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Difference between revisions of "Paulus Hector Mair"

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{{:Paulus Hector Mair/Halberd}}
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{| class="wikitable floated master"
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|-
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! <includeonly><span style="font-weight:normal; font-size:85%;">&#91;{{edit|Paulus Hector Mair/Halberd|edit}}&#93;</span> &nbsp; </includeonly>Source Images
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! Images
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from the [[Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica (Cod.icon. 393)|Munich Version]]
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! {{rating|start}}
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by [[Keith P. Myers]]
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! [[Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica (MSS Dresd.C.93/C.94)|Dresden Version I]] (1550s)
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by [[Pierre-Henry Bas]]
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! [[Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica (Cod.10825/10826)|Vienna Version I]] (1550s) [German]
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by [[Dieter Bachmann]]
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! [[Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica (Cod.10825/10826)|Vienna Version I]] (1550s) [Latin]
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by Dieter Bachmann
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! [[Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica (Cod.icon. 393)|Munich Version I]] (1550s)
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 +
! [[Jörg Breu Sketchbook (Cod.I.6.2º.4)|Jörg Breu's Sketchbook]] (1545)
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by [[Michael Chidester]]
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|-
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|
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| [[File:Mair halberd 01.jpg|300x300px|center|link=http://digital.slub-dresden.de/ppn275428508/407]]
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|
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'''[1] The First Two Oberhau with the Halberd from the Left Side'''
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 +
It happens at the closing that you stand in this technique with your left foot forward and hold your Halberd above your head. Then immediately follow outward with your right foot and strike to his head.
 +
 
 +
If he strikes like this to your head and you also stand opposite him in the Oberhau with your left foot forward, then set your left leg back and strike him similarly from above so that his strike is in vain. Then immediately lift up and thrust your foremost point into his face. If he displaces this, change through from his left to his right side and set your blade on his right arm.
 +
 
 +
If he has set upon you like this, then step back with your right leg so that you strike away from him. Then immediately stroke upwards with your Halberd before his face and in the stroking wind on his halberd at his left side. At the same time wind your Halberd and snatch it towards you. If he is strong and will not give way, step in with your right leg once more and thrust to his chest.
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 +
If he thrusts like this to your chest, then step back with your left leg again and set the thrust aside with your rearmost point so that you are free from harm.
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| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.93|202r|png}}
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| {{section|Page:Cod.10825 193r.jpg|German|lbl=193r}}
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| {{section|Page:Cod.10825 193r.jpg|Latin|lbl=193r}}
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| {{paget|Page:Cod.icon. 393 I|192r|jpg}}
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|
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|-
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|
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| [[File:Mair halberd 02.jpg|300x300px|center|link=http://digital.slub-dresden.de/ppn275428508/408]]
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|
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'''[2] The Underhau with the Halberd from Both Sides'''
 +
 
 +
It happens at this closing with the Underhau that you stand with your left foot forward and hold the point downward opposite of the opponent. Then immediately move your right hand to your right hip and thrust to his face or chest. If he sets this thrust aside, change through from his left to his right side.
 +
 
 +
If the thrusts double like this to your face and you stand with your left foot forward also in the Underhau, then drive with your right hand to your right hip with your Halberd and set this aside at your right side with your blade. Then immediately follow outward with your right leg and set your foremost point at this chest.
 +
 
 +
If he sets the point at your chest like this, step back with your left leg, then immediately quickly yank the right back as well so that you can again match him equally and strike an Oberhau to his head.
 +
 
 +
If he strikes you from above like this, drive up with your Halberd from below so that you fan his strike with your blade. Then immediately yank back and thrust to his groin.  With that yank yourself to the rear.
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| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.93|202v|png}}
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| {{section|Page:Cod.10825 193v.jpg|German|lbl=193v}}
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| {{section|Page:Cod.10825 193v.jpg|Latin|lbl=193v}}
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| {{paget|Page:Cod.icon. 393 I|192v|jpg}}
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|
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|-
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|
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| [[File:Mair halberd 03.jpg|300x300px|center|link=http://digital.slub-dresden.de/ppn275428508/409]]
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|
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'''[3] The Crossed Wechsel Against the Abnemen'''
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 +
It happens that you stand in the Crossed Wechsel (changer) with your left foot forward and your left hand beneath your right shoulder. Then immediately step in with your right leg, wind double in the Underhau and thrust to his left leg.
 +
 
 +
Should you perceive this thrust and stand opposed to him in the Abnemen with your left foot set forward, then drive with your right hand to your right side so that you take his thrust away. Then immediately follow outward with your right leg and thrust your foremost point to his face.
 +
 
 +
If he thrusts like this to your face, then set this aside from your left to your right side with the strong. Then immediately stroke upward from one side to the other before his face and in the stroking wind at his Halberd. Then immediately change through double and thrust to his face.
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 +
If he thrusts like this towards you, then set this aside with your blade so that you move the thrust outward above your head. Then immediately follow outward with your left leg and strike his Halberd away with your rearmost point so that you are free from him.
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| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.93|203r|png}}
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| {{section|Page:Cod.10825 194r.jpg|German|lbl=194r}}
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| {{section|Page:Cod.10825 194r.jpg|Latin|lbl=194r}}
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| {{paget|Page:Cod.icon. 393 I|193r|jpg}}
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|
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|-
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|
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| [[File:Mair halberd 04.jpg|300x300px|center|link=http://digital.slub-dresden.de/ppn275428508/410]]
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|
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'''[4] A Gesicht Stoss (Face Thrust) against a Prusthau (Chest Strike)'''
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 +
It happens that you stand in the Gesicht Stoss with your left foot forward and hold your Halberd at the chest such that the edge is turned upwards. Then immediately follow outward with your right leg and thrust to his face.
 +
 
 +
If he thrusts like this to your face and you stand with the left foot forward, go forward with your Prusthau and set his thrust aside with that. At the same time step in with your right leg and thrust to his chest. If he displaces this, change through at his Halberd from his right to his left side. Then immediately step with your left foot in front of his right and thrust double to his face.
 +
 
 +
If he thrusts double like this towards you, set the thrust aside from both sides, step in with your left leg, change through from his right to his left side and thrust to his left arm. If he displaces the thrust, wind your rearmost point from below upward into his chest.
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 +
If he winds his rearmost point to your chest like this, step back with your left leg so that his winding is in vain. Then immediately thrust to his face, and with that yank yourself back with complete and half Halberd.
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| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.93|203v|png}}
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| {{section|Page:Cod.10825 194v.jpg|German|lbl=194v}}
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| {{section|Page:Cod.10825 194v.jpg|Latin|lbl=194v}}
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| {{paget|Page:Cod.icon. 393 I|193v|jpg}}
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|
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|-
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|
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| [[File:Mair halberd 05.jpg|300x300px|center|link=http://digital.slub-dresden.de/ppn275428508/411]]
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|
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'''[5] A Bind from which a Reyssen (Snatch) Proceeds'''
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 +
It happens that you stand in the bind with your left foot forward, your Halberd’s rearmost point at your right hip and the point opposite his face. Bind him from your right to his left side and then immediately wind your Halberd quickly over his and snatch it towards you.
 +
 
 +
If you then stand like this opposed to him in the bind with your left foot forward and he snatches towards himself like this, then follow outward with your right leg and thrust into his chest above his left arm. Should he perceive this thrust and displace it, change through from his left to his right side and thrust to his face.
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 +
If he seeks your opening like this from one side to the other, then step back with your left foot and set this aside with your rearmost point at both sides. Then immediately step in again with your left foot, wind your blade out in front and take his Halberd away, and then thrust to his face. If he sets this aside, seek his opening from one side to the other in the change through and with that yank (step) back twice.
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| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.93|204r|png}}
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| {{section|Page:Cod.10825 195r.jpg|German|lbl=195r}}
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| {{section|Page:Cod.10825 195r.jpg|Latin|lbl=195r}}
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| {{paget|Page:Cod.icon. 393 I|194r|jpg}}
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|
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|-
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|
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| [[File:Mair halberd 06.jpg|300x300px|center|link=http://digital.slub-dresden.de/ppn275428508/412]]
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|
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'''[6] A Bind with an Upper Sperzen (Obstruction)'''
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 +
It happens at this closing that you stand with your left foot forward and he stands opposite to you in the bind with his left foot set forward. Wind forward at his Halberd in the bind and turn your blade to set it over his hook.
 +
 
 +
If he intends to wind upon you like this, turn your Halberd and shove upward with it. Then immediately jerk your Halberd over quickly and thrust to his face or chest. If he sets the thrust aside, stroke outward with your Halberd in front of his face and seek the nearest opening.
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 +
If he seeks your openings like this, set it aside with the foremost point of your Halberd, follow outward with your right foot, strike his Halberd away with your rearmost point and with that wind double from underneath to his face or chest. Should he perceive this winding and step back, travel after him double with strikes and windings.
 +
 
 +
If he travels after you like this with these techniques, set them aside with the rearmost and foremost points of your Halberd and with that step back into a good stance while covering your face.
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| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.93|204v|png}}
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| {{section|Page:Cod.10825 195v.jpg|German|lbl=195v}}
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| {{section|Page:Cod.10825 195v.jpg|Latin|lbl=195v}}
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| {{paget|Page:Cod.icon. 393 I|194v|jpg}}
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|
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|-
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|
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| [[File:Mair halberd 07.jpg|300x300px|center|link=http://digital.slub-dresden.de/ppn275428508/413]]
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|
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'''[7] An Upper Strike with a Lower Reyssen (snatch)'''
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 +
It happens that you stand in the Upper Strike with your left foot forward and hold your Halberd in the Oberhau. He then stands likewise opposite to you with his left foot set forward and his Halberd opposite of your face. Take this aside with the Oberhau and at the same time snatch towards you from your left to your right side (shown in illustration). Then move up with your Halberd into his face.
 +
 
 +
If he intends to go at your face like this, wind your Halberd with the blade behind his leg and yank with it so that his thrust is in vain and you can likewise cause him to fall.  Then immediately travel after him with a thrust to his face.
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 +
If he thrusts like this to your face, take it aside with your half Halberd, change through from one side to the other and seek the nearest opening. If he sets this aside, likewise bind with him at his Halberd and turn his foremost point away with your rearmost point. Step inside with your right foot in front of his left and immediately drive your rearmost point around his neck to his right side. With that yank him towards you so you can throw him.
 +
 
 +
If he intends to throw you like this, change up both hands on your Halberd and set your Halberd on his right arm. Shove him away from you with it so that you are free from harm.
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| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.93|205r|png}}
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| {{section|Page:Cod.10825 196r.jpg|German|lbl=196r}}
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| {{section|Page:Cod.10825 196r.jpg|Latin|lbl=196r}}
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| {{paget|Page:Cod.icon. 393 I|195r|jpg}}
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|
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|-
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|
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| [[File:Mair halberd 08.jpg|300x300px|center|link=http://digital.slub-dresden.de/ppn275428508/414]]
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|
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'''[8] A High Winding out of the Bind with a Lower Sperzen (Obstruction)'''
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 +
It happens that you stand in this technique with your left foot forward and your Halberd at your right chest with the point opposite his face. Immediately step in with your right foot and hit him with an inverted strike to his head.
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 +
If he strikes you from above and you stand with your left foot forward, displace this with your blade and immediately bind him. Then change through from his left to his right side, wind over his Halberd with that and press strongly downward (as seen on right side of illustration).
 +
 
 +
If he has obstructed you like this, follow outward with your left foot and wind your Halberd once again strongly to him with the point in his face. If he sets this aside, step with your right foot in front of his left and wind your rearmost point inward between his arms over his right arm. Press downward with that at your right side so you can strike to his head with your blade.
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 +
If he has wound hard upon you like this, change through your left hand quickly once again on your Halberd, immediately step back with your left foot and strike with your rearmost point to his head.
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| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.93|205v|png}}
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| {{section|Page:Cod.10825 196v.jpg|German|lbl=196v}}
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| {{section|Page:Cod.10825 196v.jpg|Latin|lbl=196v}}
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| {{paget|Page:Cod.icon. 393 I|195v|jpg}}
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|
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|-
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|
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| [[File:Mair halberd 09.jpg|300x300px|center|link=http://digital.slub-dresden.de/ppn275428508/415]]
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|
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'''[9] An Inside Arm Thrust against a Face Thrust'''
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 +
When you come together at the closing and he thrusts to your face, step in with your left foot and thrust inside of his left arm. At the same time set the blade upon him and with it shove him away from you to his right side so that his thrust is in vain. Then quickly yank your Halberd towards you and thrust your foremost point to his chest.
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 +
If he thrusts like this to your chest, set your left leg back and set it aside with your blade. Then immediately move your Halberd up for his face, step in once again with your left foot and wind your point to his face or chest.
 +
 
 +
If he winds like this to your face, take this aside from one side to the other and then immediately step in with your right foot and strike with your rearmost point to his head. If he displaces your strike, step with your left foot to his right side and strike with your blade to his right arm.
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 +
If he strikes towards you like this, take it aside with your rearmost point and wind your foremost point from below to his chest. Then immediately step in with your right leg and strike with your rearmost point to his head.
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| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.93|206r|png}}
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| {{section|Page:Cod.10825 197r.jpg|German|lbl=197r}}
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| {{section|Page:Cod.10825 197r.jpg|Latin|lbl=197r}}
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| {{paget|Page:Cod.icon. 393 I|196r|jpg}}
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|
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|-
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|
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| [[File:Mair halberd 10.jpg|300x300px|center|link=http://digital.slub-dresden.de/ppn275428508/416]]
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|
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'''[10] A Chest Thrust with a Sperzen'''
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 +
It happens that you stand in this technique with your left foot forward and hold your Halberd above your right chest. Then immediately thrust with the foremost point of your Halberd to his chest.
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 +
If you then likewise stand against him with your right foot forward and he thrusts towards you, set the thrust aside in front with your Halberd, then immediately fall over his blade with your Halberd and pivot yourself to your left side so that you obstruct his Halberd (as seen in illustration). From the obstruction grip with your left hand to your right, set your right foot back and strike from above to his head.
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 +
If he strikes from above towards you like this, step back with your left leg and set this aside with the foremost point of your Halberd. Then immediately shove strongly upward with your Halberd, step in with your right foot and wind your rearmost point to his throat. If he sets this aside, follow outward with your left foot and strike with your blade to his head.
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 +
If he strikes you like this from above, displace it to your right side with the portion of your Halberd between your hands. With that strike double while moving back.
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| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.93|206v|png}}
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| {{section|Page:Cod.10825 197v.jpg|German|lbl=197v}}
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| {{section|Page:Cod.10825 197v.jpg|Latin|lbl=197v}}
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| {{paget|Page:Cod.icon. 393 I|196v|jpg}}
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|
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|-
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|
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| [[File:Mair halberd 11.jpg|300x300px|center|link=http://digital.slub-dresden.de/ppn275428508/417]]
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|
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'''[11] A Prusthau from below against an Oberhau with a Reyssen (Snatch)'''
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 +
It happens that you stand at the closing with your right foot forward and go forth with the Prusthau (chest strike) from below to his left arm and change up your hand on your Halberd.  Then immediately pivot from your right to your left side and snatch to yourself (seen in illustration).
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 +
If he snatches you towards himself like this with the strong and you stand with your left foot forward, change through your left hand quickly on your Halberd and strike to his head from above. If he displaces this with his foremost point, then wind from below to his chest at his right side.
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 +
Should you perceive this thrust, set your right foot back and take it aside with your rearmost point. Then immediately work with this same point from one side to the other, follow outward with your right leg and wind your Halberd in between his arms to his chest over his left arm. If he does not release his hand from his Halberd you will lock his arm.
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 +
If he intends to lock your arm like this, change up your hand on your Halberd, step in immediately with your right foot and thrust your rearmost point to his groin. With that you are free of him.
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| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.93|207r|png}}
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| {{section|Page:Cod.10825 198r.jpg|German|lbl=198r}}
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| {{section|Page:Cod.10825 198r.jpg|Latin|lbl=198r}}
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| {{paget|Page:Cod.icon. 393 I|197r|jpg}}
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|
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|-
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|
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| [[File:Mair halberd 12.jpg|300x300px|center|link=http://digital.slub-dresden.de/ppn275428508/418]]
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|
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'''[12] Two Reyssen from above out of the Bind'''
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 +
When you both come together at the closing and the opponent has initiated the bind, step with your right foot in front of your left and wind your blade forward around his neck.
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 +
If he intends to snatch you like this with his blade and you stand with your left foot forward, likewise wind your Halberd around his neck and snatch strongly towards yourself (seen in illustration).
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 +
If he then snatches strongly towards himself like this, step in with your left leg and take his Halberd away with your rearmost point at your left side. Then immediately drive your rearmost point forward around his neck, set your right leg behind his left and snatch to your right side. Thus you can throw him.
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 +
If he intends to throw you like this, release your left hand from your Halberd, grip with it well behind his right elbow and shove away from you so that you are free. Then immediately quickly grip again with your left hand to your Halberd and strike to his head. With that change yourself from him to the rear.
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| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.93|207v|png}}
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| {{section|Page:Cod.10825 198v.jpg|German|lbl=198v}}
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| {{section|Page:Cod.10825 198v.jpg|Latin|lbl=198v}}
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| {{paget|Page:Cod.icon. 393 I|197v|jpg}}
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|
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|-
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|
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| [[File:Mair halberd 13.jpg|300x300px|center|link=http://digital.slub-dresden.de/ppn275428508/419]]
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|
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'''[13] A Reyssen from Below against a Gewalt Stoss (Power Thrust)'''
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 +
It happens that you stand with your left foot forward and hold your Halberd near your left leg with the blade directed at the opponent. He then stands opposite to you in the Gewalt Stoss (Power Thrust) with his left foot set forward and intends to thrust towards you. So go forward with your Halberd around his leg and pivot from your left to your right side (as in illustration). Thus you snatch him towards you, his thrust can bring you little harm and you can also throw him.
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 +
If he has prepared like this and intends to throw you, quickly release your Halberd from his throat, set the blade on his Halberd and press strongly downward so that you are free of his throw. Then immediately drive quickly from his Halberd up towards his face. If he displaces this, change through from his left to his right side and thrust to his throat. If he displaces this as well, step in with your right foot and wind your rearmost point to his face.
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 +
If he works towards you like this, set your left foot back and take away his foremost point with your rearmost point. Then immediately step in with your left foot and wind your foremost point to his face. With that yank yourself back into the Wechsel.
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| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.93|208r|png}}
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| {{section|Page:Cod.10825 199r.jpg|German|lbl=199r}}
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| {{section|Page:Cod.10825 199r.jpg|Latin|lbl=199r}}
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| {{paget|Page:Cod.icon. 393 I|198r|jpg}}
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|
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|-
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|
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| [[File:Mair halberd 14.jpg|300x300px|center|link=http://digital.slub-dresden.de/ppn275428508/420]]
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|
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'''[14] A Winding with a Throw'''
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 +
When you both come together at the closing and have equally bound upon each other, change through at his Halberd from his right to his left side and thrust to his left arm. Should he perceive this thrust and displace it, change through double and seek his nearest opening.
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 +
If he seeks your opening like this, stroke with your Halberd from below to in front of his face and strike his foremost arm. Then immediately bind strongly on his Halberd and quickly change through to thrust him double to his face.
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 +
If he thrusts double like this towards you, take this aside with the foremost point of your Halberd such that your left foot stands forward. You then likewise stand opposite to him with your left foot forward. Then take away his Halberd with your rearmost point, step with your right foot behind his left and set your rearmost point in front of and around his neck (as in illustration). With that yank strongly from above to yourself so that you throw him over your right leg.
 +
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.93|208v|png}}
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| {{section|Page:Cod.10825 199v.jpg|German|lbl=199v}}
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| {{section|Page:Cod.10825 199v.jpg|Latin|lbl=199v}}
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| {{paget|Page:Cod.icon. 393 I|198v|jpg}}
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|
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|-
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|
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| [[File:Mair halberd 15.jpg|300x300px|center|link=http://digital.slub-dresden.de/ppn275428508/421]]
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|
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'''[15] An Ubergeen (Going Over) from above along with a Side Thrust'''
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 +
It happens that you stand at this closing with your left foot forward and hold your Halberd at your right side with the point directed against the opponent. He then stands also like this against you at the closing. Bind with him equally and then wind your blade behind his hook and shove upwards with it.
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 +
If he has prepared your Halberd like this and shoves upward, step with your right foot behind his left, yank your Halberd over and thrust from below with your rearmost point to his left side (as in illustration). Then immediately set your right foot to the rear again and strike with your blade to his head.
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 +
If he works at you like this, take it aside with your rearmost point and immediately follow outward with your right foot and strike his left arm. If he displaces this, wind in with your rearmost point between his arms to his chest and immediately step back with your right leg and strike to his head. Thus you strike as you get away from him.
 +
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.93|209r|png}}
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| {{section|Page:Cod.10825 200r.jpg|German|lbl=200r}}
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| {{section|Page:Cod.10825 200r.jpg|Latin|lbl=200r}}
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| {{paget|Page:Cod.icon. 393 I|199r|jpg}}
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|
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|-
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|
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| [[File:Mair halberd 16.jpg|300x300px|center|link=http://digital.slub-dresden.de/ppn275428508/422]]
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|
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'''[16] An Underhau with an Absetzen in the Half-Halberd'''
 +
 
 +
It happens that you stand at the closing against the opponent with your left foot forward and hold your Halberd at your right side. He then stands likewise opposite to you in the Underhau with his right foot set forward and the Halberd on his left side. Stroke upwards towards his face with your Halberd.
 +
 
 +
If he goes towards your face like this, strike from below to his left arm (as in illustration, though there is an artistic error).
 +
 
 +
If he strikes to your left arm like this, set it aside with your half-Halberd at your right side and then immediately set your blade over his left arm and press downward with it.
 +
 
 +
If he presses downward with strength like this, step with your left foot behind his right and strike with your rearmost point to his head. Then quickly yank your right foot back and wind your foremost point to his chest.
 +
 
 +
If he winds like this towards you, set it aside with your half-Halberd and wind your rearmost point over his left arm from below. With that snatch to your right side and then yank yourself back from him with an Oberhau.
 +
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.93|209v|png}}
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| {{section|Page:Cod.10825 200v.jpg|German|lbl=200v}}
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| {{paget|Page:Cod.icon. 393 I|199v|jpg}}
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| [[File:Mair halberd 17.jpg|300x300px|center|link=http://digital.slub-dresden.de/ppn275428508/423]]
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'''[17] A Cut with a Throw out of the Hacken (Leg Hook)'''
 +
 
 +
Hold yourself as follows at the closing out of a Schnit (cut) from above. Stand with your right foot forward and hold your Halberd above your head with the blade turned upwards.
 +
 
 +
You then stand against him like this with your right leg set forward, so hold your Halberd at your right side directed towards his face. Then immediately step in with your left leg and set your blade in front of his throat.
 +
 
 +
If he has set upon you like this, set your rearmost point under his left shoulder and shove to your right side. Then immediately step back with your right foot and cut to his head from above with your blade.
 +
 
 +
If he cuts to your head like this, drive up with your Halberd well in front of your head and displace his cut with your blade. Then immediately step with your right foot behind his left and take his Halberd away from above with your rearmost point.
 +
 
 +
If he takes your Halberd away like this, step back with your left foot and wind your rearmost point to his left arm.
 +
 
 +
If he winds towards you like this, step with your left foot behind his right, set your blade in front of his throat and place the Hacken (leg hook) around his right foot from the outside (as in illustration). Then immediately shove strongly away from you from above and jerk towards you from below so that he must fall.
 +
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.93|210r|png}}
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| {{section|Page:Cod.10825 201r.jpg|German|lbl=201r}}
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| {{section|Page:Cod.10825 201r.jpg|Latin|lbl=201r}}
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| {{paget|Page:Cod.icon. 393 I|200r|jpg}}
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| [[File:Mair halberd 18.jpg|300x300px|center|link=http://digital.slub-dresden.de/ppn275428508/424]]
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'''[18] A Verkerer (Inverter) against an Underhau'''
 +
 
 +
It happens in the Verkerer (inverter) that you pivot around on your right foot to your left side in an Oberhau such that your left foot is turned against the opponent. Then immediately strike to his head with an Oberhau.
 +
 
 +
If he strikes from above like this towards you and you stand with your left foot forward with your rearmost point directed at the ground out front opposite the opponent (as in illustration), then drive up with this same point and take his strike away. Then immediately step in with your right leg and strike from below with an Underhau to his left arm. If he displaces this, go with your rearmost point to your right side and at the same time step back with your right leg and change your foremost point from his left to his right side towards his face.
 +
 
 +
If he changes likes this towards your face, displace this in front with your Halberd and immediately wind through on his Halberd from one side to the other to seek his nearest opening. If he sets this aside, step in with your right leg and take his Halberd away with your rearmost point. With that thrust to his face or chest. Then step back into the Wechsel.
 +
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.93|210v|png}}
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| {{section|Page:Cod.10825 201v.jpg|German|lbl=201v}}
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| {{section|Page:Cod.10825 201v.jpg|Latin|lbl=201v}}
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| {{paget|Page:Cod.icon. 393 I|200v|jpg}}
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|-
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| [[File:Mair halberd 19.jpg|300x300px|center|link=http://digital.slub-dresden.de/ppn275428508/425]]
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 +
'''[19] A Halberd Capture with a Throw'''
 +
 
 +
When you come together at the closing and have bound equally with each other, change through from his right to his left side with a thrust. If he takes this aside, step in with your right leg and take his blade away with your rearmost point at your right side.
 +
 
 +
If he intends to take your Halberd away like this, step back with your left foot and thrust your rearmost point to his chest. If he displaces this, step in towards him once again double and hit him with your rearmost point to his head.
 +
 
 +
If he hits towards your head like this, displace this at the mid-point of your Halberd, then immediately grab with your left hand to his rearmost point and with your right hand to his foremost such that you have both Halberds in your hands. Then immediately step with your left foot onto his right knee so you can break his leg in two.
 +
 
 +
If he has prepared both Halberds together like this and intends to step upon you, release your right hand from your Halberd and drive it around the back of his knee from the outside (as in illustration). Then immediately shove strongly away from you with your left hand and yank hard upwards from below so that he must fall and can work no further harm towards you.
 +
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.93|211r|png}}
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| {{section|Page:Cod.10825 202r.jpg|German|lbl=202r}}
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| {{section|Page:Cod.10825 202r.jpg|Latin|lbl=202r}}
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| {{paget|Page:Cod.icon. 393 I|201r|jpg}}
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|-
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| [[File:Mair halberd 20.jpg|300x300px|center|link=http://digital.slub-dresden.de/ppn275428508/426]]
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|
 +
'''[20] A Bainpruch (Leg Lock) against a Nackstoss (Neck Thrust)'''
 +
 
 +
When you come together at the closing and have bound each other equally, hold your Halberd opposite his face and then immediately change aside on his Halberd and thrust to his face.  Should he perceive this thrust and displace it, step in with your right foot and wind your rearmost point from below to his left arm.
 +
 
 +
If he winds towards you from below like this, change up your left hand quickly on your Halberd and thrust with your foremost point to his chest. If he displaces this, strike with your rearmost point to his head.
 +
 
 +
If he strikes you like this from above, step back with your right foot and take his strike away with your foremost point. Then immediately wind strongly beneath his Halberd and shove it upward. Then step in double towards him and let your Halberd fall, grab with your right hand below to his left foot and with your left shove powerfully at his left knee so that you can lock his leg or throw him.
 +
 
 +
If he has prepared you like this, set your Halberd at the nape of his neck and press strongly downward (as in illustration). Thus you counter his efforts.
 +
| {{paget|Page:MS Dresd.C.93|211v|png}}
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| {{section|Page:Cod.10825 202v.jpg|German|lbl=202v}}
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| {{section|Page:Cod.10825 202v.jpg|Latin|lbl=202v}}
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| {{paget|Page:Cod.icon. 393 I|201v|jpg}}
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|-
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| [[File:Mair mixed 33.jpg|300x300px|center|link=http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00006570/image_373]]
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 +
'''[21] '''
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| {{paget|Page:Cod.icon. 393 I|185r|jpg}}
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Revision as of 03:41, 9 March 2014

Paulus Hector Mair

"Mair", Cod.icon. 312b f 64r
Born 1517
Augsburg, Germany
Died 10 Dec 1579 (age 62)
Augsburg, Germany
Occupation
  • Civil servant
  • Historian
Nationality German
Movement
Influences
Genres
Language
Notable work(s) Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica
Manuscript(s)
First printed
english edition
Knight and Hunt, 2008
Concordance by Michael Chidester
Translations Traduction française
Signature Paulus Hector Mair Sig.png

Paulus Hector Mair (1517 – 1579) was a 16th century German civil servant and fencing enthusiast. He was born in Augsburg in 1517 to a wealthy and influential family in the German middle class (Bürger). In his youth, he likely received training in fencing and grappling from the masters of Augsburg fencing guild, and early on developed a deep fascination with fencing manuals. He began his civil service as a secretary to the Augsburg City Council; by 1541, Mair was the Augsburg City Treasurer, and in 1545 he also took on the duty of Master of Rations.

Mair lead a lavish lifestyle and maintained his political influence with expensive parties and other entertainments for the burghers and city officials of Augsburg. Despite his personal wealth and ample income, Mair spent decades living far beyond his means and taking money from the Augsburg city coffers to cover his expenses. This embezzlement was not discovered until 1579, when a disgruntled assistant reported him to the Augsburg City Council and provoked an audit of his books. Mair was arrested and tried for his crimes, and hanged as a thief at the age of 62.

While Mair is not known to have ever certified as a fencing master, he was an avid collector of fencing manuals and other literature on military history, and some portion of his embezzlement was used to fund this hobby. Perhaps most significant of all of his acquisitions was the partially-completed manual of Antonius Rast, a Master of the Longsword and one-time captain of the Marxbrüder fencing guild. The venerable master died in 1549 without completing it, and Mair ultimately was able to produce the Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 based on his notes. In sum, he purchased over a dozen fencing manuscripts over the course of his life, many of them from fellow collector David Lienhart Sollinger (a Freifechter who lived in Augsburg for many years). After Mair's death, this collection was sold at auction as part of an attempt to recoup some of the funds Mair had appropriated.

Already in Mair's lifetime some of his people's Medieval martial arts were being forgotten; this was tragic to Mair, who viewed the arts of fencing as a civilizing and character-building influence on men. In order to preserve as much of the art as possible, Mair commissioned a massive fencing compendium titled Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica ("The Greatest Work on the Athletic Arts"), and in it he compiled all of the fencing lore that he could access. He retained famed Augsburg painter Jörg Breu the Younger to create the art for the text, and according to Hils Mair also hired two fencing masters to pose for the illustrations.[citation needed] This project was extraordinarily expensive and took at least four years to complete. Ultimately, three copies of the massive fencing manual—six volumes in all—were produced, the first entirely in Early New High German, another entirely in New Latin, and a third including both languages.

Whether viewed as a noble scholar who made the ultimate sacrifice for his art or an ignoble thief who robbed the city that trusted him, Mair remains one of the most influential figures in the history of Kunst des Fechtens. By completing the fencing manual of Antonius Rast, Mair gave us valuable insight into the Nuremberg fencing tradition, and his extensive commentary on the uncaptioned treatises in his collection serves to make useful training aids out of what would otherwise be mere curiosities. Finally, while his collection of manuscripts was dispersed after his death, most been preserved to this day instead of disappearing as did so many others, significantly expanding the corpus of historical European martial arts literature.

Mair's Collection

The following are the fencing manuals that Mair is known to have owned during his life:

Manuscripts

Books

Treatise

Additional Resources

  • Hunt, Brian. "Paulus Hector Mair: Peasant Staff and Flail." Masters of Medieval and Renaissance Martial Arts. Ed. Jeffrey Hull. Boulder, CO: Paladin Press, 2008. ISBN 978-1-58160-668-3
  • Knight, David James, and Hunt, Brian. The Polearms of Paulus Hector Mair. Boulder, CO: Paladin Press, 2008. ISBN 978-1-58160-644-7

References

  1. 'Long edge' is not listed in ty.
  2. sic : beide
  3. Marginalie unleserlich
  4. ”streck dein leyb und deine armen wol”
  5. sic : seinem ?
  6. The words are marked with numbers above. Probably it is to keep track of word order.
  7. sic : hinndersich
  8. sic : widerumb
  9. sic : seinem
  10. sic : schniten
  11. sic : seinnen ?
  12. 21r
  13. Literally: put
  14. Literally: pull back the left foot
  15. German: his
  16. German: grab with your left hand from below outside over his right arm
  17. rechten
  18. Barred, or bolted.
  19. Pliers, or fire-tongs.
  20. Wrestlers wear a leather collar? Hmmm...
  21. Comb, carder?
  22. A variant on the o-goshi in judo.
  23. sic : Im mit
  24. »sst« oberhalb der Zeile korrigiert aus »fft«
  25. Which is what?
  26. Note: Change of grip required, or the illustration does not match.
  27. Dagger transfer necessary at this point.
  28. Note: person on left side starts with the dagger in the left hand according to the illustration.
  29. Note: push down, not out
  30. Arbait - technical term: work, force, struggle
  31. Vienna and Munich MS Latin: right.
  32. read: locitur
  33. Latin: snatch up.
  34. Note: the illustration shows ice-pick grip.
  35. "You will lick it!" Not pleasant if the dagger is lying on it. Especially in cold weather.
  36. May not represent the changing though described.
  37. Note illustration shows ice-pick grip.
  38. Note: left is corrected from a right. Left is correct.
  39. This seems to imply both parallel action and simultaneity.
  40. Reib - strong twisting, bending, rotating motion.
  41. Image shows left.
  42. From the inner side.
  43. From the Latin text
  44. Correct from underich.
  45. Could also mean immediately
  46. Only in the Latin.
  47. Inn - unclear whether directional or locational.
  48. The one in the left hand?
  49. Only in the Latin.
  50. Possible abbreviation of gegen – geg.
  51. Odd squiggle in the middle—f from previous line?
  52. Scribal error for pungito?
  53. Strange squiggle above the c.
  54. Squiggle – looks like the Munich MS symbol for us?
  55. Error for interim?
  56. Written as “in Clinando”
  57. NB, likely scribal error for “laevam”
  58. Second u has three dots almost like ǜ.
  59. Error for dextrum?
  60. sic : verborgnen