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! <p>[[Hutter/Sollinger Fechtbuch (Cod.I.6.2º.2)|Augsburg Version]] (1564){{edit index|Hutter/Sollinger Fechtbuch (Cod.I.6.2º.2)}}<br/>by Dierk Hagedorn</p>
 
! <p>[[Hutter/Sollinger Fechtbuch (Cod.I.6.2º.2)|Augsburg Version]] (1564){{edit index|Hutter/Sollinger Fechtbuch (Cod.I.6.2º.2)}}<br/>by Dierk Hagedorn</p>
 
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<p>This has been composed and created by Johannes Liechtenauer, the one High Master in the Art, may God be gracious to him, so that princes and lords and knights and soldiers shall know and learn that which pertains to the Art. Therefore he has allowed the Epitome to be written with secret and suspicious words, so that not every man shall undertake and understand them. And he has done that so the Epitome’s Art will little concern the reckless Fencing-Masters, so that from the same Masters his Art is not openly presented or shall become common. And the same secret and suspicious words of the Epitome that stand hereafter, the glosses teach and explain thus, so that everyone who otherwise can fence may well undertake and understand them.</p>
 
<p>This has been composed and created by Johannes Liechtenauer, the one High Master in the Art, may God be gracious to him, so that princes and lords and knights and soldiers shall know and learn that which pertains to the Art. Therefore he has allowed the Epitome to be written with secret and suspicious words, so that not every man shall undertake and understand them. And he has done that so the Epitome’s Art will little concern the reckless Fencing-Masters, so that from the same Masters his Art is not openly presented or shall become common. And the same secret and suspicious words of the Epitome that stand hereafter, the glosses teach and explain thus, so that everyone who otherwise can fence may well undertake and understand them.</p>
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| <p>[2] {{red|b=1|Here mark what the red writing in the beginning of the hereafter described techniques is:}} that is the text of secret words of the Epitome of the Long Sword. And always the next black writing script is the gloss and the explanation of the secret and suspicious words of the Epitome.</p>
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| <p>[3] {{red|b=1|This is the preface:}}</p>
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<p>Young knight learn <br/>To have love for God, honor the women, <br/>So waxes your honor. <br/>Practice Knighthood, and learn <br/>Art that adorns you, <br/>And in wars brings honor. <br/>Wrestle well, grappler. <br/>Glaive, spear, sword, and knife, <br/>Manfully handle, <br/>And in others’ hands ruin. <br/>Hew therein, and swift there. <br/>Rush in, hit or let drive. <br/>Those in the knowing <br/>Praise he who does this. <br/>Thereon you grasp, <br/>All Art has length and measure.</p>
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| <p>[4] {{red|b=1|This is a general lesson of the Long Sword in which very fine Art is held:}}</p>
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<p>{{red|b=1|Text}}</p>
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<p>{{red|Will you show Art,<br/>You go left, and right with hewing.<br/>And left with right<br/>Is how you most strongly fence.}}</p>
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<p>Gloss: Mark, that is the first art of the Long Sword, that you shall learn the hews correctly before all things, so that you will otherwise fence strongly, and undertake that thus: When you stand with the left foot before and hew from your right side, if you do not follow after the hew with a step forward of your right foot, thus the hew is false and incorrect. When your right side remains behind, thereby the hew becomes too short and may not have its correct path downwards to the other side before the left foot.</p>
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| <p>[5] {{red|b=1|Or}} if you stand with the right foot before and hew from the left side, and you do not follow after the hew with your left foot, then the hew is yet false. Therefore mark when you hew from the right side that you always follow after the hew. Do also likewise the same when you hew from the left side. So put your body therewith correctly in the balance, thus the hews become long and hewn correctly.</p>
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| <p>[6] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss of yet a lesson:}}</p>
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<p>{{red|Who goes after hewing,<br/>He deserves little joy in his art.}}</p>
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<p>Gloss: This is when you come to him with the pre-fencing, then you shall not stand still and look after his hews, waiting for what he fences against you. Know that all fencers that look and wait on another’s hews and will do nothing other than parrying deserve such very little joy in their art, since they are destroyed and become thereby struck.</p>
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<p>{{red|Hew near what you will,<br/>No Change comes on your shield.<br/>To the head, to the body,<br/>The Lighter-hits do not shun.<br/>With the entire body,<br/>Fence so that you most strongly drive.}}</p>
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<p>Gloss: Mark, that is when you come to him with the pre-fencing, what you will then fence, drive that with the entire strength of your body, and hew in therewith closing to the head and to the body, and remain with the point in before the face or the breast so he cannot Change-through before your point. If he parries with strength and lets the point go out from you on the side, then give him a Lighter-hit on the arm.</p>
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| <p>[8] {{red|b=1|Or}} if he drives high up with the arms with the parrying, then strike him with a free hew below to the body and step quickly therewith backward, so he is struck before he comes in.</p>
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<p>{{red|Hear what is bad there.<br/>Fence not above left, if you are right.<br/>If you are left,<br/>With the right you also sorely limp.}}</p>
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<p>Gloss: Mark, this is a lesson, and touches upon two persons, a right-hander and a left-hander, and is how you shall hew so that one does not win the Weak of your sword with the first hew, and undertake that thus: when you come to him with the pre-fencing, if you are then a right-hander, then hew the first hew with purpose not from the left side, then he is Weak and may therewith not hold against. When he hews strongly in to you, then hew from the right, so you may well hold strongly against, and work what you will on the sword.</p>
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| <p>[10] Likewise, if you are left-handed, then hew also the first hew not from the right side, since it is quite perilous for a left-hander to practice Art from the right side, the same as it is also for a right-hander from the left side.</p>
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| <p>[11] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss of yet another lesson:}}</p>
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<p>{{red|Before and After, these two things, <br/>Are to all Art a well-spring. <br/>Weak and Strong, <br/>Meanwhile, that word therewith mark. <br/>So you may learn <br/>Working and defending with Art. <br/>If you readily frighten, <br/>No fencing ever learn.}}</p>
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<p>Gloss: Mark, this is that before all things you shall rightly undertake and understand these two things, which are the Before and the After, and thereafter the Weak and Strong of the sword, and then the word Meanwhile, wherefrom comes the entire foundation of all the Art of Fencing when you think on, undertake, and understand them rightly, and do not forget the word Meanwhile in all techniques that you drive. Then you are a very good Master of the Sword and may teach princes and lords well so that they may be best in combat and in earnest with correct Art of the Sword.</p>
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<p>This is that you shall always come Before, be it with the hew or with the stab, before he does, and when you come before with the hew or otherwise then he must parry that. Then work Meanwhile nimbly before yourself with the sword in the parrying, or otherwise with other techniques. Then he may come to no work.</p>
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<p>The After are the breaks against all techniques and hews the opponent drives on you, and that undertake thus: When he comes Before with the hew, and you must parry him, then work Meanwhile with your parrying nimbly with the sword to the next opening. Then you break his Before with your After.</p>
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| <p>[14] {{red|b=1|Here mark the Weak and the Strong of the sword:}}</p>
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<p>Understand the Weak and the Strong thus: On the sword from the hilt to the middle of the blade is the Strong of the sword, and further above the middle to the point is the Weak, And how you shall work with the Strong of your sword after the Weak of his sword you will hereafter learn.</p>
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| <p>[15] {{red|b=1|This is the text and gloss of Five Hews:}}</p>
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<p>{{red|Five Hews learn<br/>From the right hand. Who they defend,<br/>They we vow<br/>in Arts to reward well.}}</p>
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<p>Gloss: Mark, there are Five hidden Hews of which many Masters of the Sword know nothing to say; these Hews you shall learn correctly from the right side. Whichever fencer you then hew with correct Art who can break these without injury becomes praised by other Masters, so that his Art shall become rewarded more than other fencers. And how one shall hew the hews with their techniques, that becomes hereafter clarified to you.</p>
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| <p>[16] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss of techniques of the Epitome:}}</p>
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<p>{{red|Wrath hew, Crooked, Thwart,<br/>Have Squinter with Parter.<br/>Fool, parries,<br/>Travelling-after, Over-running, Set hews,<br/>Changing-through, Pull,<br/>-through, Slice-off, Press hands,<br/>Hang, Wind, with openings,<br/>Blows, grasp, strike, stab with thrusting.}}</p>
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<p>Gloss: Mark, here become named to you the right Chief Techniques of the Epitome of the Long Sword, how they are each called particularly by their names so that you can further remember and recall them. The first are the Five Hews and how they are particularly named:</p>
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| <p>{{red|Item:}} The first is called the Wrath-hew.<br/>{{red|Item:}} The second the Crooked-hew.<br/>{{red|Item:}} The third the Thwart-hew.<br/>{{red|Item:}} The fourth the Squinting-hew.<br/>{{red|Item:}} The fifth the Parting-hew.</p>
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<p>{{red|Item:}} The first, they are the Four Guards.<br/>{{red|Item:}} The second, the Four Preemptings.<br/>{{red|Item:}} Thirdly, the Travelling-after.<br/>{{red|Item:}} The fourth, Over-running.<br/>{{red|Item:}} The fifth, the Setting-off.<br/>{{red|Item:}} The sixth is the Changing-through.<br/>{{red|Item:}} The seventh is the Pulling.<br/>|Item:}} The eighth, the Running-through.<br/>{{red|Item:}} The ninth, the Slicing-off.<br/>{{red|Item:}} The tenth is the Hand Pressing.<br/>{{red|Item:}} The eleventh are the Hangings.<br/>{{red|Item:}} The twelfth are the Windings.</p><br/>
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| <p>[18] And what you shall fence from the techniques, and how you shall give openings with the Hangings and Windings, you will thus one after another to the next find described hereafter.</p>
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Revision as of 02:11, 13 May 2016

Gloss and Interpretation of
the Recital on the Long Sword
die gloss und die auslegung der zettel
des langen schwert
Author(s) Unknown
Ascribed to Pseudo-Peter von Danzig
Illustrated by Unknown
Date before 1452
Genre
Language Early New High German
Archetype(s) Hypothetical
Principal
Manuscript(s)
Manuscript(s)
First Printed
English Edition
Tobler, 2010
Concordance by Michael Chidester
Translations

"Pseudo-Peter von Danzig" is the name given to an anonymous late 14th or early 15th century German fencing master.[1] Some time before the creation of the Codex 44.A.8 in 1452, he authored a gloss of Johannes Liechtenauer's Recital (Zettel) which would go on to become the most widespread in the tradition. While his identity remains unknown, it is possible that he was in fact Jud Lew or Sigmund Schining ein Ringeck, both of whose glosses show strong similarities to the work. On the other hand, the introduction to the Rome version of the text—the oldest currently extant—might be construed as attributing it to Liechtenauer himself.

Treatise

Early on in its history, this text seems to have split into two primary branches. The first branch, found in the Rome (1452), Krakow (1510-20), and Augsburg II (1564) versions, has slightly longer descriptions for many devices and is always accompanied by illustrations. The second branch, appearing first in the Augsburg I (1450s) and used in all extant versions except the three listed above, has shorter descriptions but a number of additional devices.

In order to achieve a greater degree of organization and readability, Liechtenauer's verse has been separated into its proper couplets in this presentation. The verse is laid out this way in the Augsburg I and Salzburg versions, but in most of the other manuscripts it is included inline.

Additional Resources

References

  1. This name stems from the false assumption of many 20th century writers identifying him with Peter von Danzig zum Ingolstadt.