Difference between revisions of "Hans Talhoffer"

Hans Talhoffer
Hans Talhoffer
Occupation	Fencing master ; Mercenary ;
Patron	David and Buppellin vom Stain ; Eberhardt von Württemberg ; Luithold von Königsegg ;
Movement	Marxbrüder (?)
Genres	Fencing manual ; Wrestling manual ;
Language	Early New High German
Archetype(s)	MS Chart.A.558 (1448)(?) ; MS ⅩⅨ 17-3 (1446-1459) ; MS Thott 290.2º (1459) ; Cod.icon. 394a (1467) ;
Manuscript(s)	MS 78.A.15 (1450s) ; Cod.Guelf.78.2 Aug.2º (1465-80) ; MS KK5342 (1480-1500) Cod. Ⅰ.6.2º.1 (before 1561) ; Cod.Ser.Nov.2978 (1500s) ; MS 26.236 (1600s) ; 2º MS iurid. 29 (1600s) ; 2º Col. MS philos. 61 (late 1600s) ; Cod.guelf.125.16.Extrav (late 1600s) ; MS 014 (1700s) ; Cod.icon. 394 (1820) ; Cod.icon. 395 (ca.1820) ;
Concordance by	Michael Chidester
Translations	Traduction française ; Magyar fordítás ; Slovenski prevod Traducción castellano ;
Signature
	Talhoffer's heraldry, including the Lion of St. Mark

Latest revision as of 03:38, 12 July 2024

Hans Talhoffer (Dalhover, Talhofer, Talhouer, Thalhoffer; fl. 1433-67) was a 15th century German fencing master. His martial lineage is unknown, but his writings make it clear that he had some connection to the tradition of Johannes Liechtenauer, the grand master of the German school of fencing. Talhoffer was a well educated man, who took interest in astrology, mathematics, onomastics, and the auctoritas and the ratio. He authored at least five fencing manuals during the course of his career, and appears to have made his living teaching, including training people for martial dueling and trial by combat.

The first historical reference to Talhoffer is in 1433, when he represented Johann Ⅱ von Reisberg, archbishop of Salzburg, before the Vehmic court. Shortly thereafter in 1434, Talhoffer was arrested and questioned by order of Wilhelm von Villenbach (a footman to Albrecht Ⅲ von Wittelsbach, duke of Bavaria) in connection to the trial of a Nuremberg aristocrat named Jacob Auer, accused of murdering of his brother Hans. Talhoffer subsequently confessed to being hired to abduct Hans von Villenbach, and offered testimony that others hired by Auer performed the murder.^[1] Auer's trial was quite controversial and proved a major source of contention and regional strife for the subsequent two years. Talhoffer himself remained in the service of the archbishop for at least a few more years, and in 1437 is mentioned as serving as a bursary officer (Kastner) in Hohenburg.^[2]

The 1440s saw the launch of Talhoffer's career as a professional fencing master. He purchased (and perhaps contributed to) the MS Chart.A.558, an anthology created in ca. 1448. The fencing portion is largely text-less and it may have been designed as a visual aid for use in teaching; in addition to these illustrations, the manuscript also contains a treatise on name magic and a warbook that might be related to Konrad Kyeser's Bellifortis. While Talhoffer's owner's mark appears in this manuscript,^[3] his level of involvement with its creation is unclear. It contains many works by other authors, in addition to plays that are somewhat similar to his later works, and shows evidence of multiple scribes and multiple artists. It is possible that he purchased the manuscript after it was completed (or partially completed), and used it as a basis for his later teachings.^[4]

Most notable among the noble clients that Talhoffer served in this period was the Königsegg family of southern Germany, and some time between 1446 and 1459^[5] he produced the MS ⅩⅨ.17-3 for this family. This work depicts a judicial duel being fought by Luithold von Königsegg and the training that Talhoffer gave him in preparation, but it seems that this duel never actually took place.^[6] He seems to have passed through Emerkingen later in the 1450s, where he was contracted to train the brothers David and Buppellin vom Stain; he also produced the MS 78.A.15 for them, a significantly expanded version of the Königsegg manuscript.^[7]

In 1459,^[8] Talhoffer commissioned the MS Thott.290.2º, a new personal fencing manual along the same lines as the 1448 work but expanded with additional content and captioned throughout. He appears to have continued instructing throughout the 1460s, and in 1467 he produced his final manuscript, Cod.icon 394a, for another of his noble clients, Eberhardt Ⅴ von Württemberg, count of Württemberg-Urach (who later became Eberhardt Ⅰ when the reunified Württemberg was elevated to a duchy in 1495).^[9] This would be his most extensive work, and the count paid 10 Guilder as well as quantities of rye and oats for the finished work.^[10]

While only a few facts are known about Talhoffer's life, this has not stopped authors from conjecture. The presence of the Lion of St. Mark in Talhoffer's 1459 coat of arms (right) has given rise to speculation that he may have been an early or even founding member of the Frankfurt-am-Main-based Marxbrüder fencing guild, though there is no record of their existence prior to 1474.^{[citation needed]} Additionally, much has been made of the fact that Talhoffer's name doesn't appear in Paulus Kal's list of members of the Fellowship of Liechtenauer.^[11] While some have speculated that this indicates rivalry or ill-will between the two contemporaries, it is more likely that Talhoffer simply didn't participate in whatever venture the fellowship was organized for.

Various otherwise-unidentified fencing masters named Hans have also been associated by some authors with Talhoffer. The 1454 records of the city of Zürich note that a master (presumed by some authors to be Hans Talhoffer) was chartered to teach fencing in some capacity and to adjudicate judicial duels; the account further notes that a fight broke out among his students and had to be settled in front of the city council, resulting in various fines.^[12] In 1455, a master named Hans was retained by Mahiot Coquel to train him for his duel with Jacotin Plouvier in Valencienne; if this were Talhoffer, his training did little good as Coquel lost the duel and died in brutal fashion.^{[citation needed]}

Treatises

Not only did Talhoffer produce at least three distinct treatises in his lifetime, but his writings have been reproduced in every century up to the present. They exist in well over a dozen manuscripts created in the fifteenth through nineteenth centuries; they have also been published a number of times in facsimiles beginning in 1887, including translations into English and French.

Talhoffer's writings cover a wide assortment of weapons, including the buckler, crossbow, dagger, flail, Messer, longshield, mace, poleaxe, spear, sword, and unarmed grappling, often both armored and unarmored, on horse and on foot, and in scenarios including tournaments, formal duels, and unequal encounters implying urban self-defense. Despite the obvious care and detail that went into the artwork, the manuscripts generally have only a few words captioning each page (and in many cases none at all); some were likely teaching aids and would need no detailed explanation, while the treatises for Königsegg, Stain, and Württemberg were probably intended as memory aids to review his teachings after he left.

Though there is considerable overlap in the specific plays Talhoffer teaches, the organization and exact contents differ in each of the main treatises. For this reason, they are listed separately below (along with their derivative copies) rather than being combined into one giant mixed concordance that fails to capture the organization of any of them. Though his authorship of his first manuscript, the Gotha, cannot be proven, it is included below because it is a useful reference to compare to his authenticated works.

In addition to the four manuscripts which reproduce most or all of the contents of the Gotha version, there are three others that only reproduce single sections.

Wolfenbüttel Ⅰ (1465-80) reproduces only 15 of the 34 illustrated wrestling plays, and also omits their captions. These are not exact copies of the plays in the archetype, but are often depicted mirrored or with minor differences in hand or foot position.

Conversely, the Wolfenbüttel Ⅱ and Coburg versions (which date to the 17th and 18th centuries, respectively) contain the full section on trial by combat with longshields, and they exceed the other versions in that they add captions for many of the illustrations. It's unclear who wrote this text or when it was written, but it's possible that the text is original to the treatise and the archetype for all later versions is just a draft or incomplete copy from another manuscript, now missing. In the absence of more information, it seems prudent to treat the text as authentic.

To streamline the concordance, these additional sources are included at the far-right side of the respective tables and not included in any other sections.

No Translation	Archetype (1448) [edit] by Dierk Hagedorn	New York Version (1600s) [edit]	Göttingen Version (1600s) [edit]	Kassel Version (1600s) [edit]	Munich Version (ca.1820) [edit]	Wolfenbüttel Version Ⅱ (1600s) [edit] by Dierk Hagedorn	Coburg Version (1700s) [edit] by Dierk Hagedorn
[1]	[024r] [No text]					[43r] Figur des inwendigen Schildes, dessen durchgehendes stängelein die Kämpffer ergrieffen und damit den Schildt ^[14] regieret. Figur des außwendigen Schildes.	[40r] Figur des inwendigen Schildes, deßen durchgehendes stängelein die Kämpffer ergrieffen und damit den Schildt regieret. Figur des auswendigen Schildes.
[2]	[024v] [No text]	[020r] [No text]	[024r] [No text]	[367v] [No text]	[025v] [No text]	[43v] Dieser schild ist auff denen Ecken ausgeschweiffet, und haben die Kämpffer einander darmit an Köpffen oder Hälsen, Armen und beinen, anfassen und zu boden oder zu sich reissen können.	[40v] Dieser Schild ist auf denen Ecken ausgeschweiffet, und haben die Kämpffer einander darmit an Köpffen oder Hälsen, Armen und Beinen anfaßen und zu Boden oder zu sich reißen Können.
[3]	[025v] [No text]	[020v] [No text]	[024v] [No text]		[026v] [No text]	[13r] [No text] [12v] Hier wird der Aus forderungs Brieff fortgeschickt.	[14v] Hier wird der Ausforderungs Brieff fortgeschickt.
[4]	[026r] [No text]	[021r] [No text]	[025r] [No text]		[027r] [No text]	[14r] [No text] [13v] Der Ritter welcher die Aus forderung bestätiget.	[15r] Der Ritter welcher die Ausforderung bestätiget.
[5]	[027r] [In a banner] Meister seyt mir gar wilkum	[022v] Page:MS 26.236 022v.jpg	[026v] [No text]		[028r] Page:Cod.icon. 395 028r.jpg	[15r] [In a scroll.] Meister seyd mir Gott [!] willkom_men [14v] Die Ritter und grißwartten bieten ihre dienste als beystande an.	[16r] [In a scroll.] Meister seyd mir Gott [!] willkommen Die Ritter und Grießwartten bieten ihre Dienste als beystande an.
[6]	[026v] [No text]	[022r] [No text]	[026r] [No text]		[027v] [No text]	[16r] [No text] [15v] Die Kämpffer versprechen sich zusammen das sie erscheinen wollen.	[17r] [No text] [16v] Die Kämpffer versprechen sich zusammen, daß sie erscheinen wollen.
[7]	[027v] [No text]	[023v] [No text]	[027v] [No text]	[369v] [No text]	[028v] [No text]
[8]	[028r] [In a banner] Hilff · got · du · ewiges · wort · dem · leib · hie · · der · selb · dort :·: :Amen·:	[024r] Page:MS 26.236 024r.jpg	[028r] Page:2º Col.MS.Philos.61 028r.png	[370r] Page:2º MS iurid. 29 370r.png	[029r] Page:Cod.icon. 395 029r.jpg	[17r] [In a scroll.] Hilff Gott du Ewiges Wortt, dem Leibe hier, der Seelen dort. [16v] Der Kämpffer thut sein gebet zu Christo daß Er ihn bey stehen und seine unschuld retten wolle. Wessen das Wappen seyn solle, ist unbekandt.	[18r] [In a scroll.] Hilff Gott du Ewiges Wortt, dem Leibe Hier, der Selen dort. [17v] Der Kämpffer thut sein Gebet zu Christo, daß Er ihn bey stehen und seine Unschuld retten wolle. Weßen das Wappen seyn solle, ist unbekandt
[9]	[028v] [No text]	[024v] [No text]	[028v] [No text]		[029v] [No text]	[18r] Ritter S. Jörg, nu won mir bey und mach mich aller Sorgen frey. Amen [17v] Weil hier das bildnuß Maria und das ritters S. Jörgen stehet, will ich die Abergläubische händel, Welche die fechtmeister auff beyde nahmen gegründet haben, kürtzlich erzehlen. Meister liechtenauer in seinem Kunst buch deß langen schwerdts Anno 1443. geschrieben, schreibet da von nachfolgendes: Wisset daß die hohen meister alle gemeiniglich die nahmen getheilt haben in 2. theil. den ersten unser frauen nahmen der Jungfer Marien zugehöret, und den andern theil S. Jörgen. Also welcher nahme unser frauen zugehöret, der an ihrem theil stehet, den heissen Sie unser frauen bruder, und welcher an S. Jörgen theil stehet, den heissen sie S. Jörgen bruder. Darauff wisset, alle nahmen die unser frauen brüder sind, haben 3. Tage in einer ytzlichen wochen, gantzen Sygk, und den Sontag nachmittag. So haben S. Jörgen brüder auch 3. Tage in einer ytzlichen wochen gantzen Sygk, und den Suntag vormittage .etc. hiernach folget eine Tabel derienigen nahmen welcher unser frauen brüder, oder S. Jörgen brüder seyn, und wer sich darnach richtet der soll gesichert seyn, daß er nicht gefallen mag. Auff diese Tabel setzt der Autor runde figuren oder zirckel des Pythagorae, Ptolomaei, platonis, Aristotelis und	[19r] Ritter S. Jörg [, nu won mir] bey und mach mich aller Sorgen frey. Amen^[15] [18v] Weil hier das Bildnuß Maria und des Ritters S. Jörgen stehet, will ich die Abergläubische Händel, welche die Fechtmeister auff beyde Nahmen gegründet haben, kürtzlich erzehlen. Meister Liechtenauer in seinem Kunst buch deß langen schwerdts Anno 1443. geschrieben, schreibet davon nachfolgendes: Wißet daß die Hohen Meister alle gemeiniglich die Nahmen getheilet haben in 2. theil. Den Ersten unser Frauen Nahmen der Jungfer Marien zugehöret, und den andern theil S. Jörgen. Also welcher Nahme unser Frauen zugehört, der an ihrem theil stehet, den heißen sie unser Frauen Bruder, und welcher am S. Jörgen Theil stehet, den heißen sie S. Jörgen Bruder. Darauf wißet, alle nahmen die unser Frauen Brüder sind, haben 3. Tage in einer itzlichen Wochen gantzen Sygck, und den Sonntag nachmittag. So haben S. Jörgen Brüder auch 3. Tage in einer ytzlichen Wochen gantzen Sygck, und den Suntag vormittage .etc. hiernach folget eine Tabel derjenigen Nahmen welcher unser Frauen Brüder, oder S. Jörgen Brüder seyn, und wer sich darnach richtet, der soll gesichert seyn, daß er nicht gefallen mag. Auff die Tabel setzt der Autor runde figuren oder zirckel des Pythagorae, Ptolomaei, platonis, Aristotelis und Haly, mit den Buchstaben des Alphabets
[10]	[029r] [No text]	[025r] [No text]	[029r] [No text]		[030r] [No text]
[11]	[029v] [No text]	[025v] [No text]	[029v] [No text]		[030v] [No text]	[19r] [No text] [18v] Haly, mit den buchstaben des Alphabets und allerhand zahlen, darinnen man finden solle, wenn zwene rechten, oder ringen, oder stechen, oder was sie thun, welcher obliegen werde, und füllet einige bogen damit an, allein weil es zu nichts dienet, habe ich solches übergehen wollen. Wo zu diese stange oder balcken gebraucht worden, kann aber nicht wissen. Wollen vieleicht die Schrancken da von bauen.	[20r] [No text] [19v] und allerhand zahlen, darinnen man finden solle, wenn zwene rechten oder ringen, oder stechen, oder was sie thun, welcher obliegen werde, und füllet einige Bogen damit an, allein weil es zu nichts dienet, habe ich solches übergehen wollen Der Kämpffer thut sein Gebet zu Christo, daß er ihn bey stehe, und seine Unschuld retten wolle. Weßen das Wappen seyn solle, ist unbekandt. Wozu diese Stange oder Balken gebraucht worden kan aber nicht wißen. wollen vielleicht die Schrancken davon bauen.
[12]	[030r] [No text]	[026r] [No text]	[030r] [No text]		[031r] [No text]
[13]	[030v] [No text]	[026v] [No text]	[030v] [No text]		[031v] [No text]	[20r] [No text] [19v] Hier erlustirt sich der Kämpffer mit der Jagt.	[21r] [No text] [20v] Hier erlustirt sich der Kämpffer mit der Jagd
[14]	[031r] [No text]	[027r] [No text]	[031r] [No text]	[368r] [No text]	[032r] [No text]
[15]	[031v] [No text]	[027v] [No text]	[031v] [No text]		[032v] [No text]	[21r] [No text] [20v] Ist und trinckt und macht sich lustig.	[22r] [No text] [21v] Ist und trinkt und macht sich lustig.
[16]	[032r] [No text]	[028r] [No text]	[032r] [No text]		[033r] [No text]
[17]	[032v] [No text]	[028v] [No text]	[032v] [No text]		[033r] [No text]	[22r] [No text] [21v] Badet, damit ihm der leib und glieder fein gelencke werden.	[23r] [No text] [22v] Badet, damit ihm der Leib und glieder fein gelencke werden.
[18]	[033r] [No text]	[029r] [No text]	[033r] [No text]		[034r] [No text]
[19]	[033v] [No text]	[029v] [No text]	[033v] [No text]		[034v] [No text]
[20]	[034r] [No text]	[030r] [No text]	[034r] [No text]		[035r] [No text]
[21]	[034v] [No text]	[030v] [No text]	[034v] [No text]		[035v] [No text]	[23r] [No text] [22v] Setz sich in die Bad stube und läst vieleicht zur Ader, damit er zum kämpffen desto hurttiger sey.	[24r] [No text] [23v] Setz sich in die Badstube und läst vieleicht zur Ader, damit er zum Kämpffen desto hurtiger sey.
[22]	[035r] [No text]	[031r] [No text]	[035r] [No text]		[036r] [No text]
[23]	[035v] [No text]	[031v] [No text]	[035v] [No text]		[036v] [No text]	[24r] [No text] [23v] Praeparirt sich zum Tode und beichtet.	[25r] [No text] [24v] Praeparirt sich zum Tode und beichtet.
[24]	[036r] [No text]	[032r] [No text]	[036r] [No text]		[037r] [No text]
[25]	[036v] [No text]	[032v] [No text]	[036v] [No text]		[037v] [No text]	[25r] [No text] [24v] Nimt abschied von seinen Weibe und gefreünden.	[26r] [No text] [25v] Nimt Abschied von seinen Weibe und gefreunden.
[26]	[037r] [No text]	[033r] [No text]	[037r] [No text]		[038r] [No text]
[27]	[037v] [No text]	[033v] [No text]	[037v] [No text]		[038v] [No text]	[26r] [No text] [25v] Empfäht das heilige Abendmahl.	[27r] [No text] [26v] Empfäht das heilige Abendmahl.
[28]	[038r] [No text]	[034r] [No text]	[038r] [No text]		[039r] [No text]	[27r] [No text] [26v] Nun sind die stühle vor die Kämpffer zurechte gesetz, und die Schrancken auffgebaut.	[28r] [No text] [27v] Nun sind die Stühle vor die Kämpffer zu rechte gesetzt und die Schrancken aufgebauet.
[29]	[038v] [No text]	[034v] [No text]	[038v] [No text]		[039v] [No text]	[28r] [No text] [27v] Der Kämpffer wird nun mehr zu dem Kampffplatz aus geführt.	[29r] [No text] [28v] Der Kämpffer wird nun mehr zu dem Kampffplatz ausgeführt.
[30]	[039r] [No text]	[035r] [No text]	[039r] [No text]		[040r] [No text]	[29r] [No text] [28v] Trit mit seinem Grießwartten und Waffen träger in den Kampffplatz.	[30r] [No text] [29v] Trit mit seinen Grießwartten und Waffen träger in den Kampffplatz.
[31]	[039v] [No text]	[035v] [No text]	[039v] [No text]		[040v] [No text]
[32]	[040r] [No text]	[036r] [No text]	[040r] [No text]		[041r] [No text]	[30r] [No text] [29v] Beyde Kämpffer lassen ihre Särge in den Kampff Platz bringen, setzen sich auff ihre stühle und erwartten das zeichen zum Kampff.	[31r] [No text] [30v] Beyde Kämpffer laßen ihre Särge in dem Kampff platz bringen, setzen sich auff ihre stühle, und erwartten das zeichen zum Kampff.
[33]	[040v] [No text]	[036v] [No text]	[040v] [No text]		[041v] [No text]	[31r] [No text] [30v] Hier wird vor die Kämpffer zu Christo gebeten daß er ihnen wolle gnädig seyn und dem gerechten den Sieg ver leihen.	[32r] [No text] [31v] Hier wird vor die Kämpffer zu Christo gebehte daß er ihnen wolle gnädig seyn und dem Gerechten den Sieg verleihen.
[34]	[041r] [No text]	[037r] [No text]	[042r] [No text]		[042r] [No text]	[32r] [No text] [31v] Der Waffen träger überreicht den Kämpffer seine Waffen.	[33r] [No text] [32v] Der Waffenträger überreicht den Kämpffer seine Waffen
[35]^[16]	[041v] da lat der maister den [?] schilt seczen vñ kolben^[17]				[042v] [No text]
[36]	[042r] [No text]	[038r] [No text]	[043r] [No text]	[370v] [No text]	[043r] [No text]	[33r] [No text] [32v] Hier gehen sie mit Schilden und Kolben auff ein ander loß, welches sonst auch mit den Schwerdten geschehen.	[34r] [No text] [33v] Hier gehen sie mit Schilden und Kolben auff einander loß, welches sonst auch mit den Schwerdten geschehen.
[37]	[043r] [No text]	[039r] [No text]	[044r] [No text]		[044r] [No text]
[38]	[044r] [No text]	[040r] [No text]	[045r] [No text]		[045r] [No text]
[39]	[045r] [No text]	[041r] [No text]	[046r] [No text]		[046r] [No text]
[40]	[046r] [No text]	[042r] [No text]	[047r] [No text]		[047r] [No text]	[34r] [No text] [33v] Der eine Kämpffer wird nach dem sie die Kolben hingeworffen, mit dem schilde blessirt.	[35r] [No text] [34v] Der eine Kämpffer wird nach dem sie die Kolben hingeworffen, mit dem Schilde blessirt.
[41]	[047r] [No text]	[043r] [No text]	[048r] [No text]		[048r] [No text]	[35r] [No text] [34v] Und gar erleget.	[36r] [No text] [35v] und gar erlegt.
[42]	[048r] [In a banner] gotes dine° wil ich sin er hat behiet daz lebn min [In modern script] Gottes diener wil ich sin, Er hat behüt das Leben min.	[044r] Page:MS 26.236 044r.jpg	[049r] Page:2º Col.MS.Philos.61 049r.png	[368v] Page:2º MS iurid. 29 368v.png	[049r] Page:Cod.icon. 395 049r.jpg	[36r] [In a scroll.] Gottes diener wil ich sin, Er hat behüt das leben min. [35v] Hier liegt der ertödtete auff der bahre und der andere dancket Gott das er dem Sieg davongetragen.	[37r] [In a scroll.] Gottes diener wil ich sin, Er hat behüt das leben min [36v] Hier liegt der ertödtete auff der bahre und der andere danket Gott, daß er den Sieg davongetragen.

No Translation	Archetype (1448) [edit] by Dierk Hagedorn	New York Version (1600s) [edit]	Göttingen Version (1600s) [edit]	Kassel Version (1600s) [edit]	Munich Version (ca.1820) [edit]
[1]	[083r] [No text]	[081r] [No text]	[084r] [No text]	[379r] [No text]	[084r] [No text]
[2]	[083v] [No text]	[081v] [No text]	[084v] [No text]		[084v] [No text]
[3]	[084r] [No text]	[082r] [No text]	[085r] [No text]		[085r] [No text]
[4]	[084v] [No text]	[082v] [No text]	[085v] [No text]		[085v] [No text]
[5]	[085r] [No text]	[083r] [No text]	[086r] [No text]		[086r] [No text]
[6]	[085v] [No text]	[083v] [No text]	[086v] [No text]		[086v] [No text]
[7]	[086r] [No text]	[084r] [No text]	[087r] [No text]		[087r] [No text]
[8]	[086v] [No text]	[084v] [No text]	[087v] [No text]		[087v] [No text]
[9]	[087r] [No text]	[085r] [No text]	[088r] [No text]		[088r] [No text]
[10]	[087v] [No text]	[085v] [No text]	[088v] [No text]		[088v] [No text]
[11]	[088r] [No text]	[086r] [No text]	[089r] [No text]		[089r] [No text]
[12]	[088v] [No text]	[086v] [No text]	[089v] [No text]		[089v] [No text]
[13]	[089r] [No text]	[087r] [No text]	[090r] [No text]		[090r] [No text]
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Draft Translation (from the Vienna) by Hugh Knight	Archetype (1446-1459) [edit] by Dierk Hagedorn	Vienna Version (1480-1500) [edit] by Gustav Hergsell	Augsburg Version (1561) [edit]
[1] One notices, if a nobleman has an agreement that he is provoked to a duel, or provokes one, then he should remember to take a master who could prepare him for the fight, and is from the master to be sworn that he faithfully shares with him his art, and not tell his secrets or the tricks which he teaches.	[01r] Item Es ist zu° wissent des ersten wen ain bÿder man zeschaffen haut das Im geschriben würt zu° dem ernst oder er aim schribt so sol er gedencken das er stelle nach aim maister der in zu° dem kampff versorge~ kind^[18] vnd sol Im den maister haissen geloben das er Im trẅlich sein kunst mittaill Vnd sein haimlichait nit sag vnd auch nit wider in sÿ das er die kunst niemat wissen lauß die er In ler°	[01r] Item. Es ist zu wissen, des Ersten wen ain bydrman ze schaffen hawe, das Im geschriben wäre zu dem ernst oder er aim schreybe, so sol er gedencken das er sulle nemen ain maister, der In zu dem kampf versorgen kind vnd sol Im den Maister hayssen globen, das er Im treulich sein kunst mit tail vnd sein Haymlichayt nit sag vnd auch nit wider In sey, das er kunst niemann wissen lasz, die er In Ler.	[02r] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 02r.png
[2] The young nobleman has to be careful not to have too much confidence in people and not to give his secret arts away to anybody, so that he will not be betrayed, and particularly he is to rise all days early, hear a mass, then to go home, eat a slice of Johanisbrot, and then practice for two hours with effort, not eat much fat, practice again in the afternoon for two hours and at night before going to sleep to eat a piece of pumpernickel/dark bread, which has been soaked in cold water; that makes good breath and widens the chest.	Item Es sol auch der Junckher sich hütten das er nit vill gehaimß mit den lütten hab das sein haimlichait niemen erfar vnd das im nit werd v°geben vnd besunder so sol er alltag frü vff stãn vnd hören ain meß vnd dar nach hain gãn vnd sol essen ain schnÿtte santj Johans brott vnd sich arbaitten zwu° stund in der ler vnd nit vil faists dings essen Vnd nach mittag aber zwu° stund Vnd zenacht so er schlauffen wil gãn so sol er essen ain Ruggj schnÿtte brot vß ainem kaltten wasser das macht Im gu°tten autem vnd wit vmb das hertz	Item. Es sol auch der Junckher sich hüten, das er nit vil gehayms mit den Leuten hab, das sein heymlichayt niemann erfar vnd das Im nit werd vergeben, vnd besunder so sol er altag frue auff stan vnd hören ain mesz vnd dar nach haym gan vnd sol essen ain schnytten sanct Johans prott vnd sich arbayen zwo stunde In der ler vnd nit vil faists dings essen vnd nach mittag aber zwo stunde vnd zu nacht so er schlaffen wil gan so sol essen ain rugk schwarez brot ausz ainem kalten wasser das macht Im guten atem vnd weyt vmb das herez.	Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 02r.png
[3] If the business is then to take place, he is to turn to a city, which pleases him therefore, asking for inlet and protection; if one assures that to him, then he requires free escort for himself and his companions.	It~ wer den das der söltte für sich gãn So sol erschriben aⁱn aiñ stat die Im den dar zu° gefelt vmb in lauß vnd vmb glichen schirm vnd wen Im das zu° geseÿt würt so sol er begern das man Im ain frÿeß gelaitt geb für sich selb vnd alle dÿ die mit Im dar koment	Item wa den das da sule fur sich gan, so sol er schreyben In ain stat, die Im dan dar zw gefale vmb Inlass vnd vmb gleichen schrym vnd wan Im das zw gesagt wirdt, so sol er begern, das man, Im am freysz gelatde geb fur sich selb vnd alle, die da mit Im dar komen.	Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 02r.png
[4] The fencing master is to lead the young nobleman who wants to duel to a lonely place (a church) and have him kneel down and ask god to lend him a lucky hour and victory.	It~ Es sol auch der schirm maister den Junckher niemen der da kempffen will vnd sol In füren ain haimlich stat als in ain kürchen vnd sol in haissen nder knüen^[19] vnd got bitten das er Im v°lich ain gluckhafft stund vnd^[20] Im v°lich süg das er seinem feind angesüg	Item. Es sol auch der schrym maister den Jungkher nemen, der da kempfen wil, vnd sol In furen an ain haymlich stat alsz In ain kirchen vnd sol In hayssen nyder knyen vnd got pitten, das er Im verleich ain glugkhafft stunde vnd Im verleich sig das er seinem feind angesig.	Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 02r.png
[5] Hе should also have a bold heart and strong fists, that is also very good in addition.		Vnd ain gut herez vnd starck fewst hab das ist auch fast gut dar zu.	Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 02r.png
[6] Young man, now learn to love god and honor women, speak well of women апd be brave, as one should bе, guагd yourself from lies and deceit. Strive after integrity апd take great pains in your knightly practices: throwing апd pushing stones, dancing апd jumping, fencing апd wrestling, running at the lance апd tournaments, апd courting beautiful women. Be in a light апd humorous mооd: fencing requires heart; if you frighten easily, then you are not to learn to fence. The whole art would bе lost, because the roar of the impact аnd the rough strokes make a cowardly heart fearful.	[01v] Jung man nu lern got liebhãn vñ frawe~ eren red frawen woll vnd biß manlich da mã soll hüt dich võ lügen vnd vor schamlichen krüge~ setz din syn vff erlich sach vnd gedenck nach ritte~ schafft mit freiden üben stain werffen vñ stang schüben tantzen vnd springen fechtten vnd rÿngen stechen vnd turniere~ schönen frawe~ hofiere~ ainß schimpff sande~ schertz fechtten wil haben ain h°tz Jung man erschrickst du gern so soltu nit fechtte~ lernen Es wer v°lore~ kunst wen võ dem schlag de~ dãnst vnd die grossen straich machñt ain zag h°tz bald waich	[01v] Jung man, nun lern Got lieb han vnd frawn ern Red frawn wol vnd pysz manlich, dan man sol. Hut dich vor lugen vnd vorschamlichen krugen (trugen). Seez dein syn auff erlich sach, vnd gedenckh nach ritterschaft Mit frowden yben stainwerffen vnd stain schüben Tanczen vnd springen, Fechten vnd ringen, Stechen vnd turnyrn, Schön frawn hofiren. Ains schympf sander scherez. Fechten wil haben ain herez : Junhk man erschrickstu gern, So soltu nit fechten lern. Es wird verloren kunst, Wen von dem schlag der dunst vnd die grossen straich Machen einzag herez pald waich.	[02v] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 02v.png
[7] Show manly courage against anyone who wrongs you. If you want to remain in honors then practice the truth. Be wary of evil people who could not keep up loyalty. If you understood this well, thus join the gооd. If you are given advice, then consider it well. Then you will be able to recognize if it will avail or harm. Thus speaks Talhoffer. Now learn the true tenets: you пееd bethink your self well if you want to fence or to wrestle; retain the secrets of fencing, do not trust everyone. Stand as firm as a bear апd dо not slide back апd forth.	Nu~ hab ain manß mu°t gen dem der dir vnrechtt tu°t wiltu mit eren beliben so soltu die warheit nit v°triben hüt dich vor den bösen die trẅ nit kündent lösen haust du das recht v°numen so gesell dich zu° den frumen wen man dir rãt wil geben so soltuß mercken gar eben sol machst du v°stãn dabÿ ob es dir gu°t oder schad sÿ Also redt der talhoffer Nu~ merck vff die rechtu mer du solt dich ga° woll besÿnne~ wer du wilt fechtten oder rÿnge~ vnd merck vff des fechtes trẅ der sÿtt de~ ist nit nẅ getrw nit ÿederman vnd stand vast als der ber das du nit schliffest hin vnd her	Nun hab ains mans mut Gen dem, der da vnrecht thut. Wiltu mit eren beleyben, So soltu di warhayt treyben. Hut dich vor dem bösen Die treu nit kunden lösen. Hastu das recht vernumen, So gesel dich zu den frumen. Wen man dir rat wil geven, so soltusz mercken gar eben ; So magst du verstan do pey, Ob es dir gut oder schad sey. Also red der talhoffer. Nun merckh auff die rechte mer : Du solt dich gar wol besynen, Wan du wilt fechten oder ringen, Vnd merckh auf des vechtens treu, Da sy dir ist nu neu. Getraw nit yder man, vnd stand fast alsz der perr Das du nit schlipfest hin vnd her.	Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 02v.png
[8] This bear in mind апd apply your whole strength in the right dеgгее. Learn well the art апd often геgагd your fencing book, there you will find everything displayed.	Daruff so mercke vnd bruch all din stercke als in der rechtte wage nach gu°tter kunst so frage vnd sich dein bu°ch gar eben an so vindst du eß gemalet võ dir stãn	Dar auff merck Vnd prauch all dein sterck, Als in der rechten wag ; Nach guter kunst so frag, Vnd sich dein buch gar eben an, So finstu es gmalen vor da stan.	Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 02v.png
[9] Now will Leutold von Königsegg learn Dueling from Tafhoffer. Gоd releases us from all complaint.	Hie will lẅtold von küngs egg lernen zu° dem Ernst von dem Talhofer Got erlauß unß aller schwer	Nu wil Lwtold von Kungksegg lernen zu den Ernst von dem talhoffer. Got erlasz unsz aller schwer.	Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 02v.png

Illustrations

Draft Translation (from the Vienna)
by Brian Hunt

Archetype (1446-1459) [edit]
by Dierk Hagedorn

Berlin Version (1450s) [edit]
by Dierk Hagedorn

Vienna Version (1480-1500) [edit]
by Gustav Hergsell

Augsburg Version (1561) [edit]

[1]

[02r] [In a banner]
hilf got du ewiges wort dem lib hie der sel dort

[15r] [In a scroll]
hilf • got • du • ebiges • wort • dem leib • hie • de • sel •^[22]

[02r] [No text]

[04r] [No text]

[2] This is the first instruction therein one may learn to proceed (from) and is exceptional for one to begin from above and is also good for strikes.

This is the second stance in the advantage.

[03r] Das ist die erst anlaittu~g darin man ain lert gan vnd besunder die ober nach dem stand vnd ist auch gu°t für stechen

Das ist der ander stand Im fiertell

[15v] die zu°n ersten stend ain fu°r stechen den andern fu°r hawen

[03r] Das ist die erst anlaitung dar Inn man ain lert gan vnd besunder die ober nach dem stand vnd ist auch gut für stechen.

Das ist der ander stand Im furtell.

[12r] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 12r.png

[3] This is the second instruction (to go) from below to above.

This is the upper displacement and in the second instruction.

[04r] Das ist die ander an laittu~g von vnda vff

Das ist die ober v°satzu~g vnd in der andern anlaittu~g

[09r] die ersten züo anlaitung

[04r] Das ist die ander anlaitung von vnden uff.

Das ist die ober versatzung vnd in der andern anlaittung.

[13r] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 13r.png

[4] This is the third instruction and the correct stance in which to wait

Here is the instruction and the position for the fourth stance.

[05r] Das ist die drÿt anlaittu~g vnd der recht stand in der Ru°

Hie ist der anlaitt vnd stãt in dem vierden stand

[19r] die andern zuo

[05r] Das ist die drytt anlaittung vnd der recht stand in der ru.

Hie ist der anlaitt vnd stat In dem vierden stand.

[14r] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 14r.png

[5] Here he has the sword and the spear in his hands and (he is) positioned for a throw (throw can also be thrust).

This is the second stance for a throw.

[05v] Hie haut er schwert vnd spüß in den henden vnd staut für schiessen

[06r] Das ist der ander stand für schüssen

[19v] ain stand fu°r schiesen

[10r] der ander stand fu°r schieschen

[05v] Hie hat er schwerdt vnd spiessz in den henden vnd stat für schiessen

[06r] Das ist der ander stand für schiessen.

[14v] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 14v.png

[15r] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 15r.png

[6] This is the instruction for the middle (stance).

He stands in his guard.

[06v] Das ist die mÿttell anlaittu~g

[07r] Der staut in siner hu°t

[10v] die züo miteln anlait

[11r] [No text]

[06v] Das ist der Mittell anlaittung.

[07r] Der stat in seiner hut.

[15v] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 15v.png

[16r] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 16r.png

[7] He stands in the lower displacement.

The strike towards the foot.

[07v] Der stat in der nÿdern v°satzu~g

[08r] Der schlechtt im nach seim fu°ß

[11v] die wnder versatzung fu°r den schlag

[12r] [No text]

[07v] Der stat in der Nidern versatzung.

[08r] Der schlecht im nach seim fusz.

[16v] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 16v.png

[17r] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 17r.png

[8] Here he leads the murder strike.

Here he will defend himself from a strike.

[08v] Da fürt er den mordschlag

[09r] Da will er den straich weren

[12v] [No text]

[13r] die ober versatzung fu°r den schlag

[08v] Da fürt er dem mort schlag.

[09r] Da will er den straich weren.

[17v] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 17v.png

[18r] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 18r.png

[9] Here Hans Talhoffer prepares Lwtold von Küngsegg.

[09v] Hie leÿt hans talhofer lẅtold von küngs egg an

[13v] da let man in an

[09v] Hie legt hans talhoffer lwtold von küngsegg an.

[03r] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 03r.png

[10] Here he goes into the list and he walks with Talhoffer, the witness is in the lead.

[10r] Hie gaut er in den schranck vnd treit Im der talhofer den zẅg vor

[14r] da gat er in den schranken vñ dret man im den zu°g for etc

[10r] Hie gat er In den schranck vnd tregt Im der talhoffer den zeüg vor.

[05r] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 05r.png

[11] Here sits Lwtold von Kungsegg.

And there is his opponent.

[10v] Da sitzt lẅtold von küngs egg

[11r] Vnd da sein wider sach

[14v] [No text]

[05r] da sitzen sie gen ain ander hinder den schirmen

[10v] Da siczt Lwtold von Kungsegg.

[11r] Vnd da sein wider sach.

[05v] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 05v.png

[07r] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 07r.png

[12] Here he will throw.

Here he uses a cover.

[11v] Der will schüssen

[12r] Da wert er den schutzs

[05v] der will schiechsen

[20r] der stat fu°r den schutz

[11v] Der will schiessen.

[12r] Da wert er den schutzs.

[07v] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 07v.png

[08r] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 08r.png

[13] There he has a cover against a strike.

There he runs on in.

[12v] Da haut er den schutz vß geschlagen

[13r] Da laufft er in an

[20v] der hat den schutz vss geschlagen

[06r] der wil nach dem schutz in lofen

[12v] Da hat er den schusz vsz geschlagen.

[13r] Da lauffte er In an.

[08v] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 08v.png

[09r] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 09r.png

[14] There they have arrived at their work (close combat) and seek to turn any opening to their advantage.

[13v] Da sind sÿ zemen kum~en in die arbait vnd su°cht ÿetliche~ die blöß vff sin vortaill

[06v] das an binden

[13v] Da sind sy zemen kumen In die arbait vnd sucht yetlicher die blösz uff sein vortaill.

[09v] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 09v.png

[15]

[03r] das recht werlos machen

[16]

[03v] das beschliesen

[17]

[18r] der irgang

[18]

[18v] das hin helfen dem mort schlag

[19] This is a seizure to the neck and a throw.

[14r] Das ist das fauchen vmb den hals vnd werffen

[24r] das risen vm den hals

[14r] Das ist das fauchen vmb den hals vnd werffen.

[10r] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 10r.png

[20] There positioned in the press.

[14v] Da stãnds im getrang

[24v] in dem gedrang

[14v] Da stands im getrang.

[10v] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 10v.png

[21] The thrust (to the) inside (of) the gauntlet.

[15r] Das füren bÿ dem hentschoch

[25r] das fu°ren vss dem krais

[15r] Das furen bey dem hantschuch.

[11r] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 11r.png

[22] The sword is taken.

[15v] Das schwert niemen

[25v] das schwert niemen

[15v] Das schwert nemen.

[11v] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 11v.png

[23] Here he has set aside the strike.

[16r] Hie haut er den schlag v°setzt

[26r] duÿ versatzung fu°r den schlag vñ das risen vm~ den hals

[16r] Hie hat er den schlag verseczt.

[19r] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 19r.png

[24] Here he has parried and winds in with a thrust into the visor.

[16v] Da haut er v°setzt vnd went im de~ spitz inß visier

[26v] du°y versatzung fu°r den schlag vñ mit dem spitz in das fisir

[16v] Da hat er verseczt vnd went Im den spiecz In das visier.

[19v] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 19v.png

[25]

[17r] das risen mit dem heltz

[26]

[17r] das risen mit dem heltz

[27]

[21r] der ver stolen schlag zü dem end

[28]

[21v] der wrf ver borgen

[29]

[22r] das hend leme~ pg [?]

[30]

[22v] duÿ luter ver satzung

[31]

[02r] das zeren nach dem schlag

[32]

[02v] vss der luter versatzung das in brechen

[33] There he slips through and wants to take the sword.

[17r] Da schlẅfft er durch vnd wil das schwert niemen

[27r] da hand sy ain ander die schwert er grifen

[17r] Da schlwfft er durch vnd will das schwert nemen.

[20r] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 20r.png

[34] This is the defense (counter).

Device and counter.

[17v] Das ist der bruch

[27v] stuk vnd bruch

[17v] Das ist der Bruch.

[20v] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 20v.png

[35] Here is he in the act of entering the legs and he wants him to bend down.

[18r] Hie ist er im In geschossen vnd will in nÿder wegen

[04r] das in schiesen zu° dem wrf

[18r] Hie ist er Im Ingeschossen vnd will In nider wegen.

[21r] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 21r.png

[36] Here he searches for an opening with the dagger.

[18v] Da su°cht er in mit dem tegen

[04v] das su°chen nach dem wrf

[18v] Da sucht er in mit dem tegen

[21v] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 21v.png

[37] Here they lay and either (one of them) seeks for his advantage.

[19r] Da ligent sÿ vnd su°cht ÿetlicher sein vortall

[16r] das vff stan vnder dem man

[19r] Da ligend sy vnd sucht yetlicher sein vortaill

[22r] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 22r.png

[38] There he has seized him from above and jerks him up.

[19v] Da haut er in über grüffen vnd zuckt in vff

[16v] das u°ber grifen

[19v] Da hat er In vbergriffen vnd zuckt In uff.

[22v] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 22v.png

[39] There he throws him down.

[20r] Da wirff er in nÿder

[08r] den letzsten wrf(f)

[20r] Da wirfft er In nider.

[23r] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 23r.png

[40] There he breaks into the helmet.

[20v] Da bricht er im die huben vff

[08v] da bricht er im die huben vff

[20v] Da bricht er Im die huben uff.

[23v] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 23v.png

[41] Here he has stabbed him to death on the inside (of the helmet).

[21r] Hie_hauter in erstochen

[07r] da hat er in er stochen

[21r] Hie hat er In erstochn.

[24r] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 24r.png

[42] There he has stood up and looks to see if he still moves.

[21v] Da ist er vff gestanden vnd lu°get ob er sich noch reg

[07v] da ist es volbracht dar vm er hie ist

[21v] Da ist er uff gestanden und lugt ob er sich noch_reg.

[24v] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 24v.png

[43] They undress one.

[22r] Da zẅcht man ab

[23r] da zu°cht man den doten ab

[22r] Da zwcht man ab.

[25r] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 25r.png

[44] They lay one into his bier (coffin).

[22v] Da leÿt man in die baur

[23v] da let man in die bar

[22v] Da leyt man In die baur.

[25v] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 25v.png

[45] Here he thanks God.

[23r] Da tancket er got

[In a banner]
Gottes diener will ich sein Er haut behüt das leben mein •:• lẅtold von küngs egg

[01r] h°e dankt der got

[In a scroll]
herr • got • du • hast • geholfe~ • mir • dar • vm~ • so • wil • ich • dancke~ • dir

[23r] Da tancket er gott.

[26r] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 26r.png

[46] Here stands Lwtold von Kungsegg and hands over the sword to Talhoffer.

[24r] Hie stat lẅtold von küngs egg vnd bẅt im der talhoffer das schwert

[24r] Hie stat Lwtold von Kungsegg vnd bwt Im der talhoffer das schwert.

[27r] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 27r.png

Draft Translation by Cory Winslow	Archetype (1446-1459) [edit] by Dierk Hagedorn	Berlin Version (1450s) [edit] by Dierk Hagedorn	Vienna Version (1480-1500) [edit] by Gustav Hergsell	Augsburg Version (1561) [edit]
[1] Here Luithold von Königsegg begins to learn the dagger from Master Hans Talhoffer.	[25r] Hie vachtt lẅtold von küngs egg an zelernen indem tegen von maister hanssen talhoffer	[34r] hie gat duÿ ler an mit dem degen	[25r] Hie vacht Lwtold von Kungsegg an ze leren In dem tegen von maister hannsen taloffer.	[28r] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 28r.png
[2] This is the first and upper stab. This is the second and reversed stab.	[25v] Das ist der ober stich vnd der erst Das ist der eppich stich vnd der ander	[34v] der stich vnd der stand dar fu°r etc	[25v] ^[23]Das ist der ober stich vnd der erst. Das ist der ebich stich vnd der ander.	[28v] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 28v.png
[3] He stands in the lower guard in the third stab. This is the fourth stab armed.	[26r] Der staut inder vndren hu°t indem drÿtten stÿch Das ist der viert stÿch gewappet	[35r] der ander stich vnd der stand dar fu°r von dem stich kumend zuay ver kertn rangen	[26r] Der stat in der vndern hut In dem dritten stich. Das ist der viert stich gewappet.	[29r] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 29r.png
[4] There he has nullified his stab and wants to punch him in the mouth with the fist.	[26v] Da haut er im den stich entwertt vnd will in mit der funst inß mull stosen	[35v] der bruch fu°r den stich etc	[26v] Der hat Im den stich entwert vnd will Im mit der fawst In das mawl stossen.	[29v] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 29v.png
[5] Here he has parried without (?) the dagger and wrenches it away.	[27r] Hie haut er v°setzt añ den tegen vnd_wirgttin Im vß	[36r] da hat er den stich gewent vnd grift nach im	[27r] Hie hat er verseczt awn (?) den tegen vnd wirgt In Im ausz.	[30r] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 30r.png
[6] There he has resisted his lower stab and wants to wrench his arm onto the shoulder.	[27v] Da haut der im gewertt den vndern stich vnd will im wirgen den arm vff die achsell	[36v] der bruch fu°r den vnder stich ※P※	[27v] ^[24]Da hat er Im gewert den vndern stich vnd wil Im wirgen den arm uff die achsell.	[30v] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 30v.png
[7] There he has parried his stab and throws him over the foot.	[28r] Da haut er Im den stich v°setzt vnd wirfft in über den fu°ß	[50r] der bruch vnd der wrff	[28r] Da hat er im den stich verseczt vnd wirgt In von Im wirfft In vber den fusz.	[31r] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 31r.png
[8] There he has parried in the scissors.	[28v] Da haut er v°setztt in der schärr	[50v] die scher in degen	[28v] Da hat er verseczt in die schäre.	[31v] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 31v.png
[9] There he has parried his stab and wrenches him away from him.	[29r] Da haut er Im den stich v°setztt vnd wirggtt in von Im	[49r] der grif in den elenbogen	[29r] Da hat er Im den stich verseczt vnd wirgt In von Im.	[32r] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 32r.png
[10] The throw on the back and the arm breaking.	[29v] Das werffen an den ruggen vnd das arm brechen	[49v] das arm brechen	[29v] Das werffen an den ruggen vnd das arm brechen.	[32v] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 32v.png
[11] Here he has inverted him and throws him on his head.	[30r] Hie haut er in v°kert vnd wirfft in vff den kopff	[46r] das durch grifen	[30r] Hie hat er In verkert vnd wirfft In uff den kopff.	[33r] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 33r.png
[12] Technique and counter.	[30v] Stuck vnd bruch	[46v] stuk vnd bruch zu°fach	[30v] Stuck vnd bruch.	[33v] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 33v.png
[13] Throwing in the dagger.	[31r] Das werffen im tegen	[47r] das werfen ※P※	[31r] Das werffen Im tegen.	[34r] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 34r.png
[14] The upper shield to take the dagger.	[31v] Der ober schiltt zu° dem tegen niemen	[47v] der schilt im degen ※P※	[31v] Der ober schilt zu dem tegen nemen.	[34v] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 34v.png
[15] Bind against bind and taking the dagger.	[32r] Punt wider punt vnd den tegen niemen	[40r] das degen nemen mit ainer hand etc	[32r] Punt wider punt vnd den tegen nemen.	[35r] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 35r.png
[16] The crossing over and throwing.	[32v] Das über schrencken vnd werffen	[40v] das wiber grifen	[32v] Das uber schrencken vnd werfen.	[35v] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 35v.png
[17] The lower shield for the lower stab.	[33r] Der vnder schiltt für den vndern stich	[39r] der vnder schilt	[33r] Der vnder schilt fur den vndern stich.	[36r] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 36r.png
[18] A lock around the arm.	[33v] Ain schlüssen vmb den arm	[39v] das arm wirgen	[33v] Das schlüssen umb den arm.	[36v] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 36v.png
[19] The catching in the dagger and the leading.	[34r] Das fachen im tegen vnd das füren	[42r] das vachen	[34r] Das fachen Im tegen vnd das füren.	[37r] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 37r.png
[20] The counter against the leading.	[34v] Der bruch über das füren	[42v] der bruch fu°r das beschliese[n]	[34v] Der bruch uber das füren.	[37v] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 37v.png
[21] There they have both parried the stabs.	[35r] Da haut sÿ baid die stich v°setztt	[41r] da hand sy die stich bed gewent	[35r] Da Hand sie baide die stich verseczt.	[38r] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 38r.png
[22] There he has thrown him and lifted him with force.	[35v] Da haut er im geworffen vnd hept in mit gewaltt	[41v] der letzst wrff zü dem end etc item von jechtlichem stuk im degen kumend allu ringen vñ der degen halt gatz das ringen in	[35v] Da hat er In geworffen vnd hebt In mit gewalt.	[38v] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 38v.png

Complete Translation by Betsy Winslow	Archetype (1446-1459) [edit] by Dierk Hagedorn	Berlin Version (1450s) [edit] by Dierk Hagedorn	Vienna Version (1480-1500) [edit] by Gustav Hergsell	Augsburg Version (1561) [edit]
[1] The displacing for the side strike.	[45r] Die v°satzung für die sÿten schlegg		[45r] [No text]	[47r] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 47r.png
[2] The stab over the arm. He stands with the spear.	[45v] Der stich über den arm Der stand Im spüß		[45v] [No text]	[47v] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 47v.png
[3] He strikes down from above. He stands for the great strike.	[46r] Der schlag von oben nÿder Der stand für den grossen schlag	[33r] da will er den grossen schlag weren ※P※	[46r] [No text]	[48r] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 48r.png
[4] There has he defended the great strike and thrusts his glaive through him.	[46v] Da haut er den grossen schlag gewert vnd stost sein glän durch In	[33v] da hat ers volbracht	[46v] [No text]	[48v] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 48v.png
[5] He has struck over. He throws the point before and will step to him.	[47r] Der haut v°schlagen Der wirfft den ort für vnd will zu° Im tretten	[56r] da ver setzt er mit stal [?]	[47r] [No text]	[49r] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 49r.png
[6] Here he has stepped to him and has him trapped with the glaive by the neck and will throw him.	[47v] Hie ist er zu° im getretten vnd haut in mit der glän gevangen bÿ dem hals vnd will in werffen	[56v] da hat er versetzt vñ tribt das risen vm~ den hals	[47v] [No text]	[49v] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 49v.png
[7] Thus he has struck. So has he displaced armed and let the point go through him.	[48r] Als der geschlagen hautt So haut der gewappett v°setzt vnd laut daz ortt durch in gãn	[45r] da hat er versetzt vñ lat den ort durchin gan	[48r] [No text]	[50r] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 50r.png
[8] So he has struck. Thus has he defended it and will throw him by the foot.	[48v] So der geschlagen haut Als haut eß der gewertt vnd wil in werffen bÿ dem fu°ß	[45v] das werfen in der glen	[48v] [No text]	[50v] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 50v.png
[9] Thus he is running in and has struck well. So he has thrown the armed spear forward, and gripped over his arm with the left hand, and thrust the spear through him with the right.	[49r] Als der in geloffen ist vnd hautt wellen schlachen So hautt der den spüß für geworffen gewappett vnd im mit der glinggen hand den arm über grüffen vnd stost mit der rechtten den spüß durch Inn	[55r] [No text]	[49r] [No text]	[51r] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 51r.png
[10] This is the advantage with the glaive against a knight.	[49v] Das ist der vortaill mit der glän gen aim rÿttenden	[55v] [No text]	[49v] [No text]	[51v] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 51v.png

Illustrations	Complete Translation by Rebecca Garber	Archetype (1459) [edit] by Dieter Bachmann
	[1]^[27] Conclusion of the strike^[28] If you want to be happy in your fighting Be lively, do not maintain^[29] the plays for long, In addition, laugh in a pretty way And be serious [about serious things] The trust in the sword, Which Talhoffer teaches You should neither trust nor believe anyone in the sword So that your blood does not run over your eyes.	[1v] Beschliessung der höw Wiltu daz dirß fechten glück bïß frisch verhalt nit lang die stück Darzuo hypschlich lachen und die ernstlichen machen Daz trew im Schwert Die der talhofer lert Im Schwert soltu nyemen trewen noch gelouben So rint dir daz blut nit uber die ougen etc.
	[2] Item: The palace of the correct art, according to which it is also easy to understand, as the masters divided it from nearby paths, because this is the correct foundation.	Jtem die Sloß der rechten kunst nach dem alß die maister die abgetailt hand von genähe wegen daz ouch billich zu behaltent ist wenn diß ist der recht grunde.
	[3] Item: Regarding the first. Whenever you seriously want to fight with someone, then observe how you arrange [a meeting] with him and at which hour. Afterward, equip yourself with everything according to need, and do this yourself in secret. And tell no one what you have in mind, or would want to do, because the world is the false. And equip your gloves^[30] according to your advantage with everything, sword and gambeson, hose, and whatever you then want to use. And consider, however, how you arrange [a meeting] with him, as it will remain thereby, because the sword has no rights otherwise, except that it is its own free will.	Jtem zu dem ersten wenn du in ernst mit ainem fechten wilt, so luog wie du mit im abredest und uff wolche stund. nachdem so richt dich nach notturft mit allem zeug, und daz tuo selber haimlich, und sag nymant waß du im sinn habest oder tun wollest, wenn die welt ist also valsch. und richt diu hentschuch nach deim vortail mit allem zeug, Schwert und wameß, hosen, und waß du denn bruchen wilt. und merck aber wie du mit im abredist, dann darby wirt eß beliben, wann daz schwert hat sunst kain recht, dann daz es aigner und fryer will ist.
	Item: when you enter into the barriers^[31] [at the field of combat] and want to begin, then let everyone say and do whatever he would want. And do not look behind you, and remain earnest in mind, and whatever he says to you, do not engage with it. And fight seriously there for yourself, and allow him no rest, and trust and follow the art. Do not fear his blows, and if he seriously wants to approach you, then pull the strikes from him so that any strike joyfully gainsays that	Item wenn du in den schrancken kumpst und an gan wilt, so lauß yaderman sagen und tun waß er wöll, und sich nit hindersich, und hab den ernst im sinn. und waß er mit dir red, da ker dich nit an, und ficht ernstlich für dich daz, und lauß im kain Ruo, und treu und folg der kunst. furcht nit sine sleg, und wil er ernstlich an dich, zuck innß treffen dz ich How wider fröhlich daran spricht
	[4] Hans Talhoffer, the good man, he must affirm the truth of that, because it has also happened to him likewise frequently and often.	Hanß talhofer der guot man. Daz muß er für die warhait jehen / Wann eß ist im ouch wol eben dick und offt beschehen ~

Illustrations	Complete Translation by Rebecca Garber	Archetype (1459) [edit] by Dieter Bachmann
	[1] Here one finds writing about fights. Item: Even though it now is the case, that the decretals forbid fights, yet the custom established [in the past] by emperors and kings, princes and lords, [was] to grant and allow fights, and additionally to offer the same protection, and, as is subsequently written here, particularly about several topics and subjects.	[8r] hie vint man geschriben von dem kempfen Item wie daz nun sy daz die decretaleß kempf verbieten, So hat doch die gewonhait herbracht von kaisern und künigen fürsten und hern noch gestatten und kempfen laussen, und darzu glichen schierm gebent, und besunder und umb ettliche sachn und artikeln, alß her nach geschriben staht.
	[2] Item: Regarding the first point: that no one likes to have his honor loudly cut short with words by someone who is his associate. He would rather fight with him, even though he could justifiably walk away from him if he wanted, and therefore fighting is [an act of] free will^[32] [that is legally unjustified].	Item zu dem ersten maul daz Im nymant gern sin Eer laut abschniden mit wortten ainem der sin genoß ist Er wolte Er hebet mit im kempfen wie wol er doch nit recht wol von im kem ob er wolte und darumb so ist kämpfen ain muotwill
	[3] Item: There are seven topics and subjects for which one is still obligated to fight. Item: the first is murder.^[33] The second is betrayal.^[34] The third is heresy. The fourth, whoever becomes unfaithful to his lord. The fifth, embracing strife or the like. The sixth, false representations. The seventh, whoever treats a virgin or woman violently.	Item der sachen und ardickelen sind siben Darumb man noch pfligt zu kempfen Item daz erst ist mortt Daz ander verräterniß Das dritt ketzery Daz vierd wölher an sinem herrn trulos wirt Daz fünfft umb fanknuß in striten oder sunsst Daz sechst um valsch Daz sibent da ainer junckfrowen oder frowen benotzogt
	[4] Item: If one man formally challenges the other to single combat,^[35] he should come before the court and should submit his cause through his legal representative, as to why he then brings a suit against him, and should name the man with Christian^[36] name and surname. Then it is correct, that he [the accuser] summons him [the accused] before the court and accuses him three times at three courts^[37] in succession. If he does not come and no one responds on his behalf, then he himself can no longer respond from that point onward, unless he proves legitimate necessity, according to the law. Then one should announce the judgment about him, to the same extent that the legal summons has been expressed in words^[38] within the country. Depending on where and when the accusation was submitted, the judgment should also be carried out there.	Item spricht ain man den andern kempflich an, der sol komen für gericht und sol durch sinen fürsprechen sin sach für legen, darumb er in denn an clagt und sol den man nennen mit dem touff namen und zuo namen. So ist recht, daz er in für gericht lad und in dry stund beklag uff dryen gerichten nach ain ander. kumt er denn nit und veranttwurt sich nach nymant von sinen wegen, so mag er sich fürbaß nit mer veranttwurten, [8v] er bewyse dann Ehafte nott als recht sy, so sel man in verurtailen alß fer in daz fürbott innerhalb landes begriffen hant. Je dar nach, alß die ansprach ist gegangen, darnach sol daz urtail ouch gan.
	[5] Item: Whoever has been formally challenged to single combat at the three courts, and comes at any time to respond, and disavows that about which the [other] one has challenged him, and he states “he is thus innocent of that”, and the [accuser] says to him, “that is not true”, and he wants to assert that again with combat and prove that on himself, according to the law in the country in which this occurs, and demands, in addition to the judgment, his training time.^[39] Then he is granted six weeks as his training time, and four days are also granted to him by the court, on which days they are to fight as is the custom and law in the country.	Item der da kempflich angesprochen wirt uff den dryen gerichten und er ainost zuo der antwort kumpt und leugnot darum man in an gesprochen hat und spricht er sy des also unschuldig und der sag uff in daz nit war sy und daz wöll er widerumb mit kempfen beherten und uff in daz wysen alß denn recht sy un dem land darinn eß sy und forttert dar über mit urtail seinen lertag, so werdent im sechß wochen ertailt zu sinem lertag und vier tag von dem gericht werdent im auch ertailt, daruff sie kempfen süllent alß in dem land gewonhait und recht ist.
	[6] Item: If two men randomly promise to fight against one another before the court, then one also gives them six weeks of training time and both are commanded to keep the peace, and whichever among them breaks the peace, he is condemned without the combat, as is correct.	Item versprechent sich zwen man willkürlich gen einander ain kampfez vor gericht, den git an auch sechs wochen lertag und sol in frid bannen baiden, und wolcher under den den frid brech, uber den richtet man on den kampf alß recht ist.
	[7] How one can legally withdraw from [fighting with] the other. Item: If a man is formally challenged to single combat by one, who is not as good as he [the challenged] is, he can legally withdraw from [fighting with] him if he wants, or if one man were said to be legally deprived of rights,^[40] or has become legally deprived of rights, one may also withdraw from the fight with him.	wie ainer dem anderen mit recht ^ußgan mag Item ist daz ein man kempflich angesprochen wiert von aim der nit alß gu^ot ist alß er, dem mag er mit recht uß gan ob er wil oder ob ain man echtloß gesagt würde oder worden wer, dem mag man ouch des kampfes absin.
	[8] Item: However, if the nobler formally challenges the lesser to single combat, then the lesser cannot withdraw.	Item spricht aber der edler den mindern an zu kempfen, so mag der den minderen nit wol absin.
	[9] Item: How it is possible that two men may not fight with one another, and whichever one of the two wants to, can withdraw from [fighting with] the other. Item: If two men are related to one another up to the fifth degree of kinship or closer, they may not legally fight with one another. and seven men must swear to this who are blood relatives on the fathers’ and mothers’ sides.	[9r] Item wie aber zwen mann nit mit ainender mügent kempfen und wolcher wil under den den zweye dem andern wol uß gan mag ~ Item wenn zween mann gefrunt sind biß uff die fünffte sipp oder näher die mügent durch recht nit mit ein ander kempfen und des müssen siben mann schwern die die vatter und muoter halb mäge sind. ~ ~
	[10] Item: How it is possible that one can be relieved from combat with another with appropriate conduct such as is described here. Item: If a lame man, or one, who has bad eyes, and is formally challenged to single combat, he can naturally acquire aid for himself with that, and withdraw from the healthy one. Unless wise people make this equal according to the persons, and wise people must do this according to their oath, and thus make them equal. It can also be [the case that] the lame man or the one with the bad eyes wants another to prevail in their place, who would fight for that one.	Item wie aber ainer dem andern kampfes absin mag mit solichem gelimpf alß hie geschriben stät Item ob ain lamer man oder ainer der böse ougen hett und kampfes an gesprochen wirt der mag sich der auch wol behellffen und dem gesunden us gan, Eß sy denn daz wyse lüt daz gelich nach der person machen und daz müssent wyß lüt uff ir aid tun und daz also glich machen. Es mag auch der lam oder mit den bosen ougen wol ainen an Ir statt gewinnen der für Iro ainen kempfe. ~ ~
	[11] Item: When the six weeks are thus up and the last day has arrived, on which the judge has decided that they should fight, then the two should come before the judge with such a display of honor^[41] and in such a spirit^[42]as custom and law teaches in the country in which they are to fight, or according to which they have confirmed through free will with one another.	Item wenn also die sechß wochen uß sind und der letst tag komen ist den in der richter beschaiden haut daruff kempfen sullen, So sullen sie beide für den richter komen mit solichem ertzögen und in solicher acht alß die gewonheit und das recht lert In dem lande dar Inn sie kempfen sullen oder nach dem alß sie mit einander gewillkürt habent Item etc. ~
	[12] Item: Then, the plaintiff should swear there, that he makes the accusation about the subject about which he challenged the other man, and then one should make a ring, and [find] judges^[43] for the legal single combat, to render judgement according to the advice of wise people and the customs of the country, and whoever does not appear in the ring on that day, that one is judged [to be] without victory [and] in error, unless [there is] legitimate necessity, which he shall prove according to the law.	Item so soll da der cleger schweren daz er der sach darumb er dem ainen man zugesprochen haut schuldig sy und denn so sol man in ainen ring machen und grieß wartten und urttail geben [9v] nach wyser lute raut und nach des landeß gewonhait. und wer uff den tag in den ring nit kumpt den urttailt man sigeloß Ir in irre denn Ehafte nott die sol er bewysen alß recht ist ~ ~
	[13] Here it is written how one should hold one’s self, when the fighters have entered the ring at the hour and at the time [at which] one should fight as adversaries. When the fighters have thus entered the ring, Then the judge should strictly forbid all disruptions and coaching from that hour onward, under threat to body and property, and should not permit that one is not assisted or punished more than the other, and should make the two of them as equally impaired^[44] as he can.	Hie staut wie man sich halten sol wenn die kempfer in dem ring komen sind uff die stund und uff die zit so man pheindiglich kempfen sol WEnn die kempfer also in den ring komen sind So sol der richter von stund an alle stür und ler vestecklich verbieten by lyb und guot und sol nicht gestatten daz man ainem für den andern nicht zulege und sel inß baiden machen so er Imer gelichest mag ungenerde.
	[14] This is what would be legal, if one of the fighters would flee or be driven out of the ring. Item: Whichever fighter exits the ring before the combat has an end, [whether] he is struck by the other or flees therefrom (or however he would exit therefrom), or whether he admits to the issue about which [the other] one had legally summoned him, that one should be judged to be without victory. Or whichever one slays and kills the other, that one has won. However, one should judge him according to the custom and law of the country about the issue regarding which they have fought with one another.	Das ist was recht wer ob der kempfer ainer uss dem ring fluch oder getriben wurd Item wolcher kempfer uss dem ring kumpt Ee denn der kampf ain ende haut Er werde daruß geschlagen von dem andern oder fluche daruß oder wie er daruß käme oder aber ob er der sache vergicht darum man in denn mit recht an gesprochen haut, den sol man sigeloß urttailen. Oder wolcher den andern erschlecht und ertötett der haut gesiget Dem sol man aber richten alß des landes gewonhait und recht ist darumb sie dem mit ainander gekemppffet hand.
		[A page is missing between 9 and 10.]
	[15] Now take note of these points: it is imperative to understand [them]. Item the first: You should be well acquainted with the master who wants to teach you, that his art is correct and true, and that he is honorable^[45] and does not treat you disloyally and does not abbreviate^[46] in teaching you, and knows to prepare the weapons with which he wants to fight.	[10r] Nun merck uff dissen puncten der ist notturfftlich zuo uerstend Item des ersten So soltu den maister wol erkennen der dich lerren wil dz sin kunst recht und gewer sy und dz er frum sy und dich nit veruntrüwe und dich nit verkürtz in der lerr und wiß die gwer zü zebraitten da mit er kempfen wil.
	[16] He should also not accept the master, [unless] he then swears to him to strive for his honor and to turn away from his evil. He should in turn swear the same to the master not to teach his art to others.	Och sol er den maister nit uff nemen er schwer im dann sin frumen zwerbent und sin schaden zwendent deß glich sol er dem maister wider um sweren sin kunst nit witter zleren.
	[16] Here [is a] note to the master. Item: The master, who has a subordinate^[47] to teach, he should know that he is well acquainted with the man whom he wants to teach, whether he is weak or strong, and whether he is quickly angry or gentle, also whether he has good breathing or not, also whether he can work at length, and when you have become well acquainted with him in teaching, and [know] what work he is capable of, then afterward, you must teach him that which is useful for him against his enemy. Also, the fighter and the master should guard themselves, that they allow no one to see [them] and particularly the weapons with which they work. And the two should guard from a lot of socializing and say little about the fight, so that no discovery is made about that.	Hie merck uff den maister Item der maister der ain understat zu leren, der sol wißen daß er den man wol erken, den er lerren wil, ob er sie schwach oder starck, und ob er gäch zornig sÿ oder senftmüttig, och ob er gütten auttem hab oder nit, och ob er arbaitten müg in die in die harr; und wenn du inn wol erkanet haust in der lerr, un wz arbait er uermag darnach müstu in lerren dz Im nütz ist gen sinen vind. Och sol der kempffer und der maister sich hütten dz sie niemand zu sehen laussend und In sunder sie gwer da mit sy arbaittent und sich baid hütten vor vil geselschafft und von dem vechten wenig sagen dz kain abmercken da von kom.
	[17] About scouting.^[48] How the fighter and the master can have knowledge regarding their opponent, what his character is, whether he is strong or weak, whether he is also quickly angry or not, and what his baptismal name is, whether one could predict or calculate from that.^[49] It is also necessary to know, what master is teaching him, so that one can direct oneself accordingly.	von kuntschafft wie der kempffer und der maister kuntschafft möchte hon zu rem widertail, wz sin wesen wer, ob er sÿ starck oder swach, ob er och sÿ gechzornig oder nit, und wie sin touff nam hieß, ob man wölt dar uß bratticiern oder rechnen. Es ist och nottürfftig zu wissen wz maister in lerr dz man sich dar^nach müg richten
	[18] When he is now taught and should enter into the barriers.^[50] Firstly, he should then confess.^[51] Afterward, a priest should read him a Mass about Our Lady and Saint George, and then the priest should bless Saint John’s wine^[52] to him and give [it] to the fighter. Afterward, the master should seriously examine him, and instruct him as to where he should remain,^[53] and [he] should pay attention to nothing except for his enemy and [should] view him seriously.	wenn er nun gelert ist und in den schrancken sol gon So sol er zu dem Ersten bichten, dar nach sol Im ain priester ain meß lesen von unßer frowen und von sant Jörgen, und der priester sol Im segnen sant johanns mynne und dem kempfer geben. Dar nach sol der maister In ernstlich versüchen [10v] und inn under richten dar uff er bliben sol, und sol in uff kein ding haissen acht hon dann uff sin vind, und den ernstlich an schowen.
	[19] Note regarding the entry. Item: When the man enters the barriers, then he should make a cross with the right foot and one with the hand at the breast, and should proceed in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost. Then the judges of the single combat are to take him and are to guide or direct him around [the ring] counter to the direction of the sun.^[54] Then, the fighter should ask the princes and lords and those standing around the circle that they would help him to ask God that He would grant him the victory against his enemy, as he has truth and law [on his side].	Merck uff dz infüeren Item wenn der man kompt in den schrancken so sol er machen mit dem rechten fuß ain krütz und mit der hand aines an an die brust und sol fürsich gon im namen des vatters und sunes und des hailigen gaistes. Dann sind In die grieß^wartten nemen und sind Inn fürren gegen der sunnen umbhe. So sol dann der kempfer die fürsten und herren bitten und^dieumb den kraiß stand, dz sy im wölle helffen got bitten dz er Im sig wölle geben gegen sinem vind alz er war und recht hab.
	[20] Afterward, one should set himself in the seat.^[55] When he is now seated, then one should set up^[56] a cloth in front of him and his litter^[57] behind him at the barriers, and his weapons are well hung and organized according to need.	Dar nach sol man In setzen in den sessel Wenn er nun gesessen ist So soll man im für spannen ain tüch und sin bar hinder Im an den schrancken und sine gwer sind wol gehenckt sin und gericht nach nottürfft
	[21] The judges of the single combat or overseers. The master and the judges of the single combat should pay attention to the executioner or to that one who will start the combat. When he calls for the first time, then he should command the man to stand up and pull the cloth away from himself, and when one calls for the third time, then he should command him to go there and commend him to God.	Die grieß wartten oder käpffer Der maister und die grieß wartten söllend mercken uff den richter oder uff den, der den kampff an lauffen wirt. Wann der rüfft zu dem ersten mal, so sol er den man haisen uff ston und dz tüch von Im ziehen, und wann man rüfft zü dem dritten mäl So sol er In haissen hin gon und In got enpfelhen.
	[22] About the executioner. Item: the fighter should observe,^[58]that at no time does his body move past the ring or the barriers, because whatever would extend past that, the executioner is standing at the barriers, he cuts it off with legal right, if he has been called upon [to do that]. X Talhoffer	Von dem nach richter Item der kempffer sol wartten das Im nützit an dem lib über den ring oder schrancken uß gang dann wz dar über kem, so stat der nach richter an dem schrancken der hott ims ab mit recht ob er angerüft wirt. x talhoffer
	[23] He writes on a knotted thread/string.	[11r] der schribt an ain knuo faden
	[24] He writes [the words] from his mouth and becomes black.	der schribt uß dem mund und wirt schwartz
	[25]	[011v] [No text]

Illustrations	Complete Translation by Rebecca Garber	Archetype (1459) [edit] by Dieter Bachmann
	[1] Item: Approach to wrestling from the arms.	[049r] Item zulouffens ringen uß den armen
	[2] Item: The^[59] arm-break and [the] throw over the leg.^[60]	[049v] Item daz arm brechen und uber den schenckel werffen
	[3] Item: The peasant’s hold.	[050r] Item das burn vassen
	[4] Item: The pull-up and throw in front of the elbow.	[050v] Item daz uß zucken und werffen vor der elenbogen
	[5] Item: The pass through.	[051r] Item das durchgan
	[6] Item: The counter against the pass through.	[051v] Item der bruch uber daz durchgan
	[7] Item: The hold by the gambeson.^[61]	[052r] Item daz vassen im wammeß
	[8] The counter against the hold by the gambeson.	[052v] Der bruch über daz vassen im wammeß
	[9] The play over the arm and in at the foot.	[053r] Daz stuck uber den arm und inn fuoß
	[10] The throw over the hip.	[053v] Daz werffen uber die huffte
	[11] The arm-break.	[054r] Der armbruch
	[12] The step behind.	[054v] Das hinder tretten
	[13] The arm break over the shoulder.	[055r] Der armbruch uber die achsel
	[14] Push down at the step behind.	[055v] Duch am hinder tretten
	[15] The shoulder-break.^[62]	[056r] Das achsel brechen
	[16] The neck^[63]-throttle.^[64]	[056v] Das halß würgen
	[17]The attempt to pass through or step behind.	[057r] Daz versuchen durchgan oder hinder tretten
	[18] The servant’s^[65] throw over the head etc.	[057v] Der buobnwurff überß houpt ~
	[19] Play and counter.	[058r] Stuck und bruch
	[20] The neck-hold.	[058v] Daz genick vassen
	[21] The reversed throw.	[059r] Der verkertt wurff
	[22] To get away from the man.	[059v] vom man zu komen
	[23] The securing^[66] hold.	[060r] Daz beslossen vassen
	[24] [Grab] behind one’s self, the counter for the lifting.	[060v] hinder sich der bruch für daz heben

The earlest known copy made from the archetype, which was previously Cod.Ser.Nov.2978, was sold to an unknown private collector in the late 20th century and is no longer available for study. For this reason, it cannot be included in the concordances below. The Göttingen, Wolfenbüttel Ⅱ, and Coburg versions only include plays of the duel between man and woman, so to make the tables easier to read, they are omitted from all other sections and included at the far right side of that one.

Complete Translation by Mark Rector	Archetype (1467) [edit] by Gustav Hergsell	Kassel Version (1600s) [edit]	Munich Version (1820) [edit]
[1] Here is the beginning with the shield and the stance to my advantage. God give us luck and well-being.	[53v] Hie ist der anfang mit dem schilt vnd ston in mynem Vortail Gott geb uns glük vnd haill.	[185r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 185r.png	[104r] Page:Cod.icon.394 104r.png
[2] Here I stand in the Frankish manner.	Hie ston Ich nach frenckeschem Rechten.
[3] Therewith allow I am not afraid. I mean to cover myself with my shield.	[54r] Damit lausz ich mich nit erschrecken. Ich wyl mich mit dem schült bedecken.	[186r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 186r.png	[105r] Page:Cod.icon.394 105r.png
[4] Here I stand in the hazard.	Hie ston ich Im wurff.
[5] Here in this stance he has found me completely open.	[54v] Hie In diser stund hast du mich gar blosz funden.	[187r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 187r.png	[106r] Page:Cod.icon.394 106r.png
[6] Here he has interlocked the shields and stikes towards his head.	Hie hatt er den schilt geschrenckt vnd schlecht Im nach Sinem hopt.
[7] This one means to hammer the shield at him.	[55r] Der wyl Im den schilt Inschlahen.	[188r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 188r.png	[107r] Page:Cod.icon.394 107r.png
[8] Thus he steps forth and means to strike at his head.	So tritt er für vnd wyl In zu dem hopt schlahen.
[9] I have been found in an opening. I fear he might get a thrust at me.	[55v] Ich bin funden hlos. Ich fircht es werd mir ain stosz.	[189r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 189r.png	[108r] Page:Cod.icon.394 108r.png
[10] This one binds his shield behind.	Der hatt Im hinder den schilt gebunden.
[11] Here he makes an end-thrust at me.	[56r] Hie macht er mir ain endstosz.	[190r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 190r.png	[109r] Page:Cod.icon.394 109r.png
[12] Here I have thrust.	Hie hon ich den gestossen.
[13] With my stride I have surprised you, and strike with certainty.	[56v] Mit mynem Tryt hon ich dich entrist, vnd schlach gar gewyssz.	[191r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 191r.png	[110r] Page:Cod.icon.394 110r.png
[14] He then steps around my shield. Thus, I mean to throw (the club?).	Er hatt mir den schilt vmbtretten. So wyl Ich werffen.
[15] Here this one means to thrust therein over the shield.	[57r] Hie wyl der den schilt obnen hinyn stossen.	[192r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 192r.png	[111r] Page:Cod.icon.394 111r.png
[16] Here I mean to bind him behind and find an opening near his heart.	Hie wil Ich Im hinterbinden vnd vmb Sin hertz blos finden.
[17] Here the piece is completed just as it was described before.	[57v] Hie ist das stuck volbracht wie vor geschriben Stat.	[193r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 193r.png	[112r] Page:Cod.icon.394 112r.png
[18] Here each one charges around and seeks his advantage.	[58r] Hie Triben Sie ainannder vmb vnd sucht yeglicher sinen vortail.	[194r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 194r.png	[113r] Page:Cod.icon.394 113r.png
[19] This one then has the advantage.	Der hatt den vortail.
[20] In this, he strikes the shield from his hand out of the bind and means to thrust towards him when he finds an opening.	[58v] Da hatt er Im den Schilt vsz der hend geschlagen vsz dem anbinden vnd wyl stossen wa er Im noch blosz finden.	[195r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 195r.png	[114r] Page:Cod.icon.394 114r.png
[21] However, thus he grasps with his arm and throws the shield from him and helps him away.	So grifft aber der mit dem Arm vnd würfft den schilt von Im vnd hilfft Im hinweg.
[22] From his helping-away, I thrust here-behind.	[59r] Vsz sinem anweg helffen kumpt mir myn stossz herwyder.	[196r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 196r.png	[115r] Page:Cod.icon.394 115r.png
[23] Here I present an opening, this earns me a wicked thrust.	Hie bin Ich worden blos des wirt mir ain beser Stossz.
[24] From the help-away, the whole piece is completed.	[59v] Vsz dem hinnweghelffen ist das Stuck gantz volbracht.	[197r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 197r.png [199r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 199r.png	[116r] Page:Cod.icon.394 116r.png
[25] The bind against each other.	[60r] Die Bindent aber ainannder an.	[198r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 198r.png	[117r] Page:Cod.icon.394 117r.png
[26] From the bind, thus he binds behind him and thrusts at him from above with the shield across his thigh.	[60v] Vsz dem anbinden So hatt er In hinderbunden vnd Stoszt Im mit dem schilt oben durch Sinen schenckel.	[200r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 200r.png	[118r] Page:Cod.icon.394 118r.png
[27] Here this one stands in his "Hat" guard and awaits his opponent.	[61r] Hie statt der In Siner Hutt vnd wartet des Mans.	[201r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 201r.png	[119r] Page:Cod.icon.394 119r.png
[28] Thus this one then strikes the "Chop" from behind his shield and pulls it behind himself.	So schlecht der den Hacken hinder sinen Schilt vnd zert hindersich.
[29] This one pulls it behind himself just as it was described before.	[61v] Der Zert hindersich wie vor geschriben Statt.	[202r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 202r.png	[120r] Page:Cod.icon.394 120r.png
[30] From the pull behind himself, thus he thrusts behind the shield therein. And the piece is completed.	[62r] Vsz dem hindersich zeren So stoszt er hinwyder den Schilt In den. Vnd ist das Stuck volbracht.	[203r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 203r.png	[121r] Page:Cod.icon.394 121r.png
[31] Here he throws his arm out and grasps him over his arm and lets the shield lower and steps forth and strikes him about the throat with his left arm and throws him over the hip.	[62v] Hie wurfft er sinen arm vff vnd übergrifft Im Sin arm vnd latt den Schilt fallen vnd Tryt für vnd Schlecht Im Sin lincken arm vmb Sinen Halsz vnd wurfft In über die huffen.	[205r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 205r.png	[122r] Page:Cod.icon.394 122r.png
[32] Here he turns his shield around, interlocking them, and strikes at his head.	Hie hert er den schilt vmh vnd Schlecht geschrenckt dem zu sinem houpt.
[33] Here the piece gets completed just as it was described before.	[63r] Hie wirt das Stuck volbracht wie vor geschriben Statt.	[204r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 204r.png	[123r] Page:Cod.icon.394 123r.png
[34] This one is completely helpless and gets thrown.	[63v] Der Ist ganntz werlosz vnd wirt geworffen.	[206r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 206r.png	[124r] Page:Cod.icon.394 124r.png
[35] This one has his shield between the opponent and the opponent’s shield, strikes and then drops his shield and means to throw him.	Der halt Sinen schilt zwüschen Man vnd schilt geschlagen vnd latt den schilt vnd wyl In werffen.
[36] Here the throw is completed and he strikes him with the club.	[64r] Hie ist der Wurff volbracht vnd Schlecht In dem kolben.	[207r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 207r.png	[125r] Page:Cod.icon.394 125r.png
[37] This one displaces the blow with his club and grapples him with his arm and stikes him to death.	[64v] Der hatt Im sinen Straich versetzt mit dem kolben vnd über gryfft In mit dem Arm vnd Schlecht In zu tod.	[208r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 208r.png	[126r] Page:Cod.icon.394 126r.png
[38] Here they are come away from their shields and strike each other with their clubs.	Da Sint sie komen von den schilten vnd Schlahent ainander mit den kalben.
[Impression of illustration remains, but no ink]	[65r] [No text]
[39] Here I stand openly in the Swabian manner. Like one in a fencing hall.	[65v] Hie Ston Ich fry Nach Schwebischen Rechten. Als man ze Hall vicht.	[209r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 209r.png	[127r] Page:Cod.icon.394 127r.png
[40] Thus I stand with shield and sword and have long wished to fight you.	So ston ich mit schilt vnd schwert vnd hon din lang zu fechten begert.
[41] This one then means to turn the shield and cut.	[66r] Der wyl den Schilt wenden und howen.	[211r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 211r.png	[128r] Page:Cod.icon.394 128r.png
[42] Thus I stand with shield and sword and have long wished to fight you.	So bringt er Sin schwert zwüschen die schilt vnd versucht wie starck er Stand.
[43] This one stabs with the interlocked shields.	[66v] Der sticht mit geschrencktem Schilt.	[210r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 210r.png	[129r] Page:Cod.icon.394 129r.png
[44] Here this one stands with his target uncovered.	Hie statt der blas vnuersetzt.
[45] We two stand like this when we both have turned around and each stand in the opposite stance.	[67r] Wir zwen standen wie die obern wenn das wir vns verkert haben vnd Statt yeglicher an des anndern Statt.	[212r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 212r.png	[130r] Page:Cod.icon.394 130r.png
[46] In the "Hiding" stance, I turn my shield and stride forth with the stab.	[67v] Im verborgen Stund wend Ich min Schilt und schryt für mit dem Stich.	[213r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 213r.png	[131r] Page:Cod.icon.394 131r.png
[47] However, here I have my shield backwards, and am undone.	Hie hab ich myn schilt gewendt vnd bin doch geschent.
[48] Thus I draw in my shield and therewith step away from his blow, thus I broke his piece.	[68r] So zuckt ich mynen Schilt vnd Tryt vsz Sinem treffen damit So tun ich Im sin Stuck Brechen.	[215r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 215r.png	[132r] Page:Cod.icon.394 132r.png
[49] I meant to thrust across behind his shield.	Ich hon wöllen geschrenckt Stechen hinder Sinen Schilt.
[50] Out of the charge, thus I kick the shield from you and achieve my thrust at you.	[68v] Vsz dem anlouffen So Tryt Ich den schilt von dir vnd hab myn Stich volbracht an dir.	[214r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 214r.png	[133r] Page:Cod.icon.394 133r.png
[51] There I displace with strength,^[87] meaning to prevent your cut and thrust.	[69r] Da tun Ich versetzten mit Sterckin wyl ich dir din höw vnd Stich letzen.	[216r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 216r.png	[134r] Page:Cod.icon.394 134r.png
[52] This one has turned around the shield. Note this.	Der hatt den Schilt verkert. Das merck.
[53] Thus I let go of my shield to drop it and cut into the opening.	[69v] So lausz ich mynen schilt fallen vnd how zu der blessin.	[217r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 217r.png	[135r] Page:Cod.icon.394 135r.png
[54] This one meant to thrust between the shields.	Der hatt wollen zwüschen Schilt Stossen.
[55] However, here is a finish.	[70r] Hie Ist aber ain end.	[218r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 218r.png	[136r] Page:Cod.icon.394 136r.png
[56] Thus this one lets his shield drop and grasps him by the elbow and thrusts the sword across at him.	So latt aber der sinen schilt och Fallen vnd ergryfft In by den Elbogen vnd Stoszt Schwert durch In.
[57] Thus he means to hammer the shield and sword into him and bind behind if he wants to find the opening.	[70v] So wyll der Schilt und Schwert ynschlahen vnd hinderbinden ob er In möcht blos finden.	[219r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 219r.png	[137r] Page:Cod.icon.394 137r.png
[58] This one stands in his guard.	Der statt In siner versatzung.
[59] He has drawn me to that hit, he outsmarted me with that.	[71r] Er hatt mir gezucht das treffen, damit er thut mich Effen.	[220r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 220r.png	[138r] Page:Cod.icon.394 138r.png
[60] Here I have drawn his hit that he let fall and I have followed with the thrust towards him.	Hie hon ich Im gezuckt sin Treffen das er hatt gefelt und hon Im hachgerayszt mit dem Stick.
[61] Thus he examines the thrust, and does not allow him to come around it.	[71v] So hatt er den Stosz vernomen, vnd latt In nit dartzu komen.	[221r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 221r.png	[139r] Page:Cod.icon.394 139r.png
[62] This one takes the sword and shield together from the "Bochen"^[88] if he wants to come at him therein from above.	Der hatt vsz dem bochen Schwert vnd schilt zemen genomen ob er Im möcht oben hinyn komen.
[63] Then I am closely between the shield and the sword, so that I can come at your head.	[72r] Da bin Ich zwüschen Schilt vnd Swert gedrungen, das ich dir zum houpt bin komen.	[222r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 222r.png	[140r] Page:Cod.icon.394 140r.png
[64] As I have twisted the cut, I am undone.	Als Ich hon gehowen geschrenckt Da Ist mir mysse lungen.
[65] He means to cut with twisting and striding.	[72v] Mit schrencken vnd Schryten wyl er howen.	[223r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 223r.png	[141r] Page:Cod.icon.394 141r.png
[66] Here mark that I have drawn my shield in and thrust in across at his leg.	Hie Merck wie ich das main das ich hon gezuckt vnd Stich in durch sin hain.
[67] The stance in the open guard.	[73r] Der Statt in der versatzung fry.	[224r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 224r.png	[142r] Page:Cod.icon.394 142r.png
[68] Concealed in this stance, he shifts the sword into the left hand and he thrusts over the shield.	In dem stand verborgen wechselt er das Swert In die lincken hand vnd ersticht In übern schilt.
[69] Thus, in an open stance I am come around with my hand.	[73v] In ainem fryen Stand So bin Ich komen vmb myn hand.	[225r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 225r.png	[143r] Page:Cod.icon.394 143r.png
[70] That I may be well thought of, I have cut with twisting.	Das mag Ich wolgedencken das ich hon gehowen mit Schrencken.
[71] This one stands in the stance in which this one arrives around his hand.	[74r] Der stant In dem stand dar Inn der kam vmb Sin hand.	[227r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 227r.png	[144r] Page:Cod.icon.394 144r.png
[72] Again, this one means to turn against the shield if he wants to find his opening.	Aber wyl der vber den schilt winden, ob er in möchte blosz finden.
[73] Here we both stand with legs exposed.	[74v] Hie stand wir bayd blos.	[226r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 226r.png	[145r] Page:Cod.icon.394 145r.png
[74] Again, this one may mean to throw the shield therein and thrust him away from himself.	Aber der mag den schilt wol hinyn werffen vnd In von Im stossen.
[75] From the throw, he thrusts him away from himself and from the thrust he must stoop to hew him in the head and in the back.	[75r] Da hatt er In von Im gestossen vom wurff vnd vom stosz musz er Sich bucken des how Ich In In Kopff vnd In Rucken.	[228r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 228r.png	[146r] Page:Cod.icon.394 146r.png
[76] In this one, I mean to bind and wrench with the shield and sword.	[75v] Der hat wöllen mit schilt vnd Swert Inbinden vnd Rysen.	[229r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 229r.png	[147r] Page:Cod.icon.394 147r.png
[77] Thus this one pushes him away behind himself and draws a cut from him and lets the shield drop and kicks from here and hews him in the neck.	So hatt der hinder sich geruckt vnd Im vsz sinem Inschlahen gezuckt vnd latt den schilt fallen vnd Tryt herfur vnd howt Im In sinen halsz.
[78] This one meant to angle the shield over and in.	[76r] Der hatt wöllen den schilt oben hinyn wünden.	[230r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 230r.png	[148r] Page:Cod.icon.394 148r.png
[79] Then one ought to behold the shield and the stab-across ought to be made.	Den schilt solt Man ynen Sehen vnd der stich geschrenck solt Sin gescheen.
[80] Here I displace with might and remain standing and have my strong thrust abiding.	[76v] Hie hon ich versetzt mit macht vnd bin beliben ston vnd hon mynen starchen stich getan.	[231r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 231r.png	[149r] Page:Cod.icon.394 149r.png
[81] As this one hammers in his shield and then means to make him defenseless and then to strike the shield from him that is broken to him.	Als der sinen schilt Ingeschlagen hatt vnd wolt den wörlousz machen vnd den schilt hon von Im geschlagen das ist Im gebrochen.
[82] Thus this one steps forth and grasps him about the neck and throws him with the shield.	[77r] So ist der für dretten vnd nempt In by dem halsz vnd wurfft In mit dem Schilt.	[232r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 232r.png	[150r] Page:Cod.icon.394 150r.png
[83] As this one strikes him with the shield.	Als der den schilt In geschlagen halt.
[84] This is the piece completed, just as it was described before.	[77v] Da Ist das stuck volbracht wie vor geschriben statt.	[233r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 233r.png	[151r] Page:Cod.icon.394 151r.png
[85] This one binds up between the shield and the man and then strikes the "Chop" about his feet and means to wrench.	[78r] Der hatt In gebunden zwischen den Schilt vnd den man vnd hatt Im den hacken geslagen vmb sinen fusz vnd wyl Ryssen.	[234r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 234r.png	[152r] Page:Cod.icon.394 152r.png
[86] From thence, he comes at me between me and the shield, for which I must suffer.	Darumb er mir ist komen zwüschen mich vnd den schilt Des ich billich engült.
[87] Thus, from the bind, one may wrench to his leg from below and above.	[78v] Von dem anbinden So mag man vnden vnd oben Ryssen zu baiden syten.	[235r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 235r.png	[153r] Page:Cod.icon.394 153r.png
[88] This is just like the other one, only he just might come over.	[79r] Es ist aim als dem andern vnd oder oben wie er des kamen mag.	[236r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 236r.png	[154r] Page:Cod.icon.394 154r.png
[89] Again, out of the bind above, or "Bochen",^[88] thus each may grasp the other’s shield and wrench it from him if he may.	Aber vsz dem obern anbund oder bochen So mag ain yeder dem anndern griffen In sinen schilt vnd von Im Rysen ob er mag.
[90] From the step-in and grasp, just as it was described before, neither desires it to go to wrestling.	[79v] Vsz dem Infallen vnd griffen wie vor geschriben statt welicher denn nit wöll lon so mag es wol an ain Ringen gon.	[237r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 237r.png	[155r] Page:Cod.icon.394 155r.png
[91] Regard this correct piece as now this one means to cut and thus he stands firmly and allows the right hand to go from the shield and grasps his elbow and thrusts him away from himself that he turns himself around.	[80r] Nun Merck das stuck recht als Nun der hatt wollen schlahen und bochen So ist er vast gestanden vnd latt die Rechten hand vom Schilt vnd gryfft dem In den Elbogen vnd stosst In von Im das er sich verkertt.	[238r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 238r.png	[156r] Page:Cod.icon.394 156r.png
[92] Then he strikes the shield and binds it behind him.	Hie hatt er dem den Schilt Ingeslagen vnd hinterbunden.
[93] As this one thrusts upon the elbow, as it was described before.	[80v] Als der den gestossen by dem Elbogen hatt als vor geschriben statt.	[240v] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 240v.png	[157r] Page:Cod.icon.394 157r.png
[94] Thus turn yourself completely around and thrust the shield into him, and then the piece and break are completely at an end.	So kert sich der gar vmb vnd stoszt den Schilt In den vnd ist stuck vnd bruch volbracht zum end.
[95] In the charge, thus he steps behind him and breaks him in the high [guard] and he dreads getting thrown.	[81r] In dem anlouffen So hat er In hinder Tretten vnd bracht In In die höin vnd fürcht er werd geworffen.	[241r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 241r.png	[158r] Page:Cod.icon.394 158r.png
[96] However, that is a strong charge, and from the charge thus binds him behind and gets him in the throw, or he must become defenseless.	Das ist aber ain starcher anlouff vnd, vsz dem anlouff So hatt er In hinderbunden vnd wirt In werffen oder er mus wörlousz werden.
[97] Here he breaks him to the trap just as it was described before. However, finish him off with the open thrust.	[81v] Hie hatt er In bracht zum fall wie vor geschriben statt. Vnd macht aber ain end mit dem fryen stosz.	[239r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 239r.png	[159r] Page:Cod.icon.394 159r.png
[98] Here they both stand in the inverted bind, about to strike and to threaten each other.	[82r] Hie stand sie bayd zu dem verkerten anbund Inn zuslahen vnd ain annder Nöten.	[242r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 242r.png	[160r] Page:Cod.icon.394 160r.png
[99] Still, thus this one means to give the strong to his weak; closely mark his struggle.	[82v] Doch so wyl der geben die schweche In die sterckin och sin arbait daby merckt.	[244v] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 244v.png	[161r] Page:Cod.icon.394 161r.png
[100] In the "Bochen"^[88] thus each willingly binds the other loose, so that he comes at him behind the the shield and makes him defenseless.	In dem bochen so bend yeglicher den andern gern losz vnd das er Im kem hinder den Schilt vnd machte In wörlouss.
[101] Here he achieves the strong to his weak and may thrust or wrench.	[83r] Hie hatt er die schwechin volbracht In die sterckin vnd mag stossen oder Rysen.	[246r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 246r.png	[162r] Page:Cod.icon.394 162r.png
[102] This has lost his strength and gets pulled down.	Da hett der die sterckin verlorn vnd wirt nyder geryssen.
[103] Here the piece is completed to the finish, just as it was described before.	[83v] Hie ist das stuck volbracht wie vor geschriben statt zum end.	[243r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 243r.png	[163r] Page:Cod.icon.394 163r.png
[104] Now allow yourself the plight and go under his weakness and hook him by the foot and wrench.	[84r] Nun lant sich der Nöten vnd gatt vnden In die schwech vnd Nempt Im den fusz vnd Ryszt.	[245v] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 245v.png	[164r] Page:Cod.icon.394 164r.png
[105] Again, from this bind, another difficulty: thus he has penetrated from above.	Aber vsz dem anbinden vnd ainander Nöten So hat er den oben übertrungen.
[106] This shows them both in the open danger-stance, from out of it one may look for and find all the advantages and charges and disarms and a lot of handsome work that one may make from it, thus one otherwise has no weapon except the shield.	[84v] Das sind die zwen fryen Notstend dar vsz man suchen mag und finden allen vortail vnd Innlouffen vnd werlousz machen vnd vil hüpscher arbait die man darusz machen mag so man sust dehain wer hatt denn den schilt.	[247r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 247r.png	[165r] Page:Cod.icon.394 165r.png
[107] I await the ending.	Ich wartt des ends.
[108] I get the strike at his throat.	[85r] Wurd mir der schlag an sin halsz.	[248r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 248r.png	[166r] Page:Cod.icon.394 166r.png
[109] And this one draws the blow to him and thrusts at him above the shield.	Vnd hatt Im der das treffen gezuckt vnd Im oben In den Schilt gestochen.
[110] Here he meant to bind in the "Bochen".^[89]	Hie hatt wollen der anbinden vnd bochen.
[111] Turn the page to find the piece completed.	Ker vmb so vindestu das Stuck volbracht.
[112] Here the piece gets completed, just as it was described before.	[85v] Hie würt das stuck volbracht als vor geschriben Statt.	[249r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 249r.png	[167r] Page:Cod.icon.394 167r.png
[113] This shows the shield fight at an end. God deliver us from all worry.	[86r] Da hatt das schiltfechten ain end. das vnsz gott allen kumer wend.	[250r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 250r.png	[168r] Page:Cod.icon.394 168r.png

Complete Translation by Cory Winslow	Archetype (1467) [edit] by Gustav Hergsell	Kassel Version (1600s) [edit]	Munich Version (1820) [edit]
[1] Here begins the dagger, God please cherish us all.	[85r] Hie vacht an der Tegen, gott der wöll vnser aller pflegen.	[251r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 251r.png	[169r] Page:Cod.icon.394 169r.png
[2] He will stab down from above.	Der hatt gestochen von dach.
[3] So he goes up from below with parrying and will counter him.	Der hatt versetzt mit ainer hand vnd hatt den Tegen von im gewandt.
[4] He has stabbed From the Roof.	Der wyl obnen Nyder Stechen.
[5] He has parried with one hand and has turned the dagger from him.	So gatt der vnden vff mit versatzung vnd wyls im Brechen.
[6] The upper shield for the stab.	[87r] Der ober schilt für den Stich.	[252r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 252r.png	[170r] Page:Cod.icon.394 170r.png
[7] He stabs freely From the Roof.	Der Stich fry von Tach.
[8] So he makes the lower shield with a thrust.	So macht der den vndern Schilt mit ain stossz.
[9] He stabs below to him.	Der Sticht vnden zu dem.
[10] For the upper stab, so throw up your left arm and grasp his stab on your left arm and make stabs or strikes with your dagger.	[87v] Für den obern stich so würff din lincken arm vff vnd fach sin Stich vff den lincken arm vnd macht mit dinem Tegen stechen oder slahen.	[253r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 253r.png	[171r] Page:Cod.icon.394 171r.png
[11] As I have stabbed, so I am countered.	Als Ich hon gestochen, So ist es mir gebrochen.
[12] Yet for the upper stab, throw the left arm before and the dagger around his arm and throw him from you.	Aber für den obern Stich würff den linken Arm für vnd mit dem Tegen vmb sin arm vnd würff In von dir.
[13] He has completed his stab and not thought of the counter.	Der hatt sin stich volbracht vnd des bruchs nit gedacht.
[14] As he has stabbed in from above, so he has parried with the right arm and turned the dagger around his arm and stepped therewith before and thrown him from him.	[88r] Als der oben hinyn hatt gestochen So hatt er mit dem rechten Arm versetzt vnd wint den Tegen umb sinen arm vnd tryt damit für vnd würfft in von Im.	[254r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 254r.png	[172r] Page:Cod.icon.394 172r.png
[15] As he has stabbed above to him, so has he countered it with the left arm and grabbed him with the dagger between the legs and pulled him up and thrown him from him.	Als der ober Inn hat gestochen So hatt der Es mit dem lincken arm gebrochen vnd grifft Im mit dem Tegen zwischen die bain vnd zuckt In vff vnd würfft In von Im.
[16] There is the escape and the counter to the hold.	[88v] Da ist der vszgangen vnd der bruch über das fahenn.	[255r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 255r.png	[173r] Page:Cod.icon.394 173r.png
[17] As he has locked him.	Als der In beschlossen hatt.
[18] So he has locked him with the shears.	So hatt der In beschlossen mit der schär.
[19] He has stabbed above to him.	Der hatt gestochen oben Inn.
[20] For the upper stab, a great throw; go up with the right arm and fall with the left arm over his right arm and throw him from you.	[89r] Für den obern stich Ain grosser wurff gang mit dem rechten Arm vff vnd fal mit dem linchen arm vber sinen rechten arm vnd würff In von dir.	[256r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 256r.png	[174r] Page:Cod.icon.394 174r.png
[21] There the technique and throw are completed.	Da Ist das stuck vnd wurff volbracht.
[22] Here both technique and counter are completed.	[89v] Als der obnen Nyder hatt gestochen so ist er vff gangen mit dem rechten arm vnd grifft Im mit dem lincken Hand In sin Elbogen vnd Truckt In von Im so kert sich der gar vmh vnd würfft In über Rucken.	[257r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 257r.png	[175r] Page:Cod.icon.394 175r.png
[23] As he has stabbed down from above, so has he gone up with the right arm and grasped him with the left hand in his elbow and pressed him away from him; so he turns well around and throws him over his back.	Hie ist volbracht stuck vnd bruch zwinach.
[24] For the upper stab, he has thrown up his right arm, and helped away his stab, and stabbed him.	[90r] Für den obern stich hatt er sinen rechten Arm vff geworffen vnd sinem Stich hinweg geholffen vnd ersticht In.	[258r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 258r.png	[176r] Page:Cod.icon.394 176r.png
[25] He has stabbed and is countered in the stab.	Der hatt gestochen vnd Ist Im der stich gebrochen.
[26] This shall be a grasping to the arm or the neck from the shears.	Das sol sin ain vahen vsz der schäre den arm oder den hals.
[27] Yet for the stab above an arm-break, and grasp his stab on the left arm and grip with the right hand under his arm and pull on you.	[90v] Aber für den oben stich ain armbruch vnd fas sin stich vff den linchen arm vnd griff mit der Rechten hand vnder sinen Arm vnd zuch an dich.	[259r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 259r.png	[177r] Page:Cod.icon.394 177r.png
[28] Yet for the upper stab, grasp his stab on your right arm and step before and strike in your left arm on his neck and throw him over the hip.	Aber für den obern stich fach sin stich vff din Rechten Arm vnd Tryt für vnd schlah Im din lincken arm an sin halsz vnd würff In vber die huffen.
[29] Yet for the upper stab, throw the right arm up and grasp his stab thereon and grip with the left hand in his elbow ans press him from you down before you.	[91v] Für den vndern stich so schlah mit der rechten funst In sin arm vnd stosz din Tegen In In.	[260r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 260r.png	[178r] Page:Cod.icon.394 178r.png
[30] The counter, turn yourself well around and throw him over the hip.	Der bruch ker dich gar vmb vnd würff In über die huffen.
[31] For the lower stab, so strike in his arm thus with the right fist and thrust your dagger into him.	[91v] Für den vndern stich so schlah mit der rechten funst In sin arm vnd stosz din Tegen In In.	[261r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 261r.png	[179r] Page:Cod.icon.394 179r.png
[32] Here one has it as good as the other.	Hie hatt einer als gutt als der ander.
[33] Yet for the lower stab, strike his stab away with your right hand and strike him with the left hand on his neck and with that step before and throw him from you.	[92r] Aber für den vndern stich schlah mit diner rechten hand Sin stich hinweg vnd Slah In mit der lincken hand an sinen hals vnd Tryt mit für vnd würff In von dir.	[262v] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 262v.png	[180r] Page:Cod.icon.394 180r.png
[34] For the lower stab, grasp his stab in both your hands, and throw his arm onto your left shoulder and break it off.	Für den vndern stich fach sin stich In din bayd hend vnd wirf^[90] Im Sin arm vff die lincken Achsel vnd brich In ab.
[35] Here is the arm-break, how it is described before.	[92v] Hie ist der armbruch wie vor geschriben stat.	[264r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 264r.png	[181r] Page:Cod.icon.394 181r.png
[36] Yet a free stance with the shield for the upper stab or for the lower.	Aber ain fryer stand mit dem schilt für den obern stich oder für den vndern.
[37] As he has made the shield,	[93r] Als der den schilt hat gemacht.	[265r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 265r.png	[182r] Page:Cod.icon.394 182r.png
[38] So he has turned the upper stab and thrust the dagger with the grip between his arms over the shield and throws him from him.	So hatt der den obern stich verwent vnd Stotzt den tegen mit dem hefft zwüschen sinen arm über den schilt vnd würft In von Im.
[39] There he brings the same technique.	Da Verbringt er dasselb Stuck.
[40] He has grasped him from the shears.	[93v] Der hatt den gefangen vsz der schäre.	[263v] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 263v.png	[183r] Page:Cod.icon.394 183r.png
[41] He brings him the shears.	Der bringt dem die Schäre.
[42] So he has also caught around the neck with the shears.	So hatt och der den beschlossen mit der schäre vmb den hals.
[43] So he makes the counter and throws him.	So macht der den Bruch vnd wirf In werffen.
[44] Here he is going up with the shield for the upper stab.	[94r] Hie ist er vffgangen mit dem Schilt für den obern stich.	[266r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 266r.png	[184r] Page:Cod.icon.394 184r.png
[45] So he has faked the stab and struck up from below and stabbed.	So hatt der den stich erlogen vnd slecht vnden vff vnd sticht.
[46] He has again made the upper shield.	Der hatt aber den obern Schilt gemacht.
[47] So he has yet again faked the stab and gripped-over both his arms and does throw him.	So hat der aber den Stich erlogen vnd vbergryfft Im bayd Arm vnd tut In werffen.
[48] He has bound him inverted and will grip-over him.	[94v] Der hatt den äbich angebunden vnd wyl In übergryffen.	[267r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 267r.png	[185r] Page:Cod.icon.394 185r.png
[49] He has stabbed in above.	Der hatt gestochen Oben hinyn.
[50] Here he has gripped-over him and completed the lock.	Hie hatt er In übergryffen vnd den beschlusz volbracht
[51] As he has stabbed.	Als der gestochen hatt.
[52] Here he has parried with the shears and may thrust him away with whichever hand he wants.	[95r] Hie hat er versetzt mit der schär vnd mag In hinweg Stossen mit welicher hand er wyl.	[268r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 268r.png	[186r] Page:Cod.icon.394 186r.png
[53] He has completed his stab.	Der hatt sin stich volbracht.
[54] He stands in the free guard.	Der statt in der fryen hutt.
[55] So he holds himself in the uncertain-stab and has his dagger on his back, and may stab with whichever hand he wants.	So halt sich der Im zwiffelstich vnd hat den Tegen vff dem Rucken vnd mag stechen mit welicher hand er wyl.
[56] So he has parried with his left arm and has gripped-over him above, and has under-gripped him below his shank and throws him.	[95v] Der hatt gestochen oben Inn mit macht vnd ain fryen Stich volfürt.	[269r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 269r.png	[187r] Page:Cod.icon.394 187r.png
[57] He has stabbed above him with might and well-drives a free stab.	Der hatt gestochen oben Inn mit macht vnd ain fryen Stich volfürt.
[58] The Master has overseen this, and both are one technique.	Der Maister hatt sich über senhen (?) vnd ist bayde ain stuck.
[59] As he has over-run me with a free stab down from above. So have I thrown the left arm up and parried, and with my right arm hab I grasped him around his neck and choked him down.	[96r] Als der mich überloffen hat mit aim fryen stich oben Nyder. So hab ich den lincken arm vff geworffen vnd versetzt vnd mit mym rechten Arm hab ich In vmb sin hals gefaszt vnd wirg In Nider.	[271r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 271r.png	[188r] Page:Cod.icon.394 188r.png
[60] Here he has choked him down and made an end.	Hie hatt er In Nyder gewirckt und macht ain end.
[61] So he has parried with the left arm, and stabs also From the Roof.	So hatt der versetzt mit dem lincken Arm vnd Sticht och von Tach.	[270r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 270r.png	[189r] Page:Cod.icon.394 189r.png
[62] As he has stabbed From the Roof.	Als der gestochen hatt von Tach.

Complete Translation by Cory Winslow	Archetype (1467) [edit] by Gustav Hergsell	Kassel Version (1600s) [edit]	Munich Version (1820) [edit]
[1] The beginning of wrestling from the arms.	[96v] Der anfall vsz den Armen zu ringen.	[270r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 270r.png	[189r] Page:Cod.icon.394 189r.png
[2] They have peasant-clinched with one arm below and the other above and lie in the striving.	[97r] Die habent birlichs gefasst ain Arm vnden den anndern oben vnd ligend In dem streb.	[274v] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 274v.png	[190r] Page:Cod.icon.394 190r.png
[3] In the striving, so he slips his head through his arm and pulls him up.	In dem Streb So schlefft er sin hopt durch sin Arm vnd zuckt In vff.
[4] As he has clinched from the arms,	[97v] Als der gefaszt hatt vsz den Armen.	[272r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 272r.png	[191r] Page:Cod.icon.394 191r.png
[5] So he thrusts with his right elbow on his right arm and with the thrust so he grips him below his right foot and pulls him up and throws him over.	So stoszt der mit sinem Rechten Elbogen vff sinen Rechten arm vnd mit dem stosz So gryfft er Im vnder sinen rechten fusz vnd zuckt In vff vnd wirfft In über vssz.
[6] He has it not good.	Der hutt es nit gutt.
[7] He will throw him over the shank.	Der wyl den werffen vber den schenckel.
[8] Here he will bring him into trapping if he might break the arm.	[98r] Hie wyl der den bringen In Trapen ob er Im möcht Brechen den Arm.	[273v] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 273v.png	[192r] Page:Cod.icon.394 192r.png
[9] Here he has brought his arm on the shoulder and will break it off.	Hie hatt der Im den arm Bracht vff die achsel vnd wöllen Im den abbrechen.
[10] From the clinch, so he throws him over the shank.	[98v] Vsz dem Fasen So würfft er In vber den Schenckel.	[275r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 275r.png	[193r] Page:Cod.icon.394 193r.png
[11] Here he has stepped behind and thrust him over the shank.	Hie hatt er In hinder Tretten vnd Stosst In über den schenckel.
[12] Yet an equal peasant clinch.	[99r] Aber ain glichs Byrlichs Fasen.	[276r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 276r.png	[194r] Page:Cod.icon.394 194r.png
[13] From the peasant clinch, so he pulls the lower arm and grips him by the head and swings him from him.	Vss dem Byrlichs fasen So zuckt Er den vndern Arm vnd ergryfft In by dem hopt vnd Swenckt In von Im.
[14] In this clinch so he will go-through.	[99v] In dem Fasen So wyl Der durchgon.	[277r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 277r.png	[195r] Page:Cod.icon.394 195r.png
[15] Here he is going-through him and throws him over the back.	Hie Ist er Im durchgangen vnd würfft In über den Rücken.
[16] In the going-through, so is that countered and he chokes him by the neck.	[100r] In dem durchgon So ist das der Bruch vnd wirckt In by dem halsz.	[279r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 279r.png	[196r] Page:Cod.icon.394 196r.png
[17] Yet a counter over the going through, in the through-going, so pull the foot behind you and grip him by the neck.	Aber ain Bruch vber das durch gon In dem durchgon So zuck den fusz hindersich vnd ergryff In by dem halsz.
[18] The Hooking before-you.	[100v] Das Hechlin Fürsich.	[278r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 278r.png	[197r] Page:Cod.icon.394 197r.png
[19] He counters the Hooking with the strike.	Das Hecklin der Bruch mit dem Schlag.
[20] When one grips on from behind, so wait if you might get his shank and pull him through and right yourself up.	[101r] Wen ainer ain ergryfft hinderwertligen So wartt oh dir möcht Sin schenckel werden vnd züch In her durch vnd Richt dich vff.	[281r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 281r.png	[198r] Page:Cod.icon.394 198r.png
[21] Yet so one grasps on from behind, so step with your foot behind yourself between his legs and grip him after the shank.	Aber so ainr ain faszt hinderwertz so Tryt mit dinem fusz hinder sich zwüschen Sine bain vnd gryff im nach dem schenckel.
[22] This is a counter against the lifting from behind, take him by the hair and pull him over the shoulder.	[101v] Das ist ain heben hinderwertz der Bruch darüber Nem In by dem har vnd züch In über die achsel.	[280r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 280r.png	[199r] Page:Cod.icon.394 199r.png
[23] This is called a lock, will he then become free, so break his finger or bend yourself and throw him over the back.	Das haiszt ain beschulsz wyl er den ledig werden So brich Im die finger oder Buck sich vnd werff In vber Rücken.
[24] When one grips you and has both arms below and will lift you up, so grip him with both hands in his face and shove him from you so he releases you.	[102r] Wen ainr ain ergryfft vnd bayd arm vnden hatt vnd dich vff zucken wyl So gryff Im mit bayden Henden In sin Antlit vnd schüb In von dir so latt er dich.	[283r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 283r.png	[200r] Page:Cod.icon.394 200r.png
[25] He lets himself be grasped and he may not then after be thrown from him, and he throws him.	Der latt sich mit wylen Faszen vnd er mag In dennocht nit von Im werffen er würfft In.
[26] He throws him with the half-hooking and from the half-hip wrestling.	[102v] Der wirfft den mit dem halben hecklin vnd vsz dem halben hufft Ringen.	[282r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 282r.png	[201r] Page:Cod.icon.394 201r.png
[27] Here he has thrown him from the same work.	Hie hatt er In geworffen vsz derselben Arbaitt.
[28] An upper hip wrestling.	[103r] Ain ober huff Ringen.	[284r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 284r.png	[202r] Page:Cod.icon.394 202r.png
[29] Against the upper-hip wrestling, so he searches for a counter.	Vber das oberhuff Ringen so Sucht er ain Bruch.
[30] In the wrestling, so he has stepped behind him and over the foot.	[103v] In dem Ringen So hatt er Im hinder Tretten vnd In über den Fus.	[285r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 285r.png	[203r] Page:Cod.icon.394 203r.png
[31] In the striving, so will he strike the foot from him below.	In dem streben so wyl der dem den Fus vnden vsz Slahen.
[32] In the wrestling he has lifted him up and runs around with him, this is called a Dizzy-wrestling.	[104r] In dem Ringen hatt er In vffzuckt vnd lofft mit Im vmb das haiszt ain Schwindelringen.	[286r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 286r.png	[204r] Page:Cod.icon.394 204r.png
[33] He has grasped him with both hands by the neck and shakes him, so he thrusts him from him.	Der hatt den gefaszt mit bayden henden by dem halsz vnd erschitt In so stoszt der In von Im.
[34] An inverted wrestling is but difficult to lift.	[104v] Ain verkert Ringen Ist Aber Swer zu heben.	[287r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 287r.png	[205r] Page:Cod.icon.394 205r.png
[35] A wrestling from the dagger with the arm wrench, from him turn.	Ain Ringen vsz dem Tegen mit dem arm wirgen von Im kern.
[36] This is called a Knave wrestling.	[105r] Das haiszt ain Buben Ringen.	[289r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 289r.png	[206r] Page:Cod.icon.394 206r.png
[37] The counter thereover, fall in with the knee in his groin.	Der bruch darüber Fall Im mit dem knü In sin macht.
[38] He has caught him and drives him by the arm.	[105v] Der hatt den gefangen vnd fürt In by dem arm.	[288r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 288r.png	[207r] Page:Cod.icon.394 207r.png
[39] Here he lets himself be driven and goes well, and in the going so he pulls him up and throws him behind himself on the back.	Hie latt er sich fürn vnd gatt gern vnd In den gon so zuckt er In vff vnd würfft in hinder sich an Rucken.
[40] He has gone through well. So he has pulled him and grips him and presses him down.	[106r] Der hatt wöllen durch gon. So hatt er Im zuckt vnd ergryfft In vnd truckt In Nyder.	[290r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 290r.png	[208r] Page:Cod.icon.394 208r.png
[41] This is called a shoulder wrestling and come from the neck clinch.	Das haiszt ein Achsel Ringen vnd kumpt von dem halsz fassen.
[42] From the clinch, so he steps on the shank.	[106v] Vsz dem fassen So Tryt der dem den Schenckel ab.	[291r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 291r.png	[209r] Page:Cod.icon.394 209r.png
[43] When one will distress you in the wrestling and will heave you quickly, so heave with him and in the heaving so give-in weakly and hang him after so he comes into a lock.	Wen dich ainr Nötten wyl In dem Ringen vnd fast hept So heb mit Im vnd In dem heben So gib dich In die Schwechin vnd heng Im nach so wirt er dir In ain schlossz.
[44] He has grasped him by the collar and strikes his foot from him below.	[107r] Der hat den by dem goller gefaszt vnd Schlecht Im vnden den fus vsz.	[293r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 293r.png	[210r] Page:Cod.icon.394 210r.png
[45] From the previous work, so he throws him over the lower hip.	Vsz der vorigen arbait So würfft Er In über die undere huffen.
[46] An arm turning if he might bring him between the legs.	[107v] Am arm winden ob er In möcht bringen zwüschen die Bain.	[292r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 292r.png	[211r] Page:Cod.icon.394 211r.png
[47] Here he has completed the piece described before.	Hie hatt er das vor geschryben Stuck volbracht.
[48] He has brought him in the trap.	[108v] Der bruch über das Fassen. So Tryt mit dinem fus hinder sich zwüschen sine bain vnd würff In über die Siten ab.	[294r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 294r.png	[212r] Page:Cod.icon.394 212r.png
[49] In the trapping, he pulls him on himself and in the pulling he strikes him on his neck and throws him over the hip.	In dem trapen zuckt er In an Sich In dem zucken schlecht er In an sinen halsz vnd würfft In über die huffen.
[50] He counters against the hold. So step with your foot behind yourself between his legs and throw him off over the side.	[108v] Der bruch über das Fassen. So Tryt mit dinem fus hinder sich zwüschen sine bain vnd würff In über die Siten ab.	[295r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 295r.png	[213r] Page:Cod.icon.394 213r.png
[51] He has grasped him by both arms on the back.	Der hatt den gefasst by bayden Armen vff dem Rucken.
[52] Yet a hold by the neck. So he grips him in the elbow and steps before and thrusts him over the shank.	[109r] Aber ain Fasen by dem halsz. So gryfft er Im In die Elbogen vnd tryt für vnd stoszt In über den schenckel.	[296r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 296r.png	[214r] Page:Cod.icon.394 214r.png
[53] A stepping-behind and with the left arm in his neck thrust him over the shank.	Ain hindertretten vnd mit dem lincken Arm In sinen halsz vnd stosz den über den Schenckel.
[54] There he has him in the hooking correctly.	[109v] Da hatt der den In dem hecklin Recht.	[297r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 297r.png	[215r] Page:Cod.icon.394 215r.png
[55] The counter against the hooking. Grip him as he shoots the hooking in and take the upper hip wrestling, so is the hooking broken.	Der Bruch über das hecklin. Im gryff als er das hecklin schutzt so nem das ober huff Ringen So ist das hecklin Brochen.
[56] This is a special counter against the hooking and against the upper hip wrestling.	[110r] Das ist ain vszbindiger bruch vber das Hecklin vnd über das ober huff Ringen.	[298r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 298r.png	[216r] Page:Cod.icon.394 216r.png
[57] This is also a counter against the hooking or the hip.	Das ist och ain bruch übers hecklin oder huff.
[58] There he has completed the counter against the hooking.	[110v] Da hatt der den bruch volbracht vber das hecklin.	[299r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 299r.png	[217r] Page:Cod.icon.394 217r.png
[59] He has run well in the hooking or the upper hip, so turn yourself and make the counter.	Der hatt wollen louffen In das hecklin oder In die obern huff So went sich der vnd macht den bruch.
[60] From the neck-clinch so he makes a lock.	[111r] Vsz dem halszfaszen so macht der ain schlosz.	[300r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 300r.png	[218r] Page:Cod.icon.394 218r.png
[61] Here he has locked him and throws him over the shank.	Hie hatt er In beschlossen vnd würfft In über die schenckel.
[62] Here he has gripped over him and throws him over the lower hip wrestling in a lock.	[111v] Hie hatt er In über gryffen vnd würfft In über die vnder hufft Ringen In ain schlosz.	[300v] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 300v.png	[219r] Page:Cod.icon.394 219r.png
[63] As they have clinched equally, so he thrusts with his elbow in his right arm and shoots-over and falls around his shank and through him.	Als sie glich gefaszt haben So stoszt er mit sinem Elbogen In sinen rechten Arm vnd übersch ützt vnd felt Im vmb sinen schenckel vnd würfft In.
[64] Here the throw is completed as it will be described hereafter.	[112r] Hie ist der wurff vollbracht wie hernach geschriben stat.	[301r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 301r.png	[220r] Page:Cod.icon.394 220r.png
[65] Yet a counter against the hooking, when the hooking is struck on you, so fall in the hollow of his knee with your knee.	Aber ein Bruch über das hecklin wen es dir das hecklin schlecht So fal Im In die kniekellen mit dem knü.

Complete Translation by Mark Rector	Archetype (1467) [edit] by Gustav Hergsell	Kassel Version (1600s) [edit]	Munich Version (1820) [edit]	Göttingen Version (1600s) [edit]	Wolfenbüttel Version Ⅱ (late 1600s) [edit] by Dierk Hagedorn	Coburg Version (1700s) [edit] by Dierk Hagedorn
[1] The beginning stance in which the man and wife shall fight each other.	[122v] Da Statt Wie Man vnd Frowen mit ainander kempffen sollen vnd stand hie In dem anfanng.	[322v] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 322v.png	[240r] Page:Cod.icon.394 240r.png	[190r] Page:2º Col.MS.Philos.61 190r.png	[37v] Da staat wie mann und frawen mit einander kämpffen sollen und stand hie in dem Anfang.	[41v] Da staat wie Mann und Frawen mit einander kämpffen sollen und stand sie in dem Anfang.
[2] The woman is in the open stance and means to strike and has a stone in the veil weighing four or five pounds.	Da statt die frow fry vnd wyl schlahen vnd hatt ain stain In dem Sleer wigt vier oder finf pfund.				Da staat die Fraw frey und will schlahen, und hat ein Stain in dem Sleer, wigt vier oder fünff Pfund.	Da staat die Fraw frey und will schlahen, und hat ein Stain in dem Sleer, wiegt vier oder Fünff Pfundt.
[3] Thus, he stands in the pit up to the waist and his club is as long as her veil is from her hand.	So statt er In der gruben bis an die waichin vnd ist der kolb als lang als Ir der Schleer von der hand.				So staat er in der gruben biß an die waichin, und ist der Kolb als lang als ihr der Sleer von der Hand.	So staat er in der gruben biß an die Waichin, und ist der Kolb als lang als ihr der Sleer von der Han[d]
[4] Here they have completed a stroke.	[123r] Hie hatt Sie ain schlag volbracht.	[326r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 326r.png	[241r] Page:Cod.icon.394 241r.png	[191r] Page:2º Col.MS.Philos.61 191r.png	[38r] Hie hat sie ain schlag volbracht.	[42r] Hie hat sie ain Schlag volbracht.
[5] Now he has displaced the stroke and trapped it and will pull her to him and cause her distress.	Nun hat er den schlag versetzt vnd gefangen vnd wyl Sie zu Im ziehen vnd nötten.				Nun hat er den schlag versetzt, und gefangen, und will sie zu ihm ziehen und nötten.	Nun hat er den Schlag versetzt, und gefangen, und will sie zu ihm ziehen und nötten.
[6] This shows him pulling her to him and throwing her under himself and he means to throttle her.	[123v] Da hatt er sie zu Im gezogen vnd vnder sich geworffen vnd wyl sie würgen.	[321r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 321r.png	[242r] Page:Cod.icon.394 242r.png	[191v] Page:2º Col.MS.Philos.61 191v.png	[38v] Da hat er sie zu ihm gezogen und unter sich geworffen, und wyl sie würgen.	[43v] Da hat er sie zu ihm gezogen und unter sich geworffen, und wyl sie würgen.
[7] This shows her breaking herself from him and standing under him to choke him.	[124r] Da hatt sie sich vsz Im gebrochen vnd vnderstatt Sie In zu wirgen.	[325v] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 325v.png	[243r] Page:Cod.icon.394 243r.png	[192r] Page:2º Col.MS.Philos.61 192r.png	[39r] Da hat sie sich uß ihm gebrochen und under staat ⁱⁿ ihn^[91] zu würgen.	[44r] Da hat sie sich uß ihm gebrochen und under staat ihn zu würgen.
[8] Here she breaks him on the back and means to choke him and pull him from the pit.	[124v] Hie hatt sie In gebracht an den Rucken vnd wyl In wirgen vnd ziehen vsz der grub.	[324v] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 324v.png	[244r] Page:Cod.icon.394 244r.png	[193r] Page:2º Col.MS.Philos.61 193r.png	[39v] Hie hat sie ihn gebracht an den rücken, und wyl ihn wirgen, und ziehen uß der grub.	[45v] Hie hat sie ihn gebracht an den Rücken und wyl ihn wirgen, und ziehen uß der grub.
[9] This shows him drawing her to him and throwing her into the pit.	[125r] Da hatt er sie zu Im gezuckt vnd würfft sie In die gruben.	[323v] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 323v.png	[245r] Page:Cod.icon.394 245r.png	[193v] Page:2º Col.MS.Philos.61 193v.png	[40r] Da hat er sie zu ihm gezuckt und würfft sie in die gruben.	[46r] Da hat er sie zu ihm gezuckt, und würfft sie in die gruben.
[10] As she means to stike, thus she strides towards him, that he grasps her by the thigh and throws her to the ground.	[125v] Als sie schlahen wyl So ist sie Im zu nach Tretten das er sie ergryfft by dem schenckel vnd wirt sie fellen.	[328v] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 328v.png	[246r] Page:Cod.icon.394 246r.png	[194r] Page:2º Col.MS.Philos.61 194r.png	[40v] Als sie schlahen wyl so ist sie ihm zu nah treten, daß er sie ergreyfft bey dem schenckel, und wirt sie fällen.	[47v] Setz sich in die Badstube und läst vieleicht zur Ader, damit er zum Kämpffen desto hurtiger sey.
[11] Thus he strikes her toward the breast.	[126r] So schlecht er sie Für die brust.	[327v] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 327v.png	[247r] Page:Cod.icon.394 247r.png	[194v] Page:2º Col.MS.Philos.61 194v.png	[41r] So schlecht er sie für die brust.	[48r] So schlecht er sie für die Brust.
[12] She strikes the veil around his throat and means to choke him.	Da hatt sie Im den schlöer vmb den hals geschlagen vnd wyl In würgen.				Da hat sie ihm den schleer umb den halß geschlagen, und wil ihn wirgen.	Da hat sie ihm den Sleer umb den Hals geschlagen und wil ihn wirgen.
[13] She has him in a hold by the throat and by his equipment and means to pull him from the pit.	[126v] Da hatt sie In gefaszt by dem halsz vnd by sinem zug vnd wyl In vsz der gruben ziehen.	[331r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 331r.png	[248r] Page:Cod.icon.394 248r.png	[195r] Page:2º Col.MS.Philos.61 195r.png	[41v] Da hat sie ihn gefast bey dem halß, und bey seinem züg, und wil ihn uß der gruben ziehen.	[49v] Da hat sie ihn gefast bey dem Halß, und bey seinem zug, und will ihn uß der gruben ziehen.

For further information, including transcription and translation notes, see the discussion page.

Work	Author(s)	Source
Gotha Illustrations	Forschungsbibliothek Erfurt/Gotha	Forschungsbibliothek Erfurt/Gotha
Königseggwald Illustrations	Königsegg-Aulendorf Collection	WikiMedia Commons
Copenhagen Illustrations	Det Kongelige Bibliotek	Det Kongelige Bibliotek
Copenhagen Illustrations (ff 68 and 118)	Tracey Zoeller	Fight Earnestly
Munich Illustrations	Bayerische Staatsbibliothek	Bayerische Staatsbibliothek
Gotha Translation	Tyrone Artur Budzin	Document circulated online
Vienna Translation	Hugh Knight	The Ambraser Codex by Master Hans Talhoffer
Königseggwald Translation	Betsy Winslow	Wiktenauer
Vienna Translation	Brian Hunt	Document circulated privately
Copenhagen Translation	Rebecca Garber	Wiktenauer
Munich Translation	Mark Rector	Schielhau.org
Munich Translation	Cory Winslow	Wiktenauer
Gotha Transcription	Dierk Hagedorn	Index:Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Chart.A.558)
Königseggwald Transcription	Dierk Hagedorn	Index:Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS XIX.17-3)
Copenhagen Transcription	Dieter Bachmann	Index:Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Thott.290.2º)
Berlin Version	Dierk Hagedorn	Index:Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 78.A.15)
Munich Version	Gustav Hergsell	Index:Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394a)
Vienna Version	Gustav Hergsell	Index:Ambraser Codex (MS KK5342)
Augsburg Version		Index:Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.I.6.2º.1)
New York Version		Index:Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 26.236)
Kassel Version		Index:Talhoffer Sammelhandschrift (2º MS iurid. 29)
Göttingen Version		Index:Talhoffer Fechtbuch (2º Cod.MS.Philos.61)
Wolfenbüttel Version Ⅱ	Dierk Hagedorn	Index:Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.Guelf.125.16.Extrav.)
Coburg Version	Dierk Hagedorn	Index:Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 014)
Munich Ⅱ Transcription		Index:Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394)
Munich Ⅲ Transcription		Index:Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 395)

Additional Resources

The following is a list of publications containing scans, transcriptions, and translations relevant to this article, as well as published peer-reviewed research.

Der Königsegger Codex. Die Fechthandschrift des Hauses Königsegg (2010). Ed. by André Schulze; Johannes Graf zu Königsegg-Aulendorf. Philipp von Zabern. ISBN 978-3-8053-3753-3.
Acutt, Jay (2019). Swords, Science, and Society: German Martial Arts in the Middle Ages. Glasgow: Fallen Rook Publishing. ISBN 978-0-9934216-9-3.
Becker, Paul (2020). "Hans Talhoffer: Insights into the Life of a Fencing Master in the 15th Century." Alte Armature und Ringkunst: The Royal Danish Library Ms. Thott 290 2º: 47-68. Ed. by Michael Chidester. Somerville, MA: HEMA Bookshelf. ISBN 978-1-953683-04-5.
Burkart, Eric (2014). "Die Aufzeichnung des Nicht-Sagbaren. Annäherung an die kommunikative Funktion der Bilder in den Fechtbüchern des Hans Talhofer." Das Mittelalter 19(2): 253-301. Ed. by Christian Jaser; Uwe Israel. doi:10.1515/mial-2014-0017.
Burkart, Eric (2018). "Body Techniques of Combat: The Depiction of a Personal Fighting System in the Fight Books of Hans Talhofer (1443-1467 CE)." Killing and Being Killed: Bodies in Battle: 109-130. Bielefeld: Transcript-Verlag. doi:10.14361/9783839437834-008.
Clarke, Stuart (2010). Medieval Fight Book [Television]. Wild Dream Films.
Deacon, Jacob Henry (2016). "Prologues, Poetry, Prose and Portrayals: The Purposes of Fifteenth Century Fight Books According to the Diplomatic Evidence." Acta Periodica Duellatorum 4(2): 69-90. doi:10.36950/apd-2016-014.
Elema, Ariella (2012). Trial by Battle in France and England [Unpublished dissertation]. University of Toronto. https://hdl.handle.net/1807/67806
Elema, Ariella (2019). "Tradition, Innovation, Re-enactment: Hans Talhoffer's Unusual Weapons." Acta Periodica Duellatorum 7(1): 3-25. doi:10.2478/apd-2019-0001.
Hagedorn, Dierk (2016). "German Fechtbücher from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance." Late Medieval and Early Modern Fight Books. Transmission and Tradition of Martial Arts in Europe: 247-279. Ed. by Daniel Jaquet; Karin Verelst; Timothy Dawson. Leiden and Boston: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-31241-8.
Hagedorn, Dierk (2020). "Talhoffer Galore." Alte Armature und Ringkunst: The Royal Danish Library Ms. Thott 290 2º: 69-88. Ed. by Michael Chidester. Somerville, MA: HEMA Bookshelf. ISBN 978-1-953683-04-5.
Hergsell, Gustav; Hans Talhoffer (1887). Talhoffers Fechtbuch (Ambraser Codex) aus dem Jahre 1459. Prague: J.G. Calve.
Hergsell, Gustav; Hans Talhoffer (1887). Talhoffers Fechtbuch aus dem jahre 1467: Gerichtliche und andere zweikämpfe darstellend. Prague: J.G. Calve.
Hergsell, Gustav; Hans Talhoffer (1889). Talhoffers Fechtbuch (Gothaer Codex) aus dem Jahre 1443. Prague: J.G. Calve.
Hergsell, Gustav; Hans Talhoffer (1890, 1901). Livre d'escrime de Talhoffer (manuscrit d'Ambras), de l'an 1459. Prague: Chez L'Auteur.
Hergsell, Gustav; Hans Talhoffer (1893, 1901). Livre d'escrime de Talhoffer (codex Gotha) de l'an 1443. Prague: Chez L'Auteur.
Hergsell, Gustav; Hans Talhoffer (1894, 1901). Livre d'escrime de Talhoffer de l'an 1467. Prague: Chez L'Auteur.
Hermann, Hans-Georg (2017). "Die prozessuale Konfiguration des spätmittelalterlichen Zweikampfes als Deutungskontext von Fechtbüchern." Die Kunst des Fechtens: 23-76. Ed. by Matthias Johannes Bauer; Elisabeth Vavra. Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter GmbH. ISBN 978-3-8253-6699-5.
Hils, Hans-Peter (1983). "Die Handschriften des oberdeutschen Fechtmeisters Hans Talhoffer: ein Beitrag zur Fachprosaforschung des Mittelalters." Codices manuscripti & impressi 8: 97-121.
Hull, Jeffrey; Grzegorz Żabiński; Monika Maziarz (2007). Knightly Dueling: The Fighting Arts of German Chivalry. Boulder, CO: Paladin Press. ISBN 978-1-581606744.
Israel, Uwe (2017). "Die Fechtbücher Hans Talhofers und die Praxis des gerichtlichen." Die Kunst des Fechtens: 93-132. Ed. by Matthias Johannes Bauer; Elisabeth Vavra. Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter GmbH. ISBN 978-3-8253-6699-5.
Jaquet, Daniel (2017). "Les Arts Magiques et les Arts du Combat: Étude du Recueil de 1448 Attribué à Hans Talhoffer." De Frédéric à Rodolphe II: Astrologie, divination et magie dans les cours (XIIIe–XVIIe siècle): 271–294. Ed. by Jean-Patrice Boudet; Martine Ostorero; Agostino Paravicini Bagliani. Florence: SISMEL Edizioni del Galluzzo. ISBN 978-88-8450-808-9.
Jaquet, Daniel (2018). "Six Weeks to Prepare for Combat: Instruction and Practices from the Fight Books at the End of the Middle Ages, a Note on Ritualised Single Combats: Perspectives on Fighters in the Middle Ages." Killing and Being Killed: Bodies in Battle: 131-164. Bielefeld: Transcript-Verlag. doi:10.14361/9783839437834-009.
Knight, Hugh T., Jr (2009). The Ambraser Codex by Master Hans Talhoffer. Self-published. ISBN 978-0-557-38531-7.
Müller, Jan-Dirk (1992). "Bild – Verse – Prosakommentar am Beispiel von Fechtbüchern. Probleme der Verschriftlichung einer schriftlosen Praxis." Pragmatische Schriftlichkeit im Mittelalter. Erscheinungsformen und Entwicklungsstufen: 251-282. Ed. by Hagen Keller; Klaus Grubmüller; Nikolaus Staubach. München: Fink.
Stangier, Thomas (2009). "'Ich hab ein hertz als ein leb…'. Zweikampfrealität und Tugendideal in den Fechtbüchern Hans Talhoffers und Paul Kals." Ritterwelten im Spätmittelalter. Höfisch-ritterliche Kultur der Reichen Herzöge von Bayern-Landshut: 73-93. Landshut: Museen der Stadt Landshut.
Sørensen, Claus F. (2015). "Et senmiddelalderligt tysk fægtemesterhånd-skrift på Det Kongelige Bibliotek. Ms. Thott 290 2º." Fund og Forskning i Det Kongelige Biblioteks Samlinger 50: 159-189. doi:10.7146/fof.v50i0.41246.
Talhoffer, Hans (2000). Medieval Combat: A Fifteenth-Century Illustrated Manual of Swordfighting and Close-Quarter Combat. Trans. by Mark Rector. Barnsley: Greenhill Books. ISBN 978-1853674181.
Talhoffer, Hans (2018). Medieval Combat in Colour: Hans Talhoffer's Illustrated Manual of Swordfighting and Close-Quarter Combat from 1467. Ed. by Dierk Hagedorn. Barnsley, UK: Greenhill Books. ISBN 978-1-78438-285-8.
Tobler, Christian Henry (2020). "Addenda and Esoterica in the Thott Talhoffer Codex." Alte Armature und Ringkunst: The Royal Danish Library Ms. Thott 290 2º: 179-186. Ed. by Michael Chidester. Somerville, MA: HEMA Bookshelf. ISBN 978-1-953683-04-5.
Verelst, Karin (2023). "Medicine, Logic, or Metaphysics? Aristotelianism and Scholasticism in the Fight Book Corpus." Acta Periodica Duellatorum 11(1): 91-127. doi:10.36950/apd-2023-006.
Welle, Rainer (1993). '…und wisse das alle höbischeit kompt von deme ringen'. Der Ringkampf als adelige Kunst im 15. und 16. Jahrhundert. Pfaffenweiler: Centaurus-Verlagsgesellschaft. ISBN 3-89085-755-8.

References

↑ Jens P. Kleinau. "1434 March 20th – Talhoffer’s confession in Salzburg". Hans Talhoffer ~ A Historical Martial Arts blog by Jens P. Kleinau, 18 May 2016. Retrieved 18 May 2016.
↑ Jens P. Kleinau. "Hans Talhoffer’s life". Hans Talhoffer ~ as seen by Jens P. Kleinau. Retrieved 17 March 2012.
↑ See folio 1r.
↑ The only other evidence that he was involved in the creation of the manuscript is the charge on the shield on folio 28r, which matches his presumptive heraldry on folio 102r of MS Thott.290.2º (1459); on the other hand, the escutcheon and the mantling are quite different between the two, so they cannot be said to be the same arms.
↑ Hans-Peter Hils. Meister Johann Liechtenauers Kunst des langen Schwertes. Peter Lang, 1985. p 73.
↑ Jens P. Kleinau. "Who was Luithold of Königsegg?". Hans Talhoffer ~ as seen by Jens P. Kleinau. Retrieved 17 March 2012.
↑ Hans-Peter Hils. Meister Johann Liechtenauers Kunst des langen Schwertes. Peter Lang, 1985. p42.
↑ Internally dated on folio 103v.
↑ Internally dated and dedicated on folio 16v.
↑ Jens P. Kleinau. "1467 The price of a fencing master". Hans Talhoffer ~ as seen by Jens P. Kleinau. Retrieved 17 March 2012.
↑ The Fellowship of Liechtenauer is recorded in three versions of Paulus Kal's treatise: MS 1825 (1460s), Cgm 1507 (ca. 1470), and MS KK5126 (1480s).
↑ Hans-Peter Hils. Meister Johann Liechtenauers Kunst des langen Schwertes. Peter Lang, 1985. p176.
↑ Illustration is traced from bleed-through from the other side, and then painted.
↑ Unleserliche Streichung. Illegible deletion.
↑ Verblasst oder übermalt, ergänzt nach Wolfenbüttel. Faded or painted over, completed according to Wolfenbüttel.
↑ Illustration is traced from bleed-through from the other side.
↑ Partly cut off.
↑ Or possibly kend.
↑ Difficult to decipher because of damage.
↑ Difficult to decipher because of damage.
↑ The right margin is lost due to clipping; the page seems to have been glued in subsequently.
↑ Rest cut off.
↑ Prefaced by "Der stat in der vndern hut vn dem dritten stich"
↑ Prefaced by "Hie hat er verseczt Im die schäre"
↑ A portion of the page is missing.
↑ Parts of the text are illegible in my present copy since they are written on a dark background.
↑ The manuscript is missing three pages prior to the current first page, preceding the Recital
↑ Preceded by a version of the Recital.
↑ Verhalten has multiple meanings, including “to lurk”, “wait for”, and “to hold fast to, maintain something”.
↑ Or “gauntlets”
↑ Schranken/Schränken means to close off a space by blocking entry and/or exit. Lexer lists one possibility as specifically relating to tournaments [turnieren].
↑ Muotwille is the drive to carry something out, which can equally have positive or negative roots, justifications, outcomes. According to Lever and Grimm, in the case of legal writing only, mutwille is represented as “the opposite of that which is demanded by law”.
↑ Mort = murder = premeditated killing in secret in ENHG, as listed in Grimm. However, there is also influence from the French morte, which simply means to kill (without the association with murder).
↑ Or “treachery”.
↑ Kämplich ansprechen = die förmliche Herausforderung zum Zweikampfe according to Lexer, which includes the “provocatio ad certamen” (challenge to combat) according to Grimm. This is not mere insult. This is a formal declaration.
↑ Lit. “baptismal”.
↑ This is not three different locations, but three successive meetings of the same court.
↑ Or “writing”.
↑ Lehrtage is a specific period of time prior to a single combat. Grimm: LEHRTAGE, m. plur. lehrzeit, lernzeit: (man soll) jhm sein lehrtag zum kampf zugeben, ... nemlich sechs wochen und drei tag. kolbenrecht bei Schottel 1238.
↑ I.e. has been called/labeled illegitimate, unauthentic, has lost legal rights derived from legal birth or marriage.
↑ Ertzögen: possibilities from Lexer: 1) could be the participial form from erziehen [Lexer] drawing a sword specifically upward, or raising/training humans and animals. 2) erzöugen = to show/demonstrate. 3) er zöugen = ehre zeigen to display honor. Possibilities from Grimm: 4) erziehen = to raise a sword, to swing a sword or axe, to educate, bring up, train up, to lift up.
↑ Or “mood”.
↑ Or “overseers”.
↑ Or “injured”.
↑ Vrum from Lexer includes pretty much all of the virtues of a knight: tüchtig, brav, ehrbar, gut, trefflich, angesehn, vornehm, wacker, tapfer, that is, capable, virtuous, honorable, good, excellent, respected, genteel (well-bred), brave, and courageous.
↑ Or “abridge”.
↑ I.e. student.
↑ Literally “information-gathering”.
↑ Probably onomancy based on his baptismal name (which is included in an earlier manuscript Talhoffer owned) and/or astrology based on his date of baptism.
↑ Schränken are the barriers used to form the ring/square/space for combat.
↑ This is a religious confession to a priest, in case he dies.
↑ St. John the Apostle was known for blessing a poisoned cup of wine, where the poison left in the form of a snake. Johannesminne or Johanneswein became customary throughout Germany in the 12th c. Numerous examples are found in: Hanns Bächtold-Stäubli: Handwörterbuch des deutschen Aberglaubens, Bd. 4, Berlin 1932, Sp. 745–760.
↑ I.e. within the boundaries of the combat ring.
↑ The sun travels clockwise.
↑ Sessel usually refers to a seat of honor, generally a chair with a back and arms.
↑ Or “extend”.
↑ A Bahre is a horizontal means of carrying something, and may refer to both a Tragbahre, a litter for the injured, and also a Totenbahre, a litter for the dead. “Bier”, which is a cognate, has a narrower definition than the original.
↑ Or “keep in mind”.
↑ General note for verbs: verbal noun phrases (das + verb), will be translated as “the [action]”, not as gerunds.
↑ Schenckel can specifically indicate the thigh/upper leg (its precise meaning), or simply the leg.
↑ This is specifically the piece of defensive clothing that covers the buttocks. The picture shows a short, sleeve-less piece of clothing, like a jerkin, while the word refers to the longer piece of clothing, the gambeson.
↑ This could potentially be a dislocation of the shoulder.
↑ Hals refers to the soft parts of the neck.
↑ Or “strangle”.
↑ Bube is both a male child, a servant, squire, an undisciplined man, or a professional dice player. Multiple references to Buben and dice (Würfel) in the literature make this a likely pun. Lexer: Buobe, der würfel machet buoben vil Ls. 3. 231,15. 480,116; Mart. 56, 91. 73,1. 206,85. Pass. K. 161,41. Marlg. 222, 296. 362,75.
↑ Or “encompassing”.
↑ Or “violence”.
↑ Or “swaying”, “rocking”; Waben is related to honeycomb and bees, and to the back-and-forth, up-and-down movement of water. Even the relationship to wëben is through bees and honeycomb, not weaving, which has different roots to get to weben.
↑ MHG mort/mord was another form of “dead”, loaned/borrowed from French morte. However, in ENHG, it does have a more violent aspect than tot. It is not until modern German that Mord picks up the sense of “murder”.
↑ Erstechen implies a mortal wound, beyond the mere thrust of stechen.
↑ Hals here indicates the back of the neck/shoulder.
↑ Or “tear”.
↑ The earlier meaning of nôt is to be threatened, hemmed in, imperiled; however, it can also be used as a replacement for the term battle/combat, as that state already implies peril and threat. Nothstand is a later compound, and is both a predicament/peril/threat, and a state of being under predicament/peril/threat. Interestingly, it is also used in the north in a very narrow meaning for the horizontal crosspiece that stands behind a dyke gate (Balkensiel as opposed to a culvert) that prevents the gate from opening.
↑ Or “The combative stance prior to the blow”.
↑ Or “The cut from above forward of the thrust”.
↑ Toben/täuben: to force, tame, subdue, deafen, with an aspect of irrational fury.
↑ Or “The fire (spark) protection”. Schiure, schûren: schützen, beshützen, in connection with schirmen; schüren: to stimulate, poke the fire to burn higher; scheuern, fegen = scouring away, sweep.
↑ Mair's note?
↑ This is Kittelvers: there are 4 major beats in each line, with a lot of unstressed syllables, particularly in the first line.
↑ Or “the flight/fleeing ones”.
↑ In a banner
↑ In a banner.
↑ Pentecost in 1459 fell on May 14th.
↑ Literally "burn-shears".
↑ Or lemen?
↑ Literally "hand-shoe".
↑ opposition
↑ ^88.0 ^88.1 ^88.2 "Bochen" is a guard.
↑ guard
↑ Or possibly "wirg"
↑ Korrigiert aus »ihm«. Corrected from “ihm”.
↑ Over-hasty, miss-the-mark

[1] Jens P. Kleinau. "1434 March 20th – Talhoffer’s confession in Salzburg". Hans Talhoffer ~ A Historical Martial Arts blog by Jens P. Kleinau, 18 May 2016. Retrieved 18 May 2016.

[2] Jens P. Kleinau. "Hans Talhoffer’s life". Hans Talhoffer ~ as seen by Jens P. Kleinau. Retrieved 17 March 2012.

[3] See folio 1r.

[4] The only other evidence that he was involved in the creation of the manuscript is the charge on the shield on folio 28r, which matches his presumptive heraldry on folio 102r of MS Thott.290.2º (1459); on the other hand, the escutcheon and the mantling are quite different between the two, so they cannot be said to be the same arms.

[5] Hans-Peter Hils. Meister Johann Liechtenauers Kunst des langen Schwertes. Peter Lang, 1985. p 73.

[6] Jens P. Kleinau. "Who was Luithold of Königsegg?". Hans Talhoffer ~ as seen by Jens P. Kleinau. Retrieved 17 March 2012.

[7] Hans-Peter Hils. Meister Johann Liechtenauers Kunst des langen Schwertes. Peter Lang, 1985. p42.

[8] Internally dated on folio 103v.

[9] Internally dated and dedicated on folio 16v.

[10] Jens P. Kleinau. "1467 The price of a fencing master". Hans Talhoffer ~ as seen by Jens P. Kleinau. Retrieved 17 March 2012.

[11] The Fellowship of Liechtenauer is recorded in three versions of Paulus Kal's treatise: MS 1825 (1460s), Cgm 1507 (ca. 1470), and MS KK5126 (1480s).

[12] Hans-Peter Hils. Meister Johann Liechtenauers Kunst des langen Schwertes. Peter Lang, 1985. p176.

[13] Illustration is traced from bleed-through from the other side, and then painted.

[14] Unleserliche Streichung. Illegible deletion.

[15] Verblasst oder übermalt, ergänzt nach Wolfenbüttel. Faded or painted over, completed according to Wolfenbüttel.

[16] Illustration is traced from bleed-through from the other side.

[17] Partly cut off.

[18] Or possibly kend.

[19] Difficult to decipher because of damage.

[20] Difficult to decipher because of damage.

[21] The right margin is lost due to clipping; the page seems to have been glued in subsequently.

[22] Rest cut off.

[23] Prefaced by "Der stat in der vndern hut vn dem dritten stich"

[24] Prefaced by "Hie hat er verseczt Im die schäre"

[25] A portion of the page is missing.

[26] Parts of the text are illegible in my present copy since they are written on a dark background.

[27] The manuscript is missing three pages prior to the current first page, preceding the Recital

[28] Preceded by a version of the Recital.

[29] Verhalten has multiple meanings, including “to lurk”, “wait for”, and “to hold fast to, maintain something”.

[30] Or “gauntlets”

[31] Schranken/Schränken means to close off a space by blocking entry and/or exit. Lexer lists one possibility as specifically relating to tournaments [turnieren].

[32] Muotwille is the drive to carry something out, which can equally have positive or negative roots, justifications, outcomes. According to Lever and Grimm, in the case of legal writing only, mutwille is represented as “the opposite of that which is demanded by law”.

[33] Mort = murder = premeditated killing in secret in ENHG, as listed in Grimm. However, there is also influence from the French morte, which simply means to kill (without the association with murder).

[34] Or “treachery”.

[35] Kämplich ansprechen = die förmliche Herausforderung zum Zweikampfe according to Lexer, which includes the “provocatio ad certamen” (challenge to combat) according to Grimm. This is not mere insult. This is a formal declaration.

[36] Lit. “baptismal”.

[37] This is not three different locations, but three successive meetings of the same court.

[38] Or “writing”.

[39] Lehrtage is a specific period of time prior to a single combat. Grimm: LEHRTAGE, m. plur. lehrzeit, lernzeit: (man soll) jhm sein lehrtag zum kampf zugeben, ... nemlich sechs wochen und drei tag. kolbenrecht bei Schottel 1238.

[40] I.e. has been called/labeled illegitimate, unauthentic, has lost legal rights derived from legal birth or marriage.

[41] Ertzögen: possibilities from Lexer: 1) could be the participial form from erziehen [Lexer] drawing a sword specifically upward, or raising/training humans and animals. 2) erzöugen = to show/demonstrate. 3) er zöugen = ehre zeigen to display honor. Possibilities from Grimm: 4) erziehen = to raise a sword, to swing a sword or axe, to educate, bring up, train up, to lift up.

[42] Or “mood”.

[43] Or “overseers”.

[44] Or “injured”.

[45] Vrum from Lexer includes pretty much all of the virtues of a knight: tüchtig, brav, ehrbar, gut, trefflich, angesehn, vornehm, wacker, tapfer, that is, capable, virtuous, honorable, good, excellent, respected, genteel (well-bred), brave, and courageous.

[46] Or “abridge”.

[47] I.e. student.

[48] Literally “information-gathering”.

[49] Probably onomancy based on his baptismal name (which is included in an earlier manuscript Talhoffer owned) and/or astrology based on his date of baptism.

[50] Schränken are the barriers used to form the ring/square/space for combat.

[51] This is a religious confession to a priest, in case he dies.

[52] St. John the Apostle was known for blessing a poisoned cup of wine, where the poison left in the form of a snake. Johannesminne or Johanneswein became customary throughout Germany in the 12th c. Numerous examples are found in: Hanns Bächtold-Stäubli: Handwörterbuch des deutschen Aberglaubens, Bd. 4, Berlin 1932, Sp. 745–760.

[53] I.e. within the boundaries of the combat ring.

[54] The sun travels clockwise.

[55] Sessel usually refers to a seat of honor, generally a chair with a back and arms.

[56] Or “extend”.

[57] A Bahre is a horizontal means of carrying something, and may refer to both a Tragbahre, a litter for the injured, and also a Totenbahre, a litter for the dead. “Bier”, which is a cognate, has a narrower definition than the original.

[58] Or “keep in mind”.

[59] General note for verbs: verbal noun phrases (das + verb), will be translated as “the [action]”, not as gerunds.

[60] Schenckel can specifically indicate the thigh/upper leg (its precise meaning), or simply the leg.

[61] This is specifically the piece of defensive clothing that covers the buttocks. The picture shows a short, sleeve-less piece of clothing, like a jerkin, while the word refers to the longer piece of clothing, the gambeson.

[62] This could potentially be a dislocation of the shoulder.

[63] Hals refers to the soft parts of the neck.

[64] Or “strangle”.

[65] Bube is both a male child, a servant, squire, an undisciplined man, or a professional dice player. Multiple references to Buben and dice (Würfel) in the literature make this a likely pun. Lexer: Buobe, der würfel machet buoben vil Ls. 3. 231,15. 480,116; Mart. 56, 91. 73,1. 206,85. Pass. K. 161,41. Marlg. 222, 296. 362,75.

[66] Or “encompassing”.

[67] Or “violence”.

[68] Or “swaying”, “rocking”; Waben is related to honeycomb and bees, and to the back-and-forth, up-and-down movement of water. Even the relationship to wëben is through bees and honeycomb, not weaving, which has different roots to get to weben.

[69] MHG mort/mord was another form of “dead”, loaned/borrowed from French morte. However, in ENHG, it does have a more violent aspect than tot. It is not until modern German that Mord picks up the sense of “murder”.

[70] Erstechen implies a mortal wound, beyond the mere thrust of stechen.

[71] Hals here indicates the back of the neck/shoulder.

[72] Or “tear”.

[73] The earlier meaning of nôt is to be threatened, hemmed in, imperiled; however, it can also be used as a replacement for the term battle/combat, as that state already implies peril and threat. Nothstand is a later compound, and is both a predicament/peril/threat, and a state of being under predicament/peril/threat. Interestingly, it is also used in the north in a very narrow meaning for the horizontal crosspiece that stands behind a dyke gate (Balkensiel as opposed to a culvert) that prevents the gate from opening.

[74] Or “The combative stance prior to the blow”.

[75] Or “The cut from above forward of the thrust”.

[76] Toben/täuben: to force, tame, subdue, deafen, with an aspect of irrational fury.

[77] Or “The fire (spark) protection”. Schiure, schûren: schützen, beshützen, in connection with schirmen; schüren: to stimulate, poke the fire to burn higher; scheuern, fegen = scouring away, sweep.

[78] Mair's note?

[79] This is Kittelvers: there are 4 major beats in each line, with a lot of unstressed syllables, particularly in the first line.

[80] Or “the flight/fleeing ones”.

[81] In a banner

[82] In a banner.

[83] Pentecost in 1459 fell on May 14th.

[84] Literally "burn-shears".

[85] Or lemen?

[86] Literally "hand-shoe".

[87] sition

[Bochen-88] 88.0 ^88.1 ^88.2 "Bochen" is a guard.

[89] uard

[90] Or possibly "wirg"

[91] Korrigiert aus »ihm«. Corrected from “ihm”.

[92] Over-hasty, miss-the-mark

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[4]

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Complete Translation by Michael Chidester	Archetype (1448) [edit] by Dierk Hagedorn	New York Version (1600s) [edit]	Göttingen Version (1600s) [edit]	Kassel Version (1600s) [edit]	Munich Version (ca.1820) [edit]
[1] [Banner:] God, thou Eternal Word, help the body here, the soul there.	[002r] [In a banner.] Hilff · got · du · ewiges · wort ·· dem · leib ·· hie · der · sel · dort :·: * Amen * [In a more modern hand.] Hilff Gott du Ewiges Wort dem Leibe hie der Seelen dort.	[020r] Page:MS 26.236 020r.jpg	[003r] Page:2º Col.MS.Philos.61 003r.png	[363r] Page:2º MS iurid. 29 363r.png	[002r] Page:Cod.icon. 395 002r.jpg
[2]	[003r] [No text]				[003r] [No text]
[3]	[004r] [No text]				[004r] [No text]
[4]^[13]	[004v] [No text]				[004v] [No text]
[5]	[005r] [No text]				[005r] [No text]
[6]	[006r] [No text]				[006r] [No text]

No Translation	Archetype (1448) [edit] by Dierk Hagedorn	New York Version (1600s) [edit]	Göttingen Version (1600s) [edit]	Kassel Version (1600s) [edit]	Munich Version (ca.1820) [edit]
[1]	[049r] [In a banner] Ritter · sant · Jörg · nu · won · mir · bey · vnd · · mach · mich · aller · sorgen · frey Amen :· [In modern script] Ritter Sanct Jörg Wohn mir beÿ, U. mach mich aller Sorgen freÿ. Amen.	[045r] Page:MS 26.236 045r.jpg	[052r] Page:2º Col.MS.Philos.61 052r.png	[371r] [No text]	[050r] Page:Cod.icon. 395 050r.jpg
[2]	[050r] [No text]	[046r] [No text]	[053r] [No text]		[051r] [No text]
[3]	[051r] [No text]	[047r] [No text]	[054r] [No text]		[052r] [No text]
[4]	[052r] [No text]	[048r] [No text]	[055r] [No text]		[053r] [No text]
[5]	[053r] [No text]	[049r] [No text]	[056r] [No text]		[054r] [No text]
[6]	[054r] [No text]	[050r] [No text]	[057r] [No text]		[055r] [No text]
[7]	[054v] [No text]	[050v] [No text]	[057v] [No text]	[376r] [No text]	[055v] [No text]
[8]	[055r] [No text]	[051r] [No text]	[058r] [No text]		[056r] [No text]
[9]	[055v] [No text]	[051v] [No text]	[058v] [No text]		[056v] [No text]
[10]	[056r] [No text]	[052r] [No text]	[059r] [No text]	[373r] [No text]	[057r] [No text]
[11]	[057r] [No text]	[053r] [No text]	[060r] [No text]		[058r] [No text]
[12]	[058r] [No text]	[054r] [No text]	[061r] [No text]		[059r] [No text]
[13]	[059r] [No text]	[055r] [No text]	[062r] [No text]		[060r] [No text]
[14]	[060r] [No text]	[056r] [No text]	[063r] [No text]		[061r] [No text]
[15]	[061r] [No text]	[057r] [No text]	[064r] [No text]		[062r] [No text]
[16]	[062r] [No text]	[058r] [No text]	[065r] [No text]		[063r] [No text]
[17]	[063r] [No text]	[059r] [No text]	[066r] [No text]		[064r] [No text]
[18]	[064r] [No text]	[060r] [No text]	[067r] [No text]		[065r] [No text]
[19]	[065r] [No text]	[061r] [No text]	[068r] [No text]		[066r] [No text]
[20]	[066r] [No text]	[062r] [No text]	[069r] [No text]		[067r] [No text]
[21]	[067r] [No text]	[063r] [No text]	[070r] [No text]		[068r] [No text]
[22]	[068r] [No text]	[064r] [No text]	[071r] [No text]		[069r] [No text]
[23]	[069r] [No text]	[065r] [No text]	[072r] [No text]		[070r] [No text]
[24]	[070r] [No text]	[066r] [No text]	[073r] [No text]		[071r] [No text]
[25]	[071r] [No text]	[067r] [No text]	[074r] [No text]	[374r] [No text]	[072r] [No text]
[26]	[072r] [In a banner] Gotes dyener wil ich sein vnd maria der Jungfrawe fr [?] rein Sie haben behut dz leben mein :~:~ [In modern script] Gottes diener Will ich seyn, Und Maria der Jungfrau rein Sie haben behüt das Leben mein.	[068r] Page:MS 26.236 068r.jpg	[070r] Page:2º Col.MS.Philos.61 070r.png	[375r] [No text]	[073r] Page:Cod.icon. 395 073r.jpg

No Translation	Archetype (1448) [edit] by Dierk Hagedorn	New York Version (1600s) [edit]	Göttingen Version (1600s) [edit]	Kassel Version (1600s) [edit]	Munich Version (ca.1820) [edit]
[1]	[073v] [No text]	[073r] [No text]	[076r] [No text]	[377r] [No text]	[074v] [No text]
[2]	[074v] [No text]	[074r] [No text]	[077r] [No text]		[075v] [No text]
[3]	[075v] [No text]	[075r] [No text]	[078r] [No text]		[076v] [No text]
[4]	[076v] [No text]	[076r] [No text]	[079r] [No text]		[077v] [No text]
[5]	[077v] [No text]	[077r] [No text]	[080r] [No text]		[078v] [No text]
[6]	[078v] [No text]	[078r] [No text]	[081r] [No text]		[079v] [No text]
[7]	[079v] [No text]	[079r] [No text]	[082r] [No text]		[080v] [No text]
[8]	[080v] [No text]	[080r] [No text]	[083r] [No text]		[081v] [No text]
[9]				[378r] [No text]

Draft Translation by Tyrone Artur Budzin	Archetype (1448) [edit] by Dierk Hagedorn	New York Version (1600s) [edit]	Göttingen Version (1600s) [edit]	Kassel Version (1600s) [edit]	Munich Version (ca.1820) [edit]	Wolfenbüttel Ⅰ (1465-80) [edit] by Dierk Hagedorn
[1] A beginning, with same grasping of the arms.	[116v] Ain an hebung czw gleichm~ fassen auß den armen	[111r] Page:MS 26.236 111r.jpg	[114r] Page:2º Col.MS.Philos.61 114r.png	[381r] Page:2º MS iurid. 29 381r.png	[114v] Page:Cod.icon. 395 114v.jpg	[118v] [No text] (similar)
[2] This is a strike, to come at the man.	[117r] Das ist ain abslahen czw komen an den man	[112r] Page:MS 26.236 112r.jpg	[115r] Page:2º Col.MS.Philos.61 115r.png		[115r] Page:Cod.icon. 395 115r.jpg
[3] This is the hip-wrestle by the neck.	[117v] Das ist das hu^eff ringen beÿ dem hals	[112r] Page:MS 26.236 112r.jpg	[115v] Page:2º Col.MS.Philos.61 115v.png		[115v] Page:Cod.icon. 395 115v.jpg
[4] This is a break against the hip wrestle by the neck.	[118r] Das ist der bruch vber das hueff ringen pey dem hals	[113r] Page:MS 26.236 113r.jpg	[116r] Page:2º Col.MS.Philos.61 116r.png		[116r] Page:Cod.icon. 395 116r.jpg
[5] The arm close over the hip.	[118v] Das arm~ slyssen vber dy hueff	[113v] Page:MS 26.236 113v.jpg	[116v] Page:2º Col.MS.Philos.61 116v.png		[116v] Page:Cod.icon. 395 116v.jpg
[6] This is an advance to grasp the same leg.	[119r] Das ist das dringen pey dem pain zu gleichm~ fassen	[114r] Page:MS 26.236 114r.jpg	[117r] Page:2º Col.MS.Philos.61 117r.png		[117r] Page:Cod.icon. 395 117r.jpg
[7] This is the forward step when equal in grasp.	[119v] Das ist das fur treten czw gleichem fassen	[114v] Page:MS 26.236 114v.jpg	[117v] Page:2º Col.MS.Philos.61 117v.png		[117v] Page:Cod.icon. 395 117v.jpg
[8] He who presses you, throw over your head like so.	[120r] Wer dich tringt den burf vber das haubt also	[115r] Page:MS 26.236 115r.jpg	[118r] Page:2º Col.MS.Philos.61 118r.png		[118r] Page:Cod.icon. 395 118r.jpg	[119r] [No text] (similar)
[9] This is the slip-through outside of the leg.	[120v] Das ist das durch sliffen aussen pey dem pain	[115v] Page:MS 26.236 115v.jpg	[118v] Page:2º Col.MS.Philos.61 118v.png		[118v] Page:Cod.icon. 395 118v.jpg	[120v] [No text] (similar)
[10] This is the slip-through inside of the leg.	[121r] Das ist das durch sliffen In wen dem pain	[116r] Page:MS 26.236 116r.jpg	[119r] Page:2º Col.MS.Philos.61 119r.png		[119r] Page:Cod.icon. 395 119r.jpg	[123r] [No text] (similar)
[11] That is the wrong slip-through when back to back.	[121v] Das ist das ebich durch sliffen ruck an ruck	[116v] Page:MS 26.236 116v.jpg	[119v] Page:2º Col.MS.Philos.61 119v.png		[119v] Page:Cod.icon. 395 119v.jpg
[12] The limb breaking at the outside of the arm.	[122r] Das glit prechen aussen an den arm~	[117r] Page:MS 26.236 117r.jpg	[120r] Page:2º Col.MS.Philos.61 120r.png		[120r] Page:Cod.icon. 395 120r.jpg	[118r] [No text] (similar)
[13] This is the break against the slip-through on the outside of the leg, grasp to send him into a vertigo spin.	[122v] Das ist der bruech vber das durch sliffñ aussen an dem pain faß In in dy swindel wait	[117v] Page:MS 26.236 117v.jpg	[120v] Page:2º Col.MS.Philos.61 120v.png		[120v] Page:Cod.icon. 395 120v.jpg	[114v] [No text] (similar)
[14] This is the break against the slip-through inside the leg.	[123r] Das ist der bruch vb° das durch sliffñ In an dem pain	[118r] Page:MS 26.236 118r.jpg	[121r] Page:2º Col.MS.Philos.61 121r.png		[121r] Page:Cod.icon. 395 121r.jpg
[15] Right against right left against left.	[123v] Recht gein recht glinck gein glinck	[118v] Page:MS 26.236 118v.jpg	[121v] Page:2º Col.MS.Philos.61 121v.png		[121v] Page:Cod.icon. 395 121v.jpg	[117v] [No text] (similar)
[16] This is the break against the slip-through the outside at the leg, grasp to send him into a vertigo spin.	[124r] Das ist der pruch vber das durch sliffen aussen an dem pain faß In In dy swindel wag	[119r] Page:MS 26.236 119r.jpg	[122r] Page:2º Col.MS.Philos.61 122r.png		[122r] Page:Cod.icon. 395 122r.jpg	[119v] [No text] (similar)
[17] This is the hurl by the arm.	[124v] Das sit das sleuderñ pey dem arm~	[119v] Page:MS 26.236 119v.jpg	[122v] Page:2º Col.MS.Philos.61 122v.png		[122v] Page:Cod.icon. 395 122v.jpg	[114r] [No text] (similar)
[18] This is the step-behind in the arm where you press.	[125r] Das ist das hintter tretten In dem arme~ wer dich truckt	[120r] Page:MS 26.236 120r.jpg	[123r] Page:2º Col.MS.Philos.61 123r.png		[123r] Page:Cod.icon. 395 123r.jpg	[113r] [No text] (similar)
[19] How to push away from you when someone closes in.	[125v] Das von dir stossen wer in dich dringt	[120v] Page:MS 26.236 120v.jpg	[123v] Page:2º Col.MS.Philos.61 123v.png		[123v] Page:Cod.icon. 395 123v.jpg	[117r] [No text] (similar)
[20] This is the vertigo spin when you raise him.	[126r] Das ist dy swindel wag zw auff czucken	[121r] Page:MS 26.236 121r.jpg	[124r] Page:2º Col.MS.Philos.61 124r.png		[124r] Page:Cod.icon. 395 124r.jpg
[21] This is the ending of the vertigo spin.	[126v] Da hat die swindel wag ain end	[121v] Page:MS 26.236 121v.jpg	[124v] Page:2º Col.MS.Philos.61 124v.png		[124v] Page:Cod.icon. 395 124v.jpg	[120r] [No text] (similar)
[22] This is the knee kick against the limb.	[127r] Das ist das knye ab tretten wider das glit	[122r] Page:MS 26.236 122r.jpg	[125r] Page:2º Col.MS.Philos.61 125r.png		[125r] Page:Cod.icon. 395 125r.jpg
[23] This is the arm break against the shoulder.	[127v] Das ist das arm~ ab prechen vber dy achsel	[122v] Page:MS 26.236 122v.jpg	[125v] Page:2º Col.MS.Philos.61 125v.png		[125v] Page:Cod.icon. 395 125v.jpg
[24] One should play on a board like this.	[128r] Also sol man auff aim In dem pret spilen	[123r] Page:MS 26.236 123r.jpg	[126r] Page:2º Col.MS.Philos.61 126r.png		[126r] Page:Cod.icon. 395 126r.jpg
[25] The twist at the arm.	[128v] Das vmb dreen bey dem arm~	[123v] Page:MS 26.236 123v.jpg	[126v] Page:2º Col.MS.Philos.61 126v.png		[126v] Page:Cod.icon. 395 126v.jpg
[26] The French Wrestling.	[129r] Das franczosis ringen	[124r] Page:MS 26.236 124r.jpg	[127r] Page:2º Col.MS.Philos.61 127r.png		[127r] Page:Cod.icon. 395 127r.jpg	[112r] [No text] (similar)
[27] This is how to go through back to back.	[129v] Das ist das mit durch gen ruck ruck an	[124v] Page:MS 26.236 124v.jpg	[127v] Page:2º Col.MS.Philos.61 127v.png		[127v] Page:Cod.icon. 395 127v.jpg	[113v] [No text] (similar)
[28] Back to back is finished.	[130r] Ruck an rück hat ein end	[125r] Page:MS 26.236 125r.jpg	[128r] Page:2º Col.MS.Philos.61 128r.png		[128r] Page:Cod.icon. 395 128r.jpg
[29] This is the defense against a hard press.	[130v] Das ist al pruch vber hart trücken	[125v] Page:MS 26.236 125v.jpg	[128v] Page:2º Col.MS.Philos.61 128v.png		[128v] Page:Cod.icon. 395 128v.jpg	[112v] [No text] (similar)
[30] How the man who is caught throws two.	[131r] Wye ainer czwen sol werffen den man gefangñ fürt	[126r] Page:MS 26.236 126r.jpg	[129r] Page:2º Col.MS.Philos.61 129r.png		[129r] Page:Cod.icon. 395 129r.jpg
[31] That is how one should close one arm with both arms.	[131v] Das ist das wie man aim^ainarm~ sol slissen mit payden arm~	[126v] Page:MS 26.236 126v.jpg	[129v] Page:2º Col.MS.Philos.61 129v.png		[129v] Page:Cod.icon. 395 129v.jpg
[32] That is how you can close in with the elbow in his shoulder.	[132r] Das ist wie man aim sol enfaln mit dem elpogen In sein achsel glit				[130r] Page:Cod.icon. 395 130r.jpg
[33] That is the defense when one has the leg on the others arm.	[132v] Das ist der bruch wen ainer hat das pain auff der achsel				[130v] Page:Cod.icon. 395 130v.jpg
[34] [No text]	[133r] [No text]				[131r] [No text]
[35] [No text]	[133v] [No text]				[131v] [No text]
[A] [No text]						[115r] [No text]
[B] [No text]						[115v] [No text]
[C] [No text]						[116r] [No text]
[D] [No text]						[116v] [No text]
[E] [No text]						[121r] [No text]
[F] [No text]						[121v] [No text]

No Translation	Archetype (1448) [edit] by Dierk Hagedorn	Munich Version (ca.1820) [edit]
[1]	[141r] Das ist ain wasserman Der ist gemacht mit leder die augñ sollen sein von weissem duñen horn zu der Rorn hat er atem als lanng biß die obern seck val werd~ Das leder sol sein gesmirht mit öl vnd mit wachs vnd sol sein genät mit ain° sibeln al di nit sneidt also sol man die nachgeschribñ stuck all näen vnd smirben die von leder sein	[134r] Page:Cod.icon. 395 134r.jpg
[2]	[141v] Das ist wie man zu fuss vber wasser sol geen Das ist ain schuch mit ain° peil pleven solen ist der man swar so mach man den schuch dester swarer das er die wag hab das In der wind nit vmb werff vnden an dem schuch das ist das rued°	[134v] Page:Cod.icon. 395 134v.jpg
[3]	[142r] Das ist ain zewg zu ross vber wasser	[135r] Page:Cod.icon. 395 135r.jpg
[4]	[142v] das ist ain geschiffte laiter da die wäpmer an steigñ Das ist ain laiter wil ainen gesellen habñ	[135v] Page:Cod.icon. 395 135v.jpg
[5]	[143r] Das ist ain nater daman inn steiglaiter In ain venster mit hebt Das ist ain steigñ mit sprüsseln an ainem ainitzigñ strick Das ist ain aintzige stangñ mit sprüsseln zu steigñ Das ist ain schuch zu steigñ an an ain° slechten stangñ	[136r] Page:Cod.icon. 395 136r.jpg
[6]	[143v] Das ist wie man sich selb sol auf hin winden	[136v] Page:Cod.icon. 395 136v.jpg
[7]	[144r] Das ist ein steigñ mit vedern In aine~ ror an aine~ ainitzigñ strick	[137r] Page:Cod.icon. 395 137r.jpg
[8]	[144v] Das ist ain prugken von leder da müssen die seck auf geplosen sein mit furfallenden pletern sack	[137v] Page:Cod.icon. 395 137v.jpg
[9]	[145r] Das ist ain punt zu dem steckñ	[138r] Page:Cod.icon. 395 138r.jpg
[10]	[145v] also sol man ain Armbst vnder aine~ mantel spannen	[138v] Page:Cod.icon. 395 138v.jpg
[11]	[146r] Wie zwen man ain puchsen sellen hebñ auf aine~ wagñ die hundert zennten hat	[139r] Page:Cod.icon. 395 139r.jpg
[12]	[146v] ain geschiffter spies Das ist ain steiglaiter	[139v] Page:Cod.icon. 395 139v.jpg
[13]	[147r] ain sturmlaiter	[140r] Page:Cod.icon. 395 140r.jpg
[14]	[147v] Wie man ainen brief vnder aine~ wasser sol schreibñ	[140v] Page:Cod.icon. 395 140v.jpg
[15]	[148r] Wie man machñ sol das aiñ sein aigñ schlos nit mag auf tun Wie man aus dem sack sol komen	[141r] Page:Cod.icon. 395 141r.jpg
[16]	[148v] 3 Loth. 4 Loth.	[141v] Page:Cod.icon. 395 141v.jpg

@@ Line 7: / Line 7: @@
 | pseudonym              =
 | birthname              =
-| birthdate              = ca. 1410-15
+| birthdate              =
-| birthplace             = Swabia
+| birthplace             =
-| deathdate              = after 1482
+| deathdate              =
 | deathplace             =
 | occupation             = {{plainlist
@@ Line 40: / Line 40: @@
 | language               = [[language::Early New High German]]
 | notableworks           =
-| archetype              = {{collapsible list
+| archetype              = {{plainlist
   | [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Chart.A.558)|MS Chart.A.558]] (1448)(?)
-  | [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS XIX.17-3)|MS XIX 17-3]] (1446-1459)
+  | [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS XIX.17-3)|MS ⅩⅨ 17-3]] (1446-1459)
   | [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Thott.290.2º)|MS Thott 290.2º]] (1459)
-  | [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394a)|Cod. icon. 394a]] (1467)
+  | [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394a)|Cod.icon. 394a]] (1467)
 }}
 | manuscript(s)          = {{collapsible list
   | [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 78.A.15)|MS 78.A.15]] (1450s)
+ | [[Wolfenbüttel Picture Book (Cod.Guelf.78.2 Aug.2º)|Cod.Guelf.78.2 Aug.2º]] (1465-80)
   | [[Ambraser Codex (MS KK5342)|MS KK5342]] (1480-1500)
-  | [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.I.6.2º.1)|Cod. I.6.2º.1]] (before 1561)
+  | [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.I.6.2º.1)|Cod. Ⅰ.6.2º.1]] (before 1561)
   | [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.Ser.Nov.2978)|Cod.Ser.Nov.2978]] (1500s)
   | [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 26.236)|MS 26.236]] (1600s)
@@ Line 56: / Line 57: @@
   | [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.Guelf.125.16.Extrav.)|Cod.guelf.125.16.Extrav]] (late 1600s)
   | [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 014)|MS 014]] (1700s)
-  | [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394)|Cod. icon. 394]] (1820)
+  | [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394)|Cod.icon. 394]] (1820)
-  | [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 395)|Cod. icon. 395]] (ca.1820)
+  | [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 395)|Cod.icon. 395]] (ca.1820)
 }}
 | principal manuscript(s)=
@@ Line 72: / Line 73: @@
 | below                  = [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 102r.jpg|250px|center|thumb|''Talhoffer's heraldry, including the Lion of St. Mark'']]
 }}
-'''Hans Talhoffer''' (Dalhover, Talhouer, Thalhoffer, Talhofer) was a [[century::15th century]] [[nationality::German]] [[fencing master]]. His martial lineage is unknown, but his writings make it clear that he had some connection to the tradition of [[Johannes Liechtenauer]], the grand master of the German school of fencing. Talhoffer was a well educated man, who took interest in astrology, mathematics, onomastics, and the auctoritas and the ratio. He authored at least five [[fencing manual]]s during the course of his career, and appears to have made his living teaching, including training people for [[trial by combat]].
+'''Hans Talhoffer''' (Dalhover, Talhofer, Talhouer, Thalhoffer; fl. 1433-67) was a [[century::15th century]] [[nationality::German]] [[fencing master]]. His martial lineage is unknown, but his writings make it clear that he had some connection to the tradition of [[Johannes Liechtenauer]], the grand master of the German school of fencing. Talhoffer was a well educated man, who took interest in astrology, mathematics, onomastics, and the auctoritas and the ratio. He authored at least five [[fencing manual]]s during the course of his career, and appears to have made his living teaching, including training people for [[martial dueling]] and [[trial by combat]].
-The first historical reference to Talhoffer is in 1433, when he represented Johann II von Reisberg, archbishop of Salzburg, before the Vehmic court. Shortly thereafter in 1434, Talhoffer was arrested and questioned by order of Wilhelm von Villach (a footman to Albrecht III von Wittelsbach, duke of Bavaria) in connection to the trial of a Nuremberg aristocrat named Jacob Auer, accused of murdering of his brother Hans. Talhoffer subsequently confessed to being hired to abduct Hans von Villach, and offered testimony that others hired by Auer performed the murder.<ref>[[Jens P. Kleinau]]. [https://talhoffer.wordpress.com/2016/05/18/1434-march-20th-talhoffers-confession-in-salzburg/ "1434 March 20th – Talhoffer’s confession in Salzburg"]. ''Hans Talhoffer ~ A Historical Martial Arts blog by Jens P. Kleinau'', 18 May 2016. Retrieved 18 May 2016.</ref> Auer's trial was quite controversial and proved a major source of contention and regional strife for the subsequent two years. Talhoffer himself remained in the service of the archbishop for at least a few more years, and in 1437 is mentioned as serving as a bursary officer (''Kastner'') in Hohenburg.<ref>[[Jens P. Kleinau]]. "[http://talhoffer.wordpress.com/hans-talhoffers-life/ Hans Talhoffer’s life]". ''Hans Talhoffer ~ as seen by Jens P. Kleinau''. Retrieved 17 March 2012.</ref>
+The first historical reference to Talhoffer is in 1433, when he represented Johann Ⅱ von Reisberg, archbishop of Salzburg, before the Vehmic court. Shortly thereafter in 1434, Talhoffer was arrested and questioned by order of Wilhelm von Villenbach (a footman to Albrecht Ⅲ von Wittelsbach, duke of Bavaria) in connection to the trial of a Nuremberg aristocrat named Jacob Auer, accused of murdering of his brother Hans. Talhoffer subsequently confessed to being hired to abduct Hans von Villenbach, and offered testimony that others hired by Auer performed the murder.<ref>[[Jens P. Kleinau]]. [https://talhoffer.wordpress.com/2016/05/18/1434-march-20th-talhoffers-confession-in-salzburg/ "1434 March 20th – Talhoffer’s confession in Salzburg"]. ''Hans Talhoffer ~ A Historical Martial Arts blog by Jens P. Kleinau'', 18 May 2016. Retrieved 18 May 2016.</ref> Auer's trial was quite controversial and proved a major source of contention and regional strife for the subsequent two years. Talhoffer himself remained in the service of the archbishop for at least a few more years, and in 1437 is mentioned as serving as a bursary officer (''Kastner'') in Hohenburg.<ref>[[Jens P. Kleinau]]. "[http://talhoffer.wordpress.com/hans-talhoffers-life/ Hans Talhoffer’s life]". ''Hans Talhoffer ~ as seen by Jens P. Kleinau''. Retrieved 17 March 2012.</ref>
 The 1440s saw the launch of Talhoffer's career as a professional fencing master. He purchased (and perhaps contributed to) the [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Chart.A.558)|MS Chart.A.558]], an anthology created in ca. 1448. The fencing portion is largely text-less and it may have been designed as a visual aid for use in teaching; in addition to these illustrations, the manuscript also contains a treatise on name magic and a warbook that might be related to [[Konrad Kyeser]]'s ''Bellifortis''. While Talhoffer's owner's mark appears in this manuscript,<ref>See [[Page:MS Chart.A.558 001r.jpg|folio 1r]].</ref> his level of involvement with its creation is unclear. It contains many works by other authors, in addition to plays that are somewhat similar to his later works, and shows evidence of multiple scribes and multiple artists. It is possible that he purchased the manuscript after it was completed (or partially completed), and used it as a basis for his later teachings.<ref>The only other evidence that he was involved in the creation of the manuscript is the charge on the shield on [[Page:MS Chart.A.558 028r.jpg|folio 28r]], which matches his presumptive heraldry on [[Page:MS Thott.290.2º 102r.jpg|folio 102r]] of [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Thott.290.2º)|MS Thott.290.2º]] (1459); on the other hand, the escutcheon and the mantling are quite different between the two, so they cannot be said to be the same arms.</ref>
-Most notable among the noble clients that Talhoffer served in this period was the Königsegg family of southern Germany, and some time between 1446 and 1459<ref>[[Hans-Peter Hils]]. ''Meister Johann Liechtenauers Kunst des langen Schwertes''. Peter Lang, 1985. p 73.</ref> he produced the [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS XIX.17-3)|MS XIX.17-3]] for this family. This work depicts a judicial duel being fought by [[Luithold von Königsegg]] and the training that Talhoffer gave him in preparation, but it seems that this duel never actually took place.<ref>[[Jens P. Kleinau]]. "[http://talhoffer.wordpress.com/2011/07/11/who-was-luithold-of-konigsegg/ Who was Luithold of Königsegg?]". ''Hans Talhoffer ~ as seen by Jens P. Kleinau''. Retrieved 17 March 2012.</ref> He seems to have passed through Emerkingen later in the 1450s, where he was contracted to train the brothers David and Buppellin vom Stain; he also produced the [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 78.A.15)|MS 78.A.15]] for them, a significantly expanded version of the Königsegg manuscript.<ref>[[Hans-Peter Hils]]. ''Meister Johann Liechtenauers Kunst des langen Schwertes''. Peter Lang, 1985. p42.</ref>
+Most notable among the noble clients that Talhoffer served in this period was the Königsegg family of southern Germany, and some time between 1446 and 1459<ref>[[Hans-Peter Hils]]. ''Meister Johann Liechtenauers Kunst des langen Schwertes''. Peter Lang, 1985. p 73.</ref> he produced the [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS XIX.17-3)|MS ⅩⅨ.17-3]] for this family. This work depicts a judicial duel being fought by [[Luithold von Königsegg]] and the training that Talhoffer gave him in preparation, but it seems that this duel never actually took place.<ref>[[Jens P. Kleinau]]. "[http://talhoffer.wordpress.com/2011/07/11/who-was-luithold-of-konigsegg/ Who was Luithold of Königsegg?]". ''Hans Talhoffer ~ as seen by Jens P. Kleinau''. Retrieved 17 March 2012.</ref> He seems to have passed through Emerkingen later in the 1450s, where he was contracted to train the brothers David and Buppellin vom Stain; he also produced the [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 78.A.15)|MS 78.A.15]] for them, a significantly expanded version of the Königsegg manuscript.<ref>[[Hans-Peter Hils]]. ''Meister Johann Liechtenauers Kunst des langen Schwertes''. Peter Lang, 1985. p42.</ref>
-In 1459,<ref>Internally dated on [[:File:MS Thott.290.2º 103v.jpg|folio 103v]].</ref> Talhoffer commissioned the [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Thott.290.2º)|MS Thott.290.2º]], a new personal fencing manual along the same lines as the 1448 work but expanded with additional content and captioned throughout. He appears to have continued instructing throughout the 1460s, and in 1467 he produced his final manuscript, [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394a)|Cod.icon 394a]], for another of his noble clients, Eberhardt I von Württemberg.<ref>Internally dated and dedicated on [[:File:Cod.icon. 394a 16v.jpg|folio 16v]].</ref> This would be his most extensive work, and the graf paid 10 Guilder as well as quantities of rye and oats for the finished work.<ref>[[Jens P. Kleinau]]. "[http://talhoffer.wordpress.com/2011/04/21/1467-the-price-of-a-fencing-master/ 1467 The price of a fencing master]". ''Hans Talhoffer ~ as seen by Jens P. Kleinau''. Retrieved 17 March 2012.</ref>
+In 1459,<ref>Internally dated on [[:File:MS Thott.290.2º 103v.jpg|folio 103v]].</ref> Talhoffer commissioned the [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Thott.290.2º)|MS Thott.290.2º]], a new personal fencing manual along the same lines as the 1448 work but expanded with additional content and captioned throughout. He appears to have continued instructing throughout the 1460s, and in 1467 he produced his final manuscript, [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394a)|Cod.icon 394a]], for another of his noble clients, Eberhardt Ⅴ von Württemberg, count of Württemberg-Urach (who later became Eberhardt Ⅰ when the reunified Württemberg was elevated to a duchy in 1495).<ref>Internally dated and dedicated on [[:File:Cod.icon. 394a 16v.jpg|folio 16v]].</ref> This would be his most extensive work, and the count paid 10 Guilder as well as quantities of rye and oats for the finished work.<ref>[[Jens P. Kleinau]]. "[http://talhoffer.wordpress.com/2011/04/21/1467-the-price-of-a-fencing-master/ 1467 The price of a fencing master]". ''Hans Talhoffer ~ as seen by Jens P. Kleinau''. Retrieved 17 March 2012.</ref>
-While only a few facts are known about Talhoffer's life, this has not stopped authors from conjecture. The presence of the [[:File:MS KK5012 57v.jpg|Lion of St. Mark]] in Talhoffer's 1459 coat of arms (right) has given rise to speculation that he may have been an early or even founding member of the Frankfurt-am-Main-based [[Marxbrüder]] fencing guild, though there is no record of their existence prior to 1474.{{cn}} Additionally, much has been made of the fact that Talhoffer's name doesn't appear in [[Paulus Kal]]'s list of members of the [[Fellowship of Liechtenauer]].<ref>The Fellowship of Liechtenauer is recorded in three versions of [[Paulus Kal]]'s treatise: [[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS 1825)|MS 1825]] (1460s), [[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (Cgm 1507)|Cgm 1570]] (ca. 1470), and [[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS KK5126)|MS KK5126]] (1480s).</ref> While some have speculated that this indicates rivalry or ill-will between the two contemporaries, it is more likely that Talhoffer simply didn't participate in whatever venture the fellowship was organized for.
+While only a few facts are known about Talhoffer's life, this has not stopped authors from conjecture. The presence of the [[:File:MS KK5012 57v.jpg|Lion of St. Mark]] in Talhoffer's 1459 coat of arms (right) has given rise to speculation that he may have been an early or even founding member of the Frankfurt-am-Main-based [[Marxbrüder]] fencing guild, though there is no record of their existence prior to 1474.{{cn}} Additionally, much has been made of the fact that Talhoffer's name doesn't appear in [[Paulus Kal]]'s list of members of the [[Fellowship of Liechtenauer]].<ref>The Fellowship of Liechtenauer is recorded in three versions of [[Paulus Kal]]'s treatise: [[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS 1825)|MS 1825]] (1460s), [[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (Cgm 1507)|Cgm 1507]] (ca. 1470), and [[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS KK5126)|MS KK5126]] (1480s).</ref> While some have speculated that this indicates rivalry or ill-will between the two contemporaries, it is more likely that Talhoffer simply didn't participate in whatever venture the fellowship was organized for.
 Various otherwise-unidentified fencing masters named Hans have also been associated by some authors with Talhoffer. The 1454 records of the city of Zürich note that a master (presumed by some authors to be Hans Talhoffer) was chartered to teach fencing in some capacity and to adjudicate judicial duels; the account further notes that a fight broke out among his students and had to be settled in front of the city council, resulting in various fines.<ref>[[Hans-Peter Hils]]. ''Meister Johann Liechtenauers Kunst des langen Schwertes''. Peter Lang, 1985. p176.</ref> In 1455, a master named Hans was retained by Mahiot Coquel to train him for his duel with Jacotin Plouvier in Valencienne; if this were Talhoffer, his training did little good as Coquel lost the duel and died in brutal fashion.{{cn}}
@@ Line 98: / Line 99: @@
   | width = 100%
 }}
-In addition to the four manuscripts which reproduce all or parts of the contents of the Gotha version, there are two others that only reproduce the material on dueling with longshields. These are the [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.Guelf.125.16.Extrav.)|Wolfenbüttel]] and [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 014)|Coburg]] versions (which date to the 17th and 18th centuries, respectively), and they are also different from the other copies in that they have captions for many of the illustrations in this section. It's unclear who wrote the text or when it was written, but it's possible that the text is original to the treatise and the Gotha version is just a draft or incomplete copy of another, now lost, manuscript. In the absense of more information, it seems prudent to treat it as authentic. To streamline the concordance, these two sections are included at the far-right side of the longshield dueling and not included in any other sections.
+In addition to the four manuscripts which reproduce most or all of the contents of the Gotha version, there are three others that only reproduce single sections.
+[[Wolfenbüttel Picture Book (Cod.Guelf.78.2 Aug.2º)|Wolfenbüttel Ⅰ]] (1465-80) reproduces only 15 of the 34 illustrated wrestling plays, and also omits their captions. These are not exact copies of the plays in the [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Chart.A.558)|archetype]], but are often depicted mirrored or with minor differences in hand or foot position.
+Conversely, the [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.Guelf.125.16.Extrav.)|Wolfenbüttel Ⅱ]] and [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 014)|Coburg]] versions (which date to the 17th and 18th centuries, respectively) contain the full section on trial by combat with longshields, and they exceed the other versions in that they add captions for many of the illustrations. It's unclear who wrote this text or when it was written, but it's possible that the text is original to the treatise and the [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Chart.A.558)|archetype]] for all later versions is just a draft or incomplete copy from another manuscript, now missing. In the absence of more information, it seems prudent to treat the text as authentic.
+To streamline the concordance, these additional sources are included at the far-right side of the respective tables and not included in any other sections.
 {{master subsection begin
@@ Line 106: / Line 113: @@
 {| class="master"
 |-
-! <p>Images<br/>from the [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Chart.A.558)|Archetype]]</p>
+! <p>Illustrations<br/>from the [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Chart.A.558)|Archetype]]</p>
 ! <p>{{rating|B}}<br/>by [[Michael Chidester]]</p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Chart.A.558)|Archetype Transcription]] (1448){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Chart.A.558)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Chart.A.558)|Archetype]] (1448){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Chart.A.558)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 26.236)|New York Transcription]] (1600s){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 26.236)}}<br/></p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 26.236)|New York Version]] (1600s){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 26.236)}}<br/></p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (2º Col.MS.Philos.61)|Göttingen Transcription]] (1600s){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (2º Col.MS.Philos.61)}}<br/></p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (2º Col.MS.Philos.61)|Göttingen Version]] (1600s){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (2º Col.MS.Philos.61)}}<br/></p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Sammelhandschrift (2º MS iurid. 29)|Kassel Transcription]] (1600s){{edit index|Talhoffer Sammelhandschrift (2º MS iurid. 29)}}<br/></p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Sammelhandschrift (2º MS iurid. 29)|Kassel Version]] (1600s){{edit index|Talhoffer Sammelhandschrift (2º MS iurid. 29)}}<br/></p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon.395)|Munich Transcription]] (ca.1820){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon.395)}}<br/></p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon.395)|Munich Version]] (ca.1820){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon.395)}}<br/></p>
 |-
@@ Line 122: / Line 129: @@
 | {{paget|Page:MS 26.236|020r|jpg}}
 | {{paget|Page:2º Col.MS.Philos.61|003r|png}}
-| {{paget|Page:2º MS iurid. 29|367v|png}}
+| {{paget|Page:2º MS iurid. 29|363r|png}}
 | {{paget|Page:Cod.icon. 395|002r|jpg}}
@@ Line 179: / Line 186: @@
 {| class="master"
 |-
-! <p>Images<br/>from the [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Chart.A.558)|Archetype]]</p>
+! <p>Illustrations<br/>from the [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Chart.A.558)|Archetype]]</p>
 ! <p>{{rating}}<br/></p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Chart.A.558)|Archetype Transcription]] (1448){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Chart.A.558)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Chart.A.558)|Archetype]] (1448){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Chart.A.558)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 26.236)|New York Transcription]] (1600s){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 26.236)}}<br/></p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 26.236)|New York Version]] (1600s){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 26.236)}}<br/></p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (2º Col.MS.Philos.61)|Göttingen Transcription]] (1600s){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (2º Col.MS.Philos.61)}}<br/></p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (2º Col.MS.Philos.61)|Göttingen Version]] (1600s){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (2º Col.MS.Philos.61)}}<br/></p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Sammelhandschrift (2º MS iurid. 29)|Kassel Transcription]] (1600s){{edit index|Talhoffer Sammelhandschrift (2º MS iurid. 29)}}<br/></p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Sammelhandschrift (2º MS iurid. 29)|Kassel Version]] (1600s){{edit index|Talhoffer Sammelhandschrift (2º MS iurid. 29)}}<br/></p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon.395)|Munich Transcription]] (ca.1820){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon.395)}}<br/></p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon.395)|Munich Version]] (ca.1820){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon.395)}}<br/></p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.Guelf.125.16.Extrav.)|Wolfenbüttel Transcription]] (1600s){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.Guelf.125.16.Extrav.)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.Guelf.125.16.Extrav.)|Wolfenbüttel Version Ⅱ]] (1600s){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.Guelf.125.16.Extrav.)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 014)|Coburg Transcription]] (1700s){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 014)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 014)|Coburg Version]] (1700s){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 014)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
 |-
@@ Line 754: / Line 761: @@
 {| class="master"
 |-
-! <p>Images<br/>from the [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Chart.A.558)|Archetype]]</p>
+! <p>Illustrations<br/>from the [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Chart.A.558)|Archetype]]</p>
 ! <p>{{rating}}<br/></p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Chart.A.558)|Archetype Transcription]] (1448){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Chart.A.558)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Chart.A.558)|Archetype]] (1448){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Chart.A.558)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 26.236)|New York Transcription]] (1600s){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 26.236)}}<br/></p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 26.236)|New York Version]] (1600s){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 26.236)}}<br/></p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (2º Col.MS.Philos.61)|Göttingen Transcription]] (1600s){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (2º Col.MS.Philos.61)}}<br/></p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (2º Col.MS.Philos.61)|Göttingen Version]] (1600s){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (2º Col.MS.Philos.61)}}<br/></p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Sammelhandschrift (2º MS iurid. 29)|Kassel Transcription]] (1600s){{edit index|Talhoffer Sammelhandschrift (2º MS iurid. 29)}}<br/></p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Sammelhandschrift (2º MS iurid. 29)|Kassel Version]] (1600s){{edit index|Talhoffer Sammelhandschrift (2º MS iurid. 29)}}<br/></p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon.395)|Munich Transcription]] (ca.1820){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon.395)}}<br/></p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon.395)|Munich Version]] (ca.1820){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon.395)}}<br/></p>
 |-
@@ Line 1,005: / Line 1,012: @@
 {| class="master"
 |-
-! <p>Images<br/>from the [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Chart.A.558)|Archetype]]</p>
+! <p>Illustrations<br/>from the [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Chart.A.558)|Archetype]]</p>
 ! <p>{{rating}}<br/></p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Chart.A.558)|Archetype Transcription]] (1448){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Chart.A.558)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Chart.A.558)|Archetype]] (1448){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Chart.A.558)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 26.236)|New York Transcription]] (1600s){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 26.236)}}<br/></p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 26.236)|New York Version]] (1600s){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 26.236)}}<br/></p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (2º Col.MS.Philos.61)|Göttingen Transcription]] (1600s){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (2º Col.MS.Philos.61)}}<br/></p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (2º Col.MS.Philos.61)|Göttingen Version]] (1600s){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (2º Col.MS.Philos.61)}}<br/></p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Sammelhandschrift (2º MS iurid. 29)|Kassel Transcription]] (1600s){{edit index|Talhoffer Sammelhandschrift (2º MS iurid. 29)}}<br/></p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Sammelhandschrift (2º MS iurid. 29)|Kassel Version]] (1600s){{edit index|Talhoffer Sammelhandschrift (2º MS iurid. 29)}}<br/></p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon.395)|Munich Transcription]] (ca.1820){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon.395)}}<br/></p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon.395)|Munich Version]] (ca.1820){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon.395)}}<br/></p>
 |-
@@ Line 1,103: / Line 1,110: @@
 {| class="master"
 |-
-! <p>Images<br/>from the [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Chart.A.558)|Archetype]]</p>
+! <p>Illustrations<br/>from the [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Chart.A.558)|Archetype]]</p>
 ! <p>{{rating}}<br/></p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Chart.A.558)|Archetype Transcription]] (1448){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Chart.A.558)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Chart.A.558)|Archetype]] (1448){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Chart.A.558)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 26.236)|New York Transcription]] (1600s){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 26.236)}}<br/></p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 26.236)|New York Version]] (1600s){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 26.236)}}<br/></p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (2º Col.MS.Philos.61)|Göttingen Transcription]] (1600s){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (2º Col.MS.Philos.61)}}<br/></p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (2º Col.MS.Philos.61)|Göttingen Version]] (1600s){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (2º Col.MS.Philos.61)}}<br/></p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Sammelhandschrift (2º MS iurid. 29)|Kassel Transcription]] (1600s){{edit index|Talhoffer Sammelhandschrift (2º MS iurid. 29)}}<br/></p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Sammelhandschrift (2º MS iurid. 29)|Kassel Version]] (1600s){{edit index|Talhoffer Sammelhandschrift (2º MS iurid. 29)}}<br/></p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon.395)|Munich Transcription]] (ca.1820){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon.395)}}<br/></p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon.395)|Munich Version]] (ca.1820){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon.395)}}<br/></p>
 |-
@@ Line 1,512: / Line 1,519: @@
 {{master subsection begin
   | title = Grappling
-  | width = 210em
+  | width = 240em
 }}
 {| class="master"
 |-
-! <p>Images<br/>from the [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Chart.A.558)|Archetype]]</p>
+! <p>Illustrations<br/>from the [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Chart.A.558)|Archetype]]</p>
 ! <p>{{rating|C}}<br/>by [[Tyrone Artur Budzin]]</p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Chart.A.558)|Archetype Transcription]] (1448){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Chart.A.558)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Chart.A.558)|Archetype]] (1448){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Chart.A.558)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 26.236)|New York Transcription]] (1600s){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 26.236)}}<br/></p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 26.236)|New York Version]] (1600s){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 26.236)}}<br/></p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (2º Col.MS.Philos.61)|Göttingen Transcription]] (1600s){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (2º Col.MS.Philos.61)}}<br/></p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (2º Col.MS.Philos.61)|Göttingen Version]] (1600s){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (2º Col.MS.Philos.61)}}<br/></p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Sammelhandschrift (2º MS iurid. 29)|Kassel Transcription]] (1600s){{edit index|Talhoffer Sammelhandschrift (2º MS iurid. 29)}}<br/></p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Sammelhandschrift (2º MS iurid. 29)|Kassel Version]] (1600s){{edit index|Talhoffer Sammelhandschrift (2º MS iurid. 29)}}<br/></p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon.395)|Munich Transcription]] (ca.1820){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon.395)}}<br/></p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon.395)|Munich Version]] (ca.1820){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon.395)}}<br/></p>
+! <p>[[Wolfenbüttel Picture Book (Cod.Guelf.78.2 Aug.2º)|Wolfenbüttel Ⅰ]] (1465-80){{edit index|Wolfenbüttel Picture Book (Cod.Guelf.78.2 Aug.2º)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
 |-
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+| <p>[35] [No text]</p>
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+|-
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+| [[File:Cod.Guelf.78.2 Aug.2º 115r.jpg|300px|center]]
+| <p>[A] [No text]</p>
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+|-
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+| <p>[B] [No text]</p>
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+|-
+| class="noline" | [[File:Cod.Guelf.78.2 Aug.2º 121v.jpg|300px|center]]
+| class="noline" | <p>[F] [No text]</p>
+| class="noline" |
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+|-
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+|}
+{{master subsection end}}
+{{master subsection begin
+  | title = Warbook
   | width = 210em
 }}
 {| class="master"
 |-
-! <p>Images<br/>from the [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Chart.A.558)|Archetype]]</p>
+! <p>Illustrations<br/>from the [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Chart.A.558)|Archetype]]</p>
 ! <p>{{rating}}<br/></p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Chart.A.558)|Archetype Transcription]] (1448){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Chart.A.558)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Chart.A.558)|Archetype]] (1448){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Chart.A.558)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 26.236)|New York Transcription]] (1600s){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 26.236)}}<br/></p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 26.236)|New York Version]] (1600s){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 26.236)}}<br/></p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (2º Col.MS.Philos.61)|Göttingen Transcription]] (1600s){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (2º Col.MS.Philos.61)}}<br/></p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (2º Col.MS.Philos.61)|Göttingen Version]] (1600s){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (2º Col.MS.Philos.61)}}<br/></p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Sammelhandschrift (2º MS iurid. 29)|Kassel Transcription]] (1600s){{edit index|Talhoffer Sammelhandschrift (2º MS iurid. 29)}}<br/></p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Sammelhandschrift (2º MS iurid. 29)|Kassel Version]] (1600s){{edit index|Talhoffer Sammelhandschrift (2º MS iurid. 29)}}<br/></p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon.395)|Munich Transcription]] (ca.1820){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon.395)}}<br/></p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon.395)|Munich Version]] (ca.1820){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon.395)}}<br/></p>
 |-
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 {| class="master" style="clear:right;"
 |-
-! <p>Images</p>
+! <p>Illustrations</p>
-! <p>{{rating|C|Completed Translation (from the Vienna)}}<br/>by [[Hugh Knight]]</p>
+! <p>{{rating|C|Draft Translation (from the Vienna)}}<br/>by [[Hugh Knight]]</p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS XIX.17-3)|Archetype Transcription]] (1446-1459){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS XIX.17-3)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS XIX.17-3)|Archetype]] (1446-1459){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS XIX.17-3)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 78.A.15)|Berlin Transcription]] (1450s){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 78.A.15)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 78.A.15)|Berlin Version]] (1450s){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 78.A.15)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
-! <p>[[Ambraser Codex (MS KK5342)|Vienna Transcription]] (1480-1500){{edit index|Ambraser Codex (MS KK5342)}}<br/>by [[Gustav Hergsell]]</p>
+! <p>[[Ambraser Codex (MS KK5342)|Vienna Version]] (1480-1500){{edit index|Ambraser Codex (MS KK5342)}}<br/>by [[Gustav Hergsell]]</p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.I.6.2º.1)|Augsburg Transcription]] (1561){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.I.6.2º.1)}}</p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.I.6.2º.1)|Augsburg Version]] (1561){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.I.6.2º.1)}}</p>
 |-
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 {| class="master" style="clear:right;"
 |-
-! <p>Images</p>
+! <p>Illustrations</p>
 ! <p>{{rating}}</p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS XIX.17-3)|Archetype Transcription]] (1446-1459){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS XIX.17-3)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS XIX.17-3)|Archetype]] (1446-1459){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS XIX.17-3)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 78.A.15)|Berlin Transcription]] (1450s){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 78.A.15)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 78.A.15)|Berlin Version]] (1450s){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 78.A.15)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
-! <p>[[Ambraser Codex (MS KK5342)|Vienna Transcription]] (1480-1500){{edit index|Ambraser Codex (MS KK5342)}}<br/>by [[Gustav Hergsell]]</p>
+! <p>[[Ambraser Codex (MS KK5342)|Vienna Version]] (1480-1500){{edit index|Ambraser Codex (MS KK5342)}}<br/>by [[Gustav Hergsell]]</p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.I.6.2º.1)|Augsburg Transcription]] (1561){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.I.6.2º.1)}}</p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.I.6.2º.1)|Augsburg Version]] (1561){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.I.6.2º.1)}}</p>
 |-
@@ Line 2,151: / Line 2,273: @@
 {| class="master" style="clear:right;"
 |-
-! <p>Images</p>
+! <p>Illustrations</p>
-! <p>{{rating|c|Completed Translation (from the Vienna)}}<br/>by [[Brian Hunt]]</p>
+! <p>{{rating|C|Draft Translation (from the Vienna)}}<br/>by [[Brian Hunt]]</p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS XIX.17-3)|Archetype Transcription]] (1446-1459){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS XIX.17-3)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS XIX.17-3)|Archetype]] (1446-1459){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS XIX.17-3)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 78.A.15)|Berlin Transcription]] (1450s){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 78.A.15)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 78.A.15)|Berlin Version]] (1450s){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 78.A.15)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
-! <p>[[Ambraser Codex (MS KK5342)|Vienna Transcription]] (1480-1500){{edit index|Ambraser Codex (MS KK5342)}}<br/>by [[Gustav Hergsell]]</p>
+! <p>[[Ambraser Codex (MS KK5342)|Vienna Version]] (1480-1500){{edit index|Ambraser Codex (MS KK5342)}}<br/>by [[Gustav Hergsell]]</p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.I.6.2º.1)|Augsburg Transcription]] (1561){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.I.6.2º.1)}}</p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.I.6.2º.1)|Augsburg Version]] (1561){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.I.6.2º.1)}}</p>
 |-
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 {| class="master" style="clear:right;"
 |-
-! <p>Images</p>
+! <p>Illustrations</p>
-! <p>{{rating|c}}<br/>Open</p>
+! <p>{{rating|C}}<br/>by [[Cory Winslow]]</p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS XIX.17-3)|Archetype Transcription]] (1446-1459){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS XIX.17-3)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS XIX.17-3)|Archetype]] (1446-1459){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS XIX.17-3)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 78.A.15)|Berlin Transcription]] (1450s){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 78.A.15)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 78.A.15)|Berlin Version]] (1450s){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 78.A.15)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
-! <p>[[Ambraser Codex (MS KK5342)|Vienna Transcription]] (1480-1500){{edit index|Ambraser Codex (MS KK5342)}}<br/>by [[Gustav Hergsell]]</p>
+! <p>[[Ambraser Codex (MS KK5342)|Vienna Version]] (1480-1500){{edit index|Ambraser Codex (MS KK5342)}}<br/>by [[Gustav Hergsell]]</p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.I.6.2º.1)|Augsburg Transcription]] (1561){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.I.6.2º.1)}}</p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.I.6.2º.1)|Augsburg Version]] (1561){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.I.6.2º.1)}}</p>
 |-
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 {| class="master" style="clear:right;"
 |-
-! <p>Images</p>
+! <p>Illustrations</p>
 ! <p>{{rating}}</p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS XIX.17-3)|Archetype Transcription]] (1446-1459){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS XIX.17-3)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS XIX.17-3)|Archetype]] (1446-1459){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS XIX.17-3)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 78.A.15)|Berlin Transcription]] (1450s){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 78.A.15)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 78.A.15)|Berlin Version]] (1450s){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 78.A.15)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
-! <p>[[Ambraser Codex (MS KK5342)|Vienna Transcription]] (1480-1500){{edit index|Ambraser Codex (MS KK5342)}}<br/>by [[Gustav Hergsell]]</p>
+! <p>[[Ambraser Codex (MS KK5342)|Vienna Version]] (1480-1500){{edit index|Ambraser Codex (MS KK5342)}}<br/>by [[Gustav Hergsell]]</p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.I.6.2º.1)|Augsburg Transcription]] (1561){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.I.6.2º.1)}}</p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.I.6.2º.1)|Augsburg Version]] (1561){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.I.6.2º.1)}}</p>
 |-
@@ Line 2,968: / Line 3,090: @@
 {| class="master" style="clear:right;"
 |-
-! <p>Images</p>
+! <p>Illustrations</p>
 ! <p>{{rating|B}}<br/>by [[Betsy Winslow]]</p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS XIX.17-3)|Archetype Transcription]] (1446-1459){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS XIX.17-3)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS XIX.17-3)|Archetype]] (1446-1459){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS XIX.17-3)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 78.A.15)|Berlin Transcription]] (1450s){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 78.A.15)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 78.A.15)|Berlin Version]] (1450s){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 78.A.15)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
-! <p>[[Ambraser Codex (MS KK5342)|Vienna Transcription]] (1480-1500){{edit index|Ambraser Codex (MS KK5342)}}<br/>by [[Gustav Hergsell]]</p>
+! <p>[[Ambraser Codex (MS KK5342)|Vienna Version]] (1480-1500){{edit index|Ambraser Codex (MS KK5342)}}<br/>by [[Gustav Hergsell]]</p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.I.6.2º.1)|Augsburg Transcription]] (1561){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.I.6.2º.1)}}</p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.I.6.2º.1)|Augsburg Version]] (1561){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.I.6.2º.1)}}</p>
 |-
@@ Line 3,072: / Line 3,194: @@
 {| class="master" style="clear:right;"
 |-
-! <p>Images</p>
+! <p>Illustrations</p>
 ! <p>{{rating}}</p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS XIX.17-3)|Archetype Transcription]] (1446-1459){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS XIX.17-3)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS XIX.17-3)|Archetype]] (1446-1459){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS XIX.17-3)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 78.A.15)|Berlin Transcription]] (1450s){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 78.A.15)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 78.A.15)|Berlin Version]] (1450s){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 78.A.15)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
-! <p>[[Ambraser Codex (MS KK5342)|Vienna Transcription]] (1480-1500){{edit index|Ambraser Codex (MS KK5342)}}<br/>by [[Gustav Hergsell]]</p>
+! <p>[[Ambraser Codex (MS KK5342)|Vienna Version]] (1480-1500){{edit index|Ambraser Codex (MS KK5342)}}<br/>by [[Gustav Hergsell]]</p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.I.6.2º.1)|Augsburg Transcription]] (1561){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.I.6.2º.1)}}</p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.I.6.2º.1)|Augsburg Version]] (1561){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.I.6.2º.1)}}</p>
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-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS XIX.17-3)|Archetype Transcription]] (1446-1459){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS XIX.17-3)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS XIX.17-3)|Archetype]] (1446-1459){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS XIX.17-3)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 78.A.15)|Berlin Transcription]] (1450s){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 78.A.15)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 78.A.15)|Berlin Version]] (1450s){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 78.A.15)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
-! <p>[[Ambraser Codex (MS KK5342)|Vienna Transcription]] (1480-1500){{edit index|Ambraser Codex (MS KK5342)}}<br/>by [[Gustav Hergsell]]</p>
+! <p>[[Ambraser Codex (MS KK5342)|Vienna Version]] (1480-1500){{edit index|Ambraser Codex (MS KK5342)}}<br/>by [[Gustav Hergsell]]</p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.I.6.2º.1)|Augsburg Transcription]] (1561){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.I.6.2º.1)}}</p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.I.6.2º.1)|Augsburg Version]] (1561){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.I.6.2º.1)}}</p>
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-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS XIX.17-3)|Archetype Transcription]] (1446-1459){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS XIX.17-3)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS XIX.17-3)|Archetype]] (1446-1459){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS XIX.17-3)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 78.A.15)|Berlin Transcription]] (1450s){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 78.A.15)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 78.A.15)|Berlin Version]] (1450s){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 78.A.15)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
-! <p>[[Ambraser Codex (MS KK5342)|Vienna Transcription]] (1480-1500){{edit index|Ambraser Codex (MS KK5342)}}<br/>by [[Gustav Hergsell]]</p>
+! <p>[[Ambraser Codex (MS KK5342)|Vienna Version]] (1480-1500){{edit index|Ambraser Codex (MS KK5342)}}<br/>by [[Gustav Hergsell]]</p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.I.6.2º.1)|Augsburg Transcription]] (1561){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.I.6.2º.1)}}</p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.I.6.2º.1)|Augsburg Version]] (1561){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.I.6.2º.1)}}</p>
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-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS XIX.17-3)|Archetype Transcription]] (1446-1459){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS XIX.17-3)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS XIX.17-3)|Archetype]] (1446-1459){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS XIX.17-3)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 78.A.15)|Berlin Transcription]] (1450s){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 78.A.15)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 78.A.15)|Berlin Version]] (1450s){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 78.A.15)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
-! <p>[[Ambraser Codex (MS KK5342)|Vienna Transcription]] (1480-1500){{edit index|Ambraser Codex (MS KK5342)}}<br/>by [[Gustav Hergsell]]</p>
+! <p>[[Ambraser Codex (MS KK5342)|Vienna Version]] (1480-1500){{edit index|Ambraser Codex (MS KK5342)}}<br/>by [[Gustav Hergsell]]</p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.I.6.2º.1)|Augsburg Transcription]] (1561){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.I.6.2º.1)}}</p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.I.6.2º.1)|Augsburg Version]] (1561){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.I.6.2º.1)}}</p>
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-! <p>Images</p>
+! <p>Illustrations</p>
-! <p>{{rating|C}}<br/>by [[Jeffrey Hull]]</p>
+! <p>{{rating|B}}<br/>by [[Rebecca Garber]]</p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Thott.290.2º)|Archetype Transcription]] (1459){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Thott.290.2º)}}<br/>by [[Dieter Bachmann]]</p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Thott.290.2º)|Archetype]] (1459){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Thott.290.2º)}}<br/>by [[Dieter Bachmann]]</p>
 |-
 |
-| <p>'''Conclusion of hewing:'''<ref>Preceded by a version of the Recital.</ref></p>
+| <p>[1]<ref>The manuscript is missing three pages prior to the current first page, preceding the Recital</ref> '''Conclusion of the strike'''<ref>Preceded by a version of the Recital.</ref></p>
-<p>Would that your fighting be lucky –<br/>Then be lively, withhold not long the play.<br/>The dandy laugh at that<br/>While the earnest make –<br/>They trust in the sword.<br/>As the Talhoffer does teach:<br/>In the sword you shall have trust and belief,<br/>So that blood runs not over the eyes, etc.</p>
+<p>If you want to be happy in your fighting<br/>Be lively, do not maintain<ref>''Verhalten'' has multiple meanings, including “to lurk”, “wait for”, and “to hold fast to, maintain something”.</ref> the plays for long,<br/>In addition, laugh in a pretty way<br/>And be serious [about serious things]<br/>The trust in the sword,<br/>Which Talhoffer teaches<br/>You should neither trust nor believe anyone in the sword<br/>So that your blood does not run over your eyes.</p>
 | {{section|Page:MS Thott.290.2º 001v.jpg|1|lbl=1v}}
 |-
 |
-| <p>Thus here is the key to Rightful Art, according to all the masters, the sundry hands of converging ways; which is also consigned to memory; and which is the right grounding:</p>
+| <p>[2] Item: The palace of the correct art, according to which it is also easy to understand, as the masters divided it from nearby paths, because this is the correct foundation.</p>
 | {{section|Page:MS Thott.290.2º 001v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 |-
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-| <p>Thus firstly, when you will fight in earnest with someone, then look out for how you and he agree what hour thereafter; thus by all means you act according to pressing need; and keep that to yourself and tell nobody what you have in mind or would do, since the World is so false. And by all means, the gauntlets serve to your vantage; sword and gambeson and leggings and whatever you will that is customary; yet mark how you and he agree upon that – and so then abide by it. Even if the sword has no other right, then it has that which is one’s own and free will. Thus when you come within the barriers and will begin / attack, then let any foe say and do what he will; and cower not within yourself; and have the earnest in mind; and whatever he says unto you, do not react to it; and fight earnestly for yourself thusly; and let him have no rest and become no threat; and follow the art, thus fear not his strikes; and would he draw you into meetings of the blades, then counterstrike merrily.</p>
+| <p>[3] Item: Regarding the first. Whenever you seriously want to fight with someone, then observe how you arrange [a meeting] with him and at which hour. Afterward, equip yourself with everything according to need, and do this yourself in secret. And tell no one what you have in mind, or would want to do, because the world is the false. And equip your gloves<ref>Or “gauntlets”</ref> according to your advantage with everything, sword and gambeson, hose, and whatever you then want to use. And consider, however, how you arrange [a meeting] with him, as it will remain thereby, because the sword has no rights otherwise, except that it is its own free will.</p>
 | {{section|Page:MS Thott.290.2º 001v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 |-
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-| <p>Thereupon speaks Hans Talhoffer: The good man must speak up for the truth – even when it seems obvious and happens often, etc.</p>
+| <p>Item: when you enter into the barriers<ref>''Schranken/Schränken'' means to close off a space by blocking entry and/or exit. Lexer lists one possibility as specifically relating to tournaments [''turnieren''].</ref> [at the field of combat] and want to begin, then let everyone say and do whatever he would want. And do not look behind you, and remain earnest in mind, and whatever he says to you, do not engage with it. And fight seriously there for yourself, and allow him no rest, and trust and follow the art. Do not fear his blows, and if he seriously wants to approach you, then pull the strikes from him so that any strike joyfully gainsays that </p>
 | {{section|Page:MS Thott.290.2º 001v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
+|-
+|
+| <p>[4] Hans Talhoffer, the good man, he must affirm the truth of that, because it has also happened to him likewise frequently and often.</p>
+| {{section|Page:MS Thott.290.2º 001v.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
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-! <p>Images</p>
+! <p>Illustrations</p>
-! <p>{{rating|C}}<br/>by [[Jeffrey Hull]]</p>
+! <p>{{rating|B}}<br/>by [[Rebecca Garber]]</p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Thott.290.2º)|Archetype Transcription]] (1459){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Thott.290.2º)}}<br/>by [[Dieter Bachmann]]</p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Thott.290.2º)|Archetype]] (1459){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Thott.290.2º)}}<br/>by [[Dieter Bachmann]]</p>
 |-
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-| <p>{{red|b=1|Here finds one written of judicial combat}}</p>
+| <p>[1] {{red|b=1|Here one finds writing about fights.}}</p>
-<p>Thus what now be decreed as forbidden of all combatants. So by and by, it has become the custom of kaisers and kings, princes and lords, to whom one likens himself and emulates, that one is obliged to fight, especially regarding several causes and articles which are written down hereafter.</p>
+<p>Item: Even though it now is the case, that the decretals forbid fights, yet the custom established [in the past] by emperors and kings, princes and lords, [was] to grant and allow fights, and additionally to offer the same protection, and, as is subsequently written here, particularly about several topics and subjects.
+</p>
 | {{section|Page:MS Thott.290.2º 008r.jpg|1|lbl=8r}}
 |-
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-| <p>{{red|Yet firstly this – Nobody is happy when one of his comrades cuts him up with loud words. He who would have at dueling with such a comrade, indeed he is within his rights and may well-fight him if he would. Thus dueling is wantonness.}}</p>
+| <p>[2] {{red|Item: Regarding the first point: that no one likes to have his honor loudly cut short with words by someone who is his associate. He would rather fight with him, even though he could justifiably walk away from him if he wanted, and therefore fighting is [an act of] free will<ref>''Muotwille'' is the drive to carry something out, which can equally have positive or negative roots, justifications, outcomes. According to Lever and Grimm, in the case of legal writing only, ''mutwille'' is represented as “the opposite of that which is demanded by law”.</ref> [that is legally unjustified].}}</p>
 | {{section|Page:MS Thott.290.2º 008r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 |-
 |
-| <p>{{red|b=1|Now those aforesaid causes and articles are seven, wherefor a man has duty to fight:}}</p>
+| <p>[3] {{red|b=1|Item: There are seven topics and subjects for which one is still obligated to fight.}}</p>
-* {{red|Thus the first is murder. }}
+* {{red|Item: the first is murder.}}<ref>''Mort'' = murder = premeditated killing in secret in ENHG, as listed in Grimm. However, there is also influence from the French ''morte'', which simply means to kill (without the association with murder).</ref>
-* {{red|The second is treason. }}
+* {{red|The second is betrayal.}}<ref>Or “treachery”.</ref>
-* {{red|The third is heresy. }}
+* {{red|The third is heresy.}}
-* {{red|The fourth is becoming an urger of disloyalty to one’s lord. }}
+* {{red|The fourth, whoever becomes unfaithful to his lord.}}
-* {{red|The fifth is betrayal in strife or otherwise. }}
+* {{red|The fifth, embracing strife or the like.}}
-* {{red|The sixth is falsehood. }}
+* {{red|The sixth, false representations.}}
-* {{red|The seventh is using either a maiden or lady.}}
+* {{red|The seventh, whoever treats a virgin or woman violently.}}
 | {{section|Page:MS Thott.290.2º 008r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 |-
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-| <p>That is why one man challenges another to duel. Such a man shall come before court and shall lay down his case through his own advocacy. Therefor he who accuses shall name the man by baptized name and surname. At the appointed hour it is right that he who calls for the tribunal also complains to three tribunes after the accused comes – unless either one comes not and answers for himself. Yet nobody of one’s ilk may do so, for truly one may answer better for himself. Then the accuser proves his need be just and right. So shall the man under accusation, as much as his accuser, comprehend and likewise this helps the land. Only after all the testimony is done shall verdict be rendered.</p>
+| <p>[4] Item: If one man formally challenges the other to single combat,<ref>''Kämplich ansprechen'' = ''die förmliche Herausforderung zum Zweikampfe'' according to Lexer, which includes the “''provocatio ad certamen''” (challenge to combat) according to Grimm. This is not mere insult. This is a formal declaration.</ref> he should come before the court and should submit his cause through his legal representative, as to why he then brings a suit against him, and should name the man with Christian<Ref>Lit. “baptismal”.</ref> name and surname. Then it is correct, that he [the accuser] summons him [the accused] before the court and accuses him three times at three courts<ref>This is not three different locations, but three successive meetings of the same court.</ref> in succession. If he does not come and no one responds on his behalf, then he himself can no longer respond from that point onward, unless he proves legitimate necessity, according to the law. Then one should announce the judgment about him, to the same extent that the legal summons has been expressed in words<ref>Or “writing”.</ref> within the country. Depending on where and when the accusation was submitted, the judgment should also be carried out there.</p>
 |
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-| <p>Thus he who was challenged, he comes singularly before the three tribunes to respond and gainsay. Therefor the man who was challenged, he speaks thus that he be blameless and he repeats that the accusations be not true and thereover he would honour with struggle upon that knowledge, as then be right for and required by the land wherein this be and so thereupon is dealt his training-time. So he is dealt six weeks and four days from this tribunal for his training time. Thereupon is also dealt that the men shall struggle as is customary and right in the land.</p>
+| <p>[5] Item: Whoever has been formally challenged to single combat at the three courts, and comes at any time to respond, and disavows that about which the [other] one has challenged him, and he states “he is thus innocent of that”, and the [accuser] says to him, “that is not true”, and he wants to assert that again with combat and prove that on himself, according to the law in the country in which this occurs, and demands, in addition to the judgment, his training time.<ref>''Lehrtage'' is a specific period of time prior to a single combat. Grimm: LEHRTAGE, ''m. plur. lehrzeit, lernzeit: (man soll)'' jhm sein lehrtag zum kampf zugeben, ... nemlich sechs wochen und drei tag. ''kolbenrecht bei'' Schottel 1238.</ref> Then he is granted six weeks as his training time, and four days are also granted to him by the court, on which days they are to fight as is the custom and law in the country.</p>
 | {{section|Page:MS Thott.290.2º 008v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
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-| <p>Thus the two men pledge willingly to go before court and struggle against each other – each also with about six weeks of trainingtime in peace, during which either or both are banished if someone breaks peace – thus not until when it is agreed upon as right by the judge.</p>
+| <p>[6] Item: If two men randomly promise to fight against one another before the court, then one also gives them six weeks of training time and both are commanded to keep the peace, and whichever among them breaks the peace, he is condemned without the combat, as is correct.</p>
 | {{section|Page:MS Thott.290.2º 008v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 |-
 |
-| <p>{{red|b=1|How one may lawfully meet the other.}}</p>
+| <p>[7] {{red|b=1|How one can legally withdraw from [fighting with] the other.}}</p>
-<p>Thus is one man challenged to fight by another man. The man said to be not as good by the other – he may with right meet that other, if he will. Or if a man would be said or become spurious, then he may instead disregard the duel. Thus indeed the noble challenge the craven to dueling – so may the craven not well disregard that.</p>
+<p>Item: If a man is formally challenged to single combat by one, who is not as good as he [the challenged] is, he can legally withdraw from [fighting with] him if he wants, or if one man were said to be legally deprived of rights,<ref>I.e. has been called/labeled illegitimate, unauthentic, has lost legal rights derived from legal birth or marriage.</ref> or has become legally deprived of rights, one may also withdraw from the fight with him.
+</p>
 | {{section|Page:MS Thott.290.2º 008v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 |-
 |
-| <p>{{red|b=1|Thus why indeed two men may not combat one another; though whichever among them, of the two, may well want to meet the other:}}</p>
+| <p>[8] Item: However, if the nobler formally challenges the lesser to single combat, then the lesser cannot withdraw.</p>
+| {{section|Page:MS Thott.290.2º 008v.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
-<p>Thus these two men are intent ''to duel'' – except they who are within five places of kinship, they may not rectify with one another by dueling; which seven men must swear, who may be of either the paternal or maternal half ''of either man’s family''.</p>
+|-
+|
+| <p>[9] {{red|b=1|Item: How it is possible that two men may not fight with one another, and whichever one of the two wants to, can withdraw from [fighting with] the other.}}</p>
+<p>Item: If two men are related to one another up to the fifth degree of kinship or closer, they may not legally fight with one another. and seven men must swear to this who are blood relatives on the fathers’ and mothers’ sides.</p>
 | {{section|Page:MS Thott.290.2º 009r.jpg|1|lbl=9r}}
 |-
 |
-| <p>{{red|b=1|Thus how one or the other may disregard the duel, if he has such a handicap as written and stated here:}}</p>
+| <p>[10] {{red|b=1|Item: How it is possible that one can be relieved from combat with another with appropriate conduct such as is described here.}}</p>
-<p>Thus if a lame man, or one who has bad eyes, becomes challenged to duel. ''Yet if'' he may well-manage somehow to meet the sound one, it be then the wise decree to make this person on par with ''the other''; and that wise decree must be done upon their oath; ''such that'' just as well the lamed or poorly sighted man thus may well win instead of the ''other'' one in any duel of theirs.</p>
+<p>Item: If a lame man, or one, who has bad eyes, and is formally challenged to single combat, he can naturally acquire aid for himself with that, and withdraw from the healthy one. Unless wise people make this equal according to the persons, and wise people must do this according to their oath, and thus make them equal. It can also be [the case that] the lame man or the one with the bad eyes wants another to prevail in their place, who would fight for that one.</p>
 | {{section|Page:MS Thott.290.2º 009r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 |-
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-| <p>When thus the six weeks are past and the last day is come, then the judge has summoned them, whereupon shall be combat. So shall they both come before the judge with such training and in such respect as the customs and law teach in the land wherein the duel shall be; or accordingly as they have ''otherwise'' willingly agreed and so forth.</p>
+| <p>[11] Item: When the six weeks are thus up and the last day has arrived, on which the judge has decided that they should fight, then the two should come before the judge with such a display of honor<ref>''Ertzögen'': possibilities from Lexer: 1) could be the participial form from ''erziehen'' [Lexer] drawing a sword specifically upward, or raising/training humans and animals. 2) ''erzöugen'' = to show/demonstrate. 3) ''er zöugen'' = ''ehre zeigen'' to display honor. Possibilities from Grimm: 4) ''erziehen'' = to raise a sword, to swing a sword or axe, to educate, bring up, train up, to lift up.</ref> and in such a spirit<ref>Or “mood”.</ref>as custom and law teaches in the country in which they are to fight, or according to which they have confirmed through free will with one another.</p>
 | {{section|Page:MS Thott.290.2º 009r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 |-
 |
-| <p>Thus so there, the complainant shall swear that he therefor has cause ''for fighting the other''; and that he has deemed the other man guilty. And then shall ''the judge'' assign a ring and “grit-wardens” and verdict; and counsel wise decrees according to the customs of the land; whereupon the day in the ring arrives ''for'' the verdict. One erring man vanquished as honour demands; which he shall take as proof and as rightful / lawful.</p>
+| <p>[12] Item: Then, the plaintiff should swear there, that he makes the accusation about the subject about which he challenged the other man, and then one should make a ring, and [find] judges<ref>Or “overseers”.</ref> for the legal single combat, to render judgement according to the advice of wise people and the customs of the country, and whoever does not appear in the ring on that day, that one is judged [to be] without victory [and] in error, unless [there is] legitimate necessity, which he shall prove according to the law.</p>
 |
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@@ Line 3,711: / Line 3,845: @@
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-| <p>{{red|b=1|Here is stated how one shall hold oneself when the combatants are come into the ring upon the ''appointed'' hour, at which time one thus shall duel ''the other'' adversarily:}}</p>
+| <p>[13] {{red|b=1|Here it is written how one should hold one’s self, when the fighters have entered the ring at the hour and at the time [at which] one should fight as adversaries.}}</p>
-<p>{{red|W}}hen the combatants are thus come into the ring, then the judge of that hour shall stare at all ''there''; and advise that hiding is forbidden, by health and wealth; and that he shall not allow one or the other to be aided by someone else; thus shall each both do ''combat exclusively;'' so may the ''judge'' intimidate any rabble.</p>
+<p>{{red|b=1|W}}hen the fighters have thus entered the ring, Then the judge should strictly forbid all disruptions and coaching from that hour onward, under threat to body and property, and should not permit that one is not assisted or punished more than the other, and should make the two of them as equally impaired<ref>Or “injured”.</ref> as he can.</p>
 | {{section|Page:MS Thott.290.2º 009v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 |-
 |
-| <p>{{red|b=1|That which is lawful if one of the combatants flees out, or becomes driven out, of the ring:}}</p>
+| <p>[14] {{red|b=1|This is what would be legal, if one of the fighters would flee or be driven out of the ring.}}</p>
-<p>Thus whichever ''combatant'' comes out of the ring, before then the duel has its ''deadly'' ending, because he becomes knocked out of ''the ring'' by the other or he flees thereout, or however else he comes thereout; or he admits that the other man’s position regarding the cause for challenge is right – then shall that man be adjudged vanquished, or otherwise slain and killed; ''for another'' man has conquered him.</p>
+<p>Item: Whichever fighter exits the ring before the combat has an end, [whether] he is struck by the other or flees therefrom (or however he would exit therefrom), or whether he admits to the issue about which [the other] one had legally summoned him, that one should be judged to be without victory. Or whichever one slays and kills the other, that one has won. However, one should judge him according to the custom and law of the country about the issue regarding which they have fought with one another.</p>
 | {{section|Page:MS Thott.290.2º 009v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
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-| <p>Then a man shall rectify indeed as is lawful and customary in the land. And thereby they have battled one another.</p>
+|
-| {{section|Page:MS Thott.290.2º 009v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
+| <p>[A page is missing between 9 and 10.]</p>
 |-
 |
-| <p>{{red|b=1|Now mark this bond that ''you'' need to understand:}}<br/><br/></p>
+| <p>[15] {{red|b=1|Now take note of these points: it is imperative to understand [them].}}</p>
-<p>Thus firstly you should know well the master who will teach you; that his art be right and protective; and that he be pious / sober; and that he not embezzle you; and that he not shorten / beguile the lore; and that he wits to broaden the arsenal wherewith he will battle. However – should that master not accept ''that'', swearing upon his profits ingratiatingly and his prejudices devotedly and thus shall his ilk become masters because of him – then swear neither to further nor to teach his ''so-called'' art.</p>
+<p>Item the first: You should be well acquainted with the master who wants to teach you, that his art is correct and true, and that he is honorable<ref>''Vrum'' from Lexer includes pretty much all of the virtues of a knight: ''tüchtig'', ''brav'', ''ehrbar'', ''gut'', ''trefflich'', ''angesehn'', ''vornehm'', ''wacker'', ''tapfer'', that is, capable, virtuous, honorable, good, excellent, respected, genteel (well-bred), brave, and courageous.</ref> and does not treat you disloyally and does not abbreviate<ref>Or “abridge”.</ref> in teaching you, and knows to prepare the weapons with which he wants to fight.</p>
 | {{section|Page:MS Thott.290.2º 010r.jpg|1|lbl=10r}}
 |-
 |
-| <p>{{red|b=1|Here heed the master:}}</p>
+| <p>[16] He should also not accept the master,<br/>[unless] he then swears to him to strive for his honor<br/>and to turn away from his evil.<br/>He should in turn swear the same to the master<br/>not to teach his art to others.</p>
-<p>Thus the master, who ''has'' a student to teach, he shall wit that he recognise well the man whom he will teach; whether he be weak or strong and if he be coxcombraging or gentle-minded; whether he has good breathing / endurance or not; and whether he may work heartily. So when you ''the master'' have well-recognised him as into the lore and what work he is able to do, thereafter you must teach ''the student'' such that it avails him against his foes. Yet the combatant and the master shall guard that they let no man see them nor also the arsenal with which they work. And they both ''shall'' guard ''their doings'' from much of society; and say little of the fighting, so that no notice is made thereof.</p>
 | {{section|Page:MS Thott.290.2º 010r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 |-
 |
-| <p>{{red|b=1|About patronage:}}</p>
+| <p>[16] {{red|b=1|Here [is a] note to the master.}}</p>
-<p>How the combatant and the master want to relate: Remit the fee and reciprocate. What be his nature? If he be strong or weak, if yet he be coxcomb-raging or not; and how his top heats up if someone would quarrel or fight. It is also needful to wit by the master who teaches him: That the man strives to set himself aright.</p>
+<p>Item: The master, who has a subordinate<ref>I.e. student.</ref> to teach, he should know that he is well acquainted with the man whom he wants to teach, whether he is weak or strong, and whether he is quickly angry or gentle, also whether he has good breathing or not, also whether he can work at length, and when you have become well acquainted with him in teaching, and [know] what work he is capable of, then afterward, you must teach him that which is useful for him against his enemy. Also, the fighter and the master should guard themselves, that they allow no one to see [them] and particularly the weapons with which they work. And the two should guard from a lot of socializing and say little about the fight, so that no discovery is made about that.</p>
 | {{section|Page:MS Thott.290.2º 010r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 |-
 |
-| <p>{{red|b=1|When now ''the combatant'' is taught and shall go within the barriers:}}</p>
+| <p>[17] {{red|b=1|About scouting.}}<ref>Literally “information-gathering”.</ref></p>
+<p>How the fighter and the master can have knowledge regarding their opponent, what his character is, whether he is strong or weak, whether he is also quickly angry or not, and what his baptismal name is, whether one could predict or calculate from that.<ref>Probably onomancy based on his baptismal name (which is included in an earlier manuscript Talhoffer owned) and/or astrology based on his date of baptism.</ref> It is also necessary to know, what master is teaching him, so that one can direct oneself accordingly.</p>
+| {{section|Page:MS Thott.290.2º 010r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
+|-
+|
+| <p>[18] {{red|b=1|When he is now taught and should enter into the barriers.}}<ref>''Schränken'' are the barriers used to form the ring/square/space for combat.</ref></p>
-<p>So firstly, when he shall fight, accordingly shall he hear a priest say mass, in honour of Our Lady ''Mary'' and of Saint George ''patron of knights'', and the priest shall bless him in the name of Saint John of the gospel, with which the combatant agrees. Thereafter the master shall try earnestly to advise ''the combatant one last time''; whereupon ''the combatant'' shall stay; and shall fathom nothing, yet focus upon his foe and earnestly look at him.</p>
+<p>Firstly, he should then confess.<ref>This is a religious confession to a priest, in case he dies.</ref> Afterward, a priest should read him a Mass about Our Lady and Saint George, and then the priest should bless Saint John’s wine<ref>St. John the Apostle was known for blessing a poisoned cup of wine, where the poison left in the form of a snake. ''Johannesminne'' or ''Johanneswein'' became customary throughout Germany in the 12th c. Numerous examples are found in: Hanns Bächtold-Stäubli: ''Handwörterbuch des deutschen Aberglaubens'', Bd. 4, Berlin 1932, Sp. 745–760.</ref> to him and give [it] to the fighter. Afterward, the master should seriously examine him, and instruct him as to where he should remain,<ref>I.e. within the boundaries of the combat ring.</ref> and [he] should pay attention to nothing except for his enemy and [should] view him seriously.</p>
 |
-{{section|Page:MS Thott.290.2º 010r.jpg|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Thott.290.2º 010v.jpg|1|lbl=10v|p=1}}
+{{section|Page:MS Thott.290.2º 010r.jpg|5|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Thott.290.2º 010v.jpg|1|lbl=10v|p=1}}
 |-
 |
-| <p>{{red|b=1|Mark the presentation}} when one thus comes within the barriers:</p>
+| <p>[19] {{red|b=1|Note regarding the entry.}}</p>
-<p>So shall he make one cross with the right foot and one ''cross'' with the right hand at his breast and shall sign in the name of the Father and Son and the Holy Ghost. The grit-wardens ''bearing staves or spears'' take the men in and present them and they turn round in the Sun. So then shall ''each'' combatant bid ''well'' the ''witnessing'' princes and lords; and they stand around the circle, as each bids God would help him and would give him victory over his foe, as He has truth and right.</p>
+<p>Item: When the man enters the barriers, then he should make a cross with the right foot and one with the hand at the breast, and should proceed in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost. Then the judges of the single combat are to take him and are to guide or direct him around [the ring] counter to the direction of the sun.<Ref>The sun travels clockwise.</ref> Then, the fighter should ask the princes and lords and those standing around the circle that they would help him to ask God that He would grant him the victory against his enemy, as he has truth and law [on his side].</p>
 | {{section|Page:MS Thott.290.2º 010v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 |-
 |
-| <p>{{red|b=1|Thereafter shall one sit down in the chair:}}</p>
+| <p>[20] {{red|b=1|Afterward, one should set himself in the seat.}}<ref>Sessel usually refers to a seat of honor, generally a chair with a back and arms.</ref></p>
-<p>When he is now seated, so shall someone overspan him with a tent, and his bier ''is'' behind him at the barriers, and his arsenal is well-arrayed and is lawful and ready for ''his'' needs / as required by court.</p>
+<p>
+When he is now seated, then one should set up<ref>Or “extend”.</ref> a cloth in front of him and his litter<ref>A ''Bahre'' is a horizontal means of carrying something, and may refer to both a ''Tragbahre'', a litter for the injured, and also a ''Totenbahre'', a litter for the dead. “Bier”, which is a cognate, has a narrower definition than the original.</ref> behind him at the barriers, and his weapons are well hung and organized according to need.</p>
 | {{section|Page:MS Thott.290.2º 010v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 |-
 |
-| <p>{{red|b=1|The grit-wardens or armigers:}}</p>
+| <p>[21] {{red|b=1|The judges of the single combat or overseers.}}</p>
-<p>The master and grit-wardens should heed the judge, or whomever else then ''as agreed previously''. Dueling is started at the first call – so shall he ''the judge'' call the ''combatants'' to stand up and draw up from the tents; and when he has called for the third time, calling them ''by name'', then he goes thence and commends them unto God.</p>
+<p>The master and the judges of the single combat should pay attention to the executioner or to that one who will start the combat. When he calls for the first time, then he should command the man to stand up and pull the cloth away from himself, and when one calls for the third time, then he should command him to go there and commend him to God.</p>
 | {{section|Page:MS Thott.290.2º 010v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 |-
 |
-| <p>{{red|b=1|Of the aftermath ''states the'' judge:}}</p>
+| <p>[22] {{red|b=1|About the executioner.}}</p>
-<p>Thus the combatant shall ward his body as avails him, within the ring or barriers; and then go out when he overcomes. So states the judge the aftermath at the barriers – that ''the combatant'' has proven ''himself'' ever-so right, if he becomes called ''the winner''.</p>
+<p>Item: the fighter should observe,<ref>Or “keep in mind”.</ref>that at no time does his body move past the ring or the barriers, because whatever would extend past that, the executioner is standing at the barriers, he cuts it off with legal right, if he has been called upon [to do that].</p>
-<p>'''x {{red|Talhoffer}}'''</p>
+<p>'''X {{red|Talhoffer}}'''</p>
 | {{section|Page:MS Thott.290.2º 010v.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
 |-
 | rowspan="2" | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 011r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>{{red|He “inscribes” a message within a knotted twine}}</p>
+| <p>[23] {{red|b=1|He writes on a knotted thread/string.}}</p>
 | {{section|Page:MS Thott.290.2º 011r.jpg|1|lbl=11r}}
 |-
-| <p>{{red|He records the words of the mouth upon paper and those shall become black later.}}</p>
+| <p>[24] {{red|b=1|He writes [the words] from his mouth and becomes black.}}</p>
 | {{section|Page:MS Thott.290.2º 011r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 |-
 | class="noline" | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 011v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| class="noline" |
+| class="noline" | <p>[25]</p>
 | class="noline" | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|011v|jpg|blk=1}}
@@ Line 3,810: / Line 3,950: @@
 {| class="master"
 |-
-! <p>Images</p>
+! <p>Illustrations</p>
-! <p>{{rating|C}}<br/>by [[Jeffrey Hull]]</p>
+! <p>{{rating|B}}<br/>by [[Rebecca Garber]]</p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Thott.290.2º)|Archetype Transcription]] (1459){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Thott.290.2º)}}<br/>by [[Dieter Bachmann]]</p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Thott.290.2º)|Archetype]] (1459){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Thott.290.2º)}}<br/>by [[Dieter Bachmann]]</p>
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 049r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[1] Thus rushing-wrestling ''by gripping'' the outer arms.</p>
+| <p>[1] Item: Approach to wrestling from the arms.</p>
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|049r|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 049v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[2] Thus arm-breaking and throwing over the shank.</p>
+| <p>[2] Item: The<ref>General note for verbs: verbal noun phrases (das + verb), will be translated as “the [action]”, not as gerunds.</ref> arm-break and [the] throw over the leg.<ref>''Schenckel'' can specifically indicate the thigh/upper leg (its precise meaning), or simply the leg.</ref></p>
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|049v|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 050r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[3] Thus bear-clinching.</p>
+| <p>[3] Item: The peasant’s hold.</p>
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|050r|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 050v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[4] Thus tugging out of that ''bear-clinch'' and throwing ''foe'' foreward ''upon'' the elbows. </p>
+| <p>[4] Item: The pull-up and throw in front of the elbow.</p>
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|050v|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 051r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[5] Thus going through ''to throw''.</p>
+| <p>[5] Item: The pass through.</p>
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|051r|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 051v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[6] Thus the counter for that going-through.</p>
+| <p>[6] Item: The counter against the pass through.</p>
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|051v|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 052r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[7] Thus seizing ''the foe'' by ''his'' wambeson.</p>
+| <p>[7] Item: The hold by the gambeson.<ref>This is specifically the piece of defensive clothing that covers the buttocks. The picture shows a short, sleeve-less piece of clothing, like a jerkin, while the word refers to the longer piece of clothing, the gambeson.</ref></p>
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|052r|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 052v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[8] The counter for that seizing of the wambeson.</p>
+| <p>[8] The counter against the hold by the gambeson.</p>
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|052v|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 053r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[9] The play over ''foe's'' arm and foot.</p>
+| <p>[9] The play over the arm and in at the foot.</p>
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|053r|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 053v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[10] Throwing over the hip.</p>
+| <p>[10] The throw over the hip.</p>
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|053v|jpg}}
@@ Line 3,871: / Line 4,011: @@
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 054v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[12] The hinter-treading.</p>
+| <p>[12] The step behind.</p>
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|054v|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 055r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[13] The arm-break over the shoulder.</p>
+| <p>[13] The arm break over the shoulder.</p>
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|055r|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 055v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[14] Yet another hinter-treading.</p>
+| <p>[14] Push down at the step behind.</p>
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|055v|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 056r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[15] The shoulder-breaking.</p>
+| <p>[15] The shoulder-break.<ref>This could potentially be a dislocation of the shoulder.</ref></p>
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|056r|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 056v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[16] The throat-strangling.</p>
+| <p>[16] The neck<ref>''Hals'' refers to the soft parts of the neck.</ref>-throttle.<ref>Or “strangle”.</ref></p>
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|056v|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 057r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[17] Trying to go through or to hinter-tread.</p>
+| <p>[17]The attempt to pass through or step behind.</p>
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|057r|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 057v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[18] The boys-wrestling / knaves-wrestling ''done by rolling under and throwing foe'' overhead.</p>
+| <p>[18] The servant’s<ref>''Bube'' is both a male child, a servant, squire, an undisciplined man, or a professional dice player. Multiple references to ''Buben'' and dice (''Würfel'') in the literature make this a likely pun. Lexer: ''Buobe, der würfel machet buoben vil'' Ls. 3. 231,15. 480,116; Mart. 56, 91. 73,1. 206,85. Pass. K. 161,41. Marlg. 222, 296. 362,75.</ref> throw over the head etc.</p>
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|057v|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 058r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[19] Attack and counter. / Play and break.</p>
+| <p>[19] Play and counter.</p>
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|058r|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 058v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[20] The neck-clinching.</p>
+| <p>[20] The neck-hold.</p>
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|058v|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 059r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[21] The inverted throw.</p>
+| <p>[21] The reversed throw.</p>
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|059r|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 059v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[22] Getting away from foe.</p>
+| <p>[22] To get away from the man.</p>
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|059v|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 060r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[23] The locking-clinch.</p>
+| <p>[23] The securing<ref>Or “encompassing”.</ref> hold.</p>
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|060r|jpg}}
 |-
 | class="noline" | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 060v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| class="noline" | <p>[24] The counter for ''foe's'' heaving ''of you is found'' behind oneself ''by grabbing foe’s hair to break his hold''.</p>
+| class="noline" | <p>[24] [Grab] behind one’s self, the counter for the lifting.</p>
 | class="noline" | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|060v|jpg}}
@@ Line 3,943: / Line 4,083: @@
 {| class="master"
 |-
-! <p>Images</p>
+! <p>Illustrations</p>
-! <p>{{rating|C}}<br/>Open for editing</p>
+! <p>{{rating|B}}<br/>by [[Rebecca Garber]]</p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Thott.290.2º)|Archetype Transcription]] (1459){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Thott.290.2º)}}<br/>by [[Dieter Bachmann]]</p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Thott.290.2º)|Archetype]] (1459){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Thott.290.2º)}}<br/>by [[Dieter Bachmann]]</p>
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 061r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[1] For the upper stab, with the left arm.</p>
+| <p>[1] For the thrust from above, using the left arm.</p>
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|061r|jpg}}
@@ Line 3,959: / Line 4,099: @@
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 062r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[3] The inverted throwing.</p>
+| <p>[3] The reversed throw.</p>
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|062r|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 062v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[4] To throw the opponent with the dagger.</p>
+| <p>[4] To throw the man using the dagger.</p>
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|062v|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 063r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[5] Resist the lower stab and break the arm.</p>
+| <p>[5] To defend against the thrust from below and to break the arm.</p>
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|063r|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 063v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[6] To throw the opponent forward.</p>
+| <p>[6] To throw the man forward.</p>
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|063v|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 064r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[7] One taking the dagger with his dagger.</p>
+| <p>[7] To take the dagger from someone using his dagger.</p>
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|064r|jpg}}
@@ Line 3,994: / Line 4,134: @@
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 065v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[10] Throwing the opponent with force.</p>
+| <p>[10] To throw the man using force.<ref>Or “violence”.</ref></p>
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|065v|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 066r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[11] Throwing before and shooting through, pull toward yourself.</p>
+| <p>[11] To throw forward and to shoot through; pull towards yourself.</p>
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|066r|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 066v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[12] The catching.</p>
+| <p>[12] The catch.</p>
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|066v|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 067r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[13] The counter against it.</p>
+| <p>[13] The counter against that.</p>
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|067r|jpg}}
@@ Line 4,019: / Line 4,159: @@
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 068r.png|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[15] The counter and death-stab.</p>
+| <p>[15] The counter and killing thrust.</p>
-| {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|068r|jpg}}
+| {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|068r|png}}
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 068v.png|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[16] The lower counter and heart-stab.</p>
+| <p>[16] The lower counter and thrust to the heart.</p>
-| {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|068v|jpg}}
+| {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|068v|png}}
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 069r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[17] The woven-stab and counter for it.</p>
+| <p>[17] The bobbing<ref>Or “swaying”, “rocking”; ''Waben'' is related to honeycomb and bees, and to the back-and-forth, up-and-down movement of water. Even the relationship to ''wëben'' is through bees and honeycomb, not weaving, which has different roots to get to ''weben''.</ref> thrust and the counter for that.</p>
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|069r|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 069v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[18] Technique is completed.</p>
+| <p>[18] Play is completed.</p>
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|069v|jpg}}
@@ Line 4,044: / Line 4,184: @@
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 070v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[21] The murder-stab.</p>
+| <p>[21] The violent killing<ref>MHG ''mort/mord'' was another form of “dead”, loaned/borrowed from French ''morte''. However, in ENHG, it does have a more violent aspect than ''tot''. It is not until modern German that ''Mord'' picks up the sense of “murder”.</ref> thrust.</p>
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|070v|jpg}}
 |-
 | class="noline" | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 071r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| class="noline" | <p>[22] The finishing technique.</p>
+| class="noline" | <p>[22] The final play.</p>
 | class="noline" | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|071r|jpg}}
@@ Line 4,061: / Line 4,201: @@
 {| class="master"
 |-
-! <p>Images</p>
+! <p>Illustrations</p>
-! <p>{{rating|C}}<br/>by [[Jeffrey Hull]]</p>
+! <p>{{rating|B}}<br/>by [[Rebecca Garber]]</p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Thott.290.2º)|Archetype Transcription]] (1459){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Thott.290.2º)}}<br/>by [[Dieter Bachmann]]</p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Thott.290.2º)|Archetype]] (1459){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Thott.290.2º)}}<br/>by [[Dieter Bachmann]]</p>
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 071v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[1] Foresetting the ''pollaxe'' strike and stop-thrusting ''with pollaxe to the'' heart.</p>
+| <p>[1] Counteract the blow and thrust away [at the] heart.</p>
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|071v|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 072r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[2] Foresetting foe’s thrust and thrusting to the foe.</p>
+| <p>[2] Counteract the thrust and thrust at him mortally.<ref>''Erstechen'' implies a mortal wound, beyond the mere thrust of ''stechen''.</ref></p>
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|072r|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 072v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[3] The break and throw.</p>
+| <p>[3] The counter and throw.</p>
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|072v|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 073r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[4] The neck-wrenching.</p>
+| <p>[4] The neck<ref>''Hals'' here indicates the back of the neck/shoulder.</ref>-yank.<ref>Or “tear”.</ref></p>
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|073r|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 073v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[5] The needed stance countering the strike.</p>
+| <p>[5] The combative stance<ref>The earlier meaning of ''nôt'' is to be threatened, hemmed in, imperiled; however, it can also be used as a replacement for the term battle/combat, as that state already implies peril and threat. ''Nothstand'' is a later compound, and is both a predicament/peril/threat, and a state of being under predicament/peril/threat. Interestingly, it is also used in the north in a very narrow meaning for the horizontal crosspiece that stands behind a dyke gate (''Balkensiel'' as opposed to a culvert) that prevents the gate from opening.</ref> in front of the blow.<ref>Or “The combative stance prior to the blow”.</ref></p>
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|073v|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 074r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[6] The play achieved.</p>
+| <p>[6] Play completed.</p>
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|074r|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 074v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[7] Catching the armament.</p>
+| <p>[7] Catch the weapon.</p>
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|074v|jpg}}
@@ Line 4,184: / Line 4,324: @@
 {| class="master"
 |-
-! <p>Images</p>
+! <p>Illustrations</p>
-! <p>{{rating|C}}<br/>by [[Jeffrey Hull]]</p>
+! <p>{{rating|B}}<br/>by [[Rebecca Garber]]</p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Thott.290.2º)|Archetype Transcription]] (1459){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Thott.290.2º)}}<br/>by [[Dieter Bachmann]]</p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Thott.290.2º)|Archetype]] (1459){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Thott.290.2º)}}<br/>by [[Dieter Bachmann]]</p>
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 075r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[1] With the sword one counters the strike with the spear ''by trapping and hewing''.</p>
+| <p>[1] Using the sword in front of the strike using the spear.</p>
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|075r|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 075v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[2] The woven thrust ''done by half-swording.''</p>
+| <p>[2] The woven thrust.</p>
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|075v|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 076r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[3] The over-hew countering the thrust ''by spear''.</p>
+| <p>[3] The cut from above in front of the thrust.<ref>Or “The cut from above forward of the thrust”.</ref></p>
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|076r|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 076v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[4] The ending play with the longsword countering the halberd ''by avoiding its over-hew while treading and crumple-hewing''.</p>
+| <p>[4] The final play using the sword in front of the halberd.</p>
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|076v|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 077r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[5] ''The unarmed'' one blinds the other ''by throwing his hat'' at the head and thereby he throws ''his dagger'' into the body.</p>
+| <p>[5] The blinding at the head, thereby the throw ''into the body''.</p>
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|077r|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 077v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[6] The ending play with the ''bastard-sword'' countering the halberd.</p>
+| <p>[6] The final play using the Messer in front of the halberd.</p>
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|077v|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 078r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[7] The foresetting of the ''ready-to-hurl'' spear.</p>
+| <p>[7] The counteraction against the spear.</p>
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|078r|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 078v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[8] The short-pike counters a long-spear with its shaft ''like one would do with a staff.''</p>
+| <p>[8] The pilgrim using his staff in front of a long spear.</p>
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|078v|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 079r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[9] The needed stance with the messer ''or bastard-sword''.</p>
+| <p>[9] The combative stance in Messer.</p>
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|079r|jpg}}
 |-
-| class="noline" | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 079v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
+| [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 079v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| class="noline" | <p>[10] …And the play whereby the hand ''of the foe'' is lost.</p>
+| <p>[10] The play ''where the hand is lost''.</p>
-| class="noline" | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|079v|jpg}}
+| {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|079v|jpg}}
+|-
+| class="noline" |
+| class="noline" |
+| class="noline" | [A page is missing between 79 and 80.]
 |}
@@ Line 4,247: / Line 4,392: @@
 {| class="master"
 |-
-! <p>Images</p>
+! <p>Illustrations</p>
-! <p>{{rating|C}}<br/>by [[Jeffrey Hull]]</p>
+! <p>{{rating|B}}<br/>by [[Rebecca Garber]]</p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Thott.290.2º)|Archetype Transcription]] (1459){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Thott.290.2º)}}<br/>by [[Dieter Bachmann]]</p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Thott.290.2º)|Archetype]] (1459){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Thott.290.2º)}}<br/>by [[Dieter Bachmann]]</p>
+|-
+|
+|
+| <p>[A page is missing between 79 and 80.]</p>
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 080r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[1] Here, ''in judicial duel of man and woman,'' he strikes at her foot and she hits his head.</p>
+| <p>[1] Here, he strikes at the foot ''and she hits the head''.</p>
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|080r|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 080v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[2] Here he has negated her strike and caught ''it around'' his arm.</p>
+| <p>[2] Here, he has disarmed her strike and caught the arm.</p>
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|080v|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 081r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[3] The grip at the throat.</p>
+| <p>[3] The grab at the neck.</p>
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|081r|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 081v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[4] Here she nods/neutralises the man.</p>
+| <p>[4] Here, she presses the man down.</p>
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|081v|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 082r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[5] The neck-breaking.</p>
+| <p>[5] The neck-break.</p>
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|082r|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 082v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[6] Here he makes an ending play.</p>
+| <p>[6] Here, he makes a final play.</p>
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|082v|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 083r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[7] Here she would hammer/deafen him, and ''here'' he be felling her.</p>
+| <p>[7] Here, she wants to subdue<ref>''Toben/täuben'': to force, tame, subdue, deafen, with an aspect of irrational fury.</ref> him and he sees her fall.</p>
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|083r|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 083v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[8] Here the woman drives an ending play.</p>
+| <p>[8] Here, the woman carries out a final play.</p>
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|083v|jpg}}
 |-
 | class="noline" | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 084r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| class="noline" | <p>[] Here ''they'' make an end ''of each other''.</p>
+| class="noline" | <p>[9] Here, he makes an end.</p>
 | class="noline" | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|084r|jpg}}
@@ Line 4,305: / Line 4,455: @@
 {| class="master"
 |-
-! <p>Images</p>
+! <p>Illustrations</p>
-! <p>{{rating|C}}<br/>by [[Jeffrey Hull]]</p>
+! <p>{{rating|B}}<br/>by [[Rebecca Garber]]</p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Thott.290.2º)|Archetype Transcription]] (1459){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Thott.290.2º)}}<br/>by [[Dieter Bachmann]]</p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Thott.290.2º)|Archetype]] (1459){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Thott.290.2º)}}<br/>by [[Dieter Bachmann]]</p>
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 084v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[1] The commencement of the ''armoured'' duel.</p>
+| <p>[1] The start of the fight.</p>
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|084v|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 085r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[2] Here both ''knights'' be sitting.</p>
+| <p>[2] Here, they both are sitting.</p>
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|085r|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 085v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[3] The stance countering the hurl ''of foe's spear''.</p>
+| <p>[3] The stance before the spear throw.</p>
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|085v|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 086r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[4] Here the ''first'' hurl is foreset.</p>
+| <p>[4] Here, the spear throw is counter acted.</p>
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|086r|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 086v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[5] …And here the second hurl ''is'' foreset.</p>
+| <p>[5] The second spear throw is counter acted.</p>
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|086v|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 087r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[6] The rushing ''with longswords'' after the ''spear''-hurls.</p>
+| <p>[6] The approach after the spear throw.</p>
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|087r|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 087v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[7] The morte-strike/murder-strike is foreset.</p>
+| <p>[7] The killing blow is counter acted.</p>
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|087v|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 088r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[8] The fire-poker/branding-iron, ''thus the half-sword.''</p>
+| <p>[8] The fire-scissors.<ref>Or “The fire (spark) protection”. ''Schiure, schûren: schützen, beshützen'', in connection with ''schirmen; schüren'': to stimulate, poke the fire to burn higher; ''scheuern, fegen'' = scouring away, sweep.</ref></p>
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|088r|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 088v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[9] The sword-taking ''from binding at fire-pokers.''</p>
+| <p>[9] Taking the sword.</p>
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|088v|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 089r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[10] Out of the morte-strike ''into'' the jugular-stab.</p>
+| <p>[10] From the killing blow [to] the throat jab.</p>
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|089r|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 089v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[11] The leaning.</p>
+| <p>[11] The laming.</p>
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|089v|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 090r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[12] The back-throw.</p>
+| <p>[12] The throw onto the back.</p>
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|090r|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 090v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[13] The foresetting, ripping and face-punching.</p>
+| <p>[13] Tear the counteraction up/down and jab [at] the face.</p>
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|090v|jpg}}
@@ Line 4,381: / Line 4,531: @@
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 091v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[15] An ending play.</p>
+| <p>[15] Another play.</p>
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|091v|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 092r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[16] Attack and counter.</p>
+| <p>[16] Play and counter.</p>
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|092r|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 092v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[17] ''Locking then'' throwing down out of fire-poker…</p>
+| <p>[17] The throw down out of the fire scissors.</p>
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|092v|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 093r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[18] …Which at last is ended ''by dagger-stab.''</p>
+| <p>[18] And finally, the same end.</p>
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|093r|jpg}}
 |-
 | rowspan="3" |[[File:MS Thott.290.2º 093v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[10] Here he thanks God.</p>
+| <p>[10] Here, he thanks God</p>
 | {{section|Page:MS Thott.290.2º 093v.jpg|1|lbl=93v}}
 |-
-| <p>[12] And here the winner thanks God; as he had great need.</p>
+| <p>[12] ''And has a great need''.</p>
 | {{section|Page:MS Thott.290.2º 093v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 |-
-| <p>[13] There lies the loser dead.</p>
+| <p>[13] He lies there dead.</p>
 | {{section|Page:MS Thott.290.2º 093v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 |-
 | class="noline" | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 094r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| class="noline" | <p>[20] …Whom they carry away to the freedom of the grave that God has for all worthy souls. Amen.
+| class="noline" | <p>[20] The freedoms carry him away into the grave,<br/>Which god has for all worthy souls, amen.<ref>This is ''Kittelvers'': there are 4 major beats in each line, with a lot of unstressed syllables, particularly in the first line.</ref></p>
 | class="noline" | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|094r|jpg}}
@@ Line 4,426: / Line 4,576: @@
 {| class="master"
 |-
-! <p>Images</p>
+! <p>Illustrations</p>
-! <p>{{rating|C}}<br/>by [[Jeffrey Hull]]</p>
+! <p>{{rating|B}}<br/>by [[Rebecca Garber]]</p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Thott.290.2º)|Archetype Transcription]] (1459){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Thott.290.2º)}}<br/>by [[Dieter Bachmann]]</p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Thott.290.2º)|Archetype]] (1459){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Thott.290.2º)}}<br/>by [[Dieter Bachmann]]</p>
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 094v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[1] Advancing to the foe.</p>
+| <p>[1] The approach to the enemies.</p>
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|094v|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 095r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[2] For foresetting during skirmishing ''upon horse''.</p>
+| <p>[2] The counteraction in the skirmish.</p>
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|095r|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 095v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[3] Shooting ''the crossbow'' while fleeing ''upon horse''.</p>
+| <p>[3] Shooting at the rout.<ref>Or “the flight/fleeing ones”.</ref></p>
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|095v|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 096r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[4] The crossbow and sword: Countering protectively/countering after the shot.</p>
+| <p>[4] Using the cross bow and sword after shooting.</p>
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|096r|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 096v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[5] The lance counters half and whole.</p>
+| <p>[5] Using the lance, half and whole.</p>
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|096v|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 097r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[6] The thrust ''done'' out of the foresetting.</p>
+| <p>[6] The thrust from the counteractions.</p>
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|097r|jpg}}
@@ Line 4,539: / Line 4,689: @@
 {| class="master"
 |-
-! <p>Images</p>
+! <p>Illustrations</p>
-! <p>{{rating|C}}<br/>by [[Jeffrey Hull]]</p>
+! <p>{{rating|B}}<br/>by [[Rebecca Garber]]</p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Thott.290.2º)|Archetype Transcription]] (1459){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Thott.290.2º)}}<br/>by [[Dieter Bachmann]]</p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Thott.290.2º)|Archetype]] (1459){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Thott.290.2º)}}<br/>by [[Dieter Bachmann]]</p>
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 097v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[1] The first rush ''of judicial duel'' with pavise and sword according to the Swabian tradition.</p>
+| <p>[1] The first approach with shield and sword according to Swabian customs.</p>
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|097v|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 098r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[2] Seeking there, behind/from behind the pavise.</p>
+| <p>[2] Seek behind the shield.</p>
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|098r|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 098v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[3] The kick and jugular-thrust.</p>
+| <p>[3] The kick and throat-thrust.</p>
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|098v|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 099r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[4] The hinter-treading and heart-thrust achieved.</p>
+| <p>[4] Step behind and complete the heart-thrust.</p>
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|099r|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 099v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[5] Here is the ''judicial'' duel determined by the mace ''and pavise according to Franconia tradition''.</p>
+| <p>[5] Here, the fight is carried out using clubs.</p>
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|099v|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 100r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[6] The onslaught/provocation.</p>
+| <p>[6] The initial point.</p>
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|100r|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 100v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[7] The hampering ''of foe's pavise''…</p>
+| <p>[7] The crosswise cut into the shield.</p>
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|100v|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 101r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[8] …And the thwarting inside ''foe’s'' pavise.</p>
+| <p>[8] And the binding inward.</p>
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|101r|jpg}}
@@ Line 4,672: / Line 4,822: @@
 {| class="master"
 |-
-! <p>Images</p>
+! <p>Illustrations</p>
-! <p>{{rating|C}}<br/>by [[Jeffrey Hull]]</p>
+! <p>{{rating|B}}<br/>by [[Rebecca Garber]]</p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Thott.290.2º)|Archetype Transcription]] (1459){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Thott.290.2º)}}<br/>by [[Dieter Bachmann]]</p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Thott.290.2º)|Archetype]] (1459){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Thott.290.2º)}}<br/>by [[Dieter Bachmann]]</p>
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 101v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[1] Here Master Hans Talhoffer
+| <p>[1] {{red|b=1|This [is] Master Hans Talhoffer.}}
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|101v|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 102r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[2] '''Bethink Thee Right'''
+| <p>[2] {{red|b=1|Consider correctly.}}
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|102r|jpg}}
 |-
 | class="noline" | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 103v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| class="noline" | <p>[3] {{red|b=1|In the year of our Lord 1459:}}</p>
+| class="noline" | <p>[3] {{red|b=1|In the year of our Lord 1459}}</p>
-<p>{{red|Thus this Book is that of Master Hans Talhoffer; and he is self-avowed with his life that someone (Clauss Pflieger) has illustrated this Book according to him; and that it became illustrated during Whitsuntide in that year after the birth of our beloved Lord Christ which is the one-thousand-four-hundred-fifty-ninth year thereafter. Truly, Michel Rotwyler scribed “me” the Book.}}</p>
+<p>{{red|Item. The book is Master Hans Talhoffer’s, and he has proven it with his body until one painted the book according to him, and that was painted on Pentecost in the year after the birth of our dear Lord Christ one-thousand-four-hundred and after that in the fifty-nineth year. Michel Rotwylar wrote me truthfully.}}</p>
 | class="noline" | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|103v|jpg}}
@@ Line 4,702: / Line 4,852: @@
 {| class="master"
 |-
-! <p>Images</p>
+! <p>Illustrations</p>
-! <p>{{rating|C}}<br/>by [[Jeffrey Hull]]</p>
+! <p>{{rating|B}}<br/>by [[Rebecca Garber]]</p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Thott.290.2º)|Archetype Transcription]] (1459){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Thott.290.2º)}}<br/>by [[Dieter Bachmann]]</p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Thott.290.2º)|Archetype]] (1459){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Thott.290.2º)}}<br/>by [[Dieter Bachmann]]</p>
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 104r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[1] This ''spiky'' pavise ''is'' "hard" versus the mace.
+| <p>[1] The shield prevails over the club.
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|104r|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 104v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[2] ''As is this spiky pavise'' versus the mace.
+| <p>[2] [The shield prevails] over the club.
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|104v|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 105r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[3] ''This hooked & barbed pavise is hard'' versus the sword.
+| <p>[3] [The shield prevails] over the sword.
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|105r|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 105v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[4] ''As is this smooth pavise'' versus the sword.
+| <p>[4] [The shield prevails] over the sword.
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|105v|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 106r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[5] As is this hooked pavise'' versus the sword.
+| <p>[5] [The shield prevails] over the sword.
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|106r|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 106v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[6] Learn ''to wield'' maces.
+| <p>[6] Learn the club.
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|106v|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 107r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[7] The garments for the pavise ''duel'' and for ''other'' dueling ''that'' Talhoffer ''advises'' to put on.
+| <p>[7] The garments to be worn [used] for the shield and for Talhoffer’s fight.
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|107r|jpg}}
 |-
 | rowspan="3" | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 107v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[8] For the harness
+| <p>[8] [To be used] for armor.
 | {{section|Page:MS Thott.290.2º 107v.jpg|1|lbl=107v}}
 |-
-| <p>[9] Yet also ''for any'' armoured ''dueling''</p>
+| <p>[9] Also armed/armored.</p>
 | {{section|Page:MS Thott.290.2º 107v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 |-
-| <p>[10] And versus pavises.</p>
+| <p>[10] [To be used] for the long shield.</p>
 | {{section|Page:MS Thott.290.2º 107v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 |-
 | rowspan="2" | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 108r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[11] Versus pavises
+| <p>[11] {{red|b=1|[To be used] for the shield.}}
 | {{section|Page:MS Thott.290.2º 108r.jpg|1|lbl=108r}}
 |-
-| <p>[12] Twain “sword-horns” for armoured dueling.</p>
+| <p>[12] The two swords belong to armored combat.</p>
 | {{section|Page:MS Thott.290.2º 108r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 108v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[13] The three daggers for dueling.
+| <p>[13] The three daggers [to be used] for combat.
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|108v|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 109r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[14] These weapons break armament & armour, truly as one wills''.
+| <p>[14] The weapon breaks whatever one wants.
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|109r|jpg}}
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 109v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[15] These pollaxes/luzern-hammers/ravens-beaks ''are'' for dueling.
+| <p>[15] The axes [to be used] for combat.
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|109v|jpg}}
 |-
 | class="noline" rowspan="2" | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 110r.jpg|400x400px|center]]
-| <p>[16] This is a ''modularly and optionally assembled'' pollaxe for the duel, ''with which'' one lays ''low his foe'' by stabbing ''thus it serves also like spear''.</p>
+| <p>[16] This is an axe [to be used] for combat, if one lays out [the individual] parts.</p>
 | {{section|Page:MS Thott.290.2º 110r.jpg|1|lbl=110r}}
 |-
-| class="noline" | <p>[17] This axe ''is assembled and ready'' for dueling.</p>
+| class="noline" | <p>[17] The axe [to be used] for combat.</p>
 | class="noline" | {{section|Page:MS Thott.290.2º 110r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
@@ Line 4,796: / Line 4,946: @@
 {| class="master"
 |-
-! <p>Images</p>
+! <p>Illustrations</p>
-! <p>{{rating|C}}<br/>by [[Jeffrey Hull]]</p>
+! <p>{{rating|B}}<br/>by [[Rebecca Garber]]</p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Thott.290.2º)|Archetype Transcription]] (1459){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Thott.290.2º)}}<br/>by [[Dieter Bachmann]]</p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Thott.290.2º)|Archetype]] (1459){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Thott.290.2º)}}<br/>by [[Dieter Bachmann]]</p>
 |-
@@ Line 4,808: / Line 4,958: @@
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 118r.png|400x400px|center|Folio 118r]]
 | <p>[2]</p>
-| {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|118r|jpg}}
+| {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|118r|png|blk=1}}
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 118v.png|400x400px|center|Folio 118v]]
 | <p>[3]</p>
-| {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|118v|jpg|blk=1}}
+| {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|118v|png|blk=1}}
 |-
 | [[File:MS Thott.290.2º 119r.jpg|400x400px|center|Folio 119r]]
-| <p>[4] The right and needed stance against two foes.</p>
+| <p>[4] {{red|b=1|The correct combative stance against two [opponents].}}</p>
 | {{paget|Page:MS Thott.290.2º|119r|jpg}}
@@ Line 4,874: / Line 5,024: @@
 {| class="master"
 |-
-! <p>Images</p>
+! <p>Illustrations</p>
-! <p>{{rating|C}}<br/>by [[Jeffrey Hull]]</p>
+! <p>{{rating|B}}<br/>by [[Rebecca Garber]]</p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Thott.290.2º)|Archetype Transcription]] (1459){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Thott.290.2º)}}<br/>by [[Dieter Bachmann]]</p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Thott.290.2º)|Archetype]] (1459){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Thott.290.2º)}}<br/>by [[Dieter Bachmann]]</p>
 |-
@@ Line 4,901: / Line 5,051: @@
   | width = 100%
 }}
-The earlest known copy made from the archetype, which was previously [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.Ser.Nov.2978)|Cod.Ser.Nov.2978]], was sold to an unknown private collector in the late 20th century and is no longer available for study. For this reason, it cannot be included in the concordances below. The [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (2º Col.MS.Philos.61)|Göttingen]], [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.Guelf.125.16.Extrav.)|Wolfenbüttel]], and [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 014)|Coburg]] versions only include plays of the duel between man and woman, so to make the tables easier to read, they are omitted from all other sections and included at the far right side of that one.
+The earlest known copy made from the archetype, which was previously [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.Ser.Nov.2978)|Cod.Ser.Nov.2978]], was sold to an unknown private collector in the late 20th century and is no longer available for study. For this reason, it cannot be included in the concordances below. The [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (2º Col.MS.Philos.61)|Göttingen]], [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.Guelf.125.16.Extrav.)|Wolfenbüttel Ⅱ]], and [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 014)|Coburg]] versions only include plays of the duel between man and woman, so to make the tables easier to read, they are omitted from all other sections and included at the far right side of that one.
 {{master subsection begin
@@ Line 4,910: / Line 5,060: @@
 {| class="master"
 |-
-! <p>Images<br/>from [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394a)|Archetype]]</p>
+! <p>Illustrations<br/>from [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394a)|Archetype]]</p>
 ! <p>{{rating|B}}<br/>by [[Cory Winslow]]</p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394a)|Archetype Transcription]] (1467){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394a)}}<br/>by [[Gustav Hergsell]]</p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394a)|Archetype]] (1467){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394a)}}<br/>by [[Gustav Hergsell]]</p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Sammelhandschrift (2º MS iurid. 29)|Kassel Transcription]] (1600s){{edit index|Talhoffer Sammelhandschrift (2º MS iurid. 29)}}</p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Sammelhandschrift (2º MS iurid. 29)|Kassel Version]] (1600s){{edit index|Talhoffer Sammelhandschrift (2º MS iurid. 29)}}</p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394)|Munich Transcription]] (1820){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394)}}</p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394)|Munich Version]] (1820){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394)}}</p>
 <section end="credits1"/>
 |-
@@ Line 5,502: / Line 5,652: @@
 {| class="master"
 |-
-! <p>Images<br/>from [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394a)|Archetype]]</p>
+! <p>Illustrations<br/>from [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394a)|Archetype]]</p>
 ! <p>{{rating|B}}<br/>by [[Cory Winslow]]</p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394a)|Archetype Transcription]] (1467){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394a)}}<br/>by [[Gustav Hergsell]]</p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394a)|Archetype]] (1467){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394a)}}<br/>by [[Gustav Hergsell]]</p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Sammelhandschrift (2º MS iurid. 29)|Kassel Transcription]] (1600s){{edit index|Talhoffer Sammelhandschrift (2º MS iurid. 29)}}</p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Sammelhandschrift (2º MS iurid. 29)|Kassel Version]] (1600s){{edit index|Talhoffer Sammelhandschrift (2º MS iurid. 29)}}</p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394)|Munich Transcription]] (1820){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394)}}</p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394)|Munich Version]] (1820){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394)}}</p>
 |-
@@ Line 5,648: / Line 5,798: @@
 {| class="master"
 |-
-! <p>Images<br/>from [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394a)|Archetype]]</p>
+! <p>Illustrations<br/>from [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394a)|Archetype]]</p>
 ! <p>{{rating|B}}<br/>by [[Cory Winslow]]</p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394a)|Archetype Transcription]] (1467){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394a)}}<br/>by [[Gustav Hergsell]]</p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394a)|Archetype]] (1467){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394a)}}<br/>by [[Gustav Hergsell]]</p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Sammelhandschrift (2º MS iurid. 29)|Kassel Transcription]] (1600s){{edit index|Talhoffer Sammelhandschrift (2º MS iurid. 29)}}</p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Sammelhandschrift (2º MS iurid. 29)|Kassel Version]] (1600s){{edit index|Talhoffer Sammelhandschrift (2º MS iurid. 29)}}</p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394)|Munich Transcription]] (1820){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394)}}</p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394)|Munich Version]] (1820){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394)}}</p>
 |-
@@ Line 5,886: / Line 6,036: @@
 {| class="master"
 |-
-! <p>Images<br/>from [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394a)|Archetype]]</p>
+! <p>Illustrations<br/>from [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394a)|Archetype]]</p>
 ! <p>{{rating|B}}<br/>by [[Mark Rector]]</p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394a)|Archetype Transcription]] (1467){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394a)}}<br/>by [[Gustav Hergsell]]</p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394a)|Archetype]] (1467){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394a)}}<br/>by [[Gustav Hergsell]]</p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Sammelhandschrift (2º MS iurid. 29)|Kassel Transcription]] (1600s){{edit index|Talhoffer Sammelhandschrift (2º MS iurid. 29)}}</p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Sammelhandschrift (2º MS iurid. 29)|Kassel Version]] (1600s){{edit index|Talhoffer Sammelhandschrift (2º MS iurid. 29)}}</p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394)|Munich Transcription]] (1820){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394)}}</p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394)|Munich Version]] (1820){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394)}}</p>
 |-
@@ Line 6,653: / Line 6,803: @@
 {| class="master"
 |-
-! <p>Images<br/>from [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394a)|Archetype]]</p>
+! <p>Illustrations<br/>from [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394a)|Archetype]]</p>
 ! <p>{{rating|B}}<br/>by [[Cory Winslow]]</p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394a)|Archetype Transcription]] (1467){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394a)}}<br/>by [[Gustav Hergsell]]</p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394a)|Archetype]] (1467){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394a)}}<br/>by [[Gustav Hergsell]]</p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Sammelhandschrift (2º MS iurid. 29)|Kassel Transcription]] (1600s){{edit index|Talhoffer Sammelhandschrift (2º MS iurid. 29)}}</p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Sammelhandschrift (2º MS iurid. 29)|Kassel Version]] (1600s){{edit index|Talhoffer Sammelhandschrift (2º MS iurid. 29)}}</p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394)|Munich Transcription]] (1820){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394)}}</p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394)|Munich Version]] (1820){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394)}}</p>
 |-
@@ Line 7,061: / Line 7,211: @@
 {| class="master"
 |-
-! <p>Images<br/>from [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394a)|Archetype]]</p>
+! <p>Illustrations<br/>from [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394a)|Archetype]]</p>
 ! <p>{{rating|B}}<br/>by [[Cory Winslow]]</p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394a)|Archetype Transcription]] (1467){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394a)}}<br/>by [[Gustav Hergsell]]</p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394a)|Archetype]] (1467){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394a)}}<br/>by [[Gustav Hergsell]]</p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Sammelhandschrift (2º MS iurid. 29)|Kassel Transcription]] (1600s){{edit index|Talhoffer Sammelhandschrift (2º MS iurid. 29)}}</p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Sammelhandschrift (2º MS iurid. 29)|Kassel Version]] (1600s){{edit index|Talhoffer Sammelhandschrift (2º MS iurid. 29)}}</p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394)|Munich Transcription]] (1820){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394)}}</p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394)|Munich Version]] (1820){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394)}}</p>
 |-
@@ Line 7,498: / Line 7,648: @@
 {| class="master"
 |-
-! <p>Images<br/>from [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394a)|Archetype]]</p>
+! <p>Illustrations<br/>from [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394a)|Archetype]]</p>
 ! <p>{{rating|B}}<br/>by [[Cory Winslow]]</p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394a)|Archetype Transcription]] (1467){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394a)}}<br/>by [[Gustav Hergsell]]</p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394a)|Archetype]] (1467){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394a)}}<br/>by [[Gustav Hergsell]]</p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Sammelhandschrift (2º MS iurid. 29)|Kassel Transcription]] (1600s){{edit index|Talhoffer Sammelhandschrift (2º MS iurid. 29)}}</p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Sammelhandschrift (2º MS iurid. 29)|Kassel Version]] (1600s){{edit index|Talhoffer Sammelhandschrift (2º MS iurid. 29)}}</p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394)|Munich Transcription]] (1820){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394)}}</p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394)|Munich Version]] (1820){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394)}}</p>
 |-
@@ Line 7,605: / Line 7,755: @@
 {| class="master"
 |-
-! <p>Images<br/>from [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394a)|Archetype]]</p>
+! <p>Illustrations<br/>from [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394a)|Archetype]]</p>
 ! <p>{{rating|B}}<br/>by [[Cory Winslow]]</p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394a)|Archetype Transcription]] (1467){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394a)}}<br/>by [[Gustav Hergsell]]</p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394a)|Archetype]] (1467){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394a)}}<br/>by [[Gustav Hergsell]]</p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Sammelhandschrift (2º MS iurid. 29)|Kassel Transcription]] (1600s){{edit index|Talhoffer Sammelhandschrift (2º MS iurid. 29)}}</p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Sammelhandschrift (2º MS iurid. 29)|Kassel Version]] (1600s){{edit index|Talhoffer Sammelhandschrift (2º MS iurid. 29)}}</p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394)|Munich Transcription]] (1820){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394)}}</p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394)|Munich Version]] (1820){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394)}}</p>
 |-
@@ Line 7,739: / Line 7,889: @@
 {| class="master"
 |-
-! <p>Images<br/>from [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394a)|Archetype]]</p>
+! <p>Illustrations<br/>from [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394a)|Archetype]]</p>
 ! <p>{{rating|B}}<br/>by [[Mark Rector]]</p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394a)|Archetype Transcription]] (1467){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394a)}}<br/>by [[Gustav Hergsell]]</p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394a)|Archetype]] (1467){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394a)}}<br/>by [[Gustav Hergsell]]</p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Sammelhandschrift (2º MS iurid. 29)|Kassel Transcription]] (1600s){{edit index|Talhoffer Sammelhandschrift (2º MS iurid. 29)}}</p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Sammelhandschrift (2º MS iurid. 29)|Kassel Version]] (1600s){{edit index|Talhoffer Sammelhandschrift (2º MS iurid. 29)}}</p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394)|Munich Transcription]] (1820){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394)}}</p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394)|Munich Version]] (1820){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394)}}</p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (2º Col.MS.Philos.61)|Göttingen Transcription]] (1600s){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (2º Col.MS.Philos.61)}}</p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (2º Col.MS.Philos.61)|Göttingen Version]] (1600s){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (2º Col.MS.Philos.61)}}</p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.Guelf.125.16.Extrav.)|Wolfenbüttel Transcription]] (late 1600s){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.Guelf.125.16.Extrav.)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.Guelf.125.16.Extrav.)|Wolfenbüttel Version Ⅱ]] (late 1600s){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.Guelf.125.16.Extrav.)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 014)|Coburg Transcription]] (1700s){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 014)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 014)|Coburg Version]] (1700s){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 014)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
 |-
@@ Line 7,884: / Line 8,034: @@
 {| class="master"
 |-
-! <p>Images<br/>from [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394a)|Archetype]]</p>
+! <p>Illustrations<br/>from [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394a)|Archetype]]</p>
 ! <p>{{rating|B}}<br/>by [[Mark Rector]]</p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394a)|Archetype Transcription]] (1467){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394a)}}<br/>by [[Gustav Hergsell]]</p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394a)|Archetype]] (1467){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394a)}}<br/>by [[Gustav Hergsell]]</p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Sammelhandschrift (2º MS iurid. 29)|Kassel Transcription]] (1600s){{edit index|Talhoffer Sammelhandschrift (2º MS iurid. 29)}}</p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Sammelhandschrift (2º MS iurid. 29)|Kassel Version]] (1600s){{edit index|Talhoffer Sammelhandschrift (2º MS iurid. 29)}}</p>
-! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394)|Munich Transcription]] (1820){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394)}}</p>
+! <p>[[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394)|Munich Version]] (1820){{edit index|Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394)}}</p>
 |-
@@ Line 8,108: / Line 8,258: @@
 <section begin="sourcebox"/>{{sourcebox header}}
 {{sourcebox
-  | work        = Gotha Images
+  | work        = Gotha Illustrations
   | authors     = [[Universitäts- und Forschungsbibliothek Erfurt/Gotha|Forschungsbibliothek Erfurt/Gotha]]
   | source link = https://archive.thulb.uni-jena.de/ufb/receive/ufb_cbu_00009967
@@ Line 8,115: / Line 8,265: @@
 }}
 {{sourcebox
-  | work        = Königseggwald Images
+  | work        = Königseggwald Illustrations
   | authors     = Königsegg-Aulendorf Collection
   | source link = http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ms.XIX.17-3
@@ Line 8,122: / Line 8,272: @@
 }}
 {{sourcebox
-  | work        = Copenhagen Images
+  | work        = Copenhagen Illustrations
   | authors     = [[Det Kongelige Bibliotek]]
   | source link = http://www.kb.dk/manus/vmanus/2011/dec/ha/object23662/da/
@@ Line 8,129: / Line 8,279: @@
 }}
 {{sourcebox
-  | work        = Copenhagen Images (ff 68 and 118)
+  | work        = {{nowrap|Copenhagen Illustrations (ff 68 and 118)}}
   | authors     = [[Tracey Zoeller]]
   | source link =
@@ Line 8,136: / Line 8,286: @@
 }}
 {{sourcebox
-  | work        = Munich Images
+  | work        = Munich Illustrations
   | authors     = [[Bayerische Staatsbibliothek]]
   | source link = http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb00020451-7
@@ Line 8,144: / Line 8,294: @@
 {{sourcebox
   | work        = [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Chart.A.558)|Gotha Translation]]
-  | authors     = [[Tyrone Artur Budzin]]
+  | authors     = [[translator::Tyrone Artur Budzin]]
   | source link =
   | source title= Document circulated online
@@ Line 8,151: / Line 8,301: @@
 {{sourcebox
 | work        = [[Ambraser Codex (MS KK5342)|Vienna Translation]]
-| authors     = [[Hugh Knight]]
+| authors     = [[translator::Hugh Knight]]
-| source link = http://www.lulu.com/shop/hugh-knight/the-ambraser-codex-by-master-hans-talhoffer/paperback/product-6526471.html
+| source link = https://www.lulu.com/en/us/shop/hugh-knight/the-ambraser-codex-by-master-hans-talhoffer/hardcover/product-18vmjrr.html
 | source title= ''The Ambraser Codex by Master Hans Talhoffer''
 | license     = copyrighted
+}}
+{{sourcebox
+| work        = [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS XIX.17-3)|Königseggwald Translation]]
+| authors     = [[translator::Betsy Winslow]]
+| source link =
+| source title= Wiktenauer
+| license     = noncommercial
 }}
 {{sourcebox
 | work        = [[Ambraser Codex (MS KK5342)|Vienna Translation]]
-| authors     = [[Brian Hunt]]
+| authors     = [[translator::Brian Hunt]]
 | source link =
 | source title= Document circulated privately
@@ Line 8,165: / Line 8,322: @@
 {{sourcebox
   | work        = [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS Thott.290.2º)|Copenhagen Translation]]
-  | authors     = [[Jeffrey Hull]]
+  | authors     = [[translator::Rebecca Garber]]
   | source link =
-  | source title= ''[[:file:Fight Earnestly (Hull).pdf|Fight Earnestly]]''
+  | source title= Wiktenauer
-  | license     = copyrighted
+  | license     = default
 }}
 {{sourcebox
   | work        = [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394a)|Munich Translation]]
-  | authors     = [[Mark Rector]]
+  | authors     = [[translator::Mark Rector]]
   | source link = http://www.schielhau.org/tal.html
   | source title= Schielhau.org
@@ Line 8,179: / Line 8,336: @@
 {{sourcebox
   | work        = [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394a)|Munich Translation]]
-  | authors     = [[Cory Winslow]]
+  | authors     = [[translator::Cory Winslow]]
   | source link =
   | source title= Wiktenauer
@@ Line 8,206: / Line 8,363: @@
 }}
 {{sourcebox
-  | work        = [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 78.A.15)|Berlin Transcription]]
+  | work        = [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 78.A.15)|Berlin Version]]
   | authors     = [[Dierk Hagedorn]]
   | source link =
@@ Line 8,213: / Line 8,370: @@
 }}
 {{sourcebox
-  | work        = [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394a)|Munich Transcription]]
+  | work        = [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394a)|Munich Version]]
   | authors     = [[Gustav Hergsell]]
   | source link =
@@ Line 8,220: / Line 8,377: @@
 }}
 {{sourcebox
-  | work        = [[Ambraser Codex (MS KK5342)|Vienna Transcription]]
+  | work        = [[Ambraser Codex (MS KK5342)|Vienna Version]]
   | authors     = [[Gustav Hergsell]]
   | source link =
@@ Line 8,227: / Line 8,384: @@
 }}
 {{sourcebox
-  | work        = [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.I.6.2º.1)|Augsburg Transcription]]
+  | work        = [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.I.6.2º.1)|Augsburg Version]]
   | authors     =
   | source link =
@@ Line 8,234: / Line 8,391: @@
 }}
 {{sourcebox
-  | work        = [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 26.236)|New York Transcription]]
+  | work        = [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 26.236)|New York Version]]
   | authors     =
   | source link =
@@ Line 8,241: / Line 8,398: @@
 }}
 {{sourcebox
-  | work        = [[Talhoffer Sammelhandschrift (2º MS iurid. 29)|Kassel Transcription]]
+  | work        = [[Talhoffer Sammelhandschrift (2º MS iurid. 29)|Kassel Version]]
   | authors     =
   | source link =
@@ Line 8,248: / Line 8,405: @@
 }}
 {{sourcebox
-  | work        = [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (2º Col.MS.Philos.61)|Göttingen Transcription]]
+  | work        = [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (2º Col.MS.Philos.61)|Göttingen Version]]
   | authors     =
   | source link =
@@ Line 8,255: / Line 8,412: @@
 }}
 {{sourcebox
-  | work        = [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.Guelf.125.16.Extrav.)|Wolfenbüttel Transcription]]
+  | work        = [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.Guelf.125.16.Extrav.)|Wolfenbüttel Version Ⅱ]]
   | authors     = [[Dierk Hagedorn]]
   | source link =
@@ Line 8,262: / Line 8,419: @@
 }}
 {{sourcebox
-  | work        = [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 014)|Coburg Transcription]]
+  | work        = [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (MS 014)|Coburg Version]]
   | authors     = [[Dierk Hagedorn]]
   | source link =
@@ Line 8,269: / Line 8,426: @@
 }}
 {{sourcebox
-  | work        = [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394)|Munich II Transcription]]
+  | work        = [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon. 394)|Munich Ⅱ Transcription]]
   | authors     =
   | source link =
@@ Line 8,276: / Line 8,433: @@
 }}
 {{sourcebox
-  | work        = [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon.395)|Munich III Transcription]]
+  | work        = [[Talhoffer Fechtbuch (Cod.icon.395)|Munich Ⅲ Transcription]]
   | authors     =
   | source link =
@@ Line 8,288: / Line 8,445: @@
 == Additional Resources ==
-* ''[http://diglib.hab.de/?grafik=graph-res-b-24 Zwei junge Männer kämpfen mit Schwertern und ringen miteinander, von einem älteren Mann beaufsichtigt.]'' 1826 - 1850.
+{{bibliography}}
-* Burkart, Eric. "Body Techniques Of Combat: The Depiction of a Personal Fighting System in the Fight Books of Hans Talhofer (1443-1467 CE)". ''Killing and Being Killed: Bodies in Battle''. 2018. pp 109-130. {{doi|10.14361/9783839437834-008}}
-* Elema, Ariella. "Tradition, Innovation, Re-enactment: Hans Talhoffer’s Unusual Weapons." ''[[Acta Periodica Duellatorum]]'' '''7'''(1): 3-25. August 2019. {{doi|10.2478/apd-2019-0001}}
-* Hergsell, Gustav, and [[Hans Talhoffer|Talhoffer, Hans]]. ''[http://jfgilles.perso.sfr.fr/escrime/bibliotheque/talhoffer_ambras/index.html Livre d'escrime de Talhoffer (manuscrit d'Ambras) de l'an 1459]''. Prague: Chez L'Auteur, 1890.
-* Hergsell, Gustav, and [[Hans Talhoffer|Talhoffer, Hans]]. ''[http://jfgilles.perso.sfr.fr/escrime/bibliotheque/talhoffer_gotha/index.html Livre d'escrime de Talhoffer (codex Gotha) de l'an 1443]''. Prague: Chez L'Auteur, 1893.
-* Hergsell, Gustav, and [[Hans Talhoffer|Talhoffer, Hans]]. ''[http://jfgilles.perso.sfr.fr/escrime/bibliotheque/talhoffer_1467/index.html Livre d'escrime de Talhoffer de l'an 1467]''. Prague: Chez L'Auteur, 1894.
-* Hergsell, Gustav, and [[Hans Talhoffer|Talhoffer, Hans]]. ''Talhoffers Fechtbuch (Ambraner Codex) aus dem Jahre 1459: gerichtliche und andere Zweikämpfe darstellend''. Prague: J.G. Calve, 1887.
-* Hergsell, Gustav, and [[Hans Talhoffer|Talhoffer, Hans]]. {{Google books|-3oVAAAAYAAJ|Talhoffers Fechtbuch (Gothaer Codex) aus dem Jahre 1443: gerichtliche und andere Zweikämpfe darstellend}}. Prague: Selbstverlag, 1889.
-* Hergsell, Gustav, and [[Hans Talhoffer|Talhoffer, Hans]]. ''[http://www.archive.org/download/talhoffersfechtb00talhuoft/talhoffersfechtb00talhuoft.pdf Talhoffers Fechtbuch aus dem jahre 1467: Gerichtliche und andere zweikämpfe darstellend]''. Prague: J.G. Calve, 1887.
-* [[Jeffrey Hull|Hull, Jeffrey]], with [[Monika Maziarz|Maziarz, Monika]] and [[Grzegorz Żabiński|Żabiński, Grzegorz]]. ''[http://www.academia.edu/1035644/Knightly_Dueling_the_Fighting_Arts_of_German_Chivalry Knightly Dueling: The Fighting Arts of German Chivalry]''. Boulder, CO: [[Paladin Press]], 2007. ISBN 1-58160-674-4
-* [[Hugh Knight|Knight, Hugh T., Jr]]. ''The Ambraser Codex by Master Hans Talhoffer''. [http://www.lulu.com/product/paperback/the-ambraser-codex-by-master-hans-talhoffer/6526471 Lulu.com], 2009. ISBN 978-0-557-38531-7
-* Jaquet, Daniel. "Six Weeks to Prepare for Combat: Instruction and Practices from the Fight Books at the End of the Middle Ages, a Note on Ritualised Single Combats: Perspectives on Fighters in the Middle Ages". ''Killing and Being Killed: Bodies in Battle''. 2018. pp 131-164. {{doi|10.14361/9783839437834-009}}
-* [[Mark Rector|Rector, Mark]], and [[Hans Talhoffer|Talhoffer, Hans]]. ''Medieval Combat: A Fifteenth-Century Illustrated Manual of Swordfighting and Close-Quarter Combat''. Barnsley, UK: Greenhill Books, 2000. ISBN 978-1853674181
-* Schulze, André and S.E. Johannes Graf zu Königsegg-Aulendorf. ''Der Königsegger Codex. Die Fechthandschrift des Hauses Königsegg.'' [http://zabern.de/buch/Der_Koenigsegger_Codex/02072010/18361 Geschichte Neu Erleben: Philipp von Zabern], 2010. ISBN 978-3-8053-3753-3
-* [[Hans Talhoffer|Talhoffer, Hans]]. ''Medieval Combat in Colour: Hans Talhoffer's Illustrated Manual of Swordfighting and Close-Quarter Combat from 1467''. Ed. [[Dierk Hagedorn]]. Barnsley, UK: Greenhill Books, 2018. ISBN 978-1-78438-285-8
-* [[Rainer Welle|Welle, Rainer]]. ''"...und wisse das alle höbischeit kompt von deme ringen". Der Ringkampf als adelige Kunst im 15. und 16. Jahrhundert.'' Pfaffenweiler: Centaurus-Verlagsgesellschaft, 1993. ISBN 3-89085-755-8
 == References ==
@@ Line 8,327: / Line 8,468: @@
 [[Category:Longshield]]
 [[Category:Longsword]]
-[[Category:Marriage Counseling]]
+[[Category:Man vs. Woman]]
 [[Category:Messer]]
 [[Category:Mounted Fencing]]
+[[Category:Physical Training]]
 [[Category:Pole Weapons]]
 [[Category:Staff Weapons]]
@@ Line 8,335: / Line 8,477: @@
 [[Category:New format]]
+[[Category:Modular display candidate]]

Hans Talhoffer

Occupation	Fencing master Mercenary
Patron	David and Buppellin vom Stain Eberhardt von Württemberg Luithold von Königsegg
Movement	Marxbrüder (?)
Genres	Fencing manual Wrestling manual
Language	Early New High German
Archetype(s)	MS Chart.A.558 (1448)(?) MS ⅩⅨ 17-3 (1446-1459) MS Thott 290.2º (1459) Cod.icon. 394a (1467)
Manuscript(s)	MS 78.A.15 (1450s) Cod.Guelf.78.2 Aug.2º (1465-80) MS KK5342 (1480-1500) Cod. Ⅰ.6.2º.1 (before 1561) Cod.Ser.Nov.2978 (1500s) MS 26.236 (1600s) 2º MS iurid. 29 (1600s) 2º Col. MS philos. 61 (late 1600s) Cod.guelf.125.16.Extrav (late 1600s) MS 014 (1700s) Cod.icon. 394 (1820) Cod.icon. 395 (ca.1820)
Concordance by	Michael Chidester
Translations	Traduction française Magyar fordítás Slovenski prevod Traducción castellano
Signature
Talhoffer's heraldry, including the Lion of St. Mark

Illustrations	No Translation	Archetype (1446-1459) [edit] by Dierk Hagedorn	Berlin Version (1450s) [edit] by Dierk Hagedorn	Vienna Version (1480-1500) [edit] by Gustav Hergsell	Augsburg Version (1561) [edit]
	[1]		[37r] das ist wie sich ainer versorgen sol der zu° gewapeter hand fechten sol
	[2]		[37v] das ist wie s[?] ainer wapen s[?] hinder den sch[?]ten sol^[21]
	[3]		[62r] das send die schilt züm schwert vñ zum kolben
	[4]		[62v] das send die gewer

No Translation	Archetype (1446-1459) [edit] by Dierk Hagedorn	Berlin Version (1450s) [edit] by Dierk Hagedorn	Vienna Version (1480-1500) [edit] by Gustav Hergsell	Augsburg Version (1561) [edit]
[1]	[36r] Da will lẅtold von küngs egg lernen ringen von dem talhoffer	[51r] der anfang im ringen	[36r] [No text]	[39r] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 39r.png
[2]	[36v] Das erst grüffen in dem anuang	[51v] das erst an grifen	[36v] [No text]	[39v] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 39v.png
[3]	[37r] Da hãnd sÿ gefasset vnd begrüffen ainander bÿ dem armen	[52r] das fasnn	[37r] [No text]	[40r] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 40r.png
[4]	[37v] Das vß brechen vnd den arm würgen	[52v] das vss brechen	[37v] [No text]	[40v] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 40v.png
[5]	[38r] Als der in begrüffen haut in der waichen so druckt er in bÿ dem hals von Im	[48r] stuck vnd bruch	[38r] [No text]	[41r] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 41r.png
[6]	[38v] Das durch gän vnd über rugg werffen	[48v] das durch schliefen	[38v] [No text]	[41v] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 41v.png
[7]	[39r] Das ist der bruch für daz durchschlüffen	[43r] das beschliesen	[39r] [No text]	[42r] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 42r.png
[8]	[39v] Das arm brechen	[43v] das arm brechen ※P※	[39v] [No text]	[42v] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 42v.png
[9]	[40r] Das über grüffen nach dem fu°ß	[38r] das u°ber grifen ※P※	[40r] [No text]	[43r] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 43r.png
[10]	[40v] Wen ainer ain fürt gefangen So ist das der bruch darüber	[38v] das fu°ren	[40v] [No text]	[43v] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 43v.png
[11]	[41r] Das schlechtt vassen ain arm vnden den andern oben	[58r] pu°rlins vasen	[41r] [No text]
[12]	[41v] Da haut er den arm zuckt vnd fasset in vorder ölenbogen	[58v] der wrff	[41v] [No text]
[13]	[42r] Da haut er in bÿ dem fu°ß so druckt in der nÿder	[59r] stuk vñ bruch	[42r] [No text]	[44r] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 44r.png
[14]	[42v] Da zuckt er Im den fu°ß vnd stost in oben von im	[59v] das zuken vnd stosen	[42v] [No text]	[44v] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 44v.png
[15]	[43r] Da wirfft er Inn übe~ vß	[53r] das falen	[43r] [No text]	[45r] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 45r.png
[16]	[43v] Da ist er vff in komen In dem wurff	[53v] da kumt er in dem wrff vff in	[43v] [No text]	[45v] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 45v.png
[17]	[44r] Da sÿtz er vff Im vnd wigtt In	[57r] ain heben	[44r] [No text]	[46r] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 46r.png
[18]	[44v] Das schlüssen vnd heben	[57v] aber ain heben	[44v] [No text]	[46v] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 46v.png
[19]		[32v] [No text]
[20]		[44r] [No text]
[21]		[44v] [No text]
[22]		[61r] [No text]

No Translation	Archetype (1446-1459) [edit] by Dierk Hagedorn	Berlin Version (1450s) [edit] by Dierk Hagedorn	Vienna Version (1480-1500) [edit] by Gustav Hergsell	Augsburg Version (1561) [edit]
[1]	[50r] Als er die glän nach im züchtt Da haut ers vff die glinggen achssel gebrachtt vnd wils in daz gerist werffen		[50r] [No text]	[52r] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 52r.png
[2]	[50v] Da tu°t er sich v°su°chen Da wirfft er die glän vmb den arm		[50v] [No text]	[52v] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 52v.png
[3]	[51r] Also sol ainer sin glän füren inder fluchtt So man In geÿchtt		[51r] [No text]	[53r] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 53r.png
[4]	[51v] Also sol sich ainer schicken mit dem schwertt gen dem der vff in rÿtt mit der glän		[51v] [No text]	[53v] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 53v.png
[5]	[52r] Also nÿmpt man aim die glän mit de~r schwertt		[52r] [No text]	[54r] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 54r.png
[6]	[52v] Also nÿmptt man aim die glän mit der hand		[52v] [No text]	[54v] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 54v.png
[7]	[53r] Als er in erritten hautt inder fluchtt So grifft der nach der glän vnd würfft sy vß dem ruggen		[53r] [No text]	[55r] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 55r.png
[8]	[53v] Wen man dir die glän well vnder rÿten So zucks vß dem gerist vff den arm vnd stichs wider zu° Im Das an rÿten mitt dem schwertt in ain huffen		[53v] [No text]	[55v] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 55v.png
[9]	[54r] Hie ventt er sich wider vmb in der fluchtt Als er in nitt erritten mag So will er die glän schüsse~		[54r] [No text]	[56r] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 56r.png
[10]	[54v] Als der obnen nider schlechtt So haut der v°setztt vñ also ist eß zu° baide~ sÿten ze v°setzen		[54v] [No text]	[56v] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 56v.png
[11]	[55r] Da tu°nd sÿ die äbichen schleg Ainer vnder der ander oben	[29v] die eben schleg	[55r] [No text]	[57r] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 57r.png
[12]	[55v] Da rÿtt er Im in das antlÿt mit de~ spitz So haut der geschlagen ain vngelertten straich	[29r] das an riten	[55v] [No text]	[57v] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 57v.png
[13]	[56r] Also nÿmpt man aim sein schwertt inder flucht		[56r] [No text]	[58r] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 58r.png
[14]	[56v] Als der haut geschlagen so haut Im diser das schwert genom~en		[56v] [No text]	[58v] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 58v.png
[15]	[57r] Das erst ringen fürsich	[31v] das forder beschliesen	[57r] [No text]	[61r] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 61r.png
[16]	[57v] Das ander griffen für sich	[31r] och ain forders beschliese[n]	[57v] [No text]	[61v] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 61v.png
[17]	[58r] Der bruch mit äbicher hand vmb den hals	[30v] stuk vñ bruch	[58r] [No text]	[62r] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 62r.png
[18]	[58v] Der griff hindersich an der fluchtt	[30r] ain hinders beschliesen	[58v] [No text]	[62v] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 62v.png
[19]	[59r] Der ander griff hÿndersich	[28r] da hinder beschliesen	[59r] [No text]	[60r] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 60r.png
[20]	[59v] Daz hÿnder sitzen wen er beschlossen wirt	[28v] stuk vñ bruch	[59v] [No text]	[60v] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 60v.png
[21]	[60r] Da sitzt er hÿnderim		[60r] [No text]	[59r] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 59r.png
[22]	[60v] Da springt er in sattell aun stegraiff		[60v] [No text]	[59v] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 59v.png
[23]	[61r] Da git Junckher lẅtold dem talhofer das gelaÿtt Da sitztt der talhoffer vff seinem haintzen vnd gaut vff den hÿndern füssen Peter Will mit seiner hand haut geschriben end vnd anefang	[32r]	[61r] [No text]	[63r] Page:Cod. I.6.2º.1 63r.png

Illustrations	No Translation	Archetype (1446-1459) [edit] by Dierk Hagedorn	Berlin Version (1450s) [edit] by Dierk Hagedorn	Vienna Version (1480-1500) [edit] by Gustav Hergsell	Augsburg Version (1561) [edit]
	[1]		[54r] hie versetzt er mit dem meser vnd grift mit dem bukler
	[2]		[54v] duÿ vnder vñ duÿ ober in den rechten bunt etc

Illustrations	No Translation	Archetype (1446-1459) [edit] by Dierk Hagedorn	Berlin Version (1450s) [edit] by Dierk Hagedorn	Vienna Version (1480-1500) [edit] by Gustav Hergsell	Augsburg Version (1561) [edit]
	[1]		[60r] wie sich ainer sol halten fu°r den schlag
	[2]		[60v] das flegel...^[25] der stos etc

Illustrations	No Translation	Archetype (1446-1459) [edit] by Dierk Hagedorn	Berlin Version (1450s) [edit] by Dierk Hagedorn	Vienna Version (1480-1500) [edit] by Gustav Hergsell	Augsburg Version (1561) [edit]
	[1]		[71v] die beraitung in den schranken
	[2]		[71r] das in fu°ren
	[3]		[77v] das sitzen im schr[ank]en
	[4]		[77r] [Library stamp]
	[5]		[65r] duÿ drit züm ver wenden
	[6]		[65v] die ander von oben ab
	[7]		[66r] duÿ fierd zü dem zuren
	[8]		[66v] der schlag zü dem risen
	[9]		[67r] das ver werfen
	[10]		[67v] der stand zü dem schmuken [?]
	[11]		[64v] der loft in an
	[12]		[64r] das buchen
	[13]		[72v] das hinder binden
	[14]		[72r] das dreten
	[15]		[75r] das in schlachen mit dem [...]^[26] dem [...] kolb[en]
	[16]		[75v] der schlag nach dem drit
	[17]		[70v] da ist er erstochen
	[18]		[70r] da lit er in der bar
	[19]		[73v] da danket der got
	[20]		[73r] das ist das angann mit dem schwert vñ schilt
	[21]		[69r] der drit vñ stich dar vss
	[22]		[69v] das ist stuk vñ bruch
	[23]		[74r] das schilt lupfen
	[24]		[74v] das hinder schlichen
	[25]		[76r] das su°chen züm schilt lupfen
	[26]		[76v] da hat der den schilt von dem [?] lofen vñ lügt
	[27]		[68r] da lit er
	[28]		[68v] da let man in bar
	[29]		[63v] da danket er got
	[30]		[63r] da stat her dauid vnd buppellin vom stain gebrueder vñ hand die kunst duy in disem büch stat gelernnet von hansen dalhofer

Illustrations	Complete Translation by Rebecca Garber	Archetype (1459) [edit] by Dieter Bachmann
	[1] For the thrust from above, using the left arm.	[061r] Für den obern stich Mit dem linggen arme
	[2] The arm-break.	[061v] Der arm bruch
	[3] The reversed throw.	[062r] Daz verkertt werffen
	[4] To throw the man using the dagger.	[062v] Den man zu werffen mit dem tegen
	[5] To defend against the thrust from below and to break the arm.	[063r] Den undern stich weren und den arm brechen
	[6] To throw the man forward.	[063v] Den man für zu werffen
	[7] To take the dagger from someone using his dagger.	[064r] Den tegen ainem Nymen mit sim tegen
	[8] The upper shield.	[064v] Der ober schilt
	[9] The throw over the hip.	[065r] Der wurff uber die hufft
	[10] To throw the man using force.^[67]	[065v] Den man werffen mit gewalte
	[11] To throw forward and to shoot through; pull towards yourself.	[066r] Für werffen und durch schiessen zuck an dich
	[12] The catch.	[066v] Das fahen
	[13] The counter against that.	[067r] Der bruch darüber
	[14] The throw over the back.	[067v] Der wurff ubern ruggen
	[15] The counter and killing thrust.	[068r] Der bruch und dot stich
	[16] The lower counter and thrust to the heart.	[068v] Der under bruch und hertz stich
	[17] The bobbing^[68] thrust and the counter for that.	[069r] Der wabet stich und bruch dar für
	[18] Play is completed.	[069v] Stuck ist volbracht
	[20] The lower shield.	[070r] Der under schilt
	[21] The violent killing^[69] thrust.	[070v] Der mortt stich
	[22] The final play.	[071r] Das end stuck

Illustrations	Complete Translation by Rebecca Garber	Archetype (1459) [edit] by Dieter Bachmann
	[1] Counteract the blow and thrust away [at the] heart.	[071v] Den slag versetzen und hertz abstossen
	[2] Counteract the thrust and thrust at him mortally.^[70]	[072r] Den stich versetzen und in er stechen
	[3] The counter and throw.	[072v] Den bruch und wurff
	[4] The neck^[71]-yank.^[72]	[073r] Daz hallß ryssen
	[5] The combative stance^[73] in front of the blow.^[74]	[073v] Der nott stand fur den slag
	[6] Play completed.	[074r] Stuck verbracht
	[7] Catch the weapon.	[074v] Daz gwer fachen
	[8]	[131r] [No text]
	[8]	[131r] [No text]
	[9]	[131v] [No text]
	[10]	[132r] [No text]
	[11]	[132v] [No text]
	[12]	[133r] [No text]
	[13]	[133v] [No text]
	[14]	[134r] [No text]
	[15]	[134v] [No text]
	[16]	[135r] [No text]
	[17]	[135v] [No text]
	[18]	[136r] [No text]
	[19]	[136v] [No text]
	[20]	[137r] [No text]
	[21]	[137v] [No text]

Illustrations	Complete Translation by Rebecca Garber	Archetype (1459) [edit] by Dieter Bachmann
	[1] Using the sword in front of the strike using the spear.	[075r] Mit dem schwert fur den Slag mit dem spieß
	[2] The woven thrust.	[075v] Der gewäbet Stich
	[3] The cut from above in front of the thrust.^[75]	[076r] Der oberhow fur den stich
	[4] The final play using the sword in front of the halberd.	[076v] Daz end stuck mit dem schwert für die hellen barten
	[5] The blinding at the head, thereby the throw into the body.	[077r] Daz blenden ab dem huopt Darby der wurff in leib
	[6] The final play using the Messer in front of the halberd.	[077v] Daz endstuck mit dem messer für die hellen bartten
	[7] The counteraction against the spear.	[078r] Daz versetzen gen dem spiess
	[8] The pilgrim using his staff in front of a long spear.	[078v] Ain billgerin für ain langen spieß mit sinem stab
	[9] The combative stance in Messer.	[079r] Der nott stand im messer
	[10] The play where the hand is lost.	[079v] Daz stuck da die Hand verlohren.
		[A page is missing between 79 and 80.]

Illustrations	Complete Translation by Rebecca Garber	Archetype (1459) [edit] by Dieter Bachmann
		[A page is missing between 79 and 80.]
	[1] Here, he strikes at the foot and she hits the head.	[080r] Hie schlecht er nach dem fuoß und sy trifft dz houpt.
	[2] Here, he has disarmed her strike and caught the arm.	[080v] Hie hat er den schlag ir entwert und dem arm gefangen
	[3] The grab at the neck.	[081r] Der griff nach dem halß
	[4] Here, she presses the man down.	[081v] hie nickt siu den man
	[5] The neck-break.	[082r] Daz halß brechen
	[6] Here, he makes a final play.	[082v] Hie macht er ain end stuck
	[7] Here, she wants to subdue^[76] him and he sees her fall.	[083r] Hie wil siu in töben und er siu sÿ vellen
	[8] Here, the woman carries out a final play.	[083v] Hie tribt daz wib ain endsstuck
	[9] Here, he makes an end.	[084r] Hie macht er end

Illustrations	Complete Translation by Rebecca Garber	Archetype (1459) [edit] by Dieter Bachmann
	[1] The start of the fight.	[084v] Der anfang des kampfs
	[2] Here, they both are sitting.	[085r] Hie sitzend sy bed
	[3] The stance before the spear throw.	[085v] Der stand für den schutz
	[4] Here, the spear throw is counter acted.	[086r] Hie ist der schutz versetzt
	[5] The second spear throw is counter acted.	[086v] Der ander schutz versetzt
	[6] The approach after the spear throw.	[087r] Daz anlouffen nach dem schutz
	[7] The killing blow is counter acted.	[087v] Der morttschlag ist versetzt
	[8] The fire-scissors.^[77]	[088r] Daz brendschürn
	[9] Taking the sword.	[088v] Daz schwert nymen
	[10] From the killing blow [to] the throat jab.	[089r] uß dem morttschlag den gurgelstoß
	[11] The laming.	[089v] Das lemen
	[12] The throw onto the back.	[090r] Der ruggen wurff
	[13] Tear the counteraction up/down and jab [at] the face.	[090v] Die versatzung zer ryssen und daz antlut stossen
	[14] The neck-strike.	[091r] Der hallß Schlag
	[15] Another play.	[091v] ain ander stuck
	[16] Play and counter.	[092r] Stuck und bruch
	[17] The throw down out of the fire scissors.	[092v] Daz under werffen uß den brend schürn
	[18] And finally, the same end.	[093r] und daz selbig end am letsten
	[10] Here, he thanks God	[93v] Hie dancket er got
	[12] And has a great need.	und hat groß noth^[78]
	[13] He lies there dead.	Da lyt er tod
	[20] The freedoms carry him away into the grave, Which god has for all worthy souls, amen.^[79]	[094r] Daz tragent in die fryheit hin weg inß grab / Daz got alle gelöbig selen hab amen

Illustrations	Complete Translation by Rebecca Garber	Archetype (1459) [edit] by Dieter Bachmann
	[1] The approach to the enemies.	[094v] Daz anryten zu den vynden
	[2] The counteraction in the skirmish.	[095r] Daz versetzen im schärmitzlen
	[3] Shooting at the rout.^[80]	[095v] Daz schiessen an der flucht
	[4] Using the cross bow and sword after shooting.	[096r] Daz armbrost und swert bruchen nach dem schutz
	[5] Using the lance, half and whole.	[096v] Daz glen bruchen halb und gantz
	[6] The thrust from the counteractions.	[097r] Der stich uß versatzunge
	[7]	[124r] [No text]
	[8]	[124v] [No text]
	[9]	[125r] [No text]
	[10]	[125v] [No text]
	[11]	[126r] [No text]
	[12]	[126v] [No text]
	[13]	[127r] [No text]
	[14]	[127v] [No text]
	[15]	[128r] [No text]
	[16]	[128v] [No text]
	[17]	[129r] [No text]
	[18]	[129v] [No text]
	[19]	[130r] [No text]
	[20]	[130v] [No text]

Illustrations	Complete Translation by Rebecca Garber	Archetype (1459) [edit] by Dieter Bachmann
	[1] The first approach with shield and sword according to Swabian customs.	[097v] Der erst anlouff mit schilt und schwert nach schwäpschen Siten
	[2] Seek behind the shield.	[098r] Daz suchen hinderm schilt
	[3] The kick and throat-thrust.	[098v] Der drit und gurgel stich
	[4] Step behind and complete the heart-thrust.	[099r] Daz hinder treten und hertz stich volbringen
	[5] Here, the fight is carried out using clubs.	[099v] Hie ist der kampf uff dem kolben gericht
	[6] The initial point.	[100r] Der anlauß
	[7] The crosswise cut into the shield.	[100v] Daz zwierhen im Schilt
	[8] And the binding inward.	[101r] und daz ynbinden
	[9]	[102v] [No text]
	[10]	[103r] [No text]
	[11]	[110v] [No text]
	[12]	[111r] [No text]
	[13]	[111v] [No text]
	[14]	[112r] [No text]
	[15]	[112v] [No text]
	[16]	[113r] [No text]
	[17]	[113v] [No text]
	[18]	[114r] [No text]
	[19]	[114v] [No text]
	[20]	[115r] [No text]
	[21]	[115v] [No text]
	[22]	[116r] [No text]
	[23]	[116v] [No text]
	[24]	[117r] [No text]

Illustrations	Complete Translation by Rebecca Garber	Archetype (1459) [edit] by Dieter Bachmann
	[1] The shield prevails over the club.	[104r] Der schlilt hert zuo Dem Kolben ~
	[2] [The shield prevails] over the club.	[104v] zuom kolben
	[3] [The shield prevails] over the sword.	[105r] zuo dem schwert
	[4] [The shield prevails] over the sword.	[105v] zuom schwert
	[5] [The shield prevails] over the sword.	[106r] zuom schwert
	[6] Learn the club.	[106v] lern kolben
	[7] The garments to be worn [used] for the shield and for Talhoffer’s fight.	[107r] daz gwand zuo dem schilt und zuo dem Kampf. ⁺talhofferß an tuon
	[8] [To be used] for armor.	[107v] zu dem harnasch
	[9] Also armed/armored.	och gewapnet
	[10] [To be used] for the long shield.	zum langen schilt
	[11] [To be used] for the shield.	[108r] zuo dem schilt
	[12] The two swords belong to armored combat.	die zwen swert hörnt zu dem kampf gewapnet
	[13] The three daggers [to be used] for combat.	[108v] die dri degen zu dem kampff
	[14] The weapon breaks whatever one wants.	[109r] Die gwer bruch war zuo man wil
	[15] The axes [to be used] for combat.	[109v] Die agsten zu dem kampff
	[16] This is an axe [to be used] for combat, if one lays out [the individual] parts.	[110r] dis ist ain agst zu dem kampff legt man zu stucken
	[17] The axe [to be used] for combat.	die agst zu dem kampff

Illustrations	Complete Translation by Rebecca Garber	Archetype (1459) [edit] by Dieter Bachmann
	[1]	[117v] [No text]
	[2]	[118r] [No text]
	[3]	[118v] [No text]
	[4] The correct combative stance against two [opponents].	[119r] der recht not stand gen zwainen
	[5]	[119v] [No text]
	[6]	[120r] [No text]
	[7]	[120v] [No text]
	[8]	[121r] [No text]
	[9]	[121v] [No text]
	[10]	[122r] [No text]
	[11]	[122v] [No text]
	[12]	[123r] [No text]
	[13]	[123v] [No text]

Complete Translation by Cory Winslow	Archetype (1467) [edit] by Gustav Hergsell	Kassel Version (1600s) [edit]	Munich Version (1820) [edit]
[1] Upper-hew.	[2r] Oberhow.	[083r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 083r.png	[1r] Page:Cod.icon.394 1r.png
[2] Lower-hew.	Vnderhow.
[3] Plunging-hew.	[2v] Sturtzhow.	[084r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 084r.png	[2r] Page:Cod.icon.394 2r.png
[4] Changing-hew.	Wechsselhow.
[5] Threaten him with the Wrath-point.	[3r] Zorn ortt Im dröw.	[085r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 085r.png	[3r] Page:Cod.icon.394 3r.png
[6] Yet another Upper-hew.	Aber oberhout.
[7] The long Wrath-point.	[3v] Das lang Zorn ortt.	[086r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 086r.png	[4r] Page:Cod.icon.394 4r.png
[8] Therefore is the Crossed-point.	Darfür ist das geschrenckt ortt.
[9] The free hew From the roof.	[4r] Der fry How von Tach.	[087r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 087r.png	[5r] Page:Cod.icon.394 5r.png
[10] Therefrom the neck-blow make.	Dams das Halsfahen mach.
[11] On the lower opening.	[4v] Am vnderen blosz.	[088r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 088r.png	[6r] Page:Cod.icon.394 6r.png
[12] Also on the lower opening.	ouch am vnderen blasz.
[13] A sword taking.	[5r] Ain Schwert niemen.	[089r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 089r.png	[7r] Page:Cod.icon.394 7r.png
[14] A to-laying or before-coming.	[5v] Ain zu legen oder eekomen.	[090r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 090r.png	[8r] Page:Cod.icon.394 8r.png
[15] Left goes right that must fence strongly.	[6r] Linck gen rechten das must Starck vechten.	[091r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 091r.png	[9r] Page:Cod.icon.394 9r.png
[16] A free point.	[6v] Ain fryes ortt.	[092r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 092r.png	[10r] Page:Cod.icon.394 10r.png
[17] The whipping.	Das gayszlen.
[18] From the binding-on, away-thrusting and grasping behind the elbow.	[7r] Vsz dem anbinden hinvegstoszen hinter dem Elbogen vassen.	[093r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 093r.png	[11r] Page:Cod.icon.394 11r.png
[19] With the free point running-in and stepping in the stomach.	[7v] Mit dem fryen ortt Inlouffen vnd Tretten In den buch.	[094r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 094r.png	[12r] Page:Cod.icon.394 12r.png
[20] Two upper points.	[8r] Zwey ober ortt.	[095r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 095r.png	[13r] Page:Cod.icon.394 13r.png
[21] The two lower openings.	[8v] Die zwo vnderen blosz.	[096r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 096r.png	[14r] Page:Cod.icon.394 14r.png
[22] The way-binding or behind-binding.	[9r] Das wegbinden oder Hinder binden.	[097r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 097r.png	[15r] Page:Cod.icon.394 15r.png
[23] The attacking over the Iron Gate.	[9v] Das gryffen über die Iszny Portt.	[098r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 098r.png	[16r] Page:Cod.icon.394 16r.png
[24] The Iron Gate.	Die yszni Port.
[25] The Upper-hew given up and striking to the arm.	[10r] Den Oberhaw erliegen vnd In die arm slahen.	[099r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 099r.png	[17r] Page:Cod.icon.394 17r.png
[26] He has made the crossed point.	[10v] Der das geschrenckt ortt macht.	[100r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 100r.png	[18r] Page:Cod.icon.394 18r.png
[27] He hews from the roof.	Der hout von tach.
[28] Crooked onto nimbly.	[11r] Krum vff behend	[101r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 101r.png	[19r] Page:Cod.icon.394 19r.png
[29] The point turn against.	das ort wider wend.
[30] Here is the Crooked completed.	[11v] Hie ist die krum volbracht.	[102r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 102r.png	[20r] Page:Cod.icon.394 20r.png
[31] He attacks after the lower opening.	[12r] Der gryfft nach der vnderen blosz	[103r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 103r.png	[21r] Page:Cod.icon.394 21r.png
[32] He slices from above therein.	der schnit von oben daryn.
[33] The work in the war.	[12v] Die arbeit Im krieg.	[104r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 104r.png	[22r] Page:Cod.icon.394 22r.png
[34] The crossed weak.	[13r] Die geschrenckt schwechin.	[105r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 105r.png	[23r] Page:Cod.icon.394 23r.png
[35] He stands in the guard.	Der stat in der Hut.
[36] A falling-over.	[13v] Ain überfallen.	[106r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 106r.png	[24r] Page:Cod.icon.394 24r.png
[37] Both stand in the guard.	[14r] Stand beid In der Hut.	[107r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 107r.png	[25r] Page:Cod.icon.394 25r.png
[38] An armed falling-in and sword taking.	[14v] Ain gewauppet Infallen vnd swert niemen.	[108r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 108r.png	[26r] Page:Cod.icon.394 26r.png
[39] He stands freely with the point.	[15r] Der staut fry Im ort.	[110r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 110r.png	[27r] Page:Cod.icon.394 27r.png
[40] He hews left over the point.	Der hout linck über das ort.
[41] From the Upper-hew, falling in the armed point.	[15v] Vsz dem oberhow geuallen In das gewauppet ort.	[109v] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 109v.png	[28r] Page:Cod.icon.394 28r.png
[42] From the binding-on, gripping-over and throwing.	[16r] Vsz den anbinden übergryffen vnd werfen.	[112v] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 112v.png	[29r] Page:Cod.icon.394 29r.png
[43] From the binding-on, yet another grabbing with force.	[16v] Vsz den anbinden uber ain vahen mit gewalt. 1467	[111v] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 111v.png	[30r] Page:Cod.icon.394 30r.png
[44] From the binding-on, falling in the lower point.	[17r] Vsz den anbinden geuallen In die vndere ort.	[114v] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 114v.png	[31r] Page:Cod.icon.394 31r.png
[45] From the binding-on, thrusting away by the elbow.	[17v] Vsz dem anbinden stossen hinweg by den Elbogen.	[113v] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 113v.png	[32r] Page:Cod.icon.394 32r.png
[46] The murder-blow.	[18r] Der mortschlag.	[115r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 115r.png	[33r] Page:Cod.icon.394 33r.png
[47] The throw from the murder-blow.	[18v] Der wurff vsz dem ortschlag.	[116r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 116r.png	[34r] Page:Cod.icon.394 34r.png
[48] From the free hew, falling in the armed point.	[19r] Vsz dem fryen How geuallen In das gewauppet ort.	[117r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 117r.png	[35r] Page:Cod.icon.394 35r.png
[49] From the Squinter, falling in the armed point.	[19v] Vsz dem schilher geuallen In das gewauppet ort.	[118r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 118r.png	[36r] Page:Cod.icon.394 36r.png
[50] From the thunder-blow, a throw.	[20r] Vsz dem Tunrschlag Ain werffen.	[119r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 119r.png	[37r] Page:Cod.icon.394 37r.png
[51] From the thunder-blow, a wrenching.	Vsz dem dunrschlag ain Ryszen.
[52] After the wrenching the thrust in the face.	[20v] Nach dem Ryszen der stos In das antlitz.	[120r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 120r.png	[38r] Page:Cod.icon.394 38r.png
[53] The fire-tongs.^[84]	[21r] Bas brentschirn.	[121r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 121r.png	[39r] Page:Cod.icon.394 39r.png
[54] Or the binding-on with the shortened sword.	Oder das anbinden Im kurtzen Schwert.
[55] From the binding-on with the shortened sword.	[21v] Vsz dem anbinden Im kurtzen schwert	[122r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 122r.png	[40r] Page:Cod.icon.394 40r.png
[56] From the burn-sheers, a leaning onto the elbow.	[22r] Vsz dem brentschüren ein leinen^[85] vff den Elbogen.	[123r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 123r.png	[41r] Page:Cod.icon.394 41r.png
[57] A necessary-stance for the stab above and below.	[22v] Ain Notstand für den Stich oben vnd vnden.	[124r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 124r.png	[42r] Page:Cod.icon.394 42r.png
[58] A pressing, therefrom working.	[23r] Ain gedreng darus Arbaiten.	[125r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 125r.png	[43r] Page:Cod.icon.394 43r.png
[59] A tacking of his glove.^[86]	[23v] Ain hefften In Hentschuch.	[126r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 126r.png	[44r] Page:Cod.icon.394 44r.png
[60] A tacking of his foot.	[24r] Ain Hefften In fus.	[127r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 127r.png	[45r] Page:Cod.icon.394 45r.png
[61] From binding-on, a wrenching by the knee hollow.	[24v] Vom anbinden ain Hyszen by der knüw kelen.	[128r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 128r.png	[46r] Page:Cod.icon.394 46r.png
[62] The made-up murder-strike and blow to the shank.	[25r] Den mordstraich erlogen vnd schlahen In den schenckel.	[129r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 129r.png	[47r] Page:Cod.icon.394 47r.png
[63] From the binding-on, a throat-wrenching.	[25v] Vsz dem anbinden ain Halssryszen.	[130r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 130r.png	[48r] Page:Cod.icon.394 48r.png
[64] Here have they gripped the sword.	[26r] Hie hand sie die swert begriffen.	[131r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 131r.png	[49r] Page:Cod.icon.394 49r.png
[65] A sword taking.	[26v] Ain Schwert niemen.	[132r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 132r.png	[50r] Page:Cod.icon.394 50r.png
[66] Sword changing.	[27r] Schwert wechszlen.	[133r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 133r.png	[51r] Page:Cod.icon.394 51r.png
[67] Yet another searching.	[27v] Aber ain suchen.	[134r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 134r.png	[52r] Page:Cod.icon.394 52r.png
[68] He will thrust and wrench.	Der wil stossen vnd Ryszen.
[69] Here is the murder-strike displaced, and he wrenches him by the neck.	[28r] Hie ist der mordtstraich versetzt vnd ryszt In by dem Hals.	[135r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 135r.png	[53r] Page:Cod.icon.394 53r.png
[70] From the burn-sheers, a lock-in.	[28v] Vsz dem brentschiren ain ynschlieszenn.	[136r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 136r.png	[54r] Page:Cod.icon.394 54r.png
[71] From the sword grasping, then throw both from you and end-well.	[29r] Vsz dem swert vassen so würffs baide von dir vnd vollend.	[137r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 137r.png	[55r] Page:Cod.icon.394 55r.png
[72] From the murder-strike, the turning around.	[29v] Vom dem mordtstraich das vmb keren.	[138r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 138r.png	[56r] Page:Cod.icon.394 56r.png
[73] The break over the around-turn.	[30r] Der Bruch über das vmkern.	[139r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 139r.png	[57r] Page:Cod.icon.394 57r.png
[74] From the murder-strike, of him running and thrusting and again hitting and wrenching.	[30v] Vsz dem Mordtstreich von Im louffen vnd stoszen vnd wider schlahen vnd ryszen.	[140r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 140r.png	[58r] Page:Cod.icon.394 58r.png
[75] From the sword gripping, slipping through.	[31r] Vsz dem swert begryffen durch schlupffen.	[141r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 141r.png	[59r] Page:Cod.icon.394 59r.png
[76] From the burn-sheers, a lock and throw.	[31v] Vsz den brentschürn ain schlieszen vnd werffen.	[142r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 142r.png	[60r] Page:Cod.icon.394 60r.png
[77] He stands for stab and strike.	[32r] Der staut für stich vnd Straich.	[143r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 143r.png	[61r] Page:Cod.icon.394 61r.png
[78] He stands reversed for stab and strike.	Der staut verkert für Stich vnd Streich.
[79] Yet another sword taking.	[32v] Aber ain schwert niemen.	[144r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 144r.png	[62r] Page:Cod.icon.394 62r.png
[80] He wants to hit.	[33r] Der will schlahenn.	[145r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 145r.png	[63r] Page:Cod.icon.394 63r.png
[81] A running-in.	Ain Inlouffen.
[82] From the running-in, the throw.	[33v] Vsz dem Inlouffen der wurff.	[146r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 146r.png	[64r] Page:Cod.icon.394 64r.png
[83] The throw is completed.	[34r] Der wurff Ist volbracht.	[148v] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 148v.png	[65r] Page:Cod.icon.394 65r.png
[84] For the stab and wrenching his arm.	[34v] Für den stich vnd rysen In Arm.	[147v] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 147v.png	[66r] Page:Cod.icon.394 66r.png
[85] And with stepping-before and thrusting in the face.	[35r] Vnd mit fürtretten vnd stossen In das antlitz.	[149r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 149r.png	[67r] Page:Cod.icon.394 67r.png

Complete Translation by Cory Winslow	Archetype (1467) [edit] by Gustav Hergsell	Kassel Version (1600s) [edit]	Munich Version (1820) [edit]
[1] Here he goes in the barrier.	[35v] Hie gat er In den schrancken.	[150r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 150r.png	[68r] Page:Cod.icon.394 68r.png
[2] He carries in his procession before.	Der tregt Im sin Zug vor.
[3] Here they both sit in the barrier and wait for the occasion and have both their coffins behind them and their grit-wardens before them.	[36r] Hie sitzent sie beid Im, schrancken vnd wartent des anlas vnd hat yeder sin bär hinder Im und sin grieswarten vor Im.	[151r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 151r.png	[69r] Page:Cod.icon.394 69r.png
[4] Here they are beginning, and he stands in the displacement for the shoot.	[36v] Hie sint sie angelauszen vnd stat der in der versatzung für den schütz.	[152r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 152r.png	[70r] Page:Cod.icon.394 70r.png
[5] He will shoot with the spear.	Der will schiessen mit dem spies.
[6] He has shot.	[37r] Der hat geschossen.	[153r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 153r.png	[71r] Page:Cod.icon.394 71r.png
[7] The shot is displaced.	Der schusz ist versetzt.
[8] The displacement for the blow.	[37v] Das versetzen für den schlag.	[154r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 154r.png	[72r] Page:Cod.icon.394 72r.png
[9] He runs-on with the murder-blow.	Der anlouff mit dem Mordtschlag.
[10] From the displacement, thrusting away.	[38r] Usz der versatzung hinweg stossen.	[155r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 155r.png	[73r] Page:Cod.icon.394 73r.png
[11] He has completed the strike.	Der haut den straich volbracht.
[12] And before-stepping and throwing over the shank.	[38v] Vnd fürtreten vnd werffen über den schenckel.	[156r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 156r.png	[74r] Page:Cod.icon.394 74r.png
[13] A break for a free blow, displace armed and grip-over the man and fall onto the stepping foot.	[39r] Ain bruch für ain fryen schlag versetz gewaubet vnd uhergryff den man vnd fall vff den dritten fus.	[157r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 157r.png	[75r] Page:Cod.icon.394 75r.png
[14] Piece and break.	[39v] Stuck und bruch.	[158r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 158r.png	[76r] Page:Cod.icon.394 76r.png
[15] The uncertain-stab.	[40r] Der Zwyuelstich.	[159r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 159r.png	[77r] Page:Cod.icon.394 77r.png
[16] He is in the necessary correct stance.	Der recht stand in der Nott.
[17] He wants to work.	Der wil arbeiten.
[18] He stands in his advantage without danger.	Der stat In sin vorteil on gewer.
[19] There they wrestle around the sword.	[40v] Da Ringen sie umb das swert.	[160r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 160r.png	[78r] Page:Cod.icon.394 78r.png
[20] Here he has hit, and the other displaces and makes and end.	Hie hat der geschlagen und der ander versetzt und macht ain end.

Complete Translation by Cory Winslow	Archetype (1467) [edit] by Gustav Hergsell	Kassel Version (1600s) [edit]	Munich Version (1820) [edit]
[1] The first binding-on with the axe.	[41r] Das erst anbinden mit der axst.	[161r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 161r.png	[79r] Page:Cod.icon.394 79r.png
[2] From the binding-on, he has made him defenseless.	[41v] Vsz dem anbinden Hat er In werlousz gemacht.	[162r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 162r.png	[80r] Page:Cod.icon.394 80r.png
[3] He will freely hit.	[42r] Der will fry schlahen.	[163r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 163r.png	[81r] Page:Cod.icon.394 81r.png
[4] He will bind him behind and make him defenseless and help his blow away.	Der will In hinder binden vnd In werlousz machen vnd sin schlag hinweg helffen.
[5] Here he has helped the blow away, and the technique is completed.	[42v] Hie hat er dem schlag hinweg geholffen, vnd ist das stuck volbraucht.	[164r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 164r.png	[82r] Page:Cod.icon.394 82r.png
[6] The displaced made-up strike, and wrenching therefrom.	[43r] Der erlogen straich versetzet vnd darns geryssen.	[165r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 165r.png	[83r] Page:Cod.icon.394 83r.png
[7] As they both hit from the roof, from the binding on he then falls around his neck and wrenches him.	[43v] Als sie baid geschlagen hand von tach vsz dem anbinden so felt er Im vmb den Hals vnd ryszt In.	[166r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 166r.png	[84r] Page:Cod.icon.394 84r.png
[8] In the wrenching he steps in-after and grips him by the neck and throws him over the hip.	[44r] In dem Ryszen dritt der hinach vnd ergrifft In by dem Hals vnnd wurfft In über die Hüfften.	[167r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 167r.png	[85r] Page:Cod.icon.394 85r.png
[9] From the binding-on they have come to wrestling, and he has from the Knave throw thrown him.	[44v] Vsz dem anbinden sint sie zu Ringen komen vnd hat In vsz dem buben wurff geworffen.		[86r] Page:Cod.icon.394 86r.png
[10] From the free strike and binding-on has he over-gripped, and will throw him.	[45r] Vsz dem fryen schlag vnd anbinden hat er In übergriffen, vnd will In werffen.	[168r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 168r.png	[87r] Page:Cod.icon.394 87r.png
[11] He has hit.	[45v] Der hat geslagen.	[172r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 172r.png	[88r] Page:Cod.icon.394 88r.png
[12] Here he displaces with the shaft and will work.	Hie versetzt der mit dem schafft vnd will arbeiten.
[13] Here he is stepping-before and completes the piece.	[46r] Hie ist er furtreten vnd das stuck volbracht.	[170r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 170r.png	[89r] Page:Cod.icon.394 89r.png
[14] He has hit to him after the foot.	[46v] Der hat geschlagen dem nach den füszen.	[171r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 171r.png	[90r] Page:Cod.icon.394 90r.png
[15] He has displaced the blow and wants to again work.	Der hat den schlag versetzt vnd will wyter arbaiten.
[16] From the displacement he hits him on the neck and will wrench.	[47r] Vsz der versatzung schlecht er In an Hals vnd will Ryszen.	[169r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 169r.png	[91r] Page:Cod.icon.394 91r.png
[17] Here has he displaced the stab and hit him around the neck and will wrench.	[47v] Hie hat der den stich versetzt vnd schlecht In vmb den Hals vnd will ryszen.	[173r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 173r.png	[92r] Page:Cod.icon.394 92r.png
[18] He has stabbed.	Der hat gestochen.
[19] Here he makes the break and they wrench around the axe.	[48r] Hie macht der den bruch vnd ryszen sie sich vmb die agst.	[174r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 174r.png	[93r] Page:Cod.icon.394 93r.png
[20] There is the piece completed and he throws him over the shank.	[48v] Da ist das stuck volbracht vnd würfft In über den schenckel.	[175r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 175r.png	[94r] Page:Cod.icon.394 94r.png
[21] From the binding-on, he falls in with the axe behind the elbow and shoves him away.	[49r] Vsz den anbinden felt er Im mit der agst hinder den Elbogen vnd schubt In hinweg.	[176r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 176r.png	[95r] Page:Cod.icon.394 95r.png
[22] There he turns completely around and makes the break over the before-named piece.	[49v] Da lat er sich gar vmb kern vnd macht den bruch über das vorgenant stuck.	[177r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 177r.png	[96r] Page:Cod.icon.394 96r.png
[23] Yet another occasion.	[50r] Aber ain anlasz.	[178r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 178r.png	[97r] Page:Cod.icon.394 97r.png
[24] Here he will distress with stabbing and hitting.	Hie will der den nöten mit stichen vnd schlahen.
[25] Here he has displaced the stab and will wrench.	[50v] Hie hat der den stich versetzt vnd will ryszen.	[179r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 179r.png	[98r] Page:Cod.icon.394 98r.png
[26] A behind-binding.	[51r] Ain Hinderbinden.	[180r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 180r.png	[99r] Page:Cod.icon.394 99r.png
[27] He waits for the blow from the roof.	[51v] Der wartet des schlags von Tach.	[181r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 181r.png	[100r] Page:Cod.icon.394 100r.png
[28] He will hit with power.	Der wyl mit macht Schlahen.
[29] Here he has displaced the blow and thrusts him from him.	[52r] Hie hat der den schlag versetzt vnd stotzt In von Im.	[182r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 182r.png	[101r] Page:Cod.icon.394 101r.png
[30] He has given my weak in his strong and thrust me from him.	Der hat mir Tschwech In Sterck geben vnd mich von Im gestossen.
[31] Here am I come from my advantage.	[52v] Hie hin ich von mynem vortail Komen.	[183r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 183r.png	[102r] Page:Cod.icon.394 102r.png
[32] As he has thrust him, so he hit in the axe on the neck and threw him on the back.	Als er In gestossen hatt so schlecht er Im die agst an Halsz vnd würfft In an den Rucken.
[33] Here he makes an end-piece with him and stabs him to death.	[53r] Hie machet er ain endstuck mit Im vnd Sticht In zu tod.	[184r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 184r.png	[103r] Page:Cod.icon.394 103r.png

Difference between revisions of "Hans Talhoffer"

Latest revision as of 03:38, 12 July 2024

Contents

Treatises

First Manuscript (1448)

Preface and Sword Dance

Longshield Dueling

Armored Dueling

Poleax

Dagger

Grappling

Warbook

Königsegg Treatise (1446-59)

Preface

Equipment

Armored Fencing

Dagger

Grappling

Staff Weapons

Mounted Fencing

Sword and Buckler

Flail

Longshield

Personal Manuscript (1459)

Opening

Rules for dueling

Grappling

Dagger

Poleaxe

Mixed Weapons

Duel between a man and a woman

Armored fencing

Mounted fencing

Longshield

Talhoffer's owner's mark

Equipment for dueling

Sword and buckler

Closing

Württemberg Treatise (1467)

Long Sword

Armored Fencing

Pole Weapons

Longshield

Dagger

Grappling

Messer

Sword and Buckler

Duel Between a Man and a Woman

Mounted Fencing

Copyright and License Summary

Additional Resources

References

Navigation menu

Search

Complete Translation by Cory Winslow	Archetype (1467) [edit] by Gustav Hergsell	Kassel Version (1600s) [edit]	Munich Version (1820) [edit]
[1] Here begins the Messer. God please do not forget us.	[113r] Hie Facht an das Messer. Gott Wöll unnser nit Vergessen.	[302r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 302r.png	[221r] Page:Cod.icon.394 221r.png
[2] He will hew from the roof.	Der wyl howen von Tach.
[3] So he will he displace the hew with might.	So wyl der Im den how versetzen mit macht.
[4] He has his hew completed.	[113v] Der hat sin how volbracht.	[303r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 303r.png	[222r] Page:Cod.icon.394 222r.png
[5] He has displaced the blow and will over-grip him.	Der hatt den schlag versetzt vnd wyl In übergryffen.
[6] Here has he over-gripped him and hewed him through the head and the before described piece has an end.	[114r] Hie hatt er In übergryffen vnd howt In durch den kopff vnd hat das vor geschriben Stuck ain end.	[304r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 304r.png	[223r] Page:Cod.icon.394 223r.png
[7] He hews freely from the roof.	[114v] Der howt Fry von dach.	[305r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 305r.png	[224r] Page:Cod.icon.394 224r.png
[8] He has displaced with turned hand and will step before and wrench.	Der hatt versetzt mit gewenter hand vnd wyl für tretten vnd Ryssen.
[9] Here has he before stepped and wrenched with the messer. The thrust to the elbow shall one not forget.	[115r] Hie hatt er für getretten vnd Ryszt mit dem messer. des stosz zu der Elbogen sol man nit vergessen.	[306r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 306r.png	[225r] Page:Cod.icon.394 225r.png
[10] He had run-in in wrath and had wished to hew him through the head.	[115v] Der hatt den angeloffen In Zorn vnd hatt In wöllen howen durch den kopff.	[307r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 307r.png	[226r] Page:Cod.icon.394 226r.png
[11] So has he displaced below up with might, and in his drawing-up has he his hand off-hewn.	So hatt der versetzt vnden vff mit macht vnd In sinem vffziehen hat er Im sin hand abgehowen.
[12] Here steps he before and strikes him well down to death.	[116r] Hie Tryt er für vnd Slecht In gar Nider zu tod.	[308r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 308r.png	[227r] Page:Cod.icon.394 227r.png
[13] So has he displaced and has him over-gripped with the arm, and thrusts the messer in him.	[116v] So hatt der Im versetzt vnd hatt In übergryffen mit dem Arm vnd stoszt messer In In.	[309r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 309r.png	[228r] Page:Cod.icon.394 228r.png
[14] He has hewn from the roof on the man.	Der hatt gehowen von Tach vff den man.

Complete Translation by Cory Winslow	Archetype (1467) [edit] by Gustav Hergsell	Kassel Version (1600s) [edit]	Munich Version (1820) [edit]
[1] These are the two free stances with the buckler and with the messer.	[117r] Das sind die Zwen fryen Stend mit dem buckeller vnd mit dem Messer.	[310r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 310r.png	[229r] Page:Cod.icon.394 229r.png
[2] Here has he displaced with the buckler and messer. The over-gripping shall he not forget.	[117v] Hie hatt der versetzt mit dem Buckeller vnd messer. des übergryffens sol er nit vergessen.	[311r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 311r.png	[230r] Page:Cod.icon.394 230r.png
[3] He has hewn then in his displacement.	Der hatt gehowen dem In sin versatzung.
[4] As he has on me hewn, so have I displaced him, and from the displacement over-gripped and hewn him through the head.	[118r] Als der vff mich hatt gehowen So hab ich Im versetzt vnd vsz der versatzung übergryffen vnd how Im durch den kopff.	[312r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 312r.png	[231r] Page:Cod.icon.394 231r.png
[5] There has he displaced him and thrust him from him and wrenched with the messer.	[118v] Da hatt der Im versetzt vnd Stoszt In von Im vnd Ryszt mit dem messer.	[313r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 313r.png	[232r] Page:Cod.icon.394 232r.png
[6] As he has thrust him from him, so he well-ends the piece and thrusts the sword through him.	[119r] Als er In von Im gestossen hatt So volendet er das stuck vnd Stoszt das schwert durch In.	[314r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 314r.png	[233r] Page:Cod.icon.394 233r.png
[7] Yet he hews from the roof.	[119v] Aber howt der von Tach.	[315r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 315r.png	[234r] Page:Cod.icon.394 234r.png
[8] Here has he displaced freely and runs him thereby in.	Hie hatt der versetzt fry vnd loufft Im daby Inn.
[9] Here is he in-run and has the sword through him stabbed.	[120r] Hie Ist Im der Ingeloffen vnd hat das Swert durch In gestochen.	[317r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 317r.png	[235r] Page:Cod.icon.394 235r.png
[10] He stands for the stab.	[120v] Der statt für den Stich.	[316r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 316r.png	[236r] Page:Cod.icon.394 236r.png
[11] He will stab him.	Der Wyl In stechen.
[12] As he has stabbed, so he hews him in his arm. The upper hew is also good for the stab.	[121r] Als der gestochen hatt So hott Im der In Sinen Arm der ober how ist och gutt für den stich.	[318r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 318r.png	[237r] Page:Cod.icon.394 237r.png
[13] This is the necessary-stance when two are against one.	[121v] Das Ist der Notstand wen zwen über nin Sind.	[319r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 319r.png	[238r] Page:Cod.icon.394 238r.png
[14] Here will I on him hew.	Hie wyl ich vff In howen.
[15] There he displaces with turned hand and becomes himself turned and hews to the behind.	Da versetzt der mit Eppicher hand vnd wirt sich wenden vnd howen zu dem hindn.
[16] Here will he also hew.	Hie wyl der och howen.
[17] There he displaces with the dagger and buckler.	Da versetzt er mit dem tegen vnd buckeller.
[18] In turning so he hews him through the head, so he falls on behind, so he locks him also.	[122r] Im wenden so howt er In durch den kopff So fellten der hinder an So beschlüszt er In och.	[320r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 320r.png	[239r] Page:Cod.icon.394 239r.png

Complete Translation by Mark Rector	Archetype (1467) [edit] by Gustav Hergsell	Kassel Version (1600s) [edit]	Munich Version (1820) [edit]
[1] From the "Rash Cut",^[92] thus this one means to displace with the stab.	[127r] Vsz dem über Illen So wyl der versetzen mit dem Stich.	[332r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 332r.png	[249r] Page:Cod.icon.394 249r.png
[2] This one springs at him and means to "Rash Cut" him.	Der Sprengt In an vnd wyl In über Illen.
[3] Thus, this one displaces with a wild and an inverted hand.	[127v] So hatt der versetzt mit epicher hand vnd wüst für (?).	[330r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 330r.png	[250r] Page:Cod.icon.394 250r.png
[4] As this one cuts.	Als der gehowen hatt.
[5] Here the piece is completed and he cuts him in the thigh.	[128r] Hie ist das stuck volbracht vnd hatt In gehowen In den schenckel.	[329r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 329r.png	[251r] Page:Cod.icon.394 251r.png
[6] In the onrush, thus this one traps his cut and twists his sword in his face.	[128v] In dem anrenen So facht der sinen how vnd wint Im Sin Swert In Sin antlit.	[334r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 334r.png	[252r] Page:Cod.icon.394 252r.png
[7] This one has cut.	Der hat gehowen.
[8] Here he displaces the blow and attacks him and wrenches the sword from him.	[129r] Hie hat er den schlag versetzt vnd über felt Im vnd ryszt das Swert von Im.	[333r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 333r.png	[253r] Page:Cod.icon.394 253r.png
[9] The sword captured in the high guard.	[129v] Das schwert Nemen vnderougen.	[336r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 336r.png	[254r] Page:Cod.icon.394 254r.png
[10] The sword captured in the rearwards guard.	[130r] Das Swert Nemen hinderwertz.	[335r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 335r.png	[255r] Page:Cod.icon.394 255r.png
[11] As this one cuts.	[130v] Als der halt gehowen.	[338r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 338r.png	[256r] Page:Cod.icon.394 256r.png
[12] This one displaces with an inverted hand and attacks him about the neck.	So hatt der Epich versetzt vnd Ist Im überfalen vmb den halsz.
[13] Here this one displaces openly and then means to attack.	[131r] Hie versetzt der Fry vnd wyl den überfalen.	[337r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 337r.png	[257r] Page:Cod.icon.394 257r.png
[14] This one cuts from above.	Der hat gehowen vom Tach.
[15] Here he cuts him down and completes the fore-described piece.	[131v] Hie ist er Im Ingefallen vnd das vorgeschriben Stuck volbracht.	[340r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 340r.png	[258r] Page:Cod.icon.394 258r.png
[16] Wrestling on horseback.	[132r] Das Ringen zu Rossz.	[339r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 339r.png	[259r] Page:Cod.icon.394 259r.png
[17] Here this one locks him up and grapples the "Underougen."	Hie hatt der In beschlossen vnd vber gryffen vnderougen.
[18] In this break against the fore-described lock, he draws his grapple and … him by the throat.	[132v] Der bruch vber Das vorgeschriben Schlosz hatt Im gezuckt Sin übergriffen vnd In by dem halsz.	[342r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 342r.png	[260r] Page:Cod.icon.394 260r.png
[19] Throwing the horse and the man.	[133r] Da würfft der Rossz vnd Man.	[341r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 341r.png	[261r] Page:Cod.icon.394 261r.png
[20] The grapple and the lockhold behind himself.	[133v] Das übergryffen vnd der beschlusz hinder sich.	[343r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 343r.png	[262r] Page:Cod.icon.394 262r.png
[21] This one grapples him backwards.	Der hatt den hinderwertz ergryffen.
[22] This one defends against the lance with the sword.	[134r] Der Entwert dem den Spiesz mit dem Schwertt.	[344r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 344r.png	[263r] Page:Cod.icon.394 263r.png
[23] Here the piece is completed, as it was described before.	[134v] Hie Ist das stuck volbracht als vorgeschriben statt.	[345r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 345r.png	[264r] Page:Cod.icon.394 264r.png
[24] The pursuer.	[135r] Die Illenden.	[346r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 346r.png	[265r] Page:Cod.icon.394 265r.png
[25] Just so should one behave in the flight with the crossbow.	Wie sich ainer halten sol In der flucht mit dem armprost.
[26] This one then means to run beneath the horse.	[135v] Der wyl den vnder das pfert Renen.	[347r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 347r.png	[266r] Page:Cod.icon.394 266r.png
[27] Here this one discharges, and then thrusts the lance at him, with the crossbow away, and grasps him about the throat.	Hie hatt der den geschossen vnd stoszt Im den Spiesz mit dem Armbrost hinweg vnd würt In ergryffen by dem halsz.
[28] Here this one means to receive the one on the right with the lance.	[136r] Hie wyl der den Recht empfahen mit dem Spiesz.	[348r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 348r.png	[267r] Page:Cod.icon.394 267r.png
[29] Just so should one with the lance behave against one with a crossbow.	Wie sich ainer halten sol mit dem Spiesz gegen ainem mit ainem Armbrost.
[30] Here the fore-described piece with the crossbow and lance is completed and he grasps him about the throat.	[136v] Hie ist das vor geschriben Stuck mit dem Armbrost vnd Spiesz volbracht vnd hatt In ergryffen by dem halsz.	[349r] Page:2° Ms.iurid. 29 349r.png	[268r] Page:Cod.icon.394 268r.png
[31] [Banner:] This book is bestowed and admittedly drawn by Hans Talhoffer.	[Banner:] Das buch hatt angeben hans talhoffer vnd gestanden zu Mallen.