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| {{red|Crooked not, hew short;<br/>Show changing-through therewith.}}
 
| {{red|Crooked not, hew short;<br/>Show changing-through therewith.}}
 
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<p>This is a counter against the guard of the Ox, drive it thus: when you go to the man with the pre-fencing, if he then stands in the guard and holds his sword on his left side before the head, then throw your sword on your right shoulder and do as if you will bind on his sword with the Crooked-hew, and hew short and change through below therewith, and shoot the point long in to the other side to the opening, so he must parry. Therewith you come to strikes (and to other work with the sword).</p>
+
<p>This is a counter against the guard of the Ox, drive it thus: when you come<ref>A., M., S. "go"</ref> to the man with the pre-fencing, if he then stands in the guard and holds his sword on his left side before the head, then throw your sword on your right shoulder<ref>"the head, then throw your sword on" omitted from Mair. This is probably a scribal error, jumping from ''dem'' to ''dein''.</ref> and do as if you will bind on his sword with the Crooked-hew, and hew short and change through below therewith, and shoot the point long in to the other side to the opening, so he must parry. Therewith you come to strikes (and to other work with the sword).</p>
 
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| <p>[102] '''Item, yet another<ref name="word-s"/> wrestling.'''</p>
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| <p>[102] '''Item, yet another<ref>S., R. "a"</ref> wrestling.'''</p>
  
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<p>When he runs in on you and is high with the arms, and you also, then you shall hold your sword in your right hand and then thrust his arm from you therewith, and spring with the left foot behind his right, and drive with the left arm below through before his breast, in his left side, and grasp him on your left hip and throw him behind you. Drive these two wrestlings also to both sides, etc.</p>
+
<p>When he runs in on you and is high with the arms, and you also, then you shall hold your sword in your right hand and then<ref name="word-sr"/> thrust his arm from you therewith, and spring with the left foot behind his right,<ref>M. "rightful"</ref> and drive with the left arm below through before his breast, in his left side, and grasp him on your left hip and throw him behind you. Drive these two wrestlings also to both sides, etc.</p>
 
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| <p>[103] Mark, when he runs into you with the sword, and holds his arms low so that you may not run through him, then drive this wrestling as hereafter described.</p>
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| <p>[103] Mark, when he runs into you with the<ref name="word-s"/> sword, and holds his arms low so that you may not<ref>Word doubled in Mair.</ref> run through him, then drive this wrestling as hereafter described.</p>
 
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| {{section|Page:Cod.I.6.4º.3 043r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
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| <p>[105] '''Item, yet another wrestling.'''</p>
 
| <p>[105] '''Item, yet another wrestling.'''</p>
  
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<p>When he runs in on you with the sword and is low with the hands, then release your left hand ahead from the sword, and with the right drive in with the pommel outside over his right hand, and press down therewith, and grasp him with the left hand by the right elbow, and spring with the left foot before his right, and press him thus over.</p>
+
<p>When he runs in on you with the sword and is low with the hands, then release your left hand ahead from the sword, and with the right drive in<ref name="word-s"/> with the pommel outside over his right hand, and press down therewith, and grasp him with the left hand by the right elbow, and spring with the left foot before his right, and press him thus over.</p>
 
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| <p>[107] '''Item, yet another wrestling.'''</p>
 
| <p>[107] '''Item, yet another wrestling.'''</p>
  
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<p>When he runs in on you with the sword, then let your sword fall, and invert your right hand and grip his right outwardly therewith, and with the left grasp him by the right elbow, and spring with the left foot before his right, and thrust his right hand over your left with the right arm,<ref>"and thrust... the right" omitted from the Augsburg. This omission is probably a scribal error, jumping to the second instance of ''siner rechte~''.</ref> and lift him upwards therewith. Thus he is locked, and you may thus break the arm or throw [him] before you over the left leg.</p>
+
<p>When he runs in on you with the sword, then let your sword fall, and invert your right hand and grip his right<ref>M. "rightful"</ref> outwardly therewith, and with the left hand<ref hand="word-asr"/> grasp him by the right elbow, and spring with the left foot before his right, and thrust his right hand over your left with the right arm,<ref>"and thrust... the right" omitted from the Augsburg and Mair. This omission is probably a scribal error, jumping to the second instance of ''siner rechte~''.</ref> and lift him upwards therewith. Thus he is locked, and you may thus break the arm or<ref>R. "but"</ref> throw [him] before you over the left leg.</p>
 
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| {{red|Slice off the hard ones<br/>From below in both drivings.}}
 
| {{red|Slice off the hard ones<br/>From below in both drivings.}}
 
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<p>{{blue|That is a counter against the over-binding of your sword, drive that thus. When you fight to him from Under-hews, or from the Strife Hewing, or you lie against him in the guard that is called the Fool, if he falls then with the sword on yours before you then come up with the sword; then remain below on the sword and lift with the short edge fast upwards. If he then presses down fast, then slash below behind you with the sword on his sword's blade, off from his sword, and hew on the sword again quickly into his face, etc.}}</p>
+
<p>{{blue|That is a counter against the over-binding<ref>S., M., R. "over-winding"</ref> of your sword, drive that thus. When you fight to him from Under-hews, or from the Strife Hewing, or you lie against him in the guard that is called the<ref name="word-r"/> Fool, if he falls then with the sword on yours before you then come up with the sword; then remain below on the sword and lift with the short edge fast upwards. If he then presses down fast, then slash below behind<ref name="word-s"/> you with the sword on his sword's blade, off from his sword, and hew on the sword again quickly into his face, etc.}}</p>
 
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| <p>[109] '''Item, another.'''<ref>S. "Another wrestling".</ref></p>
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| <p>[109] '''Item, another.'''<ref>S., R. "Another wrestling".</ref></p>
  
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<p>When you fight to his body<ref>A. "him".</ref> with Under-hewing, or lie in the guard Fool, if he then<ref name="word-s"/> falls with the sword on yours near by the hilt so that his point goes out to your<ref>A. "his".</ref> right side, then drive quickly up with the pommel over his sword, and strike him with the long edge to the head. Or, if he binds on your sword to your left side, then drive agilely up with the pommel over his sword and strike him with the short edge to the head. And that is called the Snapping or the Speeding, etc.</p>
+
<p>When you fight to his body<ref>A., M. "him".</ref> with Under-hewing, or lie in the guard Fool, if he then<ref name="word-sr"/> falls with the sword on yours near by the hilt so that his point goes out to your<ref>A. "his"; M. "the".</ref> right side, then drive quickly up with the pommel over his sword, and strike him with the long edge to the head. Or, if he binds on your sword to<ref>M. "on"</ref> your left side, then drive agilely up with the pommel over his sword and strike him with the short edge to the head. And that is called the Snapping or the Speeding, etc.</p>
 
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| {{red|Four are the Slices,<br/>Two below, with two above.}}
 
| {{red|Four are the Slices,<br/>Two below, with two above.}}
 
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<p>Item,<ref name="word-s"/> mark the Four Slices. The first are the two Overs that pertain to driving against the fencers that like striking around to the other side from the parrying or from the bind of the swords. And counter that<ref name="word-s"/> before with the slice thus: when he binds on your sword with the parrying or such to your left side, and strikes therewith quickly around with the Thwart<ref>S. "weapon".</ref> or such to your right side, then spring from the hew with the left foot on his<ref>S. "your".</ref> right side and fall in with the long edge above over both arms, and press with the slice from you. You shall drive that from both sides, always when he strikes around from the parrying, etc.</p>
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<p>Item,<ref name="word-sr"/> mark the Four Slices. The first are the two Overs that pertain to driving against the fencers that like striking around to the other side from the parrying or from the bind of the swords. And counter that<ref name="word-s"/> before with the slice thus: when he binds on your sword with the parrying or such to your left side, and strikes therewith quickly around with the Thwart<ref>S. "weapon".</ref> or such to your right side, then spring from the hew with the left foot on his<ref>S. "your".</ref> right side and fall in with the long edge above over both arms, and press with the slice from you. You shall drive that from both sides, always when he strikes around from the parrying, etc.</p>
 
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| <p>[111] Item, the two Under-slices pertain to driving against the fencers that run in with arms stretched up, and drive them thus: When he binds you on your sword, be it with parrying or such, if he then drives high up with the arms and runs in on you to your left side, then turn your sword so that your thumb comes below, with the long edge under his hilt in his arm, and press upward with the slice.</p>
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| <p>[111] Item, the two Under-slices pertain to driving against the fencers that run in with arms stretched up, and drive them thus: When he binds you on your sword, be it with parrying or such, if he then drives high up with the arms and runs in on you to your<ref>M. "with his"</ref> left side, then turn your sword so that your thumb comes below, with the long edge under his hilt in his arm, and press upward with the slice.</p>
 
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| {{red|Turn your edge,<br/>To escape, press your hands.}}
 
| {{red|Turn your edge,<br/>To escape, press your hands.}}
 
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<p>That is how you shall change from the Under-slices to the Over-slices, mark that thus. When he runs in on you to your left side with arms stretched up, then turn your sword with the long edge under his hilt in his arms, and press upwards fast, and step therewith on his right side, and Wind through below with the pommel, and come with the sword not<ref>A. "with".</ref> from his arms, and turn the sword from the Under-slice to the Over, over his arms with the long edge, etc.</p>
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<p>That is how you shall change from the Under-slices to the Over-slices, mark that thus. When he runs in on you to your left side with arms stretched up, then turn your sword with the long edge under his hilt in his arms, and press upwards fast, and step therewith on his right side, and Wind through below with the pommel, and come with the sword not<ref>A. "with".</ref> from his arms, and turn the sword from<ref>S. "on"</ref> the Under-slice to the Over, over his arms with the long edge, etc.</p>
 
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| {{red|In all driving<br/>Hew, stab, Leaguer, Soft or Hard.}}
 
| {{red|In all driving<br/>Hew, stab, Leaguer, Soft or Hard.}}
 
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<p>Know the Two Hangings from the earth, that is the Plow from both sides, therein you shall also have the Feeling in hewing, and in stabbing, and in the binds of the swords, if he is Soft or Hard therein, etc.</p>
+
<p>Know the Two Hangings from the earth, that is the Plow from both sides, therein you shall also have the Feeling in hewing, and<ref name="word-sr"/> in<ref name="word-am"/> stabbing, and in the binds of the swords, if he is Soft or Hard therein, etc.</p>
 
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| <p>[116] Also you shall know that you shall therefrom drive the Four Windings, and from each single Winding<ref>"and from each single Winding" omitted from the Salzburg.</ref> particularly a hew, a stab, and a slice, as from the upper Hangings.</p>
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| <p>[116] Also you shall know that you shall therefrom drive the Four Windings, and from each single Winding<ref name="word-m"/><ref>"and from each single Winding" omitted from the Salzburg. This is probably a scribal error, jumping to the second instance of ''winden''.</ref> particularly a hew, a stab, and a slice, as from the upper Hangings.<ref name="word-m"/></p>
 
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| {{red|If you have understood,<br/>He may not come to strikes.}}
 
| {{red|If you have understood,<br/>He may not come to strikes.}}
 
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<p>Item, mark, you have heard before how you shall position yourself before the man with the sword in the Four Guards. So you shall now know that the Speaking-Window is a guard wherein you may stand well, and the guard is the Long Point, that is the noblest and the<ref name="word-a"/> best ward with the sword. Who can fence correctly therefrom forces the man therewith so that he must allow striking without thinking, and may therefore not well come to strikes, etc.</p>
+
<p>Item,<ref name="word-sr"/> mark, you have heard before how you shall position yourself before the man with the sword in the Four Guards. So you shall now know that the Speaking-Window is a guard wherein you may stand well, and the guard is the Long Point, that is the noblest and the<ref name="word-am"/> best ward with the sword. Who can fence correctly therefrom forces the man therewith so that he must allow striking without thinking, and may therefore not well come to strikes, etc.</p>
 
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| <p>[118] Item, make the Speaking-Window thus: when you go to the man with the pre-fencing with whatever hew you then come on him, be it an Over or an Under-hew,<ref>S. "be it an Over-/Under-hew".</ref> then let the point always shoot-in long from the arms with the hew, to the face or the<ref name="word-s"/> breast. Therewith you force him so that he must parry or bind on, and when he has bound-on thus, then remain strong with the long edge on the sword, and stand freely and see his manner; what he will fence further. If he pulls backwards from the sword, then follow after him with the point to the face or the<ref name="word-s"/> breast. Or, if he strikes from the bind around to the other side, then slice him strongly over the arms, and work in above to the head. Or, if he will not pull off nor strike around, then work with the Doubling or such with other techniques thereafter, as you find if he is Strong or Weak on the sword, etc.</p>
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| <p>[118] Item, make the Speaking-Window thus: when you go to the man with the pre-fencing with whatever hew you then come on him, be it an Over or<ref name="word-r"/> an Under-hew,<ref>S. "be it Over-/Under-hew".</ref> then let the point always shoot-in long from the arms with the hew, to the face or the<ref name="word-sr"/> breast. Therewith you force him so that he must parry or bind on, and when he has bound-on thus, then remain strong with the long edge on the sword, and stand freely and see his manner; what he will fence further. If he pulls backwards from the sword, then follow after him with your<ref>A., S., R. "the"</ref> point to the face or the<ref name="word-s"/> breast. Or, if he strikes from the bind around to the other side, then slice him strongly over the arms, and work in<ref name="word-m"/> above to the head. Or, if he will not pull off nor strike around, then work with the Doubling or such with other techniques thereafter, as you find if he is Strong or Weak on the sword, etc.</p>
 
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| <p>[120] Item, I say truthfully that the Long Point is the best<ref>A. "noblest"</ref> ward on the sword, when therewith you compel the man that he must let you strike, and therefore to no strikes may come. Wherefore you shall drive the point in to the man with all hews, to the breast or to the face, and further therefrom drive stab and strike, etc...</p>
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| <p>[120] Item, I say truthfully that the Long Point is the noblest<ref name="word-sr"/> [and] best<ref name="word-am"/> ward on the sword, when therewith you compel the man that he must let you strike, and therefore to no strikes may come. Wherefore you shall drive the point in to the man with all hews, to the breast or to the face, and further therefrom drive stab and strike, etc...</p>
 
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| <p>[121] Item, mark that is also<ref name="word-s"/> called a Speaking-Window when you are<ref name="word-s"/> come close<ref name="word-s"/> to the man with the pre-fencing. Then set the left foot before, and hold the point long from the arms against the face or the breast ere when you bind him on the sword, and stand joyfully and see what he will fence against you. If he then hews in above, then drive up with the sword and Wind against his hew in the Ox, and stab him to the face. Or, if he hews to the sword and not to the body, then Change-through bravely and stab in to the other side. Or, if he runs in and is high with the arms, then drive the Under-slice; or if he is low with the arms, then await the wrestling. Thus you may drive all techniques from the arms, whichever is best, etc.</p>
+
| <p>[121] Item, mark that is also<ref name="word-sr"/> called a Speaking-Window when you are<ref name="word-s"/> come close<ref name="word-s"/> to the man with the pre-fencing. Then set the left foot before, and hold the point long from the arms against the face or the breast ere when you bind him on the sword, and stand joyfully and see what he will fence against you. If he then hews in above, then drive up with the sword and Wind against his hew in the Ox, and stab him to the face. Or, if he hews to the sword and not to the body, then Change-through<ref>R. "change"</ref> bravely and stab in to the other side. Or, if he runs in and is high with the arms, then drive the Under-slice; or if he is low with the arms, then await the wrestling. Thus you may drive all techniques from the arms, whichever is best, etc.</p>
 
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| <p>[122] {{red|b=1|The conclusion of the new epitome}}</p>
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| <p>[122] {{red|b=1|The conclusion of the new<ref>R. "correct"</ref> epitome}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
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| <small>106</small>
 
| <small>106</small>
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| {{red|And you each<br/>The Windings triple,}}
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| {{red|And you each<br/>The Windings triple, I mean,<ref>"I mean" omitted from the Augsburg, the Rostock, and Mair.</ref>}}
 
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| <small>107</small>
 
| <small>107</small>
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| {{red|Twenty-<br/>And-four pieces only.}}
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| {{red|So they are<ref>"So they are" omitted from the Augsburg and Mair.</ref> Twenty-<br/>And-four pieces only.}}
 
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| <small>108</small>
 
| <small>108</small>
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| {{red|And prove the driving,<br/>Not more than Soft or Hard.}}
 
| {{red|And prove the driving,<br/>Not more than Soft or Hard.}}
 
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<p>This is a lesson and admonition of the Art of the Sword that you therein shall very well judge and meditate on, so that you quickly drive bravely, and correctly drive the counters against his techniques. Thus you shall particularly drive the Three Wounders in each counter, which become explained hereafter. Also you shall know that the Four Hangings are two below and two above: the upper is the Ox, the lower is the Plow, to both sides. And from the Four Hangings you shall thus further contemplate and rightly weigh Eight Windings, so that you shall particularly drive a hew, a stab, and a slice from each Winding. These are the previously described Four Windings, etc.</p>
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<p>This is a lesson and admonition of the Art of the Sword that you therein shall very well judge and meditate on,<ref>S., R. "meditate and judge"</ref> so that you quickly drive bravely, and correctly drive the counters against his techniques. Thus you shall particularly<ref name="word-s"/> drive the Three Wounders in each counter, which become explained hereafter. Also you shall know that the Four Hangings are two below and two above: the upper is the Ox, the lower is the Plow, to both sides. And from the Four Hangings you shall bring Eight Windings, and the same Eight Windings<ref>"and the same Eight Windings" omitted from Mair. This is probably a scribal error, jumping to the second instance of ''winden''.</ref> you shall thus further<ref name="word-sr"/> contemplate and rightly weigh, so that you shall particularly drive a hew, a stab, and<ref name="word-sr"/> a slice from each Winding. These are the previously described Four Windings, etc.</p>
 
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Revision as of 22:28, 26 April 2020

Jud Lew
Occupation Fencing master
Ethnicity Jewish (?)
Movement Liechtenauer Tradition
Genres
Language Early New High German
Principal
manuscript(s)
Manuscript(s)
Concordance by Michael Chidester
Translations Traducción castellano

Jud Lew is the name (or possibly pseudonym) of a 15th century German fencing master. The appellation "Jude" seems to signify that he was Jewish, though Jude was also a surname of some non-Jewish families, and he seems to have stood in the tradition of Johannes Liechtenauer, though he was not included in Paulus Kal's ca. 1470 list of the members of the Fellowship of Liechtenauer.[1]

Lew is often erroneously credited with authoring the Cod. I.6.4º.3, an anonymous compilation of various fencing treatises created in the 1460s. In fact, his name is only associated with a single section of that book,[2] a gloss of Johannes Liechtenauer's Recital on mounted fencing that is one branch of the so-called Pseudo-Peter von Danzig gloss (see below). Though some versions of Martin Huntfeltz's treatise on armored fencing are also attributed to Lew, this is almost certainly an error.[3] By convention, the gloss of Liechtenauer's Recital on long sword fencing that generally accompanies this mounted gloss is also attributed to Lew.

Stemma

Early on in its history, the Pseudo-Peter von Danzig gloss seems to have split into at least three branches, and no definite copies of the unaltered original are known to survive. The gloss of Sigmund ain Ringeck also seems to be related to this work, due to the considerable overlap in text and contents, but it is currently unclear if Ringeck's gloss is based on that of pseudo-Danzig or if they both derive from an even earlier original gloss (or even if Ringeck and pseudo-Danzig are the same author and the "Ringeck" gloss should be considered a fourth branch).

Branch A, first attested in the Augsburg version (1450s) and comprising the majority of extant copies, has more plays overall than Branch B but generally shorter descriptions in areas of overlap. It also glosses only Liechtenauer's Recital on long sword and mounted fencing; in lieu of a gloss of Liechtenauer's short sword, it is generally accompanied by the short sword teachings of Andre Liegniczer and Martin Huntfeltz (or, in the case of the 1512 Vienna II, Ringeck's short sword gloss). Branch A is sometimes called the Jud Lew gloss, based on a potential attribution at the end of the mounted gloss in a few copies. Apart from the Augsburg, the other principal text in Branch A is the Salzburg version (1491), which was copied independently[4] and also incorporates twelve paragraphs from Ringeck's gloss and nineteen paragraphs from an unidentified third source. Branch A was redacted by Paulus Hector Mair (three mss., 1540s), Lienhart Sollinger (1556), and Joachim Meyer (1570), which despite being the latest is the cleanest extant version and was likely either copied directly from the original or created by comparing multiple versions to correct their errors. It was also one of the bases for Johannes Lecküchner's gloss on the Messer in the late 1470s.

Branch B, attested first in the Rome version (1452), is found in only four manuscripts; it tends to feature slightly longer descriptions than Branch A, but includes fewer plays overall. Branch B glosses Liechtenauer's entire Recital, including the short sword section, and may therefore be considered more complete than Branch A; it also differs from Branch A in that three of the four known copies are illustrated to some extent, where none in the other branch are. The Krakow version (1535-40) seems to be an incomplete (though extensively illustrated) copy taken from the Rome,[5] while Augsburg II (1564) collects only the six illustrated wrestling plays from the Krakow. Even more anomalous is the Glasgow version (1508), consisting solely of a nearly complete redaction of the short sword gloss (assigning it to Branch B), which is appended to the opening paragraphs of Ringeck's gloss of the same section; since it accompanies Ringeck's long sword and mounted fencing glosses, a possible explanation is that the scribe lacked a complete copy of Ringeck and tried to fill in the deficit with another similar text.

Branch C is first attested in the Vienna version (1480s). It is unclear whether it was derived independently from the original, represents an intermediate evolutionary step between Branches A and B, or was created by simply merging copies of the other branches together. The structure and contents of this branch very closely align with Branch B, lacking most of the unique plays of Branch A and including the gloss of the short sword, but the actual text is more consistent with that of Branch A (though not identical). The other substantial copy of Branch C is the Augsburg version II (1553), which was created by Paulus Hector Mair based on the writings of Antonius Rast, and which segues into the text of Ringeck's gloss for the final eighteen paragraphs. A substantial fragment of Branch C is present in five additional 16th century manuscripts alongside the illustrated treatise of Jörg Wilhalm Hutter; one of these, Glasgow II (1533) assigns the text a much earlier origin, stating that it was devised by one Nicolaüs in 1489. This branch has received the least attention and is currently the least understood.

(A final text of interest is the 1539 treatise of Hans Medel von Salzburg,[6] which was acquired by Mair and bound into the Cod. I.6.2º.5 after 1566.[7] Medel demonstrates familiarity with the teachings of a variety of 15th century Liechtenauer masters, and his text often takes the form of a revision and expansion of the long sword glosses of Ringeck and Nicolaüs. Because of the extent of the original and mixed content, Medel's versions are not included in any of these pages.)

Treatises

While all branches were originally presented in a single concordance in the pseudo-Peter von Danzig article, the differences between them are extensive enough that they merit separate consideration. Thus, Branch A has been placed here on the page of Jud Lew, Branch B has been retained on the main pseudo-Danzig page, and branch C is now on the Nicolaüs Augsburger page.

Additional Resources

References

  1. ↑ The Fellowship of Liechtenauer is recorded in three versions of Paulus Kal's treatise: MS 1825 (1460s), Cgm 1570 (ca. 1470), and MS KK5126 (1480s).
  2. ↑ See folio 123r.
  3. ↑ Jaquet, Daniel; Walczak, Bartłomiej. "Liegnitzer, Hundsfeld or Lew? The question of authorship of popular Medieval fighting teachings". Acta Periodica Duellatorum 2(1): 105-148. 2014. doi:10.1515/apd-2015-0015.
  4. ↑ Both Augsburg and Salzburg contain significant scribal errors of omission that allow us to identify manuscripts copied from them.
  5. ↑ Zabinski, pp 82-83
  6. ↑ Medel's section of the Cod. I.6.2º.5 is internally dated on folio 21r.
  7. ↑ The record of the Marxbrüder in the manuscript ends on folio 20r with the year 1566, so Mair couldn't have acquired it before then.
  8. ↑ "the hew" omitted from the Salzburg.
  9. ↑ S. "right-side foot".
  10. ↑ Mair: "If he comes then onto your sword with the strong".
  11. ↑ sic : nahent
  12. ↑ Liechtenauer's verse has in der rechten, "on the right", here, but it has been changed in all copies except the Salzburg and the Rostock.
  13. ↑ A. "or"
  14. ↑ sic : rechten
  15. ↑ S. "art or fencing".
  16. ↑ S., R. "before"
  17. ↑ sic : lonen
  18. ↑ S. "crooked hew"
  19. ↑ S. "thwart hew"
  20. ↑ Mair: "twelve"
  21. ↑ 21.00 21.01 21.02 21.03 21.04 21.05 21.06 21.07 21.08 21.09 21.10 21.11 21.12 21.13 21.14 21.15 Word omitted from the Salzburg and Rostock. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "word-sr" defined multiple times with different content
  22. ↑ S. "peasant hew".
  23. ↑ 23.00 23.01 23.02 23.03 23.04 23.05 23.06 23.07 23.08 23.09 23.10 23.11 23.12 23.13 23.14 23.15 23.16 23.17 23.18 23.19 23.20 23.21 23.22 23.23 23.24 23.25 23.26 23.27 23.28 23.29 23.30 23.31 23.32 23.33 23.34 23.35 23.36 23.37 Word omitted from the Salzburg.
  24. ↑ Could be read as “schlichter”.
  25. ↑ Mair: "This is a lesson on when".
  26. ↑ "with a" omitted from Rostock.
  27. ↑ Mair adds "not", making it "after the Soft and not after the Hard".
  28. ↑ "The lower opening" is omitted in Mair, shortening it to "to the left side".
  29. ↑ "And you shall... with the other" omitted from the Augsburg, the Rostock, and Mair. This omission is probably a scribal error, jumping to the second instance of also soltu das.
  30. ↑ Couplet 104, part of the group 102-109.
  31. ↑ 31.00 31.01 31.02 31.03 31.04 31.05 31.06 31.07 31.08 31.09 31.10 Word omitted from the Augsburg, the Rostock, and Mair.
  32. ↑ "of the man… of the girdle" omitted from the Salzburg. This omission is probably a scribal error, jumping to the second instance of der gürttell.
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 33.2 33.3 The subsequent play in Salzburg is taken from the gloss of Sigmund ain Ringeck, and is therefore omitted here.
  34. ↑ "To you truthfully" effaced from the Augsburg by damage to the page.
  35. ↑ "of the sword" omitted from the Salzburg.
  36. ↑ Fehlstelle im Manuskript
  37. ↑ "and you bind with… standing on the sword" omitted from the Augsburg, the Rostock, and Mair.
  38. ↑ "with the arms… and drive" omitted from the Rostock. This omission is probably a scribal error, jumping to the second instance of den armen.
  39. ↑ "And wind yet… and stab him" omitted from the Augsburg, the Rostock, and Mair.
  40. ↑ Here Salzburg segues into Sigmund ain Ringeck's gloss of the same verse describing how the Crooked hew is used as a counter-cut: "This is how you shall cut crooked to the hands, and execute the play thus: When he cuts from your right side with the over- or under-cut, spring away from the cut with the right foot against him well to his left side, and strike him with outstretched arms with the [point] upon his hands."
  41. ↑ Literally "boar" (eber) in Augsburg, Salzburg, and Mair, probably due to a scribal error from über. Rostock further changes this to alber.
  42. ↑ A. "him"
  43. ↑ A., M. "the"
  44. ↑ A, M: "the
  45. ↑ "the hew" omitted in Mair.
  46. ↑ A., M., R. "the"
  47. ↑ "with the short edge" omitted from the Salzburg.
  48. ↑ S. "bind of the sword hews".
  49. ↑ A., R. "him".
  50. ↑ sic : schwerts
  51. ↑ A., M., S. "go"
  52. ↑ "the head, then throw your sword on" omitted from Mair. This is probably a scribal error, jumping from dem to dein.
  53. ↑ Augsburg and Mair just have "protect".
  54. ↑ "before your" omitted from the Salzburg and Rostock.
  55. ↑ A., M., R. "your"
  56. ↑ A., M., R. "the"
  57. ↑ Lit. "his".
  58. ↑ "after the Weak of his sword" omitted from Mair. This omission is probably a scribal error, jumping to the second instance of Schwerts.
  59. ↑ 59.0 59.1 59.2 59.3 59.4 Word omitted from the Augsburg, Rostock, and Mair.
  60. ↑ Salzburg and Rostock double "schlag".
  61. ↑ "and to the body" omitted from the Salzburg.
  62. ↑ A. treffen, S. griffen.
  63. ↑ A., M., R. "him"
  64. ↑ 64.0 64.1 64.2 64.3 64.4 64.5 Word omitted from the Rostock.
  65. ↑ A., S., R. "when you are gone half to him with the pre-fencing"
  66. ↑ A., M., R. "each and every"
  67. ↑ Mair has "from the right side, in accordance with the right side, in accordance with each step forward", which is probably scribal error of duplication, where the scribe repeated a line of text.
  68. ↑ A., M. "and"
  69. ↑ A. "on"
  70. ↑ A., M. "when"
  71. ↑ Couplet 91.
  72. ↑ S. has vier oder trieb, which should perhaps be read as fahr oder treib, "drive or drive".
  73. ↑ Scribal error in S. and R., replacing "even to you" with "above".
  74. ↑ S. "to his"
  75. ↑ A. "to the"
  76. ↑ M. "with"
  77. ↑ "and slice" omitted from the Salzburg.
  78. ↑ "if that is what you wish" omitted from the Salzburg.
  79. ↑ sic : deinem
  80. ↑ "of the sword" omitted in Mair.
  81. ↑ A., R. "the"
  82. ↑ "with the stab" omitted from the Rostock.
  83. ↑ A., M., R. "the"
  84. ↑ A., M., R. aber: "yet"; this seems to be a misspelling of alber.
  85. ↑ "and all Windings... are all short" omitted from the Salzburg. This omission is probably a scribal error, jumping to the second instance of kurtz vnd.
  86. ↑ "that so fight short" omitted from Mair. This omission is probably a scribal error, jumping from fechtern to fechten.
  87. ↑ 87.0 87.1 87.2 87.3 87.4 87.5 87.6 87.7 87.8 Word omitted from Mair.
  88. ↑ A., M. anwind: "wind on".
  89. ↑ A., M., R. "him".
  90. ↑ S. "your"
  91. ↑ R. "the breast".
  92. ↑ Korrigiert aus »Hautt«.
  93. ↑ These verses are glossed previously, as the Rostock indicates (see the next note), but with a significantly different play.
  94. ↑ A., M., R. "the"
  95. ↑ R. "his"
  96. ↑ "as if you" omitted from the Salzburg and Rostock.
  97. ↑ Rostock ends here with the statement (written in Latin) "Previously in the chapter Vom Feler", which is odd because this is the exact point when the text ceases to bear any resemblance to the earlier version in that chapter.
  98. ↑ "in the arms with the edge" omitted from Mair and the Rostock. This is probably a scribal error, jumping from schneiden to schnitt.
  99. ↑ Disappears into the margin.
  100. ↑ S. "he then".
  101. ↑ S. "the one hilt".
  102. ↑ S. "thrusts your point up".
  103. ↑ Clause omitted from the Augsburg, Mair, and the Rostock.
  104. ↑ Word omitted in the Augsburg, Salzburg, and Mair.
  105. ↑ Augsburg doubles the phrase "and hold your sword on your right side with the hilt in front". This is probably a scribal error in which the scribe's eye jumped to the wrong line.
  106. ↑ This couplet is listed separately in Salzburg, with a paragraph from the gloss of Sigmund ain Ringeck.
  107. ↑ 107.0 107.1 107.2 107.3 Word omitted from the Augsburg, Salzburg, and Mair.
  108. ↑ The subsequent play in Salzburg, which repeats couplet 71 and glosses it, is taken from the gloss of Sigmund ain Ringeck, and is therefore omitted here.
  109. ↑ "this is" omitted in the Augsburg, the Rostock, and the Mair.
  110. ↑ The subsequent two plays in Salzburg are taken from the gloss of Sigmund ain Ringeck, and are therefore omitted here.
  111. ↑ Mittels Einfügezeichen korrigiert aus »siten rechten«
  112. ↑ M. "his"
  113. ↑ A. "quickly there".
  114. ↑ "many and" omitted in Mair; Augsburg omits "many" and just says "are and multiple".
  115. ↑ "that fence from free long hews" omitted from the Salzburg. This omission is probably a scribal error, jumping to the second instance of fechten.
  116. ↑ "do not hold" omitted from the Salzburg.
  117. ↑ "to him" omitted from the Salzburg and Mair. Rostock just has "to".
  118. ↑ 118.0 118.1 Title is repeated in Mair.
  119. ↑ M. "if he the drives his sword quickly upward".
  120. ↑ M. "Soft or Hard".
  121. ↑ A. zwer: "thwart".
  122. ↑ "on his neck... on his right side" omitted from the Salzburg. This omission is probably a scribal error, jumping from to the second instance of seiten.
  123. ↑ "Strike or" omitted from the Augsburg, Salzburg, and Rostock.
  124. ↑ S., R. "ere when you come up"
  125. ↑ S. "to"
  126. ↑ 126.0 126.1 126.2 126.3 126.4 126.5 126.6 126.7 Word omitted from the Augsburg and Mair.
  127. ↑ "The word" omitted from the Augsburg, the Rostock, and Mair.
  128. ↑ A., R. "in"
  129. ↑ Salzburg doubles "the feeling".
  130. ↑ "Feel and cannot undertake" omitted from the Salzburg. This is probably a scribal error, jumping from one instance of nicht to the next.
  131. ↑ S. "work".
  132. ↑ S., R. entphindest: "perceive".
  133. ↑ S., R. "ere when".
  134. ↑ M. "undertake"
  135. ↑ Word doubled in the Salzburg.
  136. ↑ S. "word".
  137. ↑ S. "right or left side".
  138. ↑ S. "Whoever aims below", which matches the standard Recital. R. "whoever winds below".
  139. ↑ S. bindest gebünde~.
  140. ↑ M. "under"
  141. ↑ S. "his"
  142. ↑ M. "left side"
  143. ↑ 143.0 143.1 Disappears into the binding.
  144. ↑ S. "his"
  145. ↑ S. "after".
  146. ↑ R. "hews you"
  147. ↑ S., R. "change through"
  148. ↑ Corrected from 'mit'.
  149. ↑ S. "the"
  150. ↑ S., R. "wind".
  151. ↑ S. "Technique".
  152. ↑ R. "on"
  153. ↑ Word doubled in the Augsburg.
  154. ↑ S. "your"
  155. ↑ A., R. "the"
  156. ↑ "down a little" omitted from the Salzburg.
  157. ↑ A., M., R. "the"
  158. ↑ A., S., R. "the"
  159. ↑ "before you" omitted from the Salzburg.
  160. ↑ S., R. "a"
  161. ↑ M. "rightful"
  162. ↑ Word doubled in Mair.
  163. ↑ S. dring.
  164. ↑ "at the sword" omitted from the Salzburg.
  165. ↑ M. "rightful"
  166. ↑ "and thrust... the right" omitted from the Augsburg and Mair. This omission is probably a scribal error, jumping to the second instance of siner rechte~.
  167. ↑ R. "but"
  168. ↑ sic : sein rechten bis repetita
  169. ↑ S., M., R. "over-winding"
  170. ↑ S., R. "Another wrestling".
  171. ↑ A., M. "him".
  172. ↑ A. "his"; M. "the".
  173. ↑ M. "on"
  174. ↑ S. "weapon".
  175. ↑ S. "your".
  176. ↑ M. "with his"
  177. ↑ A. "with".
  178. ↑ S. "on"
  179. ↑ S. "his".
  180. ↑ "and from each single Winding" omitted from the Salzburg. This is probably a scribal error, jumping to the second instance of winden.
  181. ↑ S. "be it Over-/Under-hew".
  182. ↑ A., S., R. "the"
  183. ↑ ”einwindẽ durchwindẽ“ written in another hand above the line.
  184. ↑ Illegible word from another hand written above the line.
  185. ↑ R. "change"
  186. ↑ R. "correct"
  187. ↑ "I mean" omitted from the Augsburg, the Rostock, and Mair.
  188. ↑ "So they are" omitted from the Augsburg and Mair.
  189. ↑ S., R. "meditate and judge"
  190. ↑ "and the same Eight Windings" omitted from Mair. This is probably a scribal error, jumping to the second instance of winden.
  191. ↑ Rest der Zeile verschwindet im Bund
  192. ↑ A. "him".
  193. ↑ S. "against".
  194. ↑ A. "his".
  195. ↑ S. "your".
  196. ↑ "in the techniques" omitted from the Salzburg.
  197. ↑ korrigiert aus »schnudt«
  198. ↑ Germ. And the eyes
  199. ↑ illegible deletion
  200. ↑ S corrected from D
  201. ↑ Germ. ”the sharp grip”
  202. ↑ Unleserlich. Gemeint ist die 20. Figur. Illegible. Refers to the 20th figure.
  203. ↑ Marginalie von anderer Hand. Marginal note from a different hand.
  204. ↑ German. How you use the bag strike at your opponent.
  205. ↑ Auf beiden Seiten neben dem Text, oberhalb einer Linie. On either side of the text, above a line.
  206. ↑ Marginalie. Marginal note.
  207. ↑ Marginalie neben einer Linie. Marginal note next to a line.
  208. ↑ Germ. If you have caught the opponent by the reins you can pursue his openings.
  209. ↑ Unleserliche Streichung
  210. ↑ Germ. Do not!
  211. ↑ Marginalie. Maginal note.
  212. ↑ Illegible deletion
  213. ↑ Die Wörter »so« und »Spricht« sind im Manuskript vertauscht, was durch entsprechende, oberen Anführungen gleichenden, Einfügezeichen kenntlcih gemacht wird.
  214. ↑ Marginalie. Marginal note.
  215. ↑ Über der Streichung eingefügt.
  216. ↑ Germ. The left
  217. ↑ Der Text läuft in den Bund.
  218. ↑ Marginalie. Marginal note.
  219. ↑ Germ. sword, messer, or dagger
  220. ↑ Der Text läuft oben aus der Seite heraus (beschnittenes Buchformat?).


Early Germanic Traditions
Common Fencing Johannes Liechtenauer reversed.jpg
Wrestling
Liechtenauer
Tradition
Beringer Verse
Augsburg Tradition
Other Works
Fabris Tradition
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