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Difference between revisions of "Pseudo-Peter von Danzig"

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<p>Thus position yourself with the Barrier-Guard on your left side: When you come to him with the pre-fencing, then stand with the right foot before and hold your sword near your left side on the earth with crossed hands so that the short edge is above, and give an opening with the right side. If he then hews to the opening, then spring from the hew against him with the left foot well on his right side and strike him with the short edge over the hands in the spring.</p>
 
<p>Thus position yourself with the Barrier-Guard on your left side: When you come to him with the pre-fencing, then stand with the right foot before and hold your sword near your left side on the earth with crossed hands so that the short edge is above, and give an opening with the right side. If he then hews to the opening, then spring from the hew against him with the left foot well on his right side and strike him with the short edge over the hands in the spring.</p>
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<p>When he has bound on your sword, if he then stands against you in the bind and waits to see if you yourself will draw off from the sword, then do as if you will Pull, but remain on his sword, and Pull your sword on you as far as half the blade, and stab in quickly again into the face or the breast. If you do not hit him correctly with the stab, then work with the Doubling or otherwise with other techniques which are best.</p>
 
<p>When he has bound on your sword, if he then stands against you in the bind and waits to see if you yourself will draw off from the sword, then do as if you will Pull, but remain on his sword, and Pull your sword on you as far as half the blade, and stab in quickly again into the face or the breast. If you do not hit him correctly with the stab, then work with the Doubling or otherwise with other techniques which are best.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 032r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 032r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
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| rowspan="2" | [[File:MS Germ.Quart.2020 054r.jpg|250px|center]]
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| <p>[117] {{red|b=1|Here mark the text and the gloss of the Running-through and of the wrestling on the sword:}}</p>
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<p>{{red|Run-through, let hang<br/>With the pommel. Grip if you will wrestle.<br/>Who is Strong against you,<br/>Running-through therewith mark.}}</p>
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<p>Gloss: mark the Running-through and the wrestling are of two kinds with the sword. The Running-throughs are the body wrestling, and are then thereafter the arm wrestlings. And they pertain to driving against the fencers that like to run in.</p>
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{{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 032r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
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{{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 032v.jpg|1|lbl=32v}}
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| <p>[118] {{red|b=1|The Running-through, drive the first of that thus:}}</p>
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<p>Mark, when he runs into you and drives high up with the arms and will overwhelm you above with strength, then drive also up with the arms, and hold your sword by the pommel over your head with your left hand and let the blade hang down behind over your back, and Run with your head through your arm against his right side, and spring with your right foot behind his right, and with the spring then drive in with your right arm against his left side in front, well around his body, and grasp him thus on your right hip and throw him before you backwards on his head.</p>
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| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 032v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
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| [[File:MS Germ.Quart.2020 054v.jpg|250px|center]]
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| <p>[119] {{red|b=1|Yet another body wrestling:}}</p>
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<p>Mark, when he runs into you with up-stretched arms, and you do so against him, then Run-through him with the head to his right side, and let your sword hang behind over your back, as before stated describes, and step with the right foot in front before his right, and drive in with the right arm below his right arm through behind around his body, and grasp him on your right hip and throw him behind you. Drive these two wrestlings to both sides.</p>
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{{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 032v.jpg|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 033r.jpg|1|lbl=33r|p=1}}
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| [[File:MS Germ.Quart.2020 055r.jpg|250px|center]]
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| <p>[120] {{red|b=1|Yet another body wrestling:}}</p>
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<p>Mark, when he runs into your right side and is high with the arms, and you are also, then hold your sword in the right hand with the pommel reversed, and thrust his arms and his sword from you with the hilt, and spring with the left foot in front before both his feet, and drive in with the left arm well behind around his body and grasp him on your left hip, and throw him before you.</p>
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| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 033r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
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| [[File:MS Germ.Quart.2020 055v.jpg|250px|center]]
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| <p>[121] {{red|b=1|Yet another body wrestling:}}</p>
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<p>Mark, when he runs into you and is high with the arms, and you are also, then hold your sword in the right hand and thrust his arms from you therewith, and spring with the left foot behind his right, and drive in with the left arm through below before his breast on his left side, and grasp him on your left hip and throw him behind you. Drive these two wrestlings also to both sides.</p>
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| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 033r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
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| <p>[122] {{red|b=1|Here mark now the arm wrestling with the sword:}}</p>
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<p>Mark, when one runs into you with the sword and holds his hands low, then invert your left hand and therewith grip his right inwardly between both his hands, and press him therewith on your left side, and strike in with the sword with the right over his head.</p>
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{{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 033r.jpg|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 033v.jpg|1|lbl=33v|p=1}}
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| <p>[123] {{red|b=1|Another}}</p>
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<p>If you will not strike, then spring with the right foot behind his left and drive in with the right arm in front or behind his neck and throw him thus over your right knee.</p>
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| <p>[124] {{red|b=1|Yet an arm wrestling:}}</p>
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<p>Mark, when he runs into you with the sword and is low with the hands, then let your left hand drive from the sword, and drive in with the right with the pommel out over his right hand and press therewith down, and grip him with the left hand by his right elbow, and spring with the left foot before his right and thrust him over thus.</p>
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| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 033v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
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| <p>[125] {{red|b=1|Yet an arm wrestling:}}</p>
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<p>Mark, when he runs into you with the sword, then let your sword fall and invert your right hand and grip his right outwardly therewith, and with the left grasp him by the right elbow, and spring with the left foot before his right, and thrust his right arm over your left with the right hand, and heave him over you therewith. Thus may you break his arm or throw him over the left leg before you if you want.</p>
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| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 033v.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
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| <p>[126] {{red|b=1|Here mark a sword taking:}}</p>
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<p>Mark, when one runs into you with the sword, then invert your left hand and drive therewith over his right arm and grip his sword by the handle therewith between both his hands, and press therewith on your left side, so you take his sword.</p>
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| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 033v.jpg|5|lbl=-}}
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{{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 034r.jpg|1|lbl=34r}}
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| <p>[127] {{red|b=1|Yet another sword taking:}}</p>
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<p>Mark, when he parries or otherwise binds on your sword, then grip both swords in the middle with the left hand on the blades, and hold them both fast together, and with the right hand drive with the pommel below through in front over both his hands, and press therewith upwards on your right side. Then you remain with both swords.</p>
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| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 034r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
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| <p>[128] {{red|b=1|Here mark the text and the gloss of Slicing-off:}}</p>
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<p>{{red|Slice off the hard ones<br/>From below in both drivings.}}</p>
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<p>Gloss: Mark, that is what you shall drive when one binds on your sword strongly above, or thereon falls, and that undertake thus: When you fence-to with the Under-hewing or with the slashing, or lie against him in the guard Fool, if he then falls with his sword on yours before you therewith come up, then remain below on his sword and heave upwards with the short edge fast. If he then presses your sword downwards fast, then slash off from his sword with your sword behind yourself from below on his blade, and hew in to the other side on his sword’s blade quickly again above into his mouth.</p>
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{{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 034r.jpg|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 034v.jpg|1|lbl=34v|p=1}}
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| <p>[129] {{red|b=1|Yet another:}}</p>
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<p>When you fence-to him with Under-hewing, or lie in the guard Fool, if he then falls with the sword on yours nearby the hilt before you therewith come up, so that his point goes out to your right side, then drive up nimbly with the pommel over his sword and strike with the long edge to his head. Or if he binds on your sword so that his point goes out to your left side, then drive with the pommel over his sword and strike in with the short edge to his head. That is called the Snapping.</p>
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| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 034v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
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| <p>[130] {{red|b=1|Here mark the text and the gloss of the Four Slices:}}</p>
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<p>{{red|Four are the Slices,<br/>Two below, with two above.}}</p>
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<p>Gloss: Mark the Four Slices; know that the first are the two Overs which pertain to driving against the fencers that like to strike around with the Thwart or otherwise to the other side from the parrying or from the bind of the sword.</p>
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{{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 034v.jpg|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 035r.jpg|1|lbl=35r|p=1}}
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| <p>[131] {{red|b=1|Break that thus:}}</p>
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<p>When he binds you on your sword to your left side and strikes therewith quickly again around with the left foot on your right side, then fall in with the long edge above over both arms and press with the slice from you. You shall always drive that to both sides when he strikes around from the parrying, or hews from the sword.</p>
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| <p>[132] {{red|b=1|Mark}}</p>
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<p>That the two Under-slices pertain to driving against the fencers that like to run in with outstretched arms, that drive thus: when he binds on your sword and drives high up with the arms and runs into you on your left side, then invert your sword so that your thumb comes below, and fall in with the long edge under the pommel in his arm and press upward with the slice.</p>
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| <p>[133] {{red|b=1|Or}} if he runs with out-stretched arms to your right side, then invert your sword so that your thumb comes below and fall in with the short edge under his pommel in the arms and press upwards with the slice. Those are the Four Slices.</p>
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| <p>[134] {{red|b=1|Here mark the text and the gloss of the turning of the slices:}}</p>
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<p>{{red|Your edge turn,<br/>To escape, press the hands.}}</p>
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<p>Gloss: Mark, that is how you shall drive the two Over-slices from the two Under-slices. That undertake thus: When he runs into you on your left side with up-stretched arms, then invert your sword and fall with the long edge under his pommel in the arm and press fast upwards and step therewith on his right side, and Wind the pommel below through, and come not with the sword from his arms, and turn the sword from the Under-slice into the Over-slice with the long edge over his arms.</p>
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{{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 035v.jpg|1|lbl=35v}}
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| <p>[135] {{red|b=1|Or,}} if he runs in with up-stretched arms to your right side, then turn your sword against his arms under the pommel with the short edge and press fast upwards, and step therewith on his left side and let the pommel go through below and turn your sword with the long edge over his arm and press from you with the slice.</p>
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| <p>[136] {{red|b=1|Here mark the text and the gloss of the two lower hangings:}}</p>
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<p>{{red|Two hangings come<br/>From one hand from the earth.<br/>In all drivings,<br/>Hew, stab, lying, soft or hard.}}</p>
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<p>Gloss: Mark, the two hangings from the earth, that is the Plow on both sides, and when you will fence therefrom, or are fencing, then you shall therein also have the Feeling if he is Soft or Hard in hewing, and in stabbing, and in all binding of the swords.</p>
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| <p>[137] Also you shall therefrom drive the four Windings, and from each Winding feature a hew, a stab, and a slice, and otherwise also drive all driving as from the two upper hangings.</p>
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| <p>[138] {{red|b=1|Here mark the text and the gloss of the Speaking-Window:}}</p>
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<p>{{red|Speaking-Window make.<br/>Stand freely, see his business.<br/>Strike in so that he snaps.<br/>Who pulls off before you,<br/>I say to you truthfully,<br/>No man can protect himself without danger.<br/>Have you understood,<br/>To strikes may he barely come.}}</p>
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<p>Gloss: Mark, you have heard before how you shall position yourself before the man with the sword in the Four Guards and you shall fence therefrom. So shall you now also know the Speaking-Window, which is also a guard that you may well stand in, and the guard that is called the Long Point is the noblest and the best ward with the sword. Who correctly fences therefrom can force the man that he must let you strike as you desire, and may himself not come to strikes and stabs before the point.</p>
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{{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 036r.jpg|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 036v.jpg|1|lbl=36v|p=1}}
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| <p>[139] {{red|b=1|Position yourself thus in the Speaking-Window:}}</p>
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<p>When you go to him with the pre-fencing with whatever hew you then come on him, whether it be a Under or an Over-hew, then let the long point always shoot in to the face or the breast with the hew. Therewith you force him so that he must parry you, or bind on the sword, and when he thus has bound on, then remain strongly with the long edge on the sword and stand freely and see his business; what he further against you will fence. If he pulls off backwards from the sword, then follow after him with the point to the opening. Or, if he strikes around from the sword to the other side, then bind after his hew strongly above to his head. Or, if he will not draw off from the sword or strike around, then work with the Doubling or otherwise with other techniques thereafter as you find him soft or hard on the sword.</p>
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| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 036v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
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| <p>[139] {{red|b=1|This is another stance}}</p>
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<p>And is also called the Speaking-Window. Mark, when you just about come to him with the pre-fencing, then set the left foot before and hold the long point with the arms against his face or his breast before you bind him on the sword, and stand freely and see what he will fence against you. If he then hews long above in to the head, then drive up and Wind against his hew with the sword in the Ox, and stab into his face. Or if he hews to your sword and not to your body, then Change through and stab in to the other side. If he runs in and is high with the arms, then drive the Under-slice. Or if he runs in through with wrestling and is low with the arms, then drive the arm wrestling. Thus you may drive all techniques from the Long Point. If he is low with the arms, then await the arm wrestling. Thus you may drive all techniques from the Long Point.</p>
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| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 036v.jpg|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 037r.jpg|1|lbl=37r|p=1}}
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| <p>[140] {{red|b=1|Here mark the text and the gloss of the explanation on the Four Hangings and the Eight Windings with the sword that the Epitome holds:}}</p>
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<p>{{red|Who drives well, and correctly breaks,<br/>And finally well accounts,<br/>And breaks particularly<br/>Each of the Three Wounders,<br/>Who correctly hangs well,<br/>And brings therewith Winding,<br/>And eight Windings<br/>With correct weighing considers.<br/>And you to one<br/>The same Windings I mean to threaten,<br/>So are they twenty-<br/>And-four pieces only.<br/>From both sides<br/>Learn eight Windings with steps,<br/>And prove the driving,<br/>Not more than Soft or Hard.}}</p>
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<p>Gloss: Mark, this is a lesson and an admonition of Hanging and of Winding with the sword. Therein you shall well meditate on and take account of, so that you boldly drive with agility and break against the others fencers’ techniques correctly, and drive boldly against him therefrom. When the hangings are the Ox above on both sides, these are the two upper hangings, and the Plow below on both sides, these are the lower two hangings. From the Four Hangings you shall bring Eight Windings, four from the Ox, and four from the Plow, and the same Eight Windings you shall further thus consider and correctly weigh, so that from every particular Winding you shall drive the Three Wounders; that is a hew, a stab, and a slice.</p>
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{{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 037r.jpg|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 037v.jpg|1|lbl=37v|p=1}}
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| <p>[141] {{red|b=1|Here mark how you shall drive the four Windings from the right side and from the left side from the two upper hangings, that is, from the Ox:}}</p>
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<p>These are the first two Windings from the Ox on the right side alone, drive them thus: When you come to him with the pre-fencing, then stand with the left foot before and hold your sword on your right side before your head in the Ox. If he then hews from above on his right side, then Wind on your left side against his hew with the short edge on his sword, yet still in the Ox, and stab above into the face. This is one Winding.</p>
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| <p>[142] {{red|b=1|Mark}}</p>
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<p>If he parries the stab with strength and forces your sword on the side, then remain on the sword and Wind again on your right side over in the Ox and stab above into the face. These are the two Windings on the sword from the one upper hanging from the right side.</p>
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{{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 037v.jpg|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 038r.jpg|1|lbl=38r|p=1}}
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| <p>[143] {{red|b=1|Here mark, these are the two other Windings from the Ox on the left side. Drive them thus:}}</p>
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<p>When you come to him with the pre-fencing, then stand on your left side in the Ox, and if he hews then above in from his left side, then Wind against his hew on your right side with the long edge on his sword and stab above in to the face. That is one Winding.</p>
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| <p>[144] {{red|b=1|Mark}}</p>
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<p>If he parries the stab and presses your sword to the side, then remain on the sword and Wind on your left side yet in the Ox with the long edge on his sword, and stab in above to the face. These are the four Windings from the upper two hangers on the left and on the right side.</p>
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| <p>[145] {{red|b=1|Now you shall know…}}</p>
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That the Plow on both sides are the two lower hangings. When you lie therein, or will fence therefrom, then you shall therefrom also drive four Windings from the left and from the right side with all your fencing as from the upper hanging, so the Windings become eight. And mark as you Wind, then think of the hew and of the stab and of the slice in each Winding particularly. Thus comes from driving the Eight Windings all you find described before in the glosses.
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<p>That you may not rightly drive the Eight Windings except with stepping from both sides, and that you prove not more than the two drivings well before, which are when he binds on your sword, he is but Soft or Hard in his driving. When you have found that first, then Wind and work to the Four Openings as described before states. Also know that all fencers that Wind on the sword and cannot Feel on the sword, they become struck by the Winding. Therefore be diligent so that you well mark the Feeling and the word Meanwhile, when from these two things go all the Art of Fencing.</p>
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Revision as of 16:45, 15 May 2016

Gloss and Interpretation of
the Recital on the Long Sword
die gloss und die auslegung der zettel
des langen schwert
Author(s) Unknown
Ascribed to Pseudo-Peter von Danzig
Illustrated by Unknown
Date before 1452
Genre
Language Early New High German
Archetype(s) Hypothetical
Principal
Manuscript(s)
Manuscript(s)
First Printed
English Edition 		Tobler, 2010
Concordance by Michael Chidester
Translations
MS Thott.290.2º 011r.jpg

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This article was last edited by Michael Chidester (talk| contribs) at 16:45, 15 May 2016 (UTC). (Update)

"Pseudo-Peter von Danzig" is the name given to an anonymous late 14th or early 15th century German fencing master.[1] Some time before the creation of the Codex 44.A.8 in 1452, he authored a gloss of Johannes Liechtenauer's Recital (Zettel) which would go on to become the most widespread in the tradition. While his identity remains unknown, it is possible that he was in fact Jud Lew or Sigmund Schining ein Ringeck, both of whose glosses show strong similarities to the work. On the other hand, the introduction to the Rome version of the text—the oldest currently extant—might be construed as attributing it to Liechtenauer himself.

Treatise

Early on in its history, this text seems to have split into two primary branches. The first branch, found in the Rome (1452), Krakow (1510-20), and Augsburg II (1564) versions, has slightly longer descriptions for many devices and is always accompanied by illustrations. The second branch, appearing first in the Augsburg I (1450s) and used in all extant versions except the three listed above, has shorter descriptions but a number of additional devices.

In order to achieve a greater degree of organization and readability, Liechtenauer's verse has been separated into its proper couplets in this presentation. The verse is laid out this way in the Augsburg I and Salzburg versions, but in most of the other manuscripts it is included inline.

Additional Resources

References

  1. ↑ This name stems from the false assumption of many 20th century writers identifying him with Peter von Danzig zum Ingolstadt.
  2. ↑ Squint here means "an askew glance", referring to both the sword's direction of travel and also the use of deception with the eyes with this hew.
  3. ↑ Letter erased and overwritten.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Indecipherable due to an ink blotch.
Early Germanic Traditions
Common Fencing Johannes Liechtenauer reversed.jpg
Wrestling
Liechtenauer
Tradition
Beringer Verse
Augsburg Tradition
Other Works
Fabris Tradition
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