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Difference between revisions of "Pseudo-Peter von Danzig"

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| <p>[59] Mark, when you come to him with the pre-fencing, then do as if you will strike him with a free Over-hew to the head, but pull the hew and strike him with the Thwart to the lower opening of his left or his right side, to whichever you want, and see that you are well-guarded with the hilt over your head. You may also drive this thus with the Thwart-hew.</p>
 
| <p>[59] Mark, when you come to him with the pre-fencing, then do as if you will strike him with a free Over-hew to the head, but pull the hew and strike him with the Thwart to the lower opening of his left or his right side, to whichever you want, and see that you are well-guarded with the hilt over your head. You may also drive this thus with the Thwart-hew.</p>
 
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| <p>[60] {{red|b=1|Item, the Failer drive thus:}}</p>
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<p>When you come to the man with the pre-fencing, then hew the Under-hew from both sides. If you then come to him with a Under-hew from your right side, then shoot in the point therewith long into the breast so he must parry, then spring quickly with the left foot on his right side and do as you will strike to there in with the Thwart, and pull the hew, and strike quickly again around to the left side.''</p>
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| <p>[61] ''Or if you come from the left side with the Under-hew on him, then shoot in the point above in long and drive the driving as stands described before.''</p>
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| <p>[60] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss of the technique that is called the Inverter:}}</p>
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| <p>[62] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss of the technique that is called the Inverter:}}</p>
  
 
<p>{{red|Inverter forces<br/>Running through, also with wrestling.<br/>The elbow<br/>Knowingly take, spring into the balance.}}</p>
 
<p>{{red|Inverter forces<br/>Running through, also with wrestling.<br/>The elbow<br/>Knowingly take, spring into the balance.}}</p>
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| <p>[61] {{red|b=1|Drive that thus:}}</p>
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| <p>[63] {{red|b=1|Drive that thus:}}</p>
  
 
<p>When you go to him with the pre-fencing, then go before with the left foot and hew the half hew with inverted long edge from the right side, in and in, up and down, with your left foot. Afterwards you have come to him, and as quickly as you bind on his sword, then hang the point in Meanwhile above and stab in to his face. If he parries the stab and drives high up with the arms, then Run-through him.</p>
 
<p>When you go to him with the pre-fencing, then go before with the left foot and hew the half hew with inverted long edge from the right side, in and in, up and down, with your left foot. Afterwards you have come to him, and as quickly as you bind on his sword, then hang the point in Meanwhile above and stab in to his face. If he parries the stab and drives high up with the arms, then Run-through him.</p>
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| <p>[62] Or if he remains low with the hands in the parrying, then grip his right elbow with the left hand and hold him therewith fast, and spring with the left foot before his right and thrust him thus over the foot.</p>
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| <p>[64] Or if he remains low with the hands in the parrying, then grip his right elbow with the left hand and hold him therewith fast, and spring with the left foot before his right and thrust him thus over the foot.</p>
 
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| <p>[63] {{red|b=1|Or}} will you not thrust him over the foot with the left hand by the elbow as before described states, then drive in with the left arm behind around his body and throw him before you over your left hip.</p>
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| <p>[65] {{red|b=1|Or}} will you not thrust him over the foot with the left hand by the elbow as before described states, then drive in with the left arm behind around his body and throw him before you over your left hip.</p>
 
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| <p>[64] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss of yet another Failer:}}</p>
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| <p>[66] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss of yet another Failer:}}</p>
  
 
<p>{{red|Failer twofold,<br/>Hit him, then make with the slice.<br/>Twofold it proceeds,<br/>Step in left and be not lax.}}</p>
 
<p>{{red|Failer twofold,<br/>Hit him, then make with the slice.<br/>Twofold it proceeds,<br/>Step in left and be not lax.}}</p>
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| <p>[65] {{red|b=1|Or}} fall in with the sword over both arms with the slice. Also you may thus well drive the Failer from the Over-hew as from the Thwart strike when you are even or when you want.</p>
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| <p>[67] {{red|b=1|Or}} fall in with the sword over both arms with the slice. Also you may thus well drive the Failer from the Over-hew as from the Thwart strike when you are even or when you want.</p>
 
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| <p>[66] {{red|b=1|Here begins the Squint-hew with its techniques:}}</p>
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| <p>[68] {{red|b=1|Here begins the Squint-hew with its techniques:}}</p>
  
 
<p>{{red|Squinter breaks<br/>What the Buffalo strikes or stabs.<br/>Who threatens to change,<br/>Squinter robs him therefrom.}}</p>
 
<p>{{red|Squinter breaks<br/>What the Buffalo strikes or stabs.<br/>Who threatens to change,<br/>Squinter robs him therefrom.}}</p>
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| <p>[67] {{red|b=1|Here mark how one shall do the Squinter-hew:}}</p>
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| <p>[69] {{red|b=1|Here mark how one shall do the Squinter-hew:}}</p>
  
 
<p>Mark, when you come to him with the pre-fencing, then stand with the left foot before and hold your sword on your right shoulder. If he then hews above in to the head, then turn your sword and hew against his hew with the short edge long over his sword with stretched arms above in to his head. Is he then clever and Fails with the hew, and will Change-through below your sword, then let the point shoot in long before you with the hew, so he may not Change-through below.</p>
 
<p>Mark, when you come to him with the pre-fencing, then stand with the left foot before and hold your sword on your right shoulder. If he then hews above in to the head, then turn your sword and hew against his hew with the short edge long over his sword with stretched arms above in to his head. Is he then clever and Fails with the hew, and will Change-through below your sword, then let the point shoot in long before you with the hew, so he may not Change-through below.</p>
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| <p>[68] {{red|b=1|Another:}}</p>
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| <p>[70] {{red|b=1|Another:}}</p>
  
 
<p>When you stand against him and hold your sword on your right shoulder, if he then stands against you in the guard of the Plow and will stab below to you, then hew him long in above with the Squinter, and shoot the point long in to the breast, so may he not reach you below with the stab.</p>
 
<p>When you stand against him and hold your sword on your right shoulder, if he then stands against you in the guard of the Plow and will stab below to you, then hew him long in above with the Squinter, and shoot the point long in to the breast, so may he not reach you below with the stab.</p>
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| <p>[69] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss of a lesson of the Squinter:}}</p>
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| <p>[71] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss of a lesson of the Squinter:}}</p>
  
 
<p>{{red|Squint that he is short on you,<br/>Changing-through defeats him.}}</p>
 
<p>{{red|Squint that he is short on you,<br/>Changing-through defeats him.}}</p>
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| <p>[70] {{red|b=1|Or}} if you lie before him in the guard of the Fool, if he will then fall Crooked thereon with the sword, so is his sword but shortened.</p>
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| <p>[72] {{red|b=1|Or}} if you lie before him in the guard of the Fool, if he will then fall Crooked thereon with the sword, so is his sword but shortened.</p>
 
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| <p>[71] {{red|b=1|Or}} if he lies against you in the guard of the Ox or the Plow, so is his sword but shortened. Also know that all Winds with the sword before the man are short and shorten the sword, and whatever fencer the Winding drives thus, then freely Change through from hews and from stabs, and shoot in the long point therewith into the next opening. Therewith you force him so that he must parry, and so you come to your correct work.</p>
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| <p>[73] {{red|b=1|Or}} if he lies against you in the guard of the Ox or the Plow, so is his sword but shortened. Also know that all Winds with the sword before the man are short and shorten the sword, and whatever fencer the Winding drives thus, then freely Change through from hews and from stabs, and shoot in the long point therewith into the next opening. Therewith you force him so that he must parry, and so you come to your correct work.</p>
 
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| <p>[72] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss of how one breaks the Long Point with the Squinter:}}</p>
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| <p>[74] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss of how one breaks the Long Point with the Squinter:}}</p>
  
 
<p>{{red|Squint to the point,<br/>And take the throat without fear.}}</p>
 
<p>{{red|Squint to the point,<br/>And take the throat without fear.}}</p>
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| <p>[73] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss of yet a technique from the Squint Hew:}}</p>
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| <p>[75] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss of yet a technique from the Squint Hew:}}</p>
  
 
<p>{{red|Squint to the upper<br/>Head, hands will you harm.}}</p>
 
<p>{{red|Squint to the upper<br/>Head, hands will you harm.}}</p>
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| <p>[76] {{red|b=1|Here begins the text and the gloss of the Parting-Hew:}}</p>
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<p>{{red|The Parter<br/>Is dangerous to the face.<br/>With its turn<br/>Very dangerous to the breast.<br/>What comes from him,<br/>The Crown takes that off.<br/>Slice through the Crown,<br/>So yet you break hard.<br/>Press the strike,<br/>With slicing you pull off.}}</p>
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<p>Gloss: Mark the Parter breaks the guard that is called Fool, and is very dangerous with its turn to the face and the breast.</p>
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{{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 024v.jpg|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 025r.jpg|1|lbl=25r|p=1}}
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| <p>[77] {{red|b=1|That drive thus:}}</p>
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<p>When you come to him with the pre-fencing, if he then lies against you in the guard Fool, then set the left foot before and hold your sword on your right shoulder in the guard, and spring to him, and hew with the long edge strongly down from above to the head. </p>
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| <p>[78] If he then parries the hew so that his point and hilt both stand over him, that is called the Crown. Then remain high with the arms and with the left hand lift your sword’s pommel over you and sink the point in over his hilt to his breast. If he then drives up with the sword and thrusts your point with his hilt upwards, then Wind your sword through under his Crown with the slice in his arms and press. Thus is the Crown again broken, and with the pressing slice fast in the arms, and then pull yourself off with the slice.</p>
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| rowspan="3" | [[File:Cod.44.A.8 001v.jpg|250px|center]]
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| <p>[79] {{red|b=1|This is the text and gloss on the Four Liers:}}</p>
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<p>{{red|Four Liers alone<br/>Therefrom hold, and curse the common.<br/>Ox, Plow, Fool,<br/>From the Day, there are no more.}}</p>
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<p>Gloss: Mark the Four Liers, that is, the Four Guards from which you shall fence.</p>
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{{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 025v.jpg|1|lbl=25v}}
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| <p>[80] {{red|b=1|[This is the first guard:]}}</p>
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<p>The first guard is called the Ox, position yourself thus with it: stand with the left foot before and hold your sword near your right side with the hilt before the head so that your thumb is under the sword, and hang in the point against his face.</p>
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| <p>[81] {{red|b=1|Mark,}} on the left side position yourself thus in the Ox: stand with the right foot before and hold your sword near your left side with the hilt before your head so that your thumb is below, and hang the point in against his face. That is the Ox on both sides.</p>
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| <p>[82] {{red|b=1|This is the second guard:}}</p>
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<p>Mark the other guard is called the Plow, there position yourself thus with it: stand with the left foot before and hold your sword with crossed hands with the pommel below you near your right side on the hip, so that the short edge is above and the point stands in against his face.</p>
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| <p>[83] {{red|b=1|Mark,}} on the left side position yourself thus in the Plow: stand with the right foot before and hold your sword near your left side with the pommel below you on the hip, so that the long edge is above and the point stands in against the face. That is the Plow on both sides.</p>
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{{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 025v.jpg|5|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 026r.jpg|1|lbl=26r|p=1}}
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| <p>[84] {{red|b=1|This is the third guard:}}</p>
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<p>Mark, position yourself thus in the guard called Fool: stand with the right foot before and hold your sword with stretched arms before you with the point on the earth so that the short edge is turned above.</p>
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| <p>[85] {{Red|b=1|This is the fourth guard:}}</p>
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<p>Mark, the guard is called From the Day, therein position yourself thus: stand with the left foot before and hold your sword on your right shoulder or with up-stretched arms high over the head, and stand thus in the guard.</p>
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| <p>[86] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss of the Four Preemptings:}}</p>
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<p>{{red|Four are the Preemptings<br/>That also sorely injure the Liers.}}</p>
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<p>Gloss: Mark, you have heard before that there are Four Guards. So you shall now also know the Four Preemptings that break the same Four Guards. Also hear that the Preemptings are nothing more than breaking with four hews.</p>
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| <p>[87] {{red|b=1|Mark,}} the first hew is the Crooked-hew that breaks the guard that is called the Ox.</p>
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| <p>[88] {{red|b=1|Mark,}} the second hew, that is the Thwart hew that breaks the guard From the Day.</p>
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| <p>[89] {{red|b=1|Mark,}} the third hew, that is the Squinter that breaks the guard that is called the Plow.</p>
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| <p>[90] {{red|b=1|Mark,}} the fourth hew, that is the Parter that breaks the guard that is called the Fool.</p>
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| <p>[91] And how you shall break the four guards with the hews you shall find before in the descriptions of the same hews.</p>
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| <p>[92] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss that one shall not parry:}}</p>
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<p>{{red|Guard yourself against parrying.<br/>If that happens it also sorely troubles you.}}</p>
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<p>Gloss: Mark, that is that you shall not parry as the common fencers do. When they parry they hold their points high or to the side, and that is to understand that they do not know to seek the Four Openings with the point with their parrying, therefore they often become struck. When you will parry, then parry with your hew or with your stab and seek Meanwhile the nearest opening with the point, so may no Master strike at you without being injured.</p>
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| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 026v.jpg|5|lbl-}}
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| <p>[93] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss on what you shall drive against him when one has parried you:}}</p>
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<p>{{red|If you are parried,<br/>And how that there comes,<br/>Hear what I teach you.<br/>Wrench off, hew quickly with threat.}}</p>
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<p>Gloss: Mark that is when one has parried you and will not withdraw from your sword and means to not let you come to techniques, ''so act as if you will draw away from the sword and yank your sword to yourself, just to the half of the blade, and with that, drive up a little with the sword and cut swiftly with the short edge or with the doubling into the head.''</p>
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| <p>[94] ''When he has parried you,'' then wrench with your sword upwards on his sword’s blade, as if you would take off from his sword above, and remain on his sword and hew him, striking in with the long edge on the blade again into the head.</p>
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Revision as of 00:49, 15 May 2016

Gloss and Interpretation of
the Recital on the Long Sword
die gloss und die auslegung der zettel
des langen schwert
Author(s) Unknown
Ascribed to Pseudo-Peter von Danzig
Illustrated by Unknown
Date before 1452
Genre
Language Early New High German
Archetype(s) Hypothetical
Principal
Manuscript(s)
Manuscript(s)
First Printed
English Edition 		Tobler, 2010
Concordance by Michael Chidester
Translations
MS Thott.290.2º 011r.jpg

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This article was last edited by Michael Chidester (talk| contribs) at 00:49, 15 May 2016 (UTC). (Update)

"Pseudo-Peter von Danzig" is the name given to an anonymous late 14th or early 15th century German fencing master.[1] Some time before the creation of the Codex 44.A.8 in 1452, he authored a gloss of Johannes Liechtenauer's Recital (Zettel) which would go on to become the most widespread in the tradition. While his identity remains unknown, it is possible that he was in fact Jud Lew or Sigmund Schining ein Ringeck, both of whose glosses show strong similarities to the work. On the other hand, the introduction to the Rome version of the text—the oldest currently extant—might be construed as attributing it to Liechtenauer himself.

Treatise

Early on in its history, this text seems to have split into two primary branches. The first branch, found in the Rome (1452), Krakow (1510-20), and Augsburg II (1564) versions, has slightly longer descriptions for many devices and is always accompanied by illustrations. The second branch, appearing first in the Augsburg I (1450s) and used in all extant versions except the three listed above, has shorter descriptions but a number of additional devices.

In order to achieve a greater degree of organization and readability, Liechtenauer's verse has been separated into its proper couplets in this presentation. The verse is laid out this way in the Augsburg I and Salzburg versions, but in most of the other manuscripts it is included inline.

Additional Resources

References

  1. ↑ This name stems from the false assumption of many 20th century writers identifying him with Peter von Danzig zum Ingolstadt.
  2. ↑ Squint here means "an askew glance", referring to both the sword's direction of travel and also the use of deception with the eyes with this hew.
Early Germanic Traditions
Common Fencing Johannes Liechtenauer reversed.jpg
Wrestling
Liechtenauer
Tradition
Beringer Verse
Augsburg Tradition
Other Works
Fabris Tradition
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