water damage. The next several pages also show warping; the art quality has also declined substantially.
- ↑ The initial of this line is ambiguous and can be read as M or N. We have interpreted it as an M. If it were an N, the line would begin "I do not cover," but we believe this is not compatible with the rest of the verse.
- ↑ Maybe "laevo".
- ↑ The initial of this line is ambiguous and could be M or N. We have read it as N, but if it were M, the line might begin "Although you would hold me".
- ↑ Impressum often means something that has been marked or decorated using pressure, such as a printed page or tooled leather. On this page, the writer seems to be creating parallel imagery or puns about pressure and confinement, but has mixed up their relative position compared to the Italian.
- ↑ The initial of this line is ambiguous and could be M or N. We have read it as M, because we believe reading that word as "Ne" is not compatible with the rest of the verse.
- ↑ Could be “praesto”, Latin adv. “ready, available” or Italian “presto”.
- ↑ Added later: "scilicet occidam"
- ↑ We used 'te' as the object of both verbs
- ↑ Added later: "pro operarj".
- ↑ celer can either be an adjective or a verb, leading to two possible readings. celer as an adjective is more common and appears elsewhere in this text. celer as a verb links to the act of cloaking, amictum, in the next line. Here is our alternate reading of the first line: Nevertheless I would be shielded [and] truly cut out your face using this act.
- ↑ cruce is locative case, which the translation reflects
- ↑ Using DuCange's parts of speech for teneo (TENERE, Tenens, Tenedo, Tenementum), we assume that tenedo is the gerundive form. "-edo" is not a verb form included in typical Latin grammar.
- ↑ These umlaut-like dots appear on a few other pages, where they indicate words that should be read as a pair. Here the marked words are both part of a phrase naming a technique, similar to other times the dots appear. Interestingly, on this page it looks like the dots were written by the original scribe (for example, the dots over the a in spataeque have the same faded look as the a). However, appearing on so few pages, these dots don't seem to be part of the overall orthographic style of the manuscript.
- ↑ This actually reads 'lifting the hands and the sword located in the hands', as spatae is locative case, or indicative of the sword's location. We omitted the repetitions for the sake of clarity.
- ↑ grammatically, the winner was not deceived by the opponent's anticipation, and this deception is a completed action, which has bearing on the present action, that is, the placing of the sword.
- ↑ Added later: "cum". Potentially could be read as "eum" but we believe "cum" is a useful clarification of this sentence.
- ↑ While lacertos and brachia refer specifically to the upper and lower arms respectively, this is probably an attempt by the translator to avoid repetition, rather than specific parts of the arm that are affected by the actions. We have retained the specificity for linguistic reasons. We used arm instead of shoulder in the following couplet because the technique does not work with the shoulder.
- ↑ This might be a typo for efficit, which is supported by the use of 'ipse', and the fact that the next clause has the speaker working against this action
- ↑ Note that the Italian uses straight and curved for the right and left sides. So this is potentially a movement from the right to the left sides
- ↑ Mucro can refer to a sword or its edge or point. The original translator of this text uses a variety of words to refer to the sword and its parts, and we have tried to reflect that by rendering ensis as sword, mucro as tip, and cuspide as point. However, in this case, based on the illustration, we decided to refer to the whole sword.
- ↑ If the line we have interpreted as a comma after ensem is not a comma, then an alternate reading would be: Grabbing the sword in the middle, I immediately execute a strike.
- ↑ Added later: "+".
- ↑ Mucro can refer to a sword or its edge or point. The original translator of this text uses a variety of words to refer to the sword and its parts, and we have tried to reflect that by rendering ensis as sword, mucro as tip, and cuspide as point. However, in this case, based on the illustration, we decided to refer to the whole sword.
- ↑ Added later: "ego".
- ↑ Added later: "scilicet revolutum".
- ↑ "Denodare" is an uncommon word and its primary sense is "un-knot, solve" but in the context of wrestling, it seems to mean "dislocate", supported by DuCange: Frangere, pedem vel brachium laxare, Gall. Rompre, disloquer, to break, to spread out a foot/leg or shoulder, disloquer = dislocare, to dislocate
- ↑ Alternate reading: This is considered under the name, the strong Lower Key.
- ↑ Added later: "ego s."
- ↑ There is an unreadable marking here.
- ↑ Added later: "ego scilicet".
- ↑ Added later: "scilicet ego".
- ↑ This looks like it may have originally said “veter” but was corrected to “vetes” (e.g. from first person present passive to second active present).
- ↑ See Capelli 285; this can be read as either prope (near) or proprie (specifically).
- ↑ Subito has two meanings that both seem relevant here ("suddenly, immediately" and "going under, going upward"), and there's no way to tell if only one is intended, so we have used both.
- ↑ Should be "defendam".
- ↑ refers to elbow 'cubitum' or fist 'pugnum'
- ↑ "Pectora linques" ("leave the chest") could be read two ways: giving up the original attack to the chest seen in the illustration, or consciousness departing the most vital area of the body in death.
- ↑ Added later: "vel probabo(?)".
- ↑ if read with 'probabo' as suggested in the margin: I would, perchance, demonstrate a more useful [action].
- ↑ Added later: "~ ut".
- ↑ Insertion: "+ in order to"
- ↑ "Bellica" seems to be a term for military equipment, and "tractans" comes from tracto, which is similar to traho (pull, draw) but has additional meanings like discuss, handle, negotiate. We have interpreted "bellica tractans" as "a person who deals with war equipment", implicitly distinct from a soldier or military person.
- ↑ Variant of "namque".
- ↑ This line looks like it should match the last line of the Pisani Dossi verse, but the Latin case endings can't support reading it that way.
- ↑ This is read as a corrected error, in which the scribe began to write aufa, crossed out the 'a', continued the 're' and used the 'er' abbreviation above the incorrect letter.
- ↑ Added later: "pro".
- ↑ Added later: "scilicet tu".
- ↑ It looks like the period maybe was changed to a slash/comma.
- ↑ This line and the last line of the 4th couplet share an indentical fragment in both the Latin and the Italian; however, it is not possible to render the two identically in fluent English.
- ↑ Clave is usually translated as Key, but can also refer to the handle for turning a press, or the bar for holding a door shut. We are reading clave as locative with sub ima as the postpositional indication of the direction of the location.
- ↑ Added later: "+ ut".
- ↑ This is unusual, in that the loser (unmarked) speaks this line. The following lines are written normally, from the point of view of the winner (crown and garter) as the first-person speaker.
- ↑ Added later: "+ posuj".
- ↑ Added later: "scilicet ego".
- ↑ No Italian copy mentions left or right in this technique. The images in all manuscripts consistently show the head under the right shoulder. Interestingly, the Getty illustration shows the opponent's legs swapped, but the Pisani Dossi has the same body position shown here.
- ↑ Added later: "situ".
- ↑ Added later: "& mergit".
- ↑ & mergit = and plunges
- ↑ Added later: "scilicet ego".
- ↑ Added later: "tu scilicet".
- ↑ literally, if you can discern daylight
- ↑ The accusatives [direct objects] are unusual in both of these lines
- ↑ There are no personal pronouns indicating whose eyes are getting injured in this couplet. Only the second person verb in the first line indicates whose eyes are getting damaged.
- ↑ "So that I connect the farthest ground to your sorrowful kidneys" is actually how the throw is expressed in the Latin.
