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Paulus Hector Mair
| Paulus Hector Mair | |
|---|---|
 Codex Icon 312b, folio 64r | |
| Born | 1517 Augsburg, Germany |
| Died | 10 Dec 1579 (age 62) Augsburg, Germany |
| Occupation |
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| Nationality | German |
| Movement | |
| Influences | |
| Genres | |
| Language | |
| Notable work(s) | Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica |
| Manuscript(s) |
Codex 10825/10826 (1550s)
|
| First printed english edition |
Knight and Hunt, 2008 |
| Concordance by | Michael Chidester |
| Translations | Traduction française |
| Signature |  |
Paulus Hector Mair (1517 – 1579) was a 16th century German civil servant and fencing enthusiast. He was born in Augsburg in 1517 to a wealthy and influential family in the German middle class (Bürger). In his youth, he likely received training in fencing and grappling from the masters of Augsburg fencing guild, and early on developed a deep fascination with fencing manuals. He began his civil service as a secretary to the Augsburg City Council; by 1541, Mair was the Augsburg City Treasurer, and in 1545 he also took on the duty of Master of Rations.
Mair lead a lavish lifestyle and maintained his political influence with expensive parties and other entertainments for the burghers and city officials of Augsburg. Despite his personal wealth and ample income, Mair spent decades living far beyond his means and taking money from the Augsburg city coffers to cover his expenses. This embezzlement was not discovered until 1579, when a disgruntled assistant reported him to the Augsburg City Council and provoked an audit of his books. Mair was arrested and tried for his crimes, and hanged as a thief at the age of 62.
While Mair is not known to have ever certified as a fencing master, he was an avid collector of fencing manuals and other literature on military history, and some portion of his embezzlement was used to fund this hobby. Perhaps most significant of all of his acquisitions was the partially-completed manual of Antonius Rast, a Master of the Longsword and one-time captain of the Marxbrüder fencing guild. The venerable master died in 1549 without completing it, and Mair ultimately was able to produce the Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 based on his notes. In sum, he purchased over a dozen fencing manuscripts over the course of his life, many of them from fellow collector David Lienhart Sollinger (a Freifechter who lived in Augsburg for many years). After Mair's death, this collection was sold at auction as part of an attempt to recoup some of the funds Mair had appropriated.
Already in Mair's lifetime some of his people's Medieval martial arts were being forgotten; this was tragic to Mair, who viewed the arts of fencing as a civilizing and character-building influence on men. In order to preserve as much of the art as possible, Mair commissioned a massive fencing compendium titled Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica ("The Greatest Work on the Athletic Arts"), and in it he compiled all of the fencing lore that he could access. He retained famed Augsburg painter Jörg Breu the Younger to create the art for the text, and according to Hils Mair also hired two fencing masters to pose for the illustrations.[citation needed] This project was extraordinarily expensive and took at least four years to complete. Ultimately, three copies of the massive fencing manual—six volumes in all—were produced, the first entirely in Early New High German, another entirely in New Latin, and a third including both languages.
Whether viewed as a noble scholar who made the ultimate sacrifice for his art or an ignoble thief who robbed the city that trusted him, Mair remains one of the most influential figures in the history of Kunst des Fechtens. By completing the fencing manual of Antonius Rast, Mair gave us valuable insight into the Nuremberg fencing tradition, and his extensive commentary on the uncaptioned treatises in his collection serves to make useful training aids out of what would otherwise be mere curiosities. Finally, while his collection of manuscripts was dispersed after his death, most been preserved to this day instead of disappearing as did so many others, significantly expanding the corpus of historical European martial arts literature.
Contents
Mair's Collection
The following are the fencing manuals that Mair is known to have owned during his life:
Manuscripts
- Codex I.6.2º.1 - A copy of one of Hans Talhoffer's fencing manuals, possibly the MS XIX.17-3.
- Codex I.6.2º.2 - A compilation of Jörg Wilhalm Hutter's longsword treatise and David Lienhart Sollinger's manuscript reproduction of Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey.
- Codex I.6.2º.3 - A copy of Codex I.6.4º.5 with descriptive text by Hutter.
- Codex I.6.2º.4 - Jörg Breu's sketchbook for his work on Mair's treatises.
- Codex I.6.2º.5 - A compilation of Hans Medel's revision of Sigmund Schining ein Ringeck's treatise, Medel's own writings, fencing prints by Maarten van Heemskerck, and records of the Marxbrüder fencing guild.
- Codex I.6.4º.2 - A compilation of two treatises from the Nuremberg Group and a much older, uncaptioned series of fencing drawings known as pseudo-Gladiatoria.
- Codex I.6.4º.3 - A compilation of several treatises from the tradition of Johannes Liechtenauer, possibly compiled by Jud Lew. (Not verified as being in his collection.)
- Codex I.6.4º.5 - Jörg Wilhalm Hutter's sketchbook.
- MS E.1939.65.354 - Gregor Erhart's fencing manual. (Formerly Codex I.6.4º.4.)
- Reichsstadt "Schätze" Nr. 82 - The expanded and finished version of Antonius Rast's fencing notes.
Books
- Der Altenn Fechter anfengliche kunst, compiled by Christian Egenolff
- Ringer Kunst by Fabian von Auerswald
Treatise
| Source Images | Images | Draft Translation 
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Dresden Version II (1550s) | Vienna Version II (1550s) [German] | Vienna Version II (1550s) [Latin] | Munich Version I (1550s) | Jörg Breu's Sketchbook (1545)
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[1] First engaging into grappling Do as follows when going towards him in this wrestling device: first of all, pay attention to whether he comes at you with his arms high or low. If he holds his arms high, then you do not need to worry about him, and use whatever techniques you want. If his arms are low, however, then keep the thumbs in your hands closed, your left hand on your left side, your right hand att your right side, and your left foot forward. Then enter the scales position, and you have your advantage over him. |
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[2] The first wind-off before the hand* Do as follows in this technique: stand with your left and right arm as described before, so that you may see what your opponent is up to, your left foot forward, and your left hand closed beside your left leg. If your opponent advances on you like this and grabs you by the right shoulder with his left hand, then wind your right closed hand on the outside over his left arm and press down, that way his attempt is countered.
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[3] Closed wrestling* If your opponent advances upon you as mentioned above, then use this technique: reach over his left arm with your left arm and grab hold of the inside of his left leg just above the knee, and step behind him on his right side with your left foot. Now, do keep in mind that your stepping and grabbing him are done at the same time, and fast. Do that, and you will throw him over. Note also that this technique can be done from both sides.
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[4] The weakening of the wrist Do as follows in this device: when he advances on you with his arms close to his chest, and grabs you with his left hand by the right shoulder, then grab with your right hand from outside over his left arm by the wrist and with your left hand grab towards your right. Then, press his left hand with both hands onto your chest, so that he must bend down. Then, turn around from your left side you your right and throw him over your right leg. |
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[5] A throw out of the open tong hold When you both go together, then observe carefully that you grab your opponent with the tong hold, that is with crossed arms, around the neck with your right hand, behind his shoulder by the leather collar that martial arts masters use to wear. If he then tries to free himself with his left arm, and reaches through under your right arm in order to get free of it above, then quickly step with right leg behind both his feet, and grab with your left hand between his legs in his crotch. Lift up with your left, and push hard to your right with your right hand by his neck, and throw him over your forward leg. |
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[6] The pull When you both come together, then grab with your left hand on his right arm. If he then winds with his right arm over your left arm from the outside, then pull your left hand back quickly, reach through and grab him underneath his right arm over his chest, and hold him tight. Then, pull away your right hand and grab him by his right leg, and lift up. Step with your left leg well outside his left and push away hard with your left hand to your left side, and throw him backwards. |
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[7] A run-through under the arm* When you both come together, then grab hold of your opponent's left hand with your right, and pull it up well. Then slip under his left arm with your head and waist, so that you have his left arm on your right shoulder and step with your left foot toward his right, so that your right leg then is in front. Then grab with your left hand well around his waist from behind. By holding him this way you can carry him away.
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[8] A wind-off from both sides When you both come together, then put your left foot in front of his right and grab his left arm from the outside. If he grabs your left arm this way from the outside, then grab hold of his chest with your left hand inside his right arm, and with your right hand in front of his chest. If your opponent holds you thus, then wind your right elbow inside his right elbow and reach through with your left hand under both if his arms. Now, if you push upwards, all his work is in vain, and you are free of him. |
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[9] A winding above and below When you and your opponent both come together, and he grabs you with his left hand inside your right arm, then step with your left leg behind his right. Grab him with your right hand from well behind, in his left arm and twist it upwards. If he does the same to you, then reach through and grab with your right arm underneath his right arm, and turn it to your left side. If he twists you up this way, then pull your left hand back quickly and put it on his right elbow, push it down and push away from you above, then you will throw him over your left leg. |
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[10] The wheel If you both hold each other by the arms in the elbows, then put your feet together and swing him well out of the wheel to your right side. If he swings you around this way, then lean your head on his right shoulder, and let go of your arms, and grab hold of them above from the inside. If he winds his arms above both of your arms, then step inside his left foot with your right, and swing him out of the wheel in front of you on your left side. |
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[11] The Wheel in front of your opponent Do as follows in this technique: step forward with your left foot so that you have both his legs between both of yours. Now, grab with your right hand on top of his elbow, and with your left hand in his right hand under his armpit, and throw him through the wheel over your left leg. If you want to counter this, then let go of his left shoulder with your right hand and grab hold of his neck with it, and it will be hindered. |
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[12] Closed wrestling* Do as follows in this bolted hold technique: step forward with your left leg between both his legs and in behind his right heel. If he has stepped in this way to you, then grab him with your left hand in front of his right shoulder, and with your right around behind his waist in support of your left hand, press him against you. If he holds you this way, and presses you against him, then grab with your left arm over his left, and with your right underneath behind his knee, and with support of the left hand, lift up, and push away from you with your left shoulder, and you will throw him.
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[13] A stepping in/stepping together with a throw Execute this technique thus: step in front of both his legs with your left leg, and grab with your right hand on the outside of his left shoulder, and with reach around his waist behind with your left on his right side. If he wants to get free from you, and grips with his left hand in your right shoulder, then push him forcefully in his left armpit with your right elbow, and swing him over your left leg onto his back. |
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[14] A throw from the upper weak point Do as follows in this technique: step with your left leg behind his right and grab the opponent with your left hand under his chin, and with your right hand well above his shoulder. If he then wants to resist your throw, and grabs you with both his arms inside your arms, then just press him down with forcefully with your left hand by his neck, and he will not be able to withstand, then throw him backwards over your left leg.
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[15] A throw out of the armtwist Do the following technique thus: step in front of his left leg with your right and reach around behind his waist with your right arm to his right side, and with your left hand, grab hold of his right elbow, and pull him towards you on your right side. If he wishes to step into a throw, then grab him with your right hand over his chest on his left shoulder and with your left around his waist onto his left side. Then, step with back with your left leg and swing him over right hip on your right side, and you will throw him away from you. |
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[16] A throw out of the scales. Do as follows in this scale throw: when you both go together, then step out with your right leg in front of both is legs, and grab him by the right shoulder with your left hand, and reach through with your right hand underneath his left arm around his waist. If he holds you in the same way in order to throw you over, then reach around his waist grab hold of his right arm with your left arm, and use the right arm to support. If he holds you the same way, and is determined to stay standing, then throw him nevertheless over both legs the way you are holding him. |
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[17] A throw from the swing Do as follows in this technique: step with your right foot inside his right and grab him with your right hand over his chest on his left side, and with your left hand well above in his right leg. If he has taken hold of you this way, then grab him under his left arm with your right in his armpit, and with your left inside of his right arm, and press him down. If he wants to resist your swing this way, then step with your left leg behind his right and swing him to the ground over your left leg. |
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[18] A common throw When you both go together, then step with your left leg between his both feet, and grab him with your left hand behind his right leg, and with your right hand below by his crotch, and swing him around on your right side. If he swings you round this way, then strike with your left foot around his left in a leg hook, and he must fall. |
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[19] A throw out of the scales Execute this technique thus: when you go together, step in with your left leg and grab him forcefully with your right hand around his waist on his left side, and with left hand above in his right leg. If he on the other side has taken hold of you in this manner, then you too grab hold of him with your left hand around his waist on his right side, and with your right hand reach through under his left arm and grab hold above on his left leg. Now that you both hold each other in the scales, then step with your right leg in front of his left and swing him over it out of the scales. |
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[20] A throw out of strength Do as follows: when you go together, step with your left leg outside behind his right and take hold of his waist with your right hand on his right side and with your left hand grab him around the belly. If he taken hold of you thus, then take hold around his waist with your right hand as well and with your left hand for support in equal strength. Now, that you have equal hold of each other, then step with your left leg in front of his right and pull him towards you forcefully. Then, put your chin on above on his chest and press down, and you will throw him over your left leg. |
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[21] A throw out of the upper weak point* Do as follows in this technique: step with your left leg onto his right side behind both his legs, and put your left hand on his throat and with your right hand grab around his waist on his right side. If he resists, and grasps your right elbow with his left hand, and with his right hand around your waist onto your right side, and wants to remove you, then push him above at the weak point, ie the neck, over your left leg, and you will throw him over it onto his back.
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[22] A throw from the middle weak point Do as follows in this device: when you go together, step out well behind his left with your right foot, and lift his right leg high from the inside with your left hand, and with your right hand grab around his waist behind his back and onto his right side. If your opponent is holding you this way and tries to throw you over, then grab hold around his waist, ie the middle weak point, with both arms and press him hard onto you. If he presses you towards himself this way, then just move back a little and lift his right leg high, that way you will throw him on your right side. |
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[23] A common throw When you step together, put your left leg between both his legs, and press with your chin below his neck. If he then bends down and enters the scales, then grab with your left hand between his legs and with your right around his waist hold his right side, and pull him towards you. If he holds you this way and is about to throw you, then take hold around his waist with both your arms, and pull him to you. If he presses himself against you thus, then press him hard away from you with your chin, and lift him up underneath, and he falls backwards. |
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[24] A hip throw Do the following technique this way: when you go together then step in front of his right and grab him with your right hand in his left armpit and with your left hand reach around his waist to support your right. If he holds you this way, then reach around his waist and take hold in front of his chest with your left hand and hold him firmly in his right arm above his elbow. Then step with your right foot in front of your right and swing him over your hip, then he must fall. |
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[25] A throw from the scales When you both go together, do thus: take a long step with your left leg in front of both of your opponent's legs, and reach around with your right hand around his waist and grab him in front of the chest with your left hand, around his waist as well to support your right hand. If he holds you this way, then you reach around his waist and grab hold over his right arm, and use your right hand as support. Now, lower yourself into the scales, and swing him over your left leg, and he will fall. |
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[26] A throw with an armbreak This technique is performed thus: if your opponent holds you with his right hand on the inside of your left arm and has put his left hand on your neck in order to pull you towards him, then reach over his shoulder with your right arm and with your left grab hold of his right elbow. Now, take a good step forward with your right leg, and in your upper grip press down hard, and you will break his arm, or if you rather, throw him over your hip/front leg. |
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[27] An armlock with a throw Do as follows: when you both go together, then put your left leg on his right from the inside and take hold in front of his waist with both hands. If he holds you this, then reach with both arms over his both and take hold underneath by his elbows, and clasp hard together. Then, lift up and sweep him over your left leg, and he will not be able to stand up and must fall. |
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[28] How to get free of a lock Step with your left foot toward your opponent, and grab him in front of his waist with both hands. If he holds you thus, then reach down with both elbows between his arms, shoot down into the scales, and thrust out. Then, put both hands under his elbows, and push them up high, and hook his left leg with your left, and you will throw him on his back. |
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[29] A break-in with a throw When you both go together, do as follows: hold your hands down low, and when he comes at you, then catch both his legs your arms, and pull him towards you. If he pulls you towards you thus, then take hold of him with your arms above around his shoulders. If the opponent on the other hand has you in this grip and is about to throw you with him, then spread your legs well and pull him over your legs, you can throw him however you want. |
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[30] A throw from the leg hook Execute this technique thus: when you both go together, then step with your left leg inside his right, reach around his waist with your hands, grab hold of him and pull him towards you as hard as you can. If your opponent holds you in this grip, then put your right hand on his chin, and push him backwards. Furthermore when you do this, do a leg hook with your right foot behind his left knee, and you will throw him easily. This can be done on both sides. |
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[31] How to get free from a double armlock When you go together, then step forward with your left leg and grab hold in front with your right hand on his left breast, and with your left on his right shoulder. If he holds you this way, and you stand with your right foot forward, then reach over with your left arm outside over his right hand and press it to your chest, so that he then must bend down against you, and with your right hand grab him by the left shoulder and pull him towards you. Then grab with your left hand between hes legs and with your right arm around his neck, and you will throw him out of the tongs. |
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[32] An armtwist with a throw When you see your opponent coming toward you, then step forward with your right foot, and put your left arm under his right elbow, and pull toward you, so that he bends down, and when he does so, grab his right hand with your left, twist it down, and you will break it. If he holds you this way, and is about to break your arm, then grab his right arm with your left hand and press down, and you will break free of him. Then, quickly put your left hand on his neck and step with your left foot behind his right and throw him over it. |
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[33] A pull with a throw If your opponent thrusts his head into your chest, then quickly grab him with both hands around his neck onto his collar, and make sure you have entered low into the scales. If he holds you by the heck like this, then reach out with both arms and grab around both his arms. If he does this to you, then step back with the left foot and pull him quickly onto you, that way you will throw him on his face. |
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[34] A run-through under the arm Do as follows in this technique: when you go together, then take hold of him in his left hand with your right, and lift it up. Then stoop down with your head under his left arm and step with your left leg behind his left, and grab hold with your left hand of his left leg. Straighten yourself up, and lift him up high, and you can throw him or carry him wherever you want. |
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[35] A roundturner Do as follows: when you come up in front of your opponent, and he stands with his right foot forward, and you do as well, then take hold of his left hand with your left and with your right hand grab his left elbow. This way you will turn him around and he is forced to turn his back to you. Now, step forward with your left foot and push away from you in your upper grip, and he will fall face first. |
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[36] A throw from the scales When you both go together do thus: stand with your left foot forward, and bend down into the scales. If he does this, then step with your right foot in a triangle step behind your opponent. Then reach with your right hand behind his both legs and grab his right leg, lift that up, and with your left arm reach around his neck, so that you hold him by the chest with your left hand. Then pull down hard, and lift up high with your right hand, and you will throw him over his chest face first. |
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[37] An entry with an armlock Do as follows in this technique: stand with your left foot forward. If he then stands with his right foot forward facing you, and grasps after you, then catch his right thumb with your right hand and grab hold from the outside of his left shoulder. If he has taken hold of you this way, and tries to pull you towards him, then step with your left leg between his feet, take hold of his right elbow with your left hand and push down. This way he must let go of your thumb. Then reach out with your left hand and put it on his neck in front of him, and throw him over your forward leg. |
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[38] A throw from the tongs Do as follows: when standing in front of your opponent, and he then steps towards you with right leg, then step behind his right foot with your left, and reach out with your left hand under his right hand and over his chest and put it on his throat. Then, take hold of on the upper part of his right foot with your right hand, and lift it up, as well as you in your upper grip(ie the left hand on his throat), pull down, and you will throw him out of the tong grip. |
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[39] A hip throw[1] When you go together, do thus: step forward with your right leg, and if he then stands with his left leg forward, then pay close attention to grab hold of his left hand with your own left, and pull him towards you. Then, reach around his waist behind his back with your right hand and throw him over your right hip. |
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[40] A press-down* Do thus: when you go together, step with your left leg behind his right. If he then stands with his right leg towards you and grabs your upper right leg with his left hand and with his right hand inside between both your arms, then take hold of his throat with your right hand, with your left grab hold in his armpit and push him to the ground.
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[41] A short hip/loin throw When you step together do as follows: if your opponent steps with his right leg towards you, so that it comes outside your right foot, then reach behind his back around his waist with your left hand, and grab with your right hand onto his left elbow, and pull him to you. If he has taken hold of you thus, then grab with your right hand around his neck and pull him towards you. If he has pulled you towards him thus, kick your right knee into his right knee, and you will throw him over your left hip. |
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[42] Another hip throw Do thus: when you come together step forth with your left(lat)/right(ger) foot, and if he stands with right foot forward, then take good care to reach over his back with your left hand and grab onto his left shoulder, and with your right hand on his upper right leg, and lift it up. If he has taken hold of you thus and is about to throw you, then grab around his neck with your right hand onto his right shoulder, and with your left hand on his right arm. If he tries to sustain himself this way, then lift up well with your lower grip, and push down in your upper grip and you will throw him over your left hip. |
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[43] A left side throw Do as follows in this technique: step with your left foot forward and reach over his right shoulder and onto his neck with your left arm, and shove him away from you with your left hand. Then grab with your right hand outside onto his right leg, and lift up. If he holds you this way, then reach out and grab him under his left arm around his neck with your right hand and with your left hand below onto his left leg. If he wants hinder you this way and sustain himself, then swing him around on your left side and throw him over your left hip. |
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[44] A pull with a throw Do thus: when you come before your opponent, then step with your left leg forward and take care to grab his right hand with your right and pull it to your chest, and with your left over his right shoulder and push it upwards. If he holds you thus, then step behind his left with your right, and with your left hand take hold of his genitals, and push him away from you with your right elbow, and you will throw him over your right leg. |
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[45] A lift up with a head first throw When you come together with your opponent, and he has you in a leg hook, then take good care to kick out his right leg with your left. Then grab hold of it with your right hand and lift up. If he holds you thus, then reach around his neck with your right arm and grab hold of his right shoulder, and with your left onto his right arm. If he tries to get away(lat)/counter this, then enter the scales and grab around behind his waist with your left hand. Then straighten yourself and throw him over head first. |
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[46] A counter to the previous device Step forward with your left leg and grab with your right hand in his left arm and with your left hand around his waist. Then enter the scales, and throw him over. If he wants to throw you head first this way, and you stand with your right foot between his both, then put your right hand around his neck into his armpit, and with your left onto his elbow, this way you will put an end to his throwing you. Then make sure to swing him over your right leg. |
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[47] A throw from the leg hook Do as follows in this technique: stand with your right foot forward and step with your left foot behind his left heel. Then reach around his waist with your left hand, and grab hold of his armpit, and with your right hand on the outside of his left elbow, and pull him to you. If he has taken hold of you thus way and pulls you towards him, then reach around his neck with your right hand and take hold in his right shoulder, and with your left onto his arm. Then if you strike a leg hook with your right foot around his left, you will swing him round from your right onto your left side. |
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[48] A counter to the previous leg hook Do as follows: when you come before your opponent, hook your right leg around his left leg grab hold of his right arm round his neck with your right hand, and with your left inside on his right elbow. If he holds you thus, and is about to throw you over with a leg hook, then put both hands on his neck, that way he must fall backwards, and his leg hook is countered. |
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[49] A throw from the wheel In this technique you do thus: put your right leg between his both feet, grab with your right arm over his left shoulder. If your opponent has taken hold of you thus, then put your right hand on his neck and pull it down in front. If he tries to avert this with his left hand, then grab hold between his legs with your left hand and turn to your right, that way you will throw him out of the wheel. |
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[50] A throw from the leg hook Execute this technique thus: stand with your left leg forward and take hold of his left shoulder with your left hand. If he does so, then put your left arm on his neck, and do as if you were to strike a leg hook with your right leg. Then, thrust your right elbow into his chest, and push him to your right side, as well as hooking his leg, and you will throw him on his back on his right side. |
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[51] A throw from the bolt When you both go together, then do as follows: take a long step with your left leg behind both his legs and grab him with your right hand outside in his left elbow and with your left around his waist. If he holds you thus and pulls you against him, then hook his left leg with your right, and grab around his neck with your right arm and with your left on the inside of his right arm. Then turn around from his right side to your right side, and you will throw him over. |
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[52] A throw from the scales In this device you do thus: stand with your right foot forward(if you wish to take the first parts). If your opponent stands with his left foot forward and with his right foot in between both your feet, and puts his right arm around your neck in order to wrestle you, then as quickly as possible lower yourself into the scales, and take hold of his left leg with your right hand and with your left reach behind his back around his waist and take hold of his left armpit. Then straighten yourself up our of the scales and throw him backwards over your left leg. |
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[53] A hip/thigh throw When you both go together, do thus: stand with your right foot forward and put your left foot outside his left foot Then, grab hold of his left arm from the outside with your right hand, and with your left around his waist. If your opponent holds you thus, and is about to swing you around, then step back into the scales, and grab with your right hand around his neck and with your left on his right shoulder. If he has taken hold of you thus, and has stepped back into the scales, then let go of your right hand from his left elbow, and put it on his neck and press him down to the ground. |
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[54] A wind in* Stand with your left left leg forward and grab with your left hand onto his right side. If he grabs you thus, then quickly wind his left hand away with your right hand, so that get around his waist. If he winds your left hand away in this manner, then take hold of his left arm with your right hand. If should do this, then put your left hand from below onto his right arm, pull it close to your chest and swing him from the wheel from your left side to your right, and he will fall.
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[55] A throw from the scales Execute this technique in this manner: step forward with your left leg, and grab hold around his neck onto his right shoulder with your right hand, and with your left on the inside of his left arm. If he holds you thus, and is about to throw you over his right leg, then take hold with both hands around his right leg, and enter the scales well below his right arm, so that you push him firmly with your left armpit under his right armpit. Then, put your left leg behind hus right and lift up high, and you will throw him backwards. |
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[56] A throw from a neck thrust and a leg hook When you both go together, pay attention to step with your right foot inside his left foot and hook it, so that it faces outwards. Then, put your right arm above on his neck and press down. If he holds you thus and is about press you down, then close your left hand and put it on your left side. Reach through with your left arm under his right, and thrust your elbow hard into his right side. Then grab hold of his genitals below with your right hand, and you will throw him out of the leg hook face forward. |
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[57] A backwards throw Do this throw as described: put your right leg forward and grab hold with your right hand around his neck and onto his right shoulder, and with your left on the inside of his left arm. If he holds you thus, and is about to pull you against him, then quickly bow down into the scales, take hold of his right leg with your right hand, lift it high, and with your left elbow press his chest hard, and you will throw him backwards over your left forward leg. |
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[58] A run-in into a leg hook When you both go together, then do this: stand with your left foot forward and grab hold of him with your left hand over his back and onto his left shoulder, and with your right over his chest to aid your left. Then get down into the scales, and grab and pull him to you. If he pulls you to you thus, then step with your right leg behind his left into a knee hook, grab hold of him with your right hand over his shoulder in his right armpit, and with your left on the outside of his right elbow. Then, swing him face first over your right leg. |
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[59] A close hold wrestling technique Do as described in the following technique: when you both go together, and he stands with his right leg between your feet, then grab with your right hand over his chest and onto his left shoulder, and with your left hand take hold of his left, and pull him to you. Then, put your chin on his right shoulder, press down, and swing him backwards over your left leg. |
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[60] A leg break In this technique you stand with both feet straight, and grab with both arms from inside onto his chest. If he holds you thus, then wind your arms from outside under his both arms. Then, kick with your right foot as hard as you can on his knee cap, and you will break his leg, or if you rather, then pull him to you and you will throw him over. |
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[61] A hand winding with a throw when you both go together and you both have taken hold of each others' arms, then strike a leg hook with your right leg around his left and wind your right hand around his neck and take hold of his right shoulder, and with your left hand take hold in his chest. If he has taken hold of you thus and is about to throw you, then hold him behind his waist, that way he mus fall with you. If he falls with you as mentioned, then put your left and on the front his neck and you will unwind yourself from him. |
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[62] A hand break Do as described in this device: when you both go together, remember to stand with your left foot forward, and if he then is standing in front of you with open hands, then take hold with right hand onto his right thumb, and with your left hand behind his right hand, that way you will break it. Then take a good step with your right leg on his left side and with your left hand well around his waist, and you will throw him over your left hip. |
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[63] A hand winding with an armbreak When you go together then do thus: take hold of his left shoulder with your with your right hand and with your left on his right armpit. If he holds you thus, then wind out your right arm over his left from the inside behind his left elbow and with your left arm from the outside over his right, and lift up firmly and pull towards you, this way you may break both his arms. If it doesn't succeed, then strike him on the left leg with your right leg and he will fall. |
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[64] A backwards throw with a leg hook When you step up in front of your opponent then do as follows: step forward with your left leg and reach with your left hand behind over his back and grab onto his left armpit, and with your right over his chest onto his left arm. If he holds you thus and in order to pull you toward him, then strike a leg hook with your with right leg around his left, and reach with your right arm around his neck and take hold of his right side, and your left hand on the outside of his right elbow. Then swing him over your right hip, and you will throw him forward. |
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[65] A throw from a waist hold (diagonal) Do as follows in this device: step forward with your left foot and stoop down under his right armpit with your head. Then take hold with your left hand in his left armpit and with your right on his left arm. If he holds you thus, then take hold of his right leg with your left hand and lift up high. Then step with your right leg behind his left and reach around his neck with your right arm, and you will throw him out of the said waist hold on your right side. |
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[66] A way of turning the opponent along with a throw over the left hip When you stand in front of your opponent do as follows: if he steps with his right leg on your left and tries to take hold of your left armpit with his right hand, and with his left on your right hip, then reach over his both arms and grab hold of his left arm with your left hand, with your right grab him by his left armpit, and pull him onto you. Then, press down hard on your chest and put your left hip on his left, that way you will turn him round and throw him over from your left and to your right side. |
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[67] A throw from the scales When you face your opponent do as follows in this device: step with your left leg between his both feet, and bend down into the scales, and grab with your right hand reach between his legs and onto his crotch, and with your left around behind his waist to aid your right, and lift him up. If your opponent lifts you thus and lifts you up, then reach around over his neck with your right arm and take hold of his right shoulder, and with your left on the inside of his right arm. Then lift your right leg up high and kick him with your knee inside of his left knee, and he must fall. |
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[68] A throw from the upper weak point When you both go together then do this way in this device: take a long step forward with your left leg behind his both feet, and bend down into the scales. Then, grab him with both arms in his right shoulder and pull down. If your opponent on the other hand holds you thus and is pulling you down, then reach with both arms above around his waist, and hold his arm head together under his right armpit. Then strike a leg hook with your right leg around his left and you will throw him down from the upper weak point. |
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[69] A throw from the short hip* Do as follows in this device/lat. If you want to be a strenuous fighter, then do as follows in this device: step forward with your left leg in front of his left leg and enter the scales, stooping with your head under his right armpit. Then, reach with your hand over his waist and take hold inside on his left armpit, and pull him to you. If he holds you this way, and pulls you towards him, then reach around over his neck with your right arm on his right side, and with your left on the outside of his right elbow. Then, swing him from the short hip over your right leg.
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[70] A throw from the high/upper hip Do as follows in this device: when you enter in front of your opponent, and you wish to strike a leg hook on him, but he stands with his feet too wide apart, then step with both feet further in front of him. If he steps up towards you thus, then reach behind his back and grab him around his waist with your left arm and with your right hand onto his left shoulder. If he holds you thus, and is about to turn you over, then reach with your right arm over his shoulder and into his right armpit and hold him tightly with your left hand on the outside of his right elbow. Then bend down well, and swing him around from the high hip over your right leg before you. |
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[71] A throw from the struck out hip Do as follows in this device: when you enter in front of your opponent, then take a long step forward with your left foot, and with your right hand grab his left armpit, and with your left reach our behind his back and around his waist to support your right, and pull him to you. If he has you in this grip, and pulls you to him, then grab hold with your left hand in his left leg and lift it up high, and with your right hand reach around his neck and take hold of his right shoulder and pull him onto your right hip. Then, straighten yourself up again, and you may either carry him away or throw him over.
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[72] A throw from the upper and lower weak point Do as follows: when you both come together, should he step forward with his left leg, so that you stand with both feet between his, and he is about to grab your left shoulder with his left hand, then put your left hand on top of his left arm, that way his grip will be to no use. Then, put it (ie. your left hand) on his neck and with your right grab hold of his left foot, this way he is weakened both above and below. Then push him down hard with your upper grip, and lift up with your lower grip and you will throw him on your left side. |
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[73] An elbow strike to the back along with a throw When you both go together do as follows in this device: if your opponent tries to grab your right side with his right hand and with his left around your waist, then grab his right elbow your with your left hand and pull it to your chest, that way he will bend down. Then push your right elbow on the upper part of his back, and you will press him down to the ground. |
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[74] A backwards throw Execute this device as follows: If he runs his head in under your right arm and holds you with his right hand inside in your left arm and with his left between your legs, then grab with your right hand from behind in his left armpit, and with your left in his right arm. Then lift his left leg with your right leg, and pull him over your right hip and you will throw him over. |
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[75] A throw from the blocked leg hook Step forward with your left foot and grab him on the outside of his left elbow with your right hand, and with your left on his upper right arm. If he holds you this way(ger. and is about to pull you to him), then reach with your right hand under his left armpit and grab hold onto his leather collar, and with your left onto his right arm. Then strike a leg hook with your right leg from the inside of his left leg and pull him to you with your right hand, and with your left hand push him away from you, and he will fall on his back. |
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[76] A leg break with a throw When you both go together then step with your left leg inside his right and grab hold on the outside of his upper left arm, and with reach with your left around his waist.If he holds you thus and is about to pull you in, then grab with your left hand inside his right arm and reach with your right behind his back around his waist and onto his right side. Then kick his right shin with your right foot as hard as you can and you will break it. Then, pull him to you, and you will throw him over. |
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[77] A throw from the waist Do as follows: If your opponent stands with both legs together, and has taken hold of your left arm with his right hand, and with his left over your right arm in your right armpit, then take hold with your left hand in his right shoulder and pull him to you. Then reach with your left arm under his left armpit and grab hold of his waist and turn from your left to your right side, and you will throw him over the short hip or the waist. |
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[78] A carry off with a lock hold In this device you do thus: if your opponent stands with his feet together then step forward with your right foot, and bend down into the scales. If he then tries to grab you around your neck with his right had then grab with your right hand onto right leg and with your left take hold of his right arm by your neck, and pull it over your left shoulder and onto your chest. Then reach out with your right hand under his right leg and take hold of his right hand, and stand up, and you have him locked in and can carry him wherever your want. |
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[79] A throw from the upper weak point Do this technique as follows: when you both go together, then step with your left leg outside his right and step down into the scales. Then, take hold with your left around his waist with support of your right hand, and put your left armpit under his right. If your opponent holds you thus and is about to throw you, then take hold of his leather collar with your right hand, and with your left in his right armpit. Then strike a knee hook with your right leg around his left and swing him over from your right side to your left over your right leg. |
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[80] An armbreak with a throw When you go together do as described: step with your left leg on the outside behind his right, and take hold with your left hand from below on his right side. If he should grab you thus, then take quickly take hold with your left hand in his left hand, and pull it onto your chest. After that, you reach over his left arm with your right arm and take hold of his shoulder, and reach under it with your right to support your left. Then press down hard with your armpit and you will break his arm, and furthermore if you then swing him from your right hip over your right leg, he will fall over. |
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[81] A throw from the tongs When you face your opponent in this device, do thus: step with your left leg outside his right. If he then stands with his right foot forward and grabs you by the crotch, then swiftly take hold of his left hand with your right and pull him towards you, and with your left hand grab him by his left elbow. If he holds you this way, and pulls you close, then grab hold with your right hand on his left shoulder and onto his collar. If he holds you thus then let go with your left hand from his left elbow, and put it on his neck, that way you will throw him from the tongs over your left leg. |
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[82] A toppling from the tongs In this device you do as follows: stoop down into the scales, so that your right leg comes forward, and if he then stands upright, with his right leg forward when you stand in the scales, then reach out and with your left hand over his chest and and grab hold of his left side. If he does this to you, then quickly grab on to his left hand and pull him to you, put your right hand on his head and push down. Further, if he does this to you, then take hold of with your right arm behind both his knees, and push with your upper grip hard, on your left side and with your lower grip lift up high and you will topple him over from the tong hold. |
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[83] A throw from the open tong hold When you go together, then do as follows: step with your left leg outside behind his right and put your left hand on his right shoulder near by his neck. If he holds you thus, then reach over his left hand with both your arms and pull it to your chest, so that he must bend down. If he is pressing you down so that you enters the scales, then reach through behind his right leg and grab hold of his left kneecap and pull it to you, and at the same time push away from you with the upper grip, then you will throw him backwards away from you. |
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[84] A tong hold throw from the scales When you face your opponent in this device, then do as described here below: enter the scales so that you stand with your left leg behind his right. Then quickly, grab hold of his left leg with your right hand, and put your head on his chest. If he uses this on you, then put both your hands on his head and push down. If he pushes you down this way with both hands on your head, then put your right hand on his face and push it away from you and with your lower hand pull towards you, and you will throw him on his back with the tong hold. |
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[85] An armlock Do thus in this device: step forward with your right foot and grab hold of his genitals with your right hand and with your left onto his chest. If he holds you this way with both hands then take hold with your left hand underneath on his right arm and with your right on the outside of his left and bend them over each other. Then step with your right leg on his right side and swing him over your right side to the ground. |
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[86] A throw from the upper tong hold When you go both go together, then do as follows: step forward with your right leg behind his left. If he then stands with left foot forward and takes hold of your right side with his left hand and with his right behind around your waist, then grab him with your right hand in his right armpit and with your left onto his shoulder by his neck. Then pull him to your right side and throw him by the tong hold over your forward leg. |
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[87] A throw over the high hip Facing your opponent, step forward with your left foot and reach around his waist with your left hand and grab hold of his right armpit. If he holds you thus, then put your right hand on his left shoulder and reach with your left over his chest and and grab onto his right armpit. If he then reaches over your right arm and grabs onto your left shoulder in order to resist your throw, then put your left hip firmly onto his left hip and then swing him onto your right side and you will throw him by the high hip. |
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[88] Strengthening the weakness In this device you do as follows: put your left leg forward, and put your left hand on his right shoulder, your left hand on his left side. If he holds you thus, then quickly step down into the scales, and take hold of his left arm with your right hand, and push it upwards, and with your left hand inside on the back of his left knee. If he does this to you, then quickly pull back your left leg and put your right hand on his left arm, and push down. If he pushes you down thus, then put your head into his left armpit, and push him away from you, that way he will fall on his back. |
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[89] A throw from the upper weak point Facing your opponent do as follows: step with your left leg outside behind his right and take hold of from the outside onto his right shoulder with your left hand and with your right hand onto his left arm. If he holds you thus, then reach behind is back with your left arm and around his waist, and put your right on the right side of his neck. Then, quickly stoop down on your left knee, and he is totally weakened and you will thereby throw him down to the ground. |
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[90] A throw from the middle weak point When you go together you and your opponent, should he stand with his right foot forward, and takes hold of your left arm with his left hand, then wind it free again, and reach around his waist with your left hand and grab hold of his right hip, and with your right hand take hold of his left leg. Lift it up high, and you will throw him face first over the hip. |
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[91] A throw from the middle and lower weak points Step with left leg between his both feet, and grab with your left hand around his neck and pull him onto you. If he holds you this way and pulls you onto him, then grab hold with your right hand in front around his waist, and with your left hand well below in his left leg. Then, quickly fall down on your left knee, push away with your upper grip, and lift up with your lower grip and he totally weakened and you will throw him backwards over your right leg. |
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[92] A throw from a run-in When you go together with your opponent do thus: stoop down into the scales before him, and if he then runs in on you so that he stands upright with his feet together, then quickly shoot in and put your head in his crotch. Then, grab hold around his legs with both hands together, lift up and he will fall straight backwards. |
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[93] A throw with an arm-twist Do as follows: step with your right foot outside behind your opponent's right, and grab hold with your right hand onto his left leg near his genitals, and with your left in his left arm. If your opponent holds you thus, ie with his right hand on your left leg near your genitals and his left on your left arm, then wind loose your left hand and put it on his neck., then strike a leg hook with your right foot around his right and push away from you with your upper hand, pull back with your leg hook, and lift up with your lower hand on his genitals, and you will throw him over. |
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[94] A press down Step with your right foot towards your opponent. If he then stands in the scales, and is about to put his on your chest, then take good care to press together with both arms over his both arms near his chest. Then put your chest on his head and push down, pull your right leg back and pull him forward and he will fall on his face. |
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[95] A throw from the tong hold with the upper weak point When you go together in this device do thus: step with your right leg inside his left and grab with your right hand around his waist, and with your left onto his right arm. If he holds you thus and is about to throw you, then put your left foot backwards between his both as hard as you can, and grab with your right hand below onto his genitals, and put your left on his neck right under his chin. Then, lift up with your lower grip, and with your upper hand push down onto your left side, and you will throw him backwards over your left leg. |
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[96] A drive-down* Do as follows in this device: step with your left foot between his both feet, and reach around with both hands around his waist from behind, lift him up and drive him down hard. If he holds you thus and is about to drive you down, then grab around his neck with both arms and pull it over your shoulder. If he tries to do the same, then kick your right knee in the back of his right knee, this way hie will not be able to hold his balance, and you will throw him to the ground.
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[97] A throw from the lifting of the opponent When you both go together execute this device as follows: step forward with your left leg and take hold with both arms around his waist, and pull him to you. If he holds you the same way, then take hold with both hands around his neck and pull his head over your chest. If he on the other hand has you in the same grip, then let go of your right hand from his waist and put it on his left elbow, and strike a leg hook around his right with your left. Then, push away from you with your upper grip and you will throw him on your left side. |
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[98] A throw from the strong* Do as follows in this technique: step with your right foot in front of his right foot and ger. stoop down into the strong/lat. stoop down into the above mentioned technique, where you step forcefully towards your opponent. Put your head on his genitals, and take hold around his left leg with both hands. If he then grabs you with his left hand in your right arm and his right on your genitals in order to defend himself, then thrust with and your head and the rest of your body forcefully into his groin and pull his left leg with both hands against you, and he will fall backwards.
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[99] A carry-off with a throw Do as follows in the device described here below: stand with both feet erect facing him and put your left side out against him. Then grab with your left hand around his waist and onto his left armpit. If he holds you thus, then step down into the scales with your body against his waist, and reach around his both legs with your hands. Then, if you straighten up you might throw him or carry him away. If he holds you this way and is about to throw you, then grab hold of is hair with your right hand, that way you will not fall. |
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[100] A throw over the shoulder When you step together, and your opponent grabs you with his left hand in your left side, then swiftly grab hold of his left hand with your right hand, and pull it over your right shoulder. Then, turn around go with your head under his left arm and take hold with your left hand in his right leg. Then lift up, and you may throw him over your right shoulder or carry him away. |
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[101] A throat throw When you step in front of your opponent, take a good step with your right foot in front of his right foot, put your right hand onto his throat, and your left on his right side, that way you may throw him over your forward leg. If your opponent is about to throw you this way, then take hold of his left wrist with your right hand and with put your left on his chest. Then, step with your left foot onto the back of his left knee, and you will weaken him thereby, and throw him over your right leg. |
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[102] A go-behind* When you face your opponent, stand with your right foot forward and take hold of his right hand with your own right hand. Then deceitfully step with your left foot behind him so that your back is against his back, take hold in his right armpit with your left hand. If he on the other hand steps so slyly behind you and has taken hold of you thus, then quickly stoop down and put your head in his waist. Then, grab with your left hand onto his right leg and lift up, and push your body hard onto his back, straighten yourself up, and you may throw him or carry him away.
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[103] A head first topple* When you come before the opponent then make sure to grab hold with your left hand in the back of his neck in his collar or in the jacket he is wearing. Then stoop down stretch the arm away from you so that he cannot take hold around you, and when he then tries to get away from you, then push him with above mentioned arm as if you were to throw him on his face. When he then extends his arms towards the ground in order to take the fall, do not let go of his collar but hold him firmly. Then reach through between his both legs with your right hand and take hold of his right hand and swing him over one foot, and you will topple him over head first.
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[104] A carry-off Do as follows in this technique: if your opponent stands with his right foot forward and grabs you with his right hand in your right side, then, if you want to win this fight, quickly grab hold with your left hand onto his right and lift it up high. Then bend down into the scales, so that his back gets on your left shoulder, and with your right hand grab hold of his lower left leg. Straighten yourself up, and you may either carry him away or throw him away from you. |
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[105] How to hold a thrown opponent down If your opponent is brought to a fall and you fall with him, then take care to put your left hand on his left shoulder and press down, and with your right hand grab him by the hair. Then put your right knee behind on his back and your left foot over his both legs and press them together firmly. Then pull him up hard by the hair, and he will not be able to get up. |
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[106] How to pin down a fallen opponent, so that he cannot get up again when you both have fallen down, do thus: grab with your left hand in on the inside of his right elbow, and push it up, and with your right hand forward on his left arm, and stretch them out from each other. If he has taken hold of you this way, and lies chest to chest with you and with both legs between both of yours, then strike out with right foot over his back and with your left over his right, that way he is just as pinned down as you are. However, if you want to get free from him, then knee him in the groin, and he will have to let you go and has no more strength. |
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[107] |
| Source Images | Images | Draft Translation
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Dresden Version II (1550s) | Vienna Version II (1550s) [German] | Vienna Version II (1550s) [Latin] | Munich Version I (1550s) | Jörg Breu's Sketchbook (1545)
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Here follows the traverse wrestling techniques |
[126v] Hernachuolgt wie Man ausz der. zwirch Rinngen soll. |
[301r] Nunc sequuntur habitus quibus docetur transversim colluctari. |
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The first When you wrestle with someone with outstreched arms, break free with one arm and reach out towards his leg as if you wanted to pull it towards you, and as he then sees it and pulls back his foot, then reach after his leg with the arm extended, and step with your foot behind him in the traverse, that way you will throw him on his back. This can be done on both sides. |
Die erst zwirch Item Rinngstu Mit ainem. Im lanngen arm. so prich Im ausz mit ainner hannd. vnnd far Im nach dem fuosz als du Inn auf wollest zucken. so zeucht er den fuosz hinndersich vnnd fleucht damit so gee dem fuosz nach. mit dem arm. vnnd trit mit deinnem fuosz hinnder In Inn die zwirch so wirfstu In auf den Rucken. das geet zu baiden seitten. |
Si cum aliquo colluctaris brachio porrecto, alteram manum removeas, eaque correpto ipsius hostis pede quasi tollere eundem velis simulato, verum si id observarit, pedem retrahet, tu igitur brachio porrecto pedem sequitor, atque pede tuo retro ipsum transgreditor transversim et ea ratione supinum hostem prosternes. Is habitus utrinque formari potest. |
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The second traverse Execute the second traverse thus: if you wrestle your opponent with outstreched arms, then quickly break loose with your right, and reach with it under his left arm. Then, step behind his right foot with your right foot, and throw him on his back. This can be done on both sides. |
Die annder zwirch Item die annder Zwirch treyb allso. wann du mit ainnem Rinngst Inn lanngen armen. so prich Im ausz [127r] mit dem rechten arm. vnnd far Im Durch sein linncke Vchsen. vnnd far mit deinnem rechten fuosz hinnder seinn fuosz. so wirfstu In auf den rucken. das geet zu baiden seitten. |
Secundus antecedentis habitus Eum habitum hoc modo exerceto: si cum adversario ex porrectis brachiis colluctaris, dextram confestim evellas, eamque per axillam sinistram transmittas. Inde dextrum pedem pedi ipsius dextro postponas, atque ea ratione supinum hostem sternes. Etiam is habitus utrinque formari potest. |
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The third traverse Is done thus: when you wrestle with your opponent with outstreched arms (or long arms as we call it), then break free with your right arm and lean forward upon him holding his arms with both your hands, and turn away from him so that you get your opponent on your back, and throw him on his back. This can be done from both sides. |
Die dritt zwirch Item die drit Zwirch treib also wann du mit lanngen armen rinngst mit ainnem. so prich Im ausz mit dem rechten arm. vnnd hallt dich fast fursich vnnd halt seinnen arm mit baiden hennden. vnnd reid dich vonn Im. so wirffstu In auf den rucken. das geet zu baiden seitten. |
[301v] Tercius habitus ex transverso Id hoc modo usurpato: cum colluctaris cum adversario porrectis vel longus(ut nos vocamus) brachiis, dextrum brachium exeras, pronumque te exhibeas, eius brachium alterum utraque manu contineas. Inde si te ab hoste converteris, in dorsum tuum hostem assumis. Is itidem habitus ex utroque latere procedit. |
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The fourth traverse The fourth is executed thus: when you wrestle with your opponent with extended arms, then break free with your right arm and pull him around and towards you a little, then step with your right foot behind his right, then put your right elbow under his right arm, you may throw him on his back. This can be done from both sides. |
Die viert zwirch Item die viert Zwirch treib also wann du mit ainnem Rinngst zu lanngen armen. so prich Im auf mit dem [127v] Rechten Arm vnnd gee. ain Weil mit Im vmb. vnnd gehlinng so sprinng mit deinnem rechten fuosz hinnder seinnen rechten. vnnd mit dem rechten Elenpogen vnnder sein Rechten Vchsen. so wirfstu In. auf den rucken. das geet zu baiden seitten. |
Quartus habitus Eam formam hac ratione exerceto: si cum hoste extentis brachiis luctaris, dextrum rursus liberato brachium, eumque paululum pro tuo arbitratu tractes, sed subito pedem dextrum resiliendo pedi ipsius dextro postponito. Tum si dextrum cubitum dextrae hostis axillae supposueris supinum prosternes. Hoc itidem utrinque formatur. |
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The fifth traverse Is executed thus: break loose with your right arm and turn around with him a little, and then quickly pull him towards you, and lift your right arm as high as you can, and reach over his right arm around his back adn step behind him with your right foot and sweep him with the knee, then you will throw him on his back. |
Das funnfft Zwirch Item die Funnfft Zwirch treib allso prich Im ausz mit deinnem Rechten arm. vnnd ger ain weil mit Im vmb vnnd gehlinng. so zuckh In an dich vnnd gee hoch auf mit deinnem Rechten arm oben vber seinn rechten arm. vmb seinnen rucken. vnnd trit mit dem Rechten fuosz hinnder In. vnnd tauch In mit dem knie. so wirfstu In auf den rucken. |
Quintus Brachium dextrum rursus evellas, paulisperque adversarium tractes, verum de repente eum adtrahito atque quantum poteris altissime dextrum brachium eleves. Idem superiniicias hostis dextro circum dorsum ipsius. Si inde ei postposueris dextrum pedem atque genu ipsum perpuleris resupinum hostem deiicies. |
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The sixth traverse Is done thus: free your right arm and go around him a little, and push him away hard. Then quickly pull him towards you, and put your right hand on the outside of his right knee, put your right shoulder on his right arm, lower him down, that way you will throw him on his back. This can be done on both sides. |
Die sechste zwirch Item die sechste zwirch treib allso. prich Im ausz mit dem rechten arm. vnnd gee ain weill mit Im vmb. vnnd scheub Inn [128r] starckh vonn dir. vnnd zuckh Gehlingen an dich vnnd setz Im dein rechten hannd aussen auf sein rechts knie vnnd fall Im mit der Rechten achsel Inn seinen rechten arm vnnd tauch In nider zu der Erden. so wirfstu In auf den rucken das geet zu baiden seitten. |
[302r] Sextus Dextrum rursus etiam hoc habitu liberabis, pariterque ratione paulisper ut superius hostem tractes, et post totis viribus eum propellas, verum subito praeter ipsius opinionem ipsum attrahito. Inde manum dextram superimponas ipsius genu externe. Humerum vero dextrum adiungas brachio ipsius hostis dextro, deorsum si demiseris resupinum prosternes adversarium. Etiam is habitus utrinque exerceri poterit. |
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The seventh traverse As before, break free with your right arm, and push your opponent away from you forcefully, then quickly pull him towards you, put your right hand on the outside of his right knee and put your right shoulder under his right arm and push him down to the ground, that way you will throw him to the ground. |
Die sibent Zwirch. Item die sibent Zwirch treib also. prich Im ausz mit deinnem rechten arm. vnnd scheub In starckh von dir. vnnd zuckh In gehlinng an dich vnnd setz Im dein rechten hannd aussen auf sein rechts knie. vnnd fall Im mit der rechten achsel Inn seinnen Rechten arm vnnd tauch In nider zu der Erden. so wirfstu In auf den rucken. |
Septimus Etiam in hoc congressu mutuo dextrum brachium liberes, post si hostem pro viribus pepulisti, de repente inopinantem rursum ad te attrahas, atque manum dextram genu ipsius adversarii dextro externe superimponas, nec non humerum dextrum brachio dextro supposueris, tum etiam deorsum demiseris, resupinus hostis concidet. |
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The scales If someone goes down into the scales and hinders you to do any traverse technique mentioned above, then break free your right arm, and make a lock-hold on his right arm. Then, if you pull him backwards, you will break his arm. Even this can be done on both sides. |
Die wag Item setzt sich ainner Inn die wag. vnnd will dich Inn kain zwirch kumen lassen. so prich. [128v] Im ausz mit deinnem rechten. arm. Vnnd henng Im den hagcken an seinnen rechten arm. vnnd zeuch In zuruckh. so prichst du Im den arm. ab. vnnd geet zu baiden seitten. |
Librae Habitus Si quis se in libram composuerit, neque concedit, ut superiorum habituum aliquo utaris, tum dextrum brachium evellas, atque brachium dextrum intercludas hosti. Inde si retrorsum traxeris, brachium infringes. Id etiam utrinque exercebis. |
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Another wrestling When you wrestle with someone and you both hold each other with straight arms, then grab with your left hand on his left wrist, and twist it around, and grab his right elbow with your right hand and step forward with the right foot, you break his arm. This can also be done from the other side. |
Ainn annders Rinngen. Item Rinngstu mit Ainnem gleych fassens Inn lanngen armen. so greiff Im mit deiner linncken hannd Inn seinn linncke Inn das glennckh vnd. reib Ims vmb vnnd greiff Im mit deinner Rechten hand an seinnen Rechten Elennpogen. vnnd trit In fur mit deinnem rechten fuosz. so prichstu Im den Arm ab. vnnd geet von baiden seitten. |
[302v] Aliud luctae genus Si pari certamine extentis brachiis cum aliquo concertes, tum manu sinistra iuncturam manus itidem sinistrae adversarii corripito, eamque circumflectas, tum vero dextram dextro ipsius cubito adiicias, et inde eum dextro pede praecesseris, brachium hostis praedictum infringes. Utrinque et hoc exerceas. |
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When wrestling with extended arms When you wrestle with someone with extended arms, then lower yourself into the scale, and do not let him get under you. If he then tries to grapple after a traverse, then grab his elbow push him from you, and step in front of him with one foot, then you will throw him on face first. This can be executed on both sides as well. |
Inn lanngen Armen zu Rinngen. [129r] Item rinngstu Mit ainnem. Inn lanngen armen. so sennckh dich fast nider. Inn die wag. vnnd lasz In mit vnnder dich. greifft er dir dann oben nach ainner zwirch so greyff Inn bald nach seinnem Elennpogen. vnnd tauch In vonn dir vnnd trit mit ainnem fuosz fur In. so wirfstu In auf das maul. vnnd geet vonn baiden seitten. |
Colluctatio extentis brachiis Cum collucteris cum aliquo brachiis porrectis, in libram te deorsum demittas, et curabis ne subprimaris vel succumbas. Si igitur adversarius superne te transversim corripere conetur, tum subito ipsius cubitum tu adprehendito, atque abs te illum removeto. Ipsum deinde altero pede antecedas, atque ex ea compositione pronum deiicies. Id utrinque exerceas. |
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When wrestling with someone who is stronger than you. When you are wrestling with someone who is strong and is not able to do any good techniques, then make sure as soon as you get free of him, strike with your inward turned arm on his inward turned arm from the outside, and underneath you grip his left leg, that way you break his arm. This can be executed on both sides. |
Mitt starcken zu Rinngen. Item Rinngstu Mitt ainnem starcken vnnd magst Inn kain stuckh oder zwirch kumen. so prich Im ausz vnnd schlag Im mit deinnem ewichen arm aussen auf seinnen ewichen arm. vnnden nach seinnem linncken fuosz. so prichstu Im den arm ab. vnnd geet zu baiden seitten. |
Habitus et admonitio, si cum forti lucteris Si cum forti luctaris, et tu nullo excellenti habitu uti poteris, tum curato ut te quamprimum liberes, brachio tuo inverso ipsius item brachium concutias externe, inferne autem appetas sinistrum pedem, atque ea ratione brachium ipsius infringes. Etiam id utrinque procedit. |
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Note If you wrestle someone with outstretched arms and he will not let you do any traverse technique, then break free from him and walk around him a bit, and then push him forcefully and then quickly pull him towards you, and put your head in under his right arm, and reach with your right arm around his right foot and lift him up. |
[129v] Ainn notta Item Rinngstu Mit ainnem Inn lanngen armen. vnnder will dich Inn kain zwirch lassen. so prich Im ausz vnd gee ain weil mit Im vmb vnd tauch In fast zu ruckh vnnd gehlinng zuckh an dich vnnd far Im mit deinnem kopff durch seinnen rechten Arm. vnnd mit deinnem rechten arm durch sein rechten fuosz. vnnd heb In auf. |
[303r] Notabile Quum luctaris cum aliquo ex longis brachiis, vetetque quo minus transverso utaris, tum quamprimum poteris liberabis te, hostem aliquantisper tentabis. Inde si vehementi actu retrorsum egeris, inopinantem attrahas, sub brachio ipsius dextro transmittas caput tuum, brachium vero dextrum pedi hostis itidem dextro circuminiicias, atque eum tollas. |
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If anyone has grabbed hold of you as described above, then pull your foot far away from you and lay on top of him and make yourself heavy, while you make sure he cannot reach any of your feet. Then, if you turn around with him you throw him to the ground. |
Item so dich ainner Also gefast hat. als vor. so reckh die fuosz hinnden weitt hindan vonn dir. vnnd leg dich oben auf In. vnnd schwer dich nider zu der Erden. vnnd hiet das Er dir kainnen fuosz ergreyff. vnnd lauf fast vmb mit Im. so wirfstu In nider |
Sin autem quispiam pari ratione te corripuerit ut ante, tum pedes tuos longissime retrorsum porrigas, atque superne te in eum reiicias, curabis etiam ea compositione ut illi sis onerosus deorsum te demittens. In primis autem cavebis, ne adversarius alterum pedem corripiat. Inde si te circumvertas, deorsum hostem praecipitas. |
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Another If your opponent lays himself on top of you in above mentioned way, then grab around both his arms firmly, turn around behind his back, and extend your legs far, and you will throw him on his back. This technique can be executed on both sides. |
[130r] Notta Item so sich ainner Allso auf dich legt. so fasz Im seinne baid arm. zusamen. vnnd halts Im fast vnnd winnd dich hinder Im vmb an den rucken vnnd reckh dich mit den fuessen lanng hindan. so wirfstu In auf den rucken vnnd geet zu baiden seitten. |
Aliud Si adversarius pari modo se in superne reiecerit, cum brachium ipsius utrunque simul complectitor, firmiterque contineto. Inde te convertas retro ipsum atque pedes longe porrigas. Ea igitur ratione hostem prosternes resupinum. Idque utrinque exerceri potest. |
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Another When your opponent lays himself on top of you so heavily that you cannot free yourself from him, then grab hold around both his arms as hard as you can. Then quickly stoop down and thrust your head into his stomach with all your might, and throw him face first over your back thus. |
Ein annders Item legt sich ainner Allso schwer auf dich. das du dich ausz Im nit winnden magst. so fasz Im seine baid arm. vnnd heb Ims starckh vnnd setz gehlinng nider auf den sackh. setz. vnnd setz Im das haupt starckh Inn den bauch. so wirfstu In vber den rucken ausz. auf das angesicht |
[303v] Alia forma Quum hostis rursum se in te reiiciat tanto pondere, ut nequeas ab ipso liberari, tum brachios ipsius utrumque complectitor, et quam fortissime poteris ea contineto. Inde si subito demittas, atque caput ventri adplicaris totis viribus, hostem per dorsum praecipitabis ut pronus concidat. |
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When wrestling with equal holds When you wrestle with someone out of equal holds, then lower your self into the scales, but do not close your arms, as you will use them. When your opponent then wants to lift you up with force, then wait until he lower himself down and bends the knee, then sweep it with your own knee from outside, and you will throw him on his back. This can be done on both sides. |
[130v] Mitt gleych fassen Item Rinngstu mit Ainem gleych fassens. Inn den armen. so sennckh dich fast nider. Inn die wag. vnnd schleusz deinne arm nit zu. das du sy prauchen migst. wann dich ainner dann mit gewalt hebe will. so wart wenn Er sich nider sennckt. nach der krafft vnnd die knie beugt so stosz Im mit deinnem knie aussen an sein knie. so wirfstu In auf den rucken vnnd geet zu baiden seitten. |
Habitus mutuae correptionis Si cum quopiam colluctaris ex mutua correptione, te deorsum in libram demittas. Nolito autem brachia tua concludere, ut queas iis uti si opus fuerit. Cum igitur continere vi adversarius continetur accurate animadvertas, si is se demiserit, genua flectens ut altero genu tuo ipsius item genu externe concutias, atque ea ratione eum supinum prosternes. Is etiam habitus utrinque formatur. |
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Knee sweep If someone has swept your knee as described above, so that you must fall, then make sure to hold firmly with your right arm, and stretch out your leg far underneath, and throw your self forcefully and put the left hand on the ground. That way you will throw your opponent over you. This technique is called withfall, and the third foot, and it can be done on both sides. |
Knie stossen Item so ainner Also das knie stost. das du fallen must. so halt dich starckh mit deinnem rechten arm. vnd reckh die fuosz vnnden lanng hinnausz. vnnd schwing dich Im fall starckh zu der erden. vnnd fall mit der linncken hand hinder In auf die erden. so wirfstu In vber dich auf. vnnd haist das mitfallen vnnd der drit fusz vnnd geet z_ von baiden seitten. |
Ratio impellendi genua Quum quispiam eo modo genu impulerit, ita ut concidere te oporteat, curabis ut brachio dextro firmiter insistas, atque inferne pedes longe porrigas. Tum in ipso casu te deorsum vi deiicias, manus sinistra retro hostem humum contingat, et ea ratione hostem sublevabis. Is igitur habitus utrinque exercetur. |
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If you wrestle a strong opponent If you wrestle with someone strong in equal holds, and he lifts you up hard, then grab behind his chin with your left hand and push him from you. As soon as lets go of you, grab his wrist with your right hand and step forward with your right foot, that way you will throw him as well as break/dislocate his arm. This can be done on both sides. |
[131r] Mitt ainnem starcken Item rinngstu mit Ainnem starcken. gleych fassens. vnnd er hebt dich mit gwallt vber die Erden. so greife Im mit der linncken hannd hinder seinnen kinpacken vnnd tauch In fast von dir. vnnd alszbald er dir auf last geen. so greiff mit deiner rechten hannd Inn das gelaich. vnnd tritt mit deinnem Rechten fusz fur In. so wirfstu In vnnd prichst Im den arm ab vnd geet von baide seitte. |
[304r] Si cum forti aliquo colluctaris, qua ratione utendum Si cum aliquo forti luctaris, mutuoque vos corripuistis, atque vi continuerit te, tum manu sinistra maxillam illius adprehendito, eumque repellas abs te. Sed quamprimum is aperuerit, iuncturam ipsius dextra manu subito corripias. Post adversarium dextro pede antecedas, et ea ratione ipsum prosternis, pariterque brachium ipsius disrumpis. Eum habitum utrinque exercere poteris. |
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Another When your opponent is holding you in the same manner, and has both arms closed together, and is about to step forward, then grab your right hand with your left, and pull it forward, then you break/dislocate his arm. This can be done on both sides. |
Notta Item wann dich ainner allso gefasst hatt Vnd baid arm Inn ainannder geschlossen hat. vnnd mit dem fusz fur will tretten. so greyff bald mit deinner rechten hannd In dein lincke vnnd zeuch fast herfur wartz. so prichstu Im den arm ab. vnnd geet vonn baiden seitten. |
Aliud Quum adversarius pari ratione te comprehenderit, et utrumque brachium intercluserit, nec non altero pede antecedere te conabitur, tum subito dextra manu tuam sinistram corripito. Inde si pro viribus anteversum protraxeris, brachium disrumpas licebit. Is itidem habitus utrinque exercetur. |
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Another wrestling technique When you are wrestling someone on equal holds, then note that as soon as he wants to pull you towards him or press you, you grab hold of his right arm with both of yours, and put your shoulder under his right arm. If he then wants to pull you over with force, then make sure that you grab hold of one of his legs. This can be done on both sides. |
[131v] Ainn annders Ringen Item Rinngstu mit Ainnem starcken gleych fassens. so wart wann er dich will zu Im tauchen. oder trucken. das du Im seinnen rechten arm mit deinnen baiden armen fassest. vnnd setz Im dein achsel starckh hinder sein rechten. Vchsen. Inn die Fast. will er dich dann mit gwallt vberdrinngen. so wart das du Im ainnen fuosz ergreiffest. das geet von baiden seitten. |
Alia luctae species Si cum quopiam forti colluctaris pari correptione accurate observabis, si adversarius te adtrahere conetur vel comprimere ut ipsius dextrum brachium utroque brachio comprehendas, atque humerum tuum [304v] retro axillam adversarii dextram adiungas. Si igitur vi te coartando vincere conabitur, diligenter curato ut ipsius alterum pedem corripias. Id utrinque procedit. |
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What to do if someone is too strong If your opponent is stronger than you, and is about to lift one of your legs up forcefully, then put your leg around his leg. If someone on the other hand has closed his leg around yours, then lift up his foot and pull it towards you. If you then sweep his free leg with your closed legs, he will fall backwards. This can be done on the other side as well. |
So dir ainner zu Starckh ist. Item ist dir ainner zu starckh vnnd will dir ainnen fusz mit gwallt aufheben so schleusz Im ainnen hacken. so dir ainner den hagcken einscheust. so heb In oben zu dir. vnnd heb In auf. vnd schlag In mit den geschlossnen fuessen. an sein ledigen fusz. so fellt er an Rucken. das geet zu baiden seitten. |
Instructio si quispiam te fortior tecum colluctetur, qua ratione sit utendum. Si adversarius te fortior vi conetur alterum pedem tuum attollere, cum ipsum intercludas. Idem si ab hoste tibi contingat, superne ipsum versus te attrahas, atque subleves. Inde si conclusis pedibus, pedem ipsius liberum concusseris, resupinum concidet. Utrinque etiam is habitus procedit. |
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Worth noting If you wrestle with someone who is stronger than you, make sure above all that you hook his leg well, and thrust him backwards, and then pull him towards you again, then sweep the leg you hooked, and you will then throw him on his back. This can be done on both sides. |
[132r] Notta Item Rinngstu mit ainem Vor dir zu starckh ist. so besich. das du Im In den hacken komest. vnnd zeuch In. fast hinndersich vnnd du In herzu brinngst. so ruckh Im den gehagckten fuosz herfur. so wirfstu In an den rucken. das geet zu baiden seitten. |
Notabile Si cum adversario colluctaris qui te viribus praestet. In primis curato ut ipsum intercludas, eumque retrorsum agas. Si autem eum attraxeris, pedem interclusum ipsius protrahas, supinum ex ea ratione eum deiicies. Utrinque item et hoc formatur. |
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About the leg hook When you wrestle with a strong opponent, and he hooks your leg with force, then pull him towards you as hard as you can with right hand and step with your hooked leg on top of his free foot, and push him away from you above, you will throw him on his face. |
Notta vonn hacken Item Rinngstu mit Ainem starcken vnnd kumpt dir mit gewallt Inn den hagcken. so ruckh. In mit der Rechten hannd starckh zu dir vnnd trit Im mit dem geschlossnen fuosz. auf seinn ledigen fuosz. vnnd truckh In oben von dir. so wirfstu In auf das maul. |
[305r] De interclusione Quum colluctaris cum aliquo forti, atque te vi intercludat, tum manu dextra totis viribus eum ad te attrahas, nec non interclusum ipsius libero pedi superimponas. Inde si superne imsum removeris, pronus concidet adversarius. |
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Note If someone has hooked your leg, and grabbed you by your free arm, and wants to throw you, then grab him with your lower arm from behind over his arm and push him forward, then you break his arm and throws him face first. This can be done on both sides. |
[132v] Notta Item hat dir ainner Gehackt vnnd ergreifft dir deinnen ledigen arm vnnd will dich werffen. so greiff In bald mit deinnem. vnndern arm hindenher vber seinnen arm. vnnd Ruckh In herfur. so prichstu Im den arm ab. vnd wirfst In auf das maul. das geet zu baiden seitten. |
Notabile Si quis intercluserit te, et liberum brachium tuum corripuerit, coneturque te sternere, tum brachium inferius ipsius brachio retrorsum superiniicias atque ipsum protrahas. Eo igitur habitu brachium ipsi disrumpes, atque insuper pronum prosternes. Utrinque hoc exercetur. |
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Note If you see that your opponent wants to bring you out of the leg hook, then quickly stretch out hard on him, step with the same foot before him and twist your hip into his groin and grab him with your left hand behind his leg. That way you will throw him over your back. This can be done from both sides. |
Notta Item so du empfindst das dich ainner. ausz dem hagcken will prinngen. so spann dich hart Inn In. gehlingen so tritt mit dem selbigen fuosz fur In vnnd ker Im die huff Inn die schosz. vnd greiff Im mit deinner lincken hand. hinden nach dem pain. so wirfstu In vber den rucken. vnd geet zu baiden seitten. |
Aliud Si animadvertis, qui adversarius ex interclusione pellere te moliatur, tunc subito te in ipsum extendas. Eodemque pede ipsum praecedas, coxam inde in gremium adplices. Post sinistra manu pedem ipsius retrorsum captato, per dorsum hostem deiicies. Item et hoc utrinque formetur. |
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Another wrestling technique If your opponent is faster than you and gets both his arm underneath yours and wants to throw you over or press you down, then grab his head with both hands and thrust it up and away from you, that way you will break his neck. |
Notta Item so du empfindst das dich ainner. ausz dem hagcken will prinngen. so spann dich hart Inn In. gehlingen so tritt mit dem selbigen fuosz fur In vnnd ker Im die huff Inn die schosz. vnd greiff Im mit deinner lincken hand. hinden nach dem pain. so wirfstu In vber den rucken. vnd geet zu baiden seitten. |
[305v] Alia luctae effigies Cum adversarius te praevenit, atque brachium utrunque subiecerit, et corpori tuo adplicarit, inde autem sternere vel comprimere te moliatur tu manum utranque capiti adversarii imponito, atque si superne abs te urgeas retrorsum vero depresseris, ipsius collum infringes. |
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A grip If your opponent grabs you with his left hand on your collar and with his right hand underneath by the jacket, then grab with your left hand in the wrist on his left hand, turn around and put your right elbow on top if his arm and press him down. That can be done on both sides. |
[133r] Einn fassen Item fast dich ainner Mit seiner linncken hannd. bey dem goller vnnd mit der. rechten vnnden. bey der Jurpen. so greyfft Im mit deinner linncken hannd Inn sein glenckh vnd reib Im vmb. vnnd setz Im deinnen rechten Elenpogen oben auf sein arm. vnnd truckh Inn nider zu der erden. das geet zu baiden seitten. |
Correptionis effigies Si adversarius diphteram tuam manu sinistra corripuerit, atque dextra inferne adprehenderit, tum iuncturam itidem sinistra amplectitor adversarii. Inde si retrorseris cubitum dextrum brachio ipsius superne adplices, atque deorsum supprimas. Utrinque id exerceas. |
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Arm breaking technique If someone lowers his left arm and hinders you from turning around, then grab around his right arm with both your arms from below near by the wrist heave him up, that way you will break his arm. This can be done on both sides. |
Arm bruch Item ob ainner den Lincken arm nider senckest. vnnd last In nit vmbreiben. so schleusz Im deine baid arm vnden vmb seinen rechten arm. nachent bey dem gelaich vnd heb In vbersich auf so prichstu Im den arm ab vnnd geet von baiden seitten. |
Ratio infringendi brachii Sin autem brachium hostis demiserit sinistrum vetetque ne circumflectere possis brachium tum inferne adversarii brachium dextrum concludas utroque brachio tuo prope iuncturam. Ea ratione si sustuleris sursum, brachium ipsius infringes. Et hoc utrinque formatur. |
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If someone grabs you from behind If someone embraces you behind the back while you wrestle, then quickly grab him by the hair with both your hands over your head, and throw him over your head. If you want to counter this, then grab hold of both his elbows and pull him backwards or bend your head down as far as you can, so that he cannot reach your hair. |
Facht dich ainer vmb. Item vmbfacht dich ainner hinden vmb In ainer schitt oder Ringen. so greyff bald auf mit baiden henden vber dein haupt. vnnd fasz In bey dem har. so wirfstu In vber das haupt. wiltu das prechen. so ergreyff Im seine baid Elenpogen vnnd zeuch In zuruckh. oder zeuch das haupt fast hinder sich. das ers nit erlanngen mag. |
[306r] Habitus cum quis te complexus fuerit Si hostis te fuerit complexus luctando, manibus celerrime sublatis utrisque in capillos involes hostis, et ea ratione per caput eum transmittere quibus. At si id destruere volueris, utrunque cubitum corripito. Retrorsum inde si urseris, vel caput tuum retrorsum vertas quantum poteris, crines tuos adprehendere nequibit. |
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Note If someone holds you so firmly that you cannot reach his hair, then hit him in the face, lower yourself down quickly and step with one foot behind him, that way you will throw your opponent on his back. That can be done on both sides. |
[133v] Notta Item hebt dich ainner Starckh vnd. will dich zu dem har nit kumen mugest. lassen so stosz. Im oben nach dem Maul. vnnd sennckh dich gehlinngen nider. vnd trit mit ainem fuosz hinder Inn. so wirfstu In auf den rucken. vnd geet von baiden seitte. |
Notabile Si quis pro viribus te contineat, vetetque ne capillos adprehendere suos possis, os ipsius impellas. Inde autem de repente te demittas atque alterum pedem retro ipsum colloces, et eo modo supinum hostem prosternes. Utrinque id exercetur. |
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About stepping under If someone holds you firmly and stands in the scales, and will not allow you to step underneath him, then grab him by one of his fingers, and break it loose. This however must be kept secret and never be used except in dire emergency. |
Vom vndertreten Item hept dich ainner Starckh vnnd setz sich Inn die wag. vnnd will sich nit vnndertretten lassen. so fasz In bey ainem finnger. so prichstu Im den finger ausz. das soll man verporgen hallten vnndonn noth kainnem thon. |
Prohibitio ne hostem inferne calcare queas Si quis te firmiter contineat, et in librae habitu se composuerit, vetueritque ne inferne ipsum calcare possis, tum digitum ipsius aliquem corripito, atque eo modo digitum eundem corrumpas. Is autem habitus occulte fiat, neque eum exerceas, nisi necessitate summa fueris coactus. |
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If someone grabs around your chest If someone grabs around your chest in front of you, and has both of his arms under yours, then grab him with one hand in his collar and put one finger in his throat, then he must let go of you, and you can go under him, or throw him on his back. |
Vornen vmb zu fachen Item so dich ainner vornen. Vmbfacht vnnd hat baid arm vnden. so greiff Im mit ainner hand Inn das goller. vnd stich In mit ainnem finger. Inn den hals. so muosz er dich lassen. vnd magst In dann vndertreten. vnnd auf den rucken werffen. |
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Note If someone has grabbed you by the collar from behind and tries to hold you or stab you, then put your left hand on top of his hand in the wrist(?) and twist it around, put your right elbow on top of his arm and thrust down, then you break his arm. This can be done from both sides. |
[134r] Notta Item fast dich ainner Hinnden bey dem goller. vnnd will dich fachen oder stechen. so greyff Im mit deiner linncken hannd oben auf seinn hannd Inn das gleaich vnnd reyb Ims vmb. vnd setz Im deinnen. Rechten Elenpogen oben auf sein arm vnnd stosz nider. zu der erden. so prichstu Im dem arm ab. vnnd geet von baiden seitten. |
Notabile Si adversarius diphteram tuam adprehenderit, atque te capere vel pungere molitur, tum manum sinistram ipsius manui superimponas in iunctura. Inde eam circumflectas, dextrum brachium superne brachio eius imponito. Post si deorsum suppresseris, et ea ratione brachium hostis infringes. Utrinque et hunc habitum formabis. |
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Note When someone grabs you by the collar then turn to your left, and thrust with your right hand into his elbow and step with your left foot before him, that way you will throw him on his face. This can be done on both sides. |
Notta Item hept dich ainner bey dem Goller so ker dich auf dein linncken seitten. vnnd stosz In mit der rechten hannd Inn sein Elenpogen. vnnd tritt mitdeinnem linncken fuosz fur In. so stosstu In auf das Maul. das geet von baiden seitten. |
Aliud Cum aliquis diphteram corripuerit tuam, te in latus sinistrum convertas, atque manu dextra cubitum adversarii impellas. Inde si sinistro pede ipsum antecesseris, pronum impulsu facto hostem deiicies. Etiam id utrinque exerceas. |
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Another wrestling technique When you wrestle with someone and you notice that he is about to punch you, then move both your hands to your belly, and step towards him. When he then tries to hit you in the face, catch the punch with the open palm of your right hand, and advance on him as follows below. |
Ainn Rinngen Item Rinngstu Mit ainnem vnd sichst das er dich schlagen will. so leg. deine baidhend auf den pauch. vnd gee vast auf In. schlecht er dir dann nach dem angesicht. so far auf mit deinner Rechten hannd vnnd fach den schlag In offne hand vnnd tritt Im dann ein als hernach steet. |
[307r] Aliud luctae species. Si cum aliquo luctaris, et tu videris ipsum ad verberandum esse preparatum, utranque manum ventri admoveto, eaque ratione adgreditor, cum igitur faciem verberare conetur dextra manu sublata plagam hostilem manu aperta excipito, atque tum utitor iis habitibus, qui iam subsequuntur. |
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Note When you have parried the blow with your right hand, step in deep with your right foot behind his right foot in the traverse, then you will throw him on his back. |
[134v] Notta Item so du Im den schlag hast Aufgefanngen. mit deinner rechten hannd. so tritt mit deinnem rechten fuosz tüeff hinnder seinnen rechten fuosz.Inn die zwirch. so wirffstu In auf den Rucken./. |
Si plagam hostilem dextra manu exceperis, tum longe pedem dextrum tuum dextro item hostis pedi transversim postponito, atque si id rite feceris, supinum hostem prosternes. |
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Another When someone tries to punch you in the face, then (parry and catch as before) and strike with your fist outstreched under his collar, and then grab around his leg with your right arm, and you will throw him on his back. |
Notta Item schlecht dir ainer Nach dem angesicht. so stosz In mit deinner linncken geraden faust vnden an sein goller vnnd fall Im mit dem rechten arm vmb sein pain. so wirfstu In auf den rucken. |
Aliud Cum quispiam faciem tuam pulsare conetur, tunc pugno sinistro porrecto vel palma extenta diphteram inferne impetus totis animi viribus dextrum brachium inde si alteri hostis pedi circumieceris, resupinum prosternas adversarium. |
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Another wrestling technique When your opponent tries to hit you, then catch the blow with the outside of the hand, and push him backwards with all your might. Then catch with your left hand from underneath around his right arm, and step behind his right foot with your left foot, that way you will throw him on his back and break his arm. |
Notta Item schlecht dir ainner zu. so fach den Schlag auf dein ewichen hannd vnd truckh In fast zurukh. vnnd greyff mit deinner linncken hannd vnnden vmb seinen Rechten Arm vnd tritt mit deinem rechten fuosz vnder sein rechten. so wirfstu In auf den rucken. vnnd wirfft Im den arm ab. |
Aliud Si adversarius verberare conetur, manu inversa vim hostilem [307v] excipito, retorsumque totis viribus urgeas. Inde manu sinistra inferne brachium ipsius dextrum amplectitor, atque si dextrum pedem ipsius itidem dextro subposueris, supinum prosternas, simul simul etiam brachium ipsius disrumpitur. |
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Grabbing the hair When someone has grabbed hold of your hair, then grab with your left hand over both of his hands onto the wrist of his right hand and with your right hand underneath on his elbow. Then, if you twist his arm upward, you will get free of him and break his arm. |
[135r] Beim har zufassen. Item fast dich ainner Bey dem har. so greiff Im mit deinner linncken hand vber seinne baid hend. In sein rechten hannd Inn das glaich vnd mit dem rechten vnnden Inn den Elennpogen. vnnd winnd Im den arm Inn die hoch auf. so wirfstu ledig vnnd prichst Im den arm ab. |
Ratio capillos corripiendi, et eius dem habitus destructio Cum hostis capillos tuos adprehenderit, tum manum sinistram utrique manu superiniicias in iuncturam dextrae manus, dextrum vero inferne cubito ipsius iniicias. Inde si sursum hostile brachium torseris teipsum liberabis, atque insimul brachium illi disrumpes. |
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Another When both of you have grabbed each other by the hair, then grab hold of him as before, and twist his left hand on your right arm, and press down hard, and then hit him in the neck with your left hand. |
Notta Item wann du mit ainem Faffest. so fasz In als vor. vnnd wind Im sein linncke hannd auf dein rechten arm. vnnd truckh In fast zu der Erden. vnnd schlag In mit der linncken hannd auf den hals. |
Aliud Cum mutuo capillos corripuistis, tum pari ratione ut supra praedictum est hostem corripito, et manum ipsius sinistram in brachium dextrum tuum retrorqueas. Inde pro viribus deorsum supprimas, atque manu sinistra collum ipsius verberes. |
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A throw When someone has taken hold of you in the middle and wants to throw you on your back by headbutting you, then as quickly as you can, take hold of both his shoulders, so that you again can grab him by the collar. Then sweep his leg with your foot, and he will fall over. |
Einn abwerffen Hatt dich ainner Inn der mitte gefast vnnd vermaint dich mit dem kopff an rucken zu stossen. so er [135v] wisch In Indes mit seinnen baiden Achslen wder Wie du In daselbst mit dem goller fassen kanst. schlag ain pain fur. so schwingstu In daruber. das Erfallen muosz. |
[308r] Destructio si quis te sternere conetur capitis impulsu Si quis medium te complexus fuerit, atque supinum capitis impulsu prosternere moliatur, tum celerrime utrunque humerum corripias, vel quoquo modo ipsum iuxta diphteram adprehendere poteris. Inde si ipsi pedem anteposueris, per eundem adversarium praecipites. |
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A counter to above mentioned technique If someone has grabbed you the same way, then let go of his waist, and grab him behind the knees, and lift him up, that way you can either as you wish, throw him on his back, over your head, or run away with him. |
Bruch Fast er dich allso zum Schwimg. so lasz vonn seinner waiche. vnnd greyff Im Inn die Kniepug. heb Ibersich. so fellst In an den rucken. oder wirfst In vber dein kopff. oder laufft mit Im daruon. |
Antecedentis destructio Sin autem hostis praecipitandum te pari modo te comprehenderit, iliis relictis, poplitem ipsius corripito. Si ea ratione levaris, supinus hostis concidere, vel per caput tuum praecipites, aut si mavis asportes ipsum. |
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A wrestling throw Grab him by the left hand with your right, and lift it well, go through with your head, and grab with your left hand in his right knee. Then lift him by the leg on your shoulders, and you will throw him over your back face first. |
Ein werffen ausz Dem Rinngen Item begreyff sein Linncke hand mit deinner rechten. heb Im seinnen arm wol vbersich. gee mit dem haupt durch greiff mit der Linncken hannd. Inn seinn rechten kniepug. heb In mit den schultern beim bain auf. wirff In vber dein Rucken auf den kopff. |
Ratio ex lucta sternendi Dextra manu tua ipsius adversarii sinistram adprehendas, brachiumque ipsius subleves. Inde sub ipsius brachio levato caput tuum transmittas. Post si poplitem eius dextrum manu sinistra corripueris humeris pedem sustollas, in caput hostem per dorsum tuum praecipites. |
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Another Grab hold with your left hand onto his right and twist it away from you on your left side, step with your right foot behind his right and grab with your right hand up front on his neck, and throw him over your right hip. |
[136r] Einn annders Item greyff Im mit Deinner Lincke hannd Inn sein rechte. vnnd reyb sy von dir Inn die Linncken seitten. vnnd schreit mit deinnem rechten fuosz hinder seinnen Rechten. greiff mit deinner Rechten vornen vmb seinnen hals. vnd wirff In fur dich vber die hüff des rechten pains |
[308v] Alia effigies Manu sinistra hostis dextram adprehendito, atque abs te in latus sinistrum retorqueto. Post dextrum pedem ipsius item dextro postponas, dextram manum eius collo anterius adiicias, atque adversarium per femur pedis dextri praecipites. |
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Note If your opponent has is arms held high when advancing onto you, then run through him with the head under his right arm on his right side. Step in front of his right foot and grab around his waist from behind with your right arm. Lower yourself a little, lift him up on your right hip and throw him behind you. |
Notta Item gat er hoch gegen dir Inn dem Rinngen mit aufgereckten armen. so lauf Im durch mit dem haupt. vnnder seinnen rechten arm. seinner rechten seitten. schreit vornen fur seinnen rechten fuosz. vnnd far Im mit deinnem Rechten arm vnnder seinnem rechten durch vnnd hinden vmb seinner leyb. senckh dich ain wenig nider vnnd heb In auf dein Rechte hüff. vnnd wirff In hinder dich |
Notabile Si sublatis brachiis adversarius contra te procedit, tum sub brachio ipsius dextro lateris dextri transmittas caput tuum, ipsius pedem dextrum praecedas, atque dextrum brachium sub brachio ipsius itidem dextro transmittas ilia circundando. Post si te nonnihil demiseris in dextrum femur eum assumas, atque reiicias. |
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What to do with your opponent once you have thrown him When you have thrown your opponent to the ground, then knee him in the groin and hold both of his arms or his throat and press down, that way you may keep him down. |
[136v] So ainner Gefallen Ist Enntlich so du ainnen geworffen. vnnd zu fal pracht. so knie Im zwische baide pain auf seinne gemecht. fasz Im baid hennd oder die gurgel. truckh fast allenthalben zu der Erden. so behelst du In. |
Quid agendum cum deiecto Si quempiam prostraveris, tunc utroque genu pubem ipsius deiecti intra pedem utrunque urgebis, ambas manus corripito, gutturem etiam si volueris adversarii adprehendito. Inde si ex omni parte depresseris hostem captivum retinere licebit. |
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Counter If you have been thrown to the ground by your opponent, then make sure above all things that your hands are not caught. Quickly, with one hand grab onto his face with the thumb under his chin and the rest of the fingers in his eyes, and press them away as hard as you can, and with the other hand hit him in the bladder. Extend the one leg that is the freest, and pull him towards you again, and he will receive a good hit to the groin as well. With these three moves mentioned here you will break free of him and weaken him as well. |
Bruch Item pistuje ver gwalltigt Vnd vnnder geworffen. hab eylenndsgut acht. das dir deinne hend nit verschlossen seien. sonnder far Im gleych mit ainner hand Ins angsicht den daumen vnnders kin. die anndern finger vnnder den augapffel. greyff also starckh mit der anndern hannd stosz Im starck neben zur plassen. streck ainnen schennckel der dir amledigsten ist. zeuch In geschwinnd wider an dich. so gibstu Im ein guts zu den hoden. Mit disen drey griffen zu ainnem mal magstu In vonn dir prinngen. ˙/· |
[309r] Destructio Sin autem tu deiectus atque superatus ab hoste fueris, in primis atque ante omnia diligenter curabis, ne manus tuae intercludantur. Subito autem altera manu faciem ipsius adprehendito, pollex mento supponitor reliquos digitos manus eiusdem pupillae, eosque pro viribus tuis adplices, verum altera manu totis item viribus vesicam hostis impellas, alterum pedem inde qui liberior est atque magis solutus extendas, atque celeriter rursum attrahas, et testiculos ipsius impetas. His igitur tribus tactibus ut iam commemorati sunt adversarium abiges, atque infirmabis. |
| Source Images | Images | Draft Translation
by Kendra Brown, Rebecca Garber, Mark Millman, |
Dresden Version II (1550s) | Vienna Version I (1550s) [German] | Vienna Version I (1550s) [Latin] | Munich Version II (1550s) | Jörg Breu's Sketchbook (1545) |
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The first binding-on at the dagger Item, conduct yourself thus in the onset with the daggers. Wind yourself with stabs and with thrusts to him [so] that your right foot stands forward. If he thus thrusts to you at your right side and you stand also with your right foot forward against him, so take him out away from there with an outside binding [so] that your thumb stands above on your pommel. Immediately pull your dagger nimbly to yourself and thrust to him therewith at his right side. If he should thus then thrust at you, so take that [his] away from below so that your thumb stands on your pommel and the blade lies outward on the arm.[3] Immediately step with your left leg behind his right and grab with your left hand on his right elbow. Shove him therewith from you and, simultaneous with the shove, stab at his face. If he has thus seized you and stabs at your face, so take him away nimbly inwardly with your left hand. Immediately set your right leg back on your right side so you wind yourself from him. |
[211r] Der est anbund im Tolchenn Item schick dich also in dem zufechten mit dem Tolchen, wind dich mit stichen und mit stossen zu im, das dein rechter fuß vor stand. Sticht er dir also nach deiner rechten seiten, und du auch mitt deinem rechten fuss vorsteest gegen Im, so nimb Im das ab aus dem ausseren anbund, das dein daumen oben auff dein knopff stand. In dem zuck deinen Tolch behend an dich, und stoß Im darmit nach seiner rechte seiten. Stost er dann also auff dich, so nimb Im das ab von unden, das dein daum auf deinen knopf stand, und die kling außwendig auff dein arm lig. In des trit mit deinem lingken schenckel hinder seinen rechten, und griff mit deiner lingken hand in sein rechten elnbogen, scheub in damit von dir, und in dem schieben stich Im nach seinen gesicht. Hat er dich also gefaßt, und sticht dir nach deinem gesicht, so nimb Im das behend ab Inwendig mit deiner lingken hand, In dem setz deinen rechte schenkl zurugk auff dein rechte seiten, so windst du dich von Im. |
[211r] Primus contactus seu coniunctio pugionum Contra hostem procedes, punctionibus nec non impulsibus utendo, postea dextrum pedem prepones. Sed si is dextrum latus pungendo adgreditur, te itidem dextrum preponente, tu eum conatum exteriori pugionum contactu excipias, pollice tuo nodo pugionis adjuncto, verum quam celerrime poteris, pugionem versum te si adtraxeris, habitu eo dextrum latus acriter impellas tundendo adversarij. Sin vero is idem contra te usurparit, inferne pugionem regendo sursum hostis impetum removeto, pollice itidem nodo pugionis tui adplicato, pugio vero externus brachio impositus; ex ea itaque corporis forma pedem sinistrum, adversarij dextro postpones, manu sinistra cubitum eius dextrum adprehende, abs te hostem inde si remoueris, in ipso remotionis actu visum figendo adversarij adpetas. Ceterum eo idem contra te usurpante, manu sinistra confestim eum repellas interius, interimque dextrum si reduxetis pedem in latus dextrum tuum, ab hoste deflectendo recedes. |
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A stab against the taking away Item: conduct yourself thus in this device with the onset. Wind yourself with stabs and with thrusts doubly in at him [so] that your left leg comes in forward and [you] stab him at his right side [so] that the thumb stands by your rondel. If he thus stabs at your right side and you stand with your right foot forward, so take that away from the binding behind his rondel [so] that your thumb is [shall be] above on your pommel. Immediately step with your left foot behind his right* and set your left hand behind his right elbow; shove him therewith from you and stab him at his neck. BREAK If he has thus set on, so set your left foot back and grab with your left hand outward over his right[4] and stab him at his face. If he takes that away with his dagger, so grab with your left hand on his right; push him therewith under himself and thrust him in his face. If he thus thrusts doubly at you, so grab with your left hand on his right arm, step with your right foot behind his right and shove him with strength from yourself.[5] |
[211v] Ein stich gegen dem abnemen Item, schick dich also in dises stuck mit dem zufechten, wind dich mit stichen und mit stossen zwifach zu im hinein, das dein lingker schenkel Im für komm, und stich im nach seiner rechten seiten, das der daum bey deiner schieben stand. Sticht er dir also nach deiner rechte seiten, und du mitt deinem rechten fuß vorsteest, so nimb Im das aus dem anbund hinder seiner scheiben, das dein daum oben auff dem knopff sey. In des trit mit deinem lingken fuß hinder seinen rechten, und setz Im dein lingke hand hinder seinen rechten elnbogen, scheub In damit von dir, und stich Im nach seinem hals. Hat er dir also angesetzt, so setz deinen linggen fuß zurucgk, und greiff mit deiner lingken hand außwendig über sein rechte, und stich Im nach seinem gesicht. Nimbt er dir das ab mit seinem tolche, so greiff mit deiner lingken hand nach seiner rechten, truck In damit undersich, und stoß Im zu seinem gesicht. Stost er dir also zwifach zu, so greiff mit deiner lingken hand nach seinem rechten arm, trit mit deinem rechten fuß hinder seinen rechte, und scheub In mit sterck von dir. |
[211v] Punctio contra aversionis habitum. In congressu contra hostem hac ratione te accomodato, punctiones et impulsus usurpando ingreditor dupliciter contra eum ita tamen ut pes sinister prior sit, atque latus eius dextrum figito, pollice iuxta laminam consistentem. Sed si is idem usurparit, dextrum te prefigente, eius conatum removaberis ex pugionum coniunctione retro hostilis pugionis laminam, pollice tuo supra nodum consistente, interea pede sinistro retro adversarij dextrum concedas, secundumque cubitum dextrum eius brachium manu sinsitra arripe, si eum eo habitu repuleris, collum ipsius figito. Sin autem te eadem ratione adgredi conetur sinistrum referes pedem, manu sinistra supra eius dextram dirigenda exterius, uisum adversarij pungito. At si is pugionis sui habitu te repulerit, sinistra manu, eius dextra arrepta, si depresseris deorsum, rursus uisum eius pungendo sauciabis. Verum si adversarius te gemino impulsu appetierit, dextro ipsius brachio manu sinistra adprehenso, atque dextrum pedem si hostis dextro postposueris, fortiter abs te eum repellas, id est pugione brachio adplicato. |
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Two inward takings away from the right side Item: conduct yourself thus in this taking away. Set your right foot forward and go to him with your dagger at his right arm. If he stands also thus against you with his right foot forward and is simultaneously working with you, so grab with your left hand in front on his right, shove him therewith under himself and stab at his right side. If he thus stabs at you, so seize him with your left hand by his right elbow and step in with your left foot; shove him therewith from you. If he thus shoves you from him, so step with your right leg back on your right side so you wind yourself away from him. In this, step with equal feet together and stab him in his face. If he thus takes away this stab and sets this of yours off with his dagger on his right arm and grabs you with his left hand on your right arm, so grab with your left hand well under his right arm pit and twist him on your right side.[6] Immediately step in behind and stab him in his neck. |
[212r] Zwai Inwendige abnemen von der rechten seiten Item schick dich also in das abnemen, setz deinen rechten fuß vor, und gang Im mit deinem tolchen nach seinem rechten arm. Steet er dann auch also gegen dir mit seinem rechten fuß vor, und ist in gleicher arbait mit dir, so greiff mit deiner lingken hand vornen nach seiner rechten, scheub In damit undersich, und stich Im nach seiner rechten seiten. Sticht er dir also zu, so faß In mit deiner lingken hand bej seinem rechten elnbogen, und trit mit deinem lingken fuß hinein, scheub In damit von dir. Scheubt er dich also von Im, so trit mit deinem rechten schenkel zurugk auff dein rechte seiten, so windst du dich von Im. In dem trit mit gleichen fuessen zusamen, und stich Im nach seinem gesicht. Nimbt er dir den stich ab, und versetzt dir das mit seinem Tolchen auff seinem rechten arm, und greift dir mit seiner lingken hand nach deinem rechten arm, so greiff mit deiner lingken hand wol under sein rechte uchße, und verwend In auff dein rechte seiten. In des trit behend hinnach, und stich Im nach seinem hals. |
[212r] Duae interiores aversiones de latere dextro. Ad habitum eius aversionis si rite te componere volueris, dextrum pedem prepones, hostisque brachium dextrum adpetito. Sed si is itidem contra te dextro innixus fuerit, æqualiterque tecum pugnarit, tum manu sinistra, anterius eius dextram si adprehenderis, nec non deorsum suppresseris, dextrum latus figito hostis. At si te consimili ratione adgredi moliatur, dextrum eius cubitum manu sinistra arrepta, si pede sinistro fueris insequutus, eum abs te removeas. Sin autem is te itidem repulerit, dextrum referto in latus dextrum, et eo modo ab hoste te deflectes, interim vero pedem utrumque si coniunxeris, uisum eius pungito. Sed si eum impetum exceperit pugione brachio dextro imposito, atque manu sinistra tuum brachium dextrum arripere conetur, tum axillam dextram adversarij manu sinistra adprehendas, eumque in latus dextrum convertas. Verum subito insequutus collum eius figito. |
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Two other inward takings away which lead to an arm break Item: conduct yourself thus with this device. Stand with your right foot forward. If he then also stands against you with his right foot set forward with you in equal effort[7] and [you] have thus bound one another inwardly with your daggers, thus pull [it] immediately nimbly and change it through from below and stab him outwardly at his right arm. If he should stab thus at you, so take it away with your dagger on your arm, immediately stab nimbly from above at his face. If he should set off this stab, thus pull above and stab him from below at his right side. If he should thus stab doubly at you thus set it off with your dagger and grab with your left hand forward at his point. If he has thus seized you and desires to take your dagger, so release it to him. Immediately grab with your right hand in front on his right and with the left well behind his right elbow, step with your left foot behind his right, immediately wind him above from you and below to you, thus you break his arm. |
[212v] Zway andere Inwendige abnemen, daraus die armbruch gond Item schick dich also mit disem stuck, stand mit deinem rechten fuß vor, steet er dan auch gegen dir seinem rechten fuß furgesetzt mit dir in gleicher arbait, und habt also einander mit *euren Tolche Inwendig angebunden, so zuck in des behend, und wechsel Im von unden durch, und stich In außwendig nach seinem rechten arm. Sticht er dir also zu, so nimb Im das ab mit deinem Tolchen auff deinem arm, In des stich Im behend von oben nach seinem gesicht. Versetzt er dir den stich, so zuch oben, un stich Im unden nach seiner rechten seiten. Sticht er dir also zwifach ein, so setz Im auff mit deinem Tolchen, und greif mit deiner lingken hand nach seinem vordern ort. Hat er dich also gefaßt, und begert dir den Tolche zu nemen, so laß Im den. In des greiff mit deiner rechte hand vornen auf sein rechte, und mit der lincken wol hinder seinem rechten elnbogen; trit mit deinem lingken fuß hinder seinen rechten. In des wind In oben von dir, und unden zu dir, so brichst du Im den arm. |
[212v] Duae aliae interiores auersiones, unde infringendorum brachiorum habitus formantur Dextrum pedem, si ad hostem propius accesseris preponas. Et si is uicissim dextro innitens contra te constiterit, parique labore seu pugnu tecum concertet, necnon pugiones inuicem contigeritis interius, pugione tuo quantum poteris celerrime retracto, inferneque circumvoluto, dextrum eius brachium exterius pungito. Sed si hostis eadem ratione te adgredi conetur, pugione imposito brachio, eius impetum auertere non dubites, uersum confestim superne eius uisum pungere conaberis. Sin eum conatum repellere tentarit, pugione superne arrepto, inque punctionem supernam aptato, inferne latus hostis dextrum figito. Ceterum aduersarius cum gemina punctione contra te utatur, pugionem eius manu pugionem tenenti adiungito manuque sinistra mucronem anteriorem adprehendito. Sed si te consimili modo corripuerit, uolueritque pugionem manibus tuis extorquere, eum hosti permittas, uerum dextra manu, adversarij dextra anterius correpta, sinistra uero eius brachij partem secundum cubitum dextrum, et si pedem sinistrum, eius dextro postposueris, atque abs te brachium eius auerteris superne, inferne attraxeris, brachium aduersarij confringes. |
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A face thrust against a lower taking away Item: Conduct yourself thus. Stand with your left foot forward and hold your dagger in your left hand upright against his face. If he should then stand also against you with his right foot forward and holds his dagger up, the thumb on the pommel, the point against the man, so follow with your right leg in after and thrust him at his face. If he thus thrusts above at you, so wind your blade on your arm, immediately go well up in front of your face and take away his stab on your right side. Immediately step in with your left leg and thrust him doubly at his face or the breast. If he takes away your [thrust], so spring with your right foot in [the] triangle and thrust him therewith at his right side. If he thus thrusts at you, so set his [thrust] aside, immediately tear after him and seek his next [nearest?] opening If he has set himself forward, so change through nimbly and thrust at his genitals. If you become aware of this thrust, so fall to him with your left hand on his right and remove his thrust therewith. Immediately stab nimbly at this face and step back into a good stance. |
[213r] |
[213r] Impulsus quo uisus adpetitur, addito inferne auersionis habitu. In habitum modo commemoratum ea ratione te componere necesserit, sinistro pedem preposito, in manu sinistra pugionem directe contra hostis uisum teneas. Et si uicissim is pedem dextrum preponens contra te constiterit, tenensque super dextrum pugionem, pollex nodo eius impositus, mucro contra hostem porrectus sit, si fueris pedem dextro consequutus, uisum eius pulsato. Verum si hostis idem contra te usurparit, pugionem supra brachium tuum deflecte, atque sursum si leuaris, uersum latus dextrum punctionem hostilem repelles: postea autem sinistro pede insequutus, gemina punctione eius uisum uel pectus configito. Excipiente id aduersario, in triangulum dextro prosilias, et latus hostis dextrum tundas. Eius uero impetum, si idem contra te usurparit, repellas. Sed ex eo habitu urgendo hostem insequutus, nuditates eius proximas explorabis. Sin autem id remouerit, celeriter pugione circumflexo pudenda eius *quassabis. Cum uero ab eo idem contra te parari senseris, tum sinistram manum hostis dextræ adiungas, et impulsum eius si remoueris, uisumque celeriter pupugoris, in tuta tui defensione ab eo recedere memineris. |
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A low taking away against a high face thrust Item: Conduct yourself thus in the taking away. Stand with your right foot forward and hold your dagger in front of your right knee. If he then stands also with his right foot against you, his dagger in the High against your face, the thumb on his pommel, so follow with your left leg in after and go from below up with the Shears and thrust at his face. If he thus thrusts at your face, so take notice even as [he thrusts] and grab with your left hand inwardly on his right arm and set away his thrust therewith, immediately stab doubly at his face. If he thus stabs doubly at you, so take that away with your dagger; immediately set your left hand under his right elbow and shove him from you on your right side. If he desires to shove you thus from himself, so step in with your left[8] leg and grab with your left hand on his left. Press therewith under yourself, thus you will free yourself from him. Immediately thrust him nimbly in his face and simultaneously in the thrust grab with your left hand under his right armpit and shove him with strength from you. |
[213v] |
[213v] |
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A free thrust against a low rising Item: conduct yourself thus with this device. Stand with [your] feet equally together, your right arm with the dagger well above your head. Immediately step in with your right leg and stab at his face. If he thrusts thus at you and you stand with your left foot forward in the Scales, the left hand by your left knee, the dagger well behind by your right leg, so step in toward [him] with your right foot. Immediately go up and take his thrust away with your left hand out of the half-Shears. Immediately thrust him in his face or the breast. If he thus takes away the thrust, so wind nimbly through again from his left on his right side into his face. If he thus thrusts doubly at you, so set your right leg back and set it off from inside out so that the dagger lies on your right arm. Immediately step in with your right leg again and with the left spring out on his right side so you have a complete thrust at him. Immediately change yourself doubly back from him. |
[214r] |
[214r] Habitus liberi impulsus contra eum impulsum qui sursum regitur. Quum rite habitu praenomiato uti uoles, paribus tibijs consistas brachium dextrum pugionem tenens egregie tollas ultra caput tuum, te* ea igitur forma intro procedas pedem dextro, et pugionem uisuj hostis impellas. Sed si is idem contra te usurparit sinistrum preponentem, inque libra consistentem, id ist corpore uersus terram proclinato, manum sinistra iuxta genum sinistrum tenentem pugionem *retro pedem dextrum, tum dextro consequitor, et sursum pugione sublato manu sinistra eius impulsum ex habitu medie* forpicis, id autem* fiet, anteque manus instar* crucis formentur, atque uisum aduersarij impulsu sauciato uel pectus. Sin uero is exceperit impulsum, pugionem ex latere hostis sinistro uersus dextrum convertes mutando contra eius visum. Cum autem gemino impulsu te adversarius adgreditur ratione eadem, dextrum pedem reducito, atque tum exterius tum interius eum repellas pugione brachio dextro imposito. Verum inde rursus dextro intro procedas, sinistro autem prosiliendo in latus aduersarij dextrum directo, firmum impulsum habebis, interim uero gradu gemino ab hoste recedas pugione athletice gubernando. |
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A setting aside out of the Shears against a left face thrust Item, conduct yourself thus in the Shears. Stand with your left foot forward, your dagger in front by your left knee, the thumb by the rondel, the left arm crosswise on your right. If he then stands thus against you with his left foot forward, the dagger in his left hand, in the High and desires to thrust at your face, so step in with your right leg and go up out of the Shears. Immediately set aside the thrust with your left arm and with the right arm thrust him over his left arm at his face. If he then takes away your thrust with his dagger on his left arm, so change through immediately nimbly from his left onto his right side. If he thus thrusts doubly at you, so take your dagger out of the left hand in your right and take that away in front on your dagger. Immediately step with your right foot behind his right and stab him doubly at his right side. If he thus stabs in doubly, so take that away from your right side and spring with your left foot behind him on his right side; immediately snatch his right arm and stab and shove him therewith from you. |
[214v] |
[214v] Auersionis effigies ex habitu forpicis contra impulsum sinistrum, quo uisus adpetitur. In habitum modo praedictum hac ratione te compones, sinistrum pedem preponere memineris, pugio iuxta genu sinistrum loictur,[9] pollex iuxta laminam rotundam, que sita est infra capulum, brachium sinistrum dextro instar crucis imponatur. Et si aduersarius contra te sinistro innitens pede constiterit, pugione in manu sinistra sublato, uisum tuum adpetere moliatur, dextro pede intro concedas, et ex habitu praedicto, scilicet forpicis forma sursum si pugionem direxeris, hostis impetum ea ratione repellas brachio sinistro, Verum dextro supra* eius brachium sinistrum directo eius uisum pulsabis. Sed si is impulsum tuum consimili modo pugione brachio suo laeuo imposito repulerit, confestim de latere aduersarij sinistro in dextrum, pugionem conuerte. Hoste aut te gemino impulsu adgrediente, tum dextra manu arrepto pugione, parte eius anteriori hostem auertito, Verum subito dextram pedem retro eius dextram locabis, et latus aduersarij dextrum gemino ictu punges. Sin uero is idem conetur, de dextro eum repellas latere tuo, atque si pedem sinistrum resiliende* collocaris, in latus hostis dextrum, arripuerisque eius brachium dextrum, pungendo eum repellere memineris. |
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A Face Thrust with a Throw Item: When you go to him from the onset, so stand with your left foot forward and hold your dagger well in the High over your head against his face. If you then stand thus against him with your left foot well forward in the Scales and he desires to thrust to your face, so go with your dagger up against his breast and do as if you want to complete the thrust. Immediately snatch with your left hand his left leg and tug with it over itself so you may throw him. Simultaneously lay your dagger outwardly on your right arm, therewith you can take his thrust away. If he has thus seized you and desires to throw you, so follow with your body powerfully in towards [him] as if you want to fall on him. Immediately grab with your left hand on his left elbow inwardly and shove him therewith from you, so he must release you. Immediately let your dagger fall and grab with your left hand behind around his body and with the right between both his legs and throw him in front of yourself, out and away. |
[215r] |
[215r] Impulsus quo visus sauciatur, addito modo per quem hostis prosterni potest. Quum ad hostem in congressu accesseris, pedem sinistrum prefiges, pugionem supra caput tuum contra visum hostis porrectum attolles: Sin autem contra hostem constiteris in habitu libre, id est corpore uersus terram proclinato, sinistro itidem pede innitens, hostisque uisum adpetierit impulsu, tum sursum tendas contra pectus aduersarij, et quasi impulsum perficere uolueris simulato, sed interea eius pedem sinistrum manu leua arripe, sursum si leuaris, aduersarium sternere poteris: postea pugionem brachio dextro adplicabis exterius, quo impulsus ipsius repellere possis. Sin autem hostis te eo ratione fuerit complexus, et prosternere molitus, corpore tuo egregie porrecto consequitor, tanque in eum concidere uolueris. Interim uero manu sinistra, hostis cubitum sinistrum adprehende interius, et si eum ex hoc habitu propuleris, efficies ut is te missum facere cogatur, postea pugione reiecto, manuque leua secundum ilia corpore eius adprehenso, dextra uero intra pedem utrumque iniecta, hostem prosternas. |
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The Shears against the setting aside with a winding Item: hold yourself thus with the Shears. Stand with your left foot forward and hold your dagger against the man. Immediately step in with your right leg and go well up with the Shears in the High to his face with a thrust. If he thus thrusts at you and you stand with your right foot forward, the dagger inside on your right arm, so go up with the same arm and take away his thrust with your dagger. Immediately grab with your left hand on his right elbow. Seize him thereby and thrust him over his right arm at his face If he becomes aware of the thrust and takes yours away with his left hand, so tug above and thrust to him below at his genitals. If he thus thrusts below at you, so set your right leg back and take away his thrust with the left hand; and with the right stab at his breast. Immediately nimbly step doubly back in [toward him] so that you have your thumb out on the rondel. Immediately snatch[10] his right arm and thrust at his throat, pull back [withdraw] therewith in a good stance. |
[215v] |
[215v] Forpicis habitus et effigies contra auersionem addita intorsionis forma Pedem sinistrum, si rite hac forma uti uoles, preponas pugionem contra hostem porrigas, et si subsequutus fueris dextro, sursum ex effigie forpicis pugionem gubernes, atque uisum hostis pungas. Sed si idem contra te moliatur, dextram prefigentem pugionem* interius brachio dextro impositum si tenueris, sursum tendas, eodemque brachio aduersarij impetum repellas postea manu sinistra cubitum ipsius dextrum adprehendas, atque eo correpto, contra uisum super eius brachio dextro pugione directo, pungas. Sin autem aduersarius id aniaduerterit, manuque sinistra te repellat, tum quasi superne eum pungendo adgredi uolueris, inferne tum eius pudenda pugiones mucronem adgreditor. Verum si is te eadem ratione adpetierit, dextrum pedem referes, manuque sinistra ipsius conatum repellas, dextra uero pectus eius fodito. Sed interim gemino gradu sursus ad hostem procedas, eoque modo pugionem teneas, ut pollex sit supra rotundam laminam situs, et correpto hostis brachio dextro, collum eius fodito, hoc igitur negocio confecto ab aduersario recedas. |
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An outward arm break from which a throw goes Item: when with the onset you come to the man, so stand with your left foot forward and stab at his right leg. If you then stand against him thus with your right foot forward and he stabs the same against you, so stab also simultaneously with him in at his left leg. If he then stabs also simultaneously with you in at your left leg, so grab with your left hand at his right, with your dagger behind his right elbow. Immediately so wind yourself with your left shoulder under his right elbow so you break his arm therewith. If he desires thus to break your arm, so step with your left leg behind his right and set your left hand behind his right elbow, so you throw him on his left side and become free of the arm break without any harm. |
[216r] |
[216r] Forma qua brachium aduersarij exterius infringi luet, unde habitus aduersarij sternendi procedit. Si gladiando athletice ad hostem prope accesseris, pedem sinistrum si preposueris, dextrum pedem eius punges. sin autem dextra innitens constiteris, atque is eundem fodere conetur... |
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A setting-off out of the Strong against a face thrust Item: conduct yourself thus in this setting off out of the Strong. Stand with your left foot forward and hold the dagger in both hands. If he then stands also against you with his right foot forward and goes against you with a face thrust, so go well over yourself against him with your dagger and catch the stab between both hands on your blade. Immediately grab with your left hand behind his pommel and press the point of his dagger into his face. If he thus shoves your point to the face, so grab with your left hand on his left arm and shove it from yourself so you will be free of the stab. Immediately stab him at his breast. If he sets that off, so change through immediately nimbly and stab him at his face. If he thus stabs you a double one, so step with your right leg well into him and take that away with your half dagger. Immediately wind through to him in front of his face and thrust in doubly therewith. |
[216v] |
[216v] Defensio ex fortitudine contra impulsum quo uisus foditur. Ad eum igitur habitum hac ratione te componas, pedem sinistrum prefigere memento, pugionemque manu utraque contineas. Sin autem aduersarius contra te pede dextro constiterit, nec non uisum adpetat, tum pugionis mucrone, sursum pugione sublato, intra manum utramque punctionem eius excipies. post haec manu leua corripies nodum pugionis hostiles, mucronemque in faciem hostis conuertes. Sin autem aduersarius eadem moliatur, manu sinistra brachium eius itidem sinistrum si adprehenderis, et propuleris hostem, a periculo hostilis punctionis liberaberis, interea autem celeriter pectus eius fodito. Excipiente id aduersario, celeriter mutato ictu uisum hostis punges. Quum uero is gemina punctione aduersus te usus fuerit, dextro pede contra hostem intro procedas, medietateque pugionis excipies eius conatum, inde *vero in conspectu eius, pugione rotato uisum punctione gemina sauciabis. |
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A throw with a turner Item: conduct yourself thus with this onset. Stand with your right foot forward and hold your dagger against him, the thumb by your rondel.[11] If he then stands also thus against you with a stab, his right foot set in front, so follow with your left leg behind and travel to him with your dagger, the right hand under around his leg. Heave therewith over him and with the left hand shove him above by his right arm from you, so you turn him and can also throw. If he is thus set on to you above and below and desires to throw you, so turn yourself immediately nimbly on your right side and grab him with your left hand above on his right; press therewith strongly under him so you will be free of him. Immediately set your left foot in front, seize him by his left arm and stab him to his throat. If he sets off the stab, so wind nimbly doubly through and stab him in his face. Immediately shove him from you therewith. |
[217r] |
[217r] Modus hostis sternendi addito habitu, quo hostis conuertitur Sic te ad hunc habitum adaplabis, dextrum pedem preponere memineris, contra hostem pugione contineas, pollex lamine rotunde adponatur. Si autem contra te is uicissim in habitu punctionis constiterit, preposito dextro, pede in sinistro consequitor, et pugione in dextra manu sito interne circum hostis pedem directo, si leuaris sursum, atque sinistra superne iuxta brachium eius dextrum propuleris, hostis conuertetur, simulque eum sternere poteris. Cum uero eadem contra te moliatur, in latus tuum dextrum te conuertas, manumque sinistram si eius dextre adiunxeris superne, fortiter supprimito deorsum, et te liberabis. Confestim uero sinistro procedas pede, et brachium sinistrum si adprehenderis, collum aduersarij fodito. Sin autem id remouerit, dupliciter pugione mutato uisum eius adgreditor pungendo, eoque habitu abs te hostem remoueto. |
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An inwinding from which an arm break goes Item: conduct yourself thus in this device/play/bit/encounter. Wind yourself with stabbing and thrusting toward him so that your left foot stands forward, your thumb under by your rondel. If he then stands also thus against you with his right foot forward his thumb above on the pommel and stabs above to your face, thus go toward his stab and set it aside between both your hands on your dagger so that the point stands in front against him. Immediately wind in with your point above over his right arm, thus you are able to break his arm. If has thus set you aside and wishes to break your arm thus, step toward him with your left leg and grip with your left hand on his right elbow, shove him therewith over himself so you will be free of him. Immediately stab him in his face or the breast. If he thus stabs in at you above thus take it away from him with your dagger on your right arm from inside and outside. Immediately tug as if you would like to thrust to his face and change your dagger out of your right hand into your left. Immediately step with your right foot toward him and thrust to his genitals. Step therewith twice back away from him. |
[217v] |
[217v] Intorsionis forma, unde brachiij confringendi modus formatur. Pugione rotando contra hostem procedito. Si rite hoc habitu uti uoles, ita tamen te accomodabis, ut pedem laevum preponas, pollex iuxta laminam rotundam consistat, et si aduersarius uicissim contra te dextrum preposuerit, pollicem nodo pugionis adplicarit, atque superne uisum pungere conetur hostis tuum, eius punction obviabis, atque intra manum utramque eius conatum pugione tuo excipies ita *tamen, ut mucro pugionis contra hostem sit porrectus, inde uero si superne super hostis brachiam dextram, pugionis intorseris mucronem, brachium eius confringere licebit.[12] sin autem aduersarius cupiverit tibi infringere brachium, intro procedas pede sinistro, arreptoque manu sinistra, hostis dextro cubito, si sursum leuaris, liber redderis, interea autem uisum eius uel pectus fodito. Verum si is idem perficere conetur, eius conatum pugione brachio dextro adplicato cum interius tum exterius repellas. Post haec, quasi superne uisu eius adpetere pungendo uelis te simulato, manu sinistra pugione rapito, atque insequutus dextro pede, aduersarij pudenda pungendo sauciabis, geminoque gradu ab eo recedas. |
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A genital thrust against a face thrust Item: Hold yourself thus with this bit: Set your right foot in front and hold your thumb above on your pommel. If he then stands also thus against you with his right foot forward thus stab him in his genitals. If he should thus stab at you, thus take it away with your dagger on your arm. Immediately stab him in the face. If he becomes aware of this stab and sets you aside thus tug your dagger nimbly above and thrust in his right side. If he should thus thrust at you, thus take that away with your dagger blade on your right side. Immediately step with your left leg outward in front of his right and stab at his throat [neck]. If he should set you aside thus grip with your left hand inward around his right arm so you take away his setting aside and have again a complete thrust to his face. If he should thus thrusts twice at you thus nimbly snatch with your left hand his right. Immediately change twice through at his breast and step therewith back in a good setting aside.[13] |
[218r] |
[218r] Impetus quo pudenda petuntur, contra visus impulsum Dextrum pedem, si ad hostem accesseris, prepones, et pollicem nodo adplicabis. Et si is uicissim contra te dextrum preponens constiterit, pudenda eius fodito. Sed si hostis simili ratione te fuerit adgressus, tum brachio dextro pugione imposito eam repellas. Verum subito inde uisum ipsius pungas. Animadvertente id hoste, atque excipiente, pugionem quasi superne in hostem figere uelis, repente latus dextrum eius haurias. Ceterum si contigerit, ut is eadem contra te moliatur, pugionis media eum conatum remoueas, uersus latus tuum dextrum, interea autem pedem sinistrum, aduersarij dextro exterius prepones atque collum eius punges. Sin is repulerit eum impetum, manu sinistra partem brachij interiorem arripias hostis dextri, et ea ratione eius defensionem irritabis, simulque habere poteris impetum firmum contra aduersarij uisum. Verum si gemino impulsu te vicissim adgreditur hostis eius manum dextram si laeua confestim corripueris, mutatoque dupliciter pugione uersus pectus eius, in tuta tuj defensione recedere memineris. |
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An entry with a throw Item: conduct yourself thus in this approach: stand with your left foot forward and hold your dagger, the thumb by your rondel.[14] If he then stands also thus against you with this right foot forward and thrusts at your face, thus grip [grab] with your left hand well in front on his right [hand?], thus his stab is set aside. Immediately travel with your right hand with the dagger round his right leg well into the hollow of his knee and tug [pull] therewith around well toward yourself. Pull with [the dagger] below well toward yourself and shove above from yourself thus you throw him back. |
[218v] |
[218v] Ingressus, addito habitu prosternendi hostis Hac forma si rite utj uoles, sinistrum pedem preponere non dubites, pollicemque juxta rotundam laminam pugionis colloces. Et si aduersarius uicissim contra te constiterit dextrum preponens, atque uisum tuum pungere molitur, tum derepente eius manum dextram anterius manu sinistra si corripueris, ab eius impetu te securum et tutum reddes. Verum inde manu dextra addito pugione, eius poplitem pedis dextri adprehende, inferne eo modo, si firmiter adtraxeris, superne autem propuleris, supinum hostem prosternes. |
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A breast thrust with a genital thrust Item: conduct yourself thus with this approach: Stand with your left foot forward your thumb on your pommel and thrust at his breast. If he should thus thrust at you, so take it away from him with the blade of your dagger and thrust at his genitals. If you become aware of the thrust at the genitals, so fall to him with your left hand on his right; turn his dagger [marginalia] therewith from you, thus you stab him in his genitals. If he should thus shove your dagger at you, thus set your right leg nimbly back so you will avoid his stabs. Immediately step with your right foot nimbly again towards him and go to him with your dagger to his face. If he thus thrusts at you to your face, thus set that aside between both hands on your dagger blade. Immediately catch his dagger on your dagger and step with your right leg in front of his right. Immediately wind to him your pommel over his right hand, so he must leave you the dagger. If he has thus taken your dagger, so travel to him with your right hand forward around his throat so you throw him over your right leg. |
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An entry from which an arm break goes Item: conduct yourself thus: set your left [marginalia] foot forward and go from below up to his face. If he then also stands against you with his right foot forward, so seize your dagger, the thumb by your rondel, and thrust to him from above at his face. If he thus thrusts above at you so bind equally with him. Immediately grip with your left hand above over his right arm and seize the dagger and the arm together. Immediately wind with your dagger on your right so you break his arm. If he has thus seized you and desires to break your arm, so step with your left leg toward him. Immediately grip with your left hand in front on his right, press therewith under yourself so you will be free of him. Immediately stab him at his face or the breast. If he thus thrusts at you, so set your left leg back and set him aside with your dagger blade from one side to the other. Immediately take two steps towards him and stab him below and above at his openings. |
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A genital thrust with a throw Item: when you both in the onset come together so, stand with your right foot forward and stab at his genitals. If he thus stabs at you below and you stand with your right foot forward, so seize your dagger in both hands and press away therewith his low thrust. If he has thus taken your thrust away so step with your left leg in front on his right foot. Immediately grip with your left hand behind around his neck and tug therewith strongly toward yourself so you will throw him in front underneath yourself. If you want to counter that, so release your right hand from your dagger and grip therewith well under his left elbow.[15] Immediately shove strongly away from yourself so you can throw him and so you will be free from his hurts. |
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An arm break with a face thrust Item: conduct yourself thus: stand with your right foot forward and stab equally[16] in with him. Immediately let your dagger fall and grip with your right hand well behind his right elbow and with the left well forward by his right hand. Immediately twist[17] therewith from yourself so you will break his arm. If you want to prevent him breaking the arm, so let your dagger also fall and grip with your left hand forward on his right. Press therewith below him thus you will be free of the arm break. Immediately step with your left leg in front of his right and seize him with your left hand by his neck so you will throw him over the same leg. |
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An attack [onfall, onslaught] with a throw Item: if you both come together in the onset so, stand with your left foot forward and hold the thumb by your rondel. Immediately step with your right leg into him and stab him from below at his face. If you then stand with your left foot against him and he thus stabs at you, so go to him with a thrust from above in against [him] in front over his right hand. Immediately grip with your right[18] hand on his dagger and turn therewith the point over itself. If he has thus seized your dagger, so step with your left leg inwindingly[19] behind his left and seize with your left hand by his left shoulder. Immediately tug above strongly and strike your foot to him below so you may throw him. If he wishes thus to throw you, so release your right hand from your dagger and set to him well under his left arm pit. Shove him therewith over himself from you. Immediately stab him with your left hand at his face so you will be free of his. |
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A breast thrust against a setting aside Item: conduct yourself thus with this device in the onset. Wind yourself with stabs and with thrusts into him so that your right leg comes forward. Immediately wind your thrust behind your head to his breast. If he should stab thus at you, so step in with your right leg and set it aside between both your hands on your dagger. So if he has thus set your stab aside, so grip with your left hand toward the inside on his left arm, push strongly therewith under him on your right side. Immediately set your right leg back and tug your dagger nimbly toward yourself. Immediately stab him in his face. If he stabs thus at you so lay your dagger blade on your arm and take that away therewith. Immediately nimbly take two steps forward and seek the closest opening. If he sets off this of yours so tug above and thrust below at him at his genitals. Immediately set your left leg behind his right and rotate[20] yourself therewith back away from him. |
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A turner [change over] Item: conduct yourself thus in this onset. Stand with your left foot forward and stab him at his left side. If he stabs thus at you and you stand with your right foot forward, so set him aside with your dagger blade on your arm. Immediately grab with your left hand his right arm, push therewith below under him and stab him above at his face. If he stabs thus at you, so grip with your left hand on his right and let your dagger fall. Immediately grip with your right hand in the left hand’s place and with the left on his right shoulder and turn him therewith on his right side. If he thus turns you, so take your dagger in the left hand, immediately step with your right foot well forward in front of yourself and turn yourself immediately nimbly and stab him in his left side. If he thus thrusts at you so grip with your right hand well in front on his left arm and with the left on his dagger so wind it out of his hands. If he has taken your dagger, so step with your right foot behind his left, immediately set with your right hand forward on this throat and with the left between his genitals and throw him back therewith. |
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A dagger taking Item: conduct yourself thus in the dagger taking. Stand with your left foot forward and stab at his face. If he then thus stabs to your face, so go toward him with a stab from below; so his stab is set aside. Immediately grip with your left hand in front on his dagger. If he has attacked you thus on your dagger so grip also with your left hand well forward on his dagger and push therewith strongly below yourself on your left side. If he pushes you then with strength underneath himself[21] so let go of your dagger and nimbly snatch his away; thus he must let you have it. Immediately spring on his right side and stab him in his right arm. If he thus stabs at you, so step back with your right leg and set that aside in front on your dagger. Immediately allow your dagger to nimbly attack from above with winding and stab his right side. And step therewith back into a good stance. |
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A crossed dagger-taking Item: When you both come together with the onset your right leg set before you and equally[22] stab in with each other, so grip with your left hand nimbly over your right arm at his point. If he has thus seized your dagger so grip also with your left hand on his dagger. So you are with each other in equal struggle [work]. Immediately wind his dagger over your right arm on your left side and push your dagger with strength also over his right arm so he must release both daggers to you. If he has then all two [both] of the daggers so grip nimbly both his arms and heave [lift] them strongly and press therewith under him. If he then presses thus under himself so wind with both your arms [in] over his arm. If he has thus wound over you, so grip with your left hand in front on his left and with the right on his dagger by his grip, so he must then release the dagger to you. Immediately tear him [it] away and stab him doubly at his face. Tug [zucken] [Latin – to withdraw] therewith back with a good stance. |
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A hand pushing from which a throw goes Item: conduct yourself thus in this device. With the onset wind yourself with stabs and with thrusts [so take two steps towards][23] doubly to him so that your left leg comes forward. Immediately step with the same feet together and stab him above at this face. If he stabs thus at your face and you stand with your right foot forward against him, the thumb on your pommel, so step with your left leg inward [towards him] and set this of his aside with your dagger on your arm. Immediately wind through from his left to his right side and stab him at his face. If he thus stabs in [at you]so take that of his away with your dagger and grip with your left hand at his right and stab him therewith at his breast. If he stabs thus at [you] so grip with your left hand inwardly on his right arm; so is his thrust taken away. If you have thus both grabbed each other let your dagger fall and press both his hands together. Immediately turn yourself with your left shoulder under both his arms so you may throw him or break the arm. |
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An arm break with a throw from the heels Item: conduct yourself thus: with the onset when you come before the man stand with your right foot in front and stab him from above at his face or the breast. If you stand then also thus against him with the same feet together [equally] so step with your right foot outwardly in front of his right and go against [towards] his thrust. Immediately stab him in his right side. If he stabs you thus at your right, so attack from above his right arm with your dagger and press his arm under your right armpit. Immediately let your dagger fall and grab with your left hand on his right shoulder and with the right under his right elbow. Immediately strike him in the heels [haacken] on the right leg. So you can break his arm or throw him. If you want to break that, so attack with your left hand his chin in front shove therewith strongly behind him so he must let you go or you throw him. |
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A face stab against the shears Item: conduct yourself thus in this device. Stand with your left foot forward and hold your dagger, the thumb by your rondel, the point against the man. Immediately go out and step with your right leg towards him and stab at him from above with strength at his face. If he then thus stabs at you and you, with your left leg forward, stand against him so step with your right outwardly behind his right. Immediately go from below well up with the shears and take his stab away. If he has thus taken away your stab, grip with your left hand in front on his right and wind his hand so that the point is turned [twisted] over him. So if you both have thus set on one another, so let your dagger fall and grip with your right hand at his right leg and with your left under his left armpit with crossed arms so you may throw him from the shears. |
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An entry with an arm break from the outside Item: conduct yourself thus in this onset. Stand with your right foot forward. If he then also stands against you with his right foot forward so stab him from above at his face. If he thus stabs at your face so stab in also equally with him. Simultaneously set aside his stab with your right arm. If he thus sets aside your stab so attack him from above with your right hand with the dagger forward over his right arm and with the left hand set in behind his right elbow. Wind over him so that his right arm is under him, so you will break it. If he thus desires to break your arm, so set your right leg inwardly in front of his right. Immediately grip with your left hand well behind his right elbow, shove him therewith over himself so you will be free of [his] grip. Immediately step doubly at him and stab at his face. |
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A Taking away against a Genital thrust Item: comport yourself thus with this onset. When you come before the man, stand with your right foot forward. If he stands then thus against you with his right foot forward, so stab him at his face. If he stabs thus above at you so take that of his away with your left hand behind his right elbow, immediately stab him at his genitals. If he stabs at you thus below, so quickly snatch with your left hand his right and take that away therewith. Immediately set your right leg inwardly before his right and tug your dagger immediately quickly and stab him doubly at his face. If he stabs thus above at you, so take that of his away from the shears with your left arm. Immediately set your dagger to him at his neck. Strike him below at his heels and throw him backwards therewith. |
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Double face thrust Item: when you-all come together with the onset and both step in with right legs so stab him in his face. If you want to defend against this stab, so go also against him with a stab to his face. Immediately grip with your left hand behind his right elbow turn his stab therewith. If he has thus seized you and set your stab aside so seize your dagger in your left hand and stab at his breast and step back therewith. Immediately seize your dagger again in your right hand. If he has thus stepped back so tear doubly at him and seek his openings below and above. Immediately stab him therewith at his right side. If he then tears at you and stabs thus at you, so take away his stab. Immediately spring with your right foot well on his right side and stab him therewith at his neck. And pull yourself back from him into the change. |
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A turner with a throw Item: conduct yourself thus in this device. Wind yourself with stabs and with thrusts at him [so] that your right leg in this onset comes forward. Immediately stab at his face. If you then also stand thus against him, with your right foot forward, and he thrusts at your face so stab against him outwardly over his right arm, thus his stab is taken away. Immediately wind therewith over his right arm [so] that your dagger stands over his at his back. Immediately grip in with your left hand between his legs so you can turn him and you can also throw him therewith. |
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A throw from the Hook with a high setting aside Item: when you come with the onset in front of the man so stand with your left foot forward. If he stands then also against you with his right foot forward, so stab him at his breast such that the thumb stands by your rondel. If he stabs at you thus so set that aside with your left hand. Immediately, travel with your dagger around his neck and strike him below at the heels, so you may throw him. If you want to break that, so grip with your left hand in front on his left, free your dagger therewith [so] that you[24] come in over both his hands and set to him behind his right elbow. Shove him therewith on his right side so you break all his work. Immediately spring with your left foot well on his right side and stab him therewith behind at his neck. Immediately pull yourself back into the Change away from him. |
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A throw from the Hook out of which an arm break goes Item: conduct yourself thus with this device. In the onset set your left foot in front and hold your dagger with the thumb at your pommel. Immediately stab him at his right side. If he thus stabs at you, so fall with your left hand on his right so you take away his stab. Immediately stab him at his right side. Press his arm therewith under itself and strike the Hook around his right leg with your right foot. Simultaneously go with your right hand under his right arm pit well over itself and press his arm well under itself so you may throw him or break the arm. If he has you thus locked, so grip with your left hand behind his right elbow and tug down also strongly to yourself so you may throw him or break his arm. |
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A dagger taking with an arm break Item: hold yourself thus with [scribal typo] this device. Stand with your left foot forward and hold your dagger, the thumb at your pommel. Immediately stab him at his face or the breast. If you then also thus stand against him with your left foot forward and he thus stabs at you from above, so stab also outwardly at him over his right arm at his face. And in the binding-on seize the two daggers together. If he has thus seized the two daggers together, so grip with your left hand behind his right elbow. Shove therewith strongly over itself so he must release to you your dagger again or you will break his arm. Immediately thrust nimbly at his face. If he thus thrusts at your face, so take that away from him on your right side with your dagger on your right arm. Immediately spring with your right foot on his right side and stab him behind at his neck or his right side. Change yourself thus twice back from him. |
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The Shears with two seizures Item: conduct yourself thus with the onset. Stand with your left foot forward and hold your dagger, the thumb by your rondel. Immediately stab him at his left side. If he thus stabs in at you and you stand with your right foot forward, the dagger in your left hand, the thumb at your pommel, with crossed arms, so fall to him with your right hand on his right [hand]. Immediately stab him under his right arm at his breast. If he thus stabs at you at your breast, so grip with your left hand in front on his dagger and wind it over his right arm so he must release his dagger to you. If he has thus wound your dagger out from you, so grip you also with your right hand in front on his dagger. Wind therewith over itself so you wind his dagger also out of the hand. Immediately step back with your right leg. If he then tears after you, so step again with your right leg and set aside his stab with your dagger on your right arm. Immediately stab him at his face and turn yourself therewith back from him. |
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A face thrust with an arm break Item: hold yourself thus with this device in the onset. When you come before the man set your right foot forward and stab him at his left side [so] that you have your thumb by your rondel. If he should thus stab at you, and you stand with your right foot against him, so fall nimbly with your left hand on his dagger and wind it out of his hand, simultaneously stab him with your dagger in your right hand at his face. If he has thus taken your dagger and stabs at your face, so set your right foot between both his legs and grip with your left hand in front on his right and with the right hand under his right arm pit through there to his right arm. Immediately turn your shoulder well under his arm so you will break off the arm on [over] your shoulder. If he has thus seized you and desires to break your arm, so stab him with the dagger in your left hand - which you have taken from him - strongly to his face so he must release you. Immediately let your dagger[25] fall and set your left foot behind his right and grip him with your left hand around his neck so you will throw him over that same leg. And [so] all his work is countered. |
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A throw against a face thrust Item: wind yourself in with stabs and thrusts in the onset against the man. And when you come before the man so set your right foot forwards and hold your dagger, the thumb by your rondel, and set yourself well down in the Scales. Reach therewith out of the Shears up before him. If he stands then with his right foot against you, his dagger well upright in the high [guard], the thumb on his pommel and desires to thrust in your face, so go to him with your right hand with your dagger around his right leg and with the left grip him at his right arm so his stab is taken away. If he has thus taken away your stab, so set to him with your left hand on his chin. If he has thus set upon you and wishes to make himself free, so follow after him with your left leg and shove him below and above well over himself so you throw him back. |
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A turner with a throw Item: conduct yourself thus in this device. Stand with your right foot forward and hold your dagger, the thumb by the rondel, and stab him at his right side. If he then thus stands against you with his left foot forward, the dagger on [above] his left knee, the point against the man, so go out with your dagger and take that away from him on your right side. If he takes that away from you, so step with your left leg between both his legs. Immediately let your dagger fall and grab with your left hand his right arm and with the right at his left turn him therewith away from you. Immediately grab with your right hand nimbly below at his right arm, the left around his neck, thus you break his arm or you throw him over your left leg. |
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A throw Item: conduct yourself thus in this device to [about] the throw. Stand with your left foot forward and set yourself low in the Scales. Immediately let your dagger fall and grab him with both hands around his left leg in the hollow of the knee. Immediately follow in with your right foot and heave him well over himself. If he has thus seized you and desires to throw you, so let your dagger nimbly fall and grab him with both arms on his chest in under the armpits. Immediately press his head under himself with your chest and set yourself well low in the Scales so you will throw him over his head out and away. |
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An entry with an arm break Item: conduct yourself thus in the onset. Stand with your left foot forward. If he then stands against you with his right foot forward, the dagger in the High against your face, the thumb on his pommel, and thrusts at you at your breast; so stab him simultaneously from outside against his right arm. Immediately wind your dagger over his arm and grab with your left hand in front on your point. Wind therewith the point over itself so you break his arm. If he wants thus to break your arm, so bend yourself well under yourself and grab with your left hand on his left leg. Heave therewith well over itself so he must release you, and throw him. |
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A throw against a face thrust Item: hold yourself thus with this device. In the onset set your left foot forward and hold your dagger in your left hand. If he then stands thus against you with his right foot forward, so stab him from inside at his breast. Immediately travel to him with your left hand with the dagger well behind over his right arm so that the dagger stands in front by his right arm pit. Immediately grab him with your right hand from outside around his right leg; heave herewith well over itself and push above under itself so you will throw him and he can come to no more work. |
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A throw out of the Shears Item: [first person starting in shears][26] Conduct yourself thus in the onset. Stand with your right foot forward and step well in to him in the bind. If he then also thus stands against you, with his right foot forward, and [he] binds simultaneously with you on the dagger, so step with your left leg in behind him and grab with your left hand at his right elbow. Turn him therewith away from you and with the right hand over his shoulder on his breast. If he has thus seized you for a throw, so stab between both your legs though at his genitals. If he thus stabs you at your genitals, so nimbly snatch his right hand with your left and throw him therewith in front of himself on his face. |
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How one should hold a thrown [man] Item: when you come together with the onset and simultaneously with one another have bound on and have come to a throw so conduct yourself thus. When you both have fallen so that his head comes between both your legs, immediately grab with your left hand between his genitals and with your right [hand] under his right armpit over his right arm so that his dagger lies over your arm, and kneel on his breast well by his neck so that you also trap his left hand with your leg. And if he strikes his right foot around the neck, so press him with your left hand at his genitals well under himself, so you hold him captive and he can do you no harm. |
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A seizure from which a throw goes at the dagger Item: Hold yourself thus in the approach. Stand with your right foot forward and hold the dagger in your right […] the point against the man. And step therewith with your left foot in with an over-stab so you have thrust at him in the face or the breast. If he wishes thus to stab at you and you stand in the Scales [with your] right foot forward with crossed arms and hold the dagger outward [on] your arm. So step out of the Shears with you left foot into him and in the […] handily in under his left foot set [the] leg inward [to] bend the knee joint in at […] the point stands outwardly over itself and step in so that your left foot well on his right knee joint and you stand with your body well between his two feet. Immediately […] so heave him there with his foot over itself. And with your left hand grab him nimbly therewith at his throat and shove therewith well above from yourself and under by the foot heave well over itself [so] you throw him back. If he he thus seized you above and below, so grab with your left [hand] and inwardly on his arm and thrust therewith strongly under itself, and with the high stab [thrust] strongly at the face or the breast so you make yourself free from the throw. |
[233r] Ein fassen dasaus ein wuorff geet im Tolchen Item halt dich also im zufechten, stee mit deinem rechten fuoß vor, und halt den tolchen in deiner [rechten] den ort gegen dem Mann, und trit damit mit deinem lingken fuoß hinein mit ainam oberstich, so hast du im dem gesicht oder der bruost zuostechen, Begert er dir also zuozustechen, und du in der wagenem rechten fuoß vor Im steest, mit geschrenckten armen, und den tolchen außwendig die ??? deinem arm hast, so trit auos der Scher mit deinem lingken fuoß zuo Im hinein, und in dem?? Handigelich hinein under seinem lingken fuorgesetzten schenckel Inwendig buog der kniebüge hinan ??? der ort außwendig uobersich stand, und ein trit das dein lingken fuoß wol an sein rechte knie[büge] komb, und du wol mit deinem leib zwischen seinen beiden fuossen standest, Im dem […]so hab Im damit seinen fuoß übersich, und mit deiner linken hand greiff damit behend In […] nach seinem hals, und scheub damit oben wol von dir, und under beim fuoß heb wol uobersi[ch] würfst du in zuoruogk, hat er dich also oben und unden gefasst, so greiff mit deinerlingke[…] Im Inwendig in seinen arm, und stoß damit starck undersich, und mit dem obersich, st[…] starck nach dem gesicht oder der bruost, so machst du du dich aus dem wuorff ledig. |
[233r] |
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Another throw at the dagger Item [stind?]: If you both come together in the onset so that your left foot stands forward and you stand in the lower Scales and you have your dagger in the right hand, so lay the dagger’s blade outside on your arm and hold thus your hand with the dagger next to your right leg in the guard [posture, stance]. If he thus steps in front of you in the Scales and he stands with his [??lower??] [ge..nen] [ge..ch?] [tibia in Latin] leg upright in the high thrust the point turned against the man, so step with your left leg inwardly in front of his left and stab him therewith above at this face. If he thus thrusts also at your face, so grab with your left hand on his right arm and immediately stab him inwardly under his left leg in through and heave therewith his leg well over itself and shove above with the left his right well over itself, so you bring him into disorder [schwerhe] [weakness, hardship, trouble, difficulty, vulnerability, out of balance] and to the throw. If he has thus seized you below and above and brought you into disorder, so fall nimbly with your left upper hand on his left shoulder in around his neck and tug therewith strongly to yourself so he must fall to the ground with you. If he has thus seized you by the neck and wants to pull you with him in falling, so release your left hand from his right and strike with your left inwardly in the middle of his arm on your left side so he must let go the arm which he has he has thrown around your neck and you escape the fall. |
[233v] Ein ander wurff im tolchenn. Item stind?? Ir baid in zuofechten zuosamen komen, das dein lingker fuoß vorsteet, und duo in in der undere wag steest, und deinen Tolch in der rechten hand hast, So leg den Tolche die klingen auosswendig auf deinen arm, und halt also dein hand mit dem Tolche neben deinem rechten schenckel in der huot, trit er also vor dir in [?der?] wag und ??? auffrecht mit seinen gechenen schencklen start in dem oberstich, den ort gegen dem Mann gewandt so trit mit deinem lingken schenckel Innwendig fuor seinen lingken hinein, und stich Im damit oben nach seinem gesicht, Sticht er dir also nach deinen gesicht, so greiff mit deiner lingken hand nach seinen rechten arm, und in dem stich Im Inwendig under seinem lingken schenckel hinduorch, und heb damit Im seinen schenckel wol uobersich, und scheuob obn mit der lingken, sien rechte wol uobersich, so bringst duo Im die schreeche?, und zum wuerff. hat er dick also unden und oben gefasst, und dich in der schneeche bracht, So fall behend mit deiner lingken obischen hand, auoff seiner lingken achsel hinuomb umg seinen hals, und zeuch damit stark zu dir. so muost er mit dir zu boden fallen, hat er dich also beim hals gefasst, und will dich mit Im inn fallen mit ziehen, so laß dein lingke hand von seiner rechten, und schlag mit deiner lingken Im Inwendig mitten in sein arm auff dein lingke seitten, so muoß er den arm so er dir umb den hals geschlagen hat, geen lossen??, und du entgeest Im aus dem fallen. |
[233v] |
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The lock with the dagger behind the throat at the neck Item: if you both stand with your left legs forward, upright before one another and you hold the dagger in your right hand, the thumb behind over the pommel, the man in the High [stance or guard] to a high stab, the point turned [against][27] the [man], so stab him from above at his face, and step therewith with your right leg into him so the [???] stab goes in powerfully. If he stabs thus at you and you stand with your left leg forward upright with the body and hold your dagger by the grip in the right hand so grab with the left hand well forward on your blade. Wind that in and go with upright arms in against his stab and take it away on your blade between both your hands and step therewith with your right leg into him and in that same [action] so fall with your dagger and both hands over his head and hold the dagger by the point and grip strongly in both your hands and tug him therewith, bend his neck under itself to him so you may throw him. If he has seized you above and pulled you thus under yourself in front of yourself so twist your right arm and stab from above behind [immediately or in forward] on his left arm and grab therewith with your left inward well in front on the arm by his hand and shove therewith strongly on the side from you and in that so wind yourself with your body from your left side on your right well under through so you wind yourself thus [away] from him. |
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A Throw at the Dagger Item: If you stand with your right foot forward, and have placed yourself with the body under itself in the Scales, and lay your left arm over your right arm crosswise in front of your breast; hold the dagger in the Shears, in the right hand by the grip, the point turned over itself. If he then lies thus with stretched-out arms in the low Scales, and you thus stand forward with your right foot and you hold your dagger in the right hand by the grip, the thumb on the pommel thus in the High up over your head, so step with your right leg in to him, and stab him from above at his face or the breast. If he stabs thus at you, and you with crossed arms stand thus in the low Scales, so go against with the left hand on his right arm, and seize him well by the elbow and step therewith with your left leg outwardly in front of his right, and stab him therewith with your dagger well outward, in through under the back of his knee and heave therewith with the arm well over itself, and with the left, shove above his right well from you, so he must fall backward; then he is trapped above and below, and brought into difficulties. |
[234v] Ein wurff im Tolchenn Item steest du mit deinem rechten füß vor, und hast dich mit dem leib undersich in die wag stelt, und legt dein lingken arm uber deinen rechten arm, Creutzweis vor deiner brust. haltst Im [Inn] der Scher, den Tolchen in der rechten hand beim hefft, den ort ubersich gewandt, ligt er dann also mit getreckten armen in der undern wag, und du also mit deinem rechten fuß vorsteest, und haltst dein tolchen in der rechten hand beim hefft, den daumen ob dem knopff also in der hoh uber dein kopf auff, so trit mit deinem rechten schenckel zu Im hinein, und sich [stich] In von oben ab nach seinem gesicht oder der prust zu, sticht er dir also zu, und du mit geschrenckten armen also in der undern wag steest, so gee mitt deiner lingken hand auf seinen rechten arm entgegen, und faß In wol beim elebogen, und trit damit mit deinen lingken schenckel auswendig fur seinen rechten, und stich Im damitt mitt deinem tolchen wol auswendig under seiner kniebuge hindurch, und heb damit mitt dem arm wol übersich, und mit der lingken, schub oben sein rechten wol von dir, so muß er zurugkfallen, dann er ist oben und unden gesperrt, und in die schweer [schwere] bracht. |
[234v] |
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A forcing-in from both to set aside Item: If one meets you thus in the onset, and you stand with your left foot forward, and he stabs you thus at the body, so step with your left foot against him and grab in nimbly with your left hand at his right arm, and push therewith strongly under itself, so you take away his stab. If he then thus takes away your stab, so spring with your right behind his left foot and stab him [in that] nimbly at his face; so that you all can also work at one another. |
[235r] Ein einfallen von beiden theilen abzuesetzen Item begegnet die einer also Inn dem zufechten, und du steest mit deinem lingken fuoß vor und sticht er dir also nach dem leib so trit Im mit deinem linggen fuoß entgegen, und greiff in behend mit deiner lingken hannde nach seinen rechten arm, und truck damit starckg under sich, so nimbst du im den stich ab, nembt er dir dann den stich also ab, so spring mit deinem rechten hinder seinen linggen füoß, und stich im In das behennd nach seinen gesicht, damit konnd Ir auch von ein ander arbeiten |
[235r] Habitus incursus manuum utrarumque, ab utroque, aversionis effigies! Si ni vicem congrediamini hoc modo, si tu praefixo tuo laevo pede contra hostem consistas, adversarius vero petit pungendo corpus tuum, tum progreditor [?] la[e]vo[28] tuo pede contra eum, et apprehende celeriter sinistra manu tua dextrum suum brachium, et simul [firmiter?] inferius deprimas, tum de flectis ipsi punctionem. |
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An action with an arm break Item: if you all encounter each other thus in the onset, so step with your left behind his right foot and let your dagger fall and grab nimbly with your left hand on his right shoulder, and with your right hand by [at] the dagger push strongly upward from yourself and tug down to yourself so you may break his arm or throw. If he has thus seized you, so spring immediately nimbly with your left behind his right foot and grab with your left hand nimbly at his neck. So you will be free of the arm break and you work yourself away from him. |
[235v] Ain ansetzen Mit ainem Armbruch Item begegnet Ir ainander also Im zufechten. so trit mit deinem Lingken hinder seinen rechten fuoß. und laß dein dolchen fallen und greiff behendt mit deiner linggen hannd auf seine rechte achsel. und mit deiner rechten hanndt beÿ dem dolchen truckh starck oben von dir und zeuch unden zur dir so magst du im den arm abbrechen. oder werffen. hat er dich also ergriffen, so spring indes behend mit deinen lingken hinder seinen rechten fuoß und greiff mit deiner lingken hand behend nach seinen hals so wirstu des armbruchs ledig und arbeitest dich von Im. |
[235v] Habitus contingendi cum modo confringendj brachij. In huius modi congressu athletice vos sic parando consistito, progreditor tuo laevo pede, post adversarij dextrum, et [sinas?] pugionem e manibus tuis [delabj? delatj?] et apprehende celeriter sinistra manu tua dextram hostis hummerum, et dextra tua hostis dexteram iuxta pugionem reprime firmiter superius declinando [absto? abste? probably abs te], et inferius urge et trahe ad te, tum poteris ipsi brachium confringere, aut adversarium prosternere. Si pari modo te contigerit, tum [prosise??] interim celeriter laevo tuo pede post ipsius dextrum, et apprehendito sinistra tua manu confestim collum hostis, tum liberabis te a fractione brachij, et deflectendo recedes ab eo. |
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A setting aside with crossed arms Item: If you all meet each other thus in the onset, so step with your left foot forward, hold your left hand on top of your left leg with crossed[wise] [or aslant] [bent] arms, your dagger well over your head in the High. Tear therewith well under itself. If he encounters you thus, so step with your right foot forward and grab nimbly with your left at his right arm and step in with your foot and stab with your dagger in the High at his face. Let the dagger sink nimbly in the hand on your right arm so you take away his stab. |
[236r] Ain absetzen mit Geschrenckten Armen Item begegnet Ir ain ander also Im zufechten, so tridt mit deinem linggen fuoß vor halt dein linggen hannd uff dem linggen schenckel mit geschrenchten armen dein dolchen wol uber dein haubt In der hoch. und Reiß damit wol under sich, begegnet er dir also so trit mit deinem rechten fuos vor und greiff behendt mit deinem linggen nach seinen rechten arm, und trit mit deinen fuoß hinnach. und stich mit deinen dolchen in der hoch nach seinen gesicht, so laß den dolchen behendt In der hannd an dein rechten arm sincken, so nembst du im den stich ab |
[236r] Habitus aversionis, cum brachijs cancellatis. Si in vicem hoc modo vos congrediemini. Tum laevo tuo pede progreditor, sinistra manu imposita superiori parti pedis eum brachijs cancellatis, pugionem tuum egregie superius in altum elevato supra hostis caput, Et reprime cum hoc modo inferius. Si vero eo modo contra te utetur, tum progredere dextro tuo pede, et apprehendit[o] celeriter sinistra tua hostis dextrum brachium, et consistas, cum tuo laevo pede, et pungito pugione tuo superius adversus visum ipsius, tum sinas pugionem celeriter in manu dextro hostis brachio declinare inferius, hac ratione excipies adversarij punctionem. |
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A fast attack with both left arms Item: If you encounter one another thus in the onset, spring with your right foot inwardly in front of his left and hold your dagger on the right side and with your left hand on his left shoulder so tug strongly therewith to you and stab him nimbly at his body. [If he belabors you thusly][If he works thus toward you] If he thus sets you up, so step immediately swiftly with your right in front of his left foot. And travel with your left arm well above itself at stab at him. [?] you to him [?] can. so you can become free of him. |
[236v] |
[236v] Incursus celerrimus cum utroque sinistro brachio. Si ni vicem obveneritis alter alteri, tum profile dextro tuo pede, interius ante laevum suum pedem, et pugionem tuum teneto dextro latere, et sinistra manu apprehendito sinistrum hummerum hostis, et trahe[,?] interim fortiter eum ad te, et pungito celeriter corpus ipsius. Si hostis hoc modo contra te laborabit, tum progreditor celeriter dextro tuo pede [ante?] ipsius laevum et elevato egregie superius sinistrum tuum brachium, et pungito eum, [quaeumque?] parte corporis, hostis nuditatem exploraveris. |
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A Throw Item: If you encounter each other thus in the onset, so stand with your left foot forward and give yourself under itself well in the Scales and stab thus against him and travel with your left arm in front over his breast and pull him strongly to you and shove him [in] with right knee below [down] well in front of itself so that you torque [swing] him under yourself. If he has you thus, so grab with your left [hand] inwardly at his right hand next to the dagger and press from above with your right his left arm well under itself so you save [defend] yourself from his stab. |
[237r] |
[237r] Prosternendi modus. Praesistas laevo tuo pede, et inferius te [dimitas?] in libra, et pungito ita contra hostem, et pergito sinistro tuo brachio ante pectus suum sursum, et retrahe eum [or cum?] fortiter ad te, et impelle eum dextro genu[ ]tuo probe sursum superius [flecte?] [cum? eum?] [subter] te. Si ille te hoc modo tenuerit, tum apprehendito sinistro tuo interiorj brachio suum dextram iuxta pugionem, et [premceu~??? preme eum?] superne tuo dextro, suum sinistrum brachium probe inferius, tum recte cavebis ipsius ictum seu punctionem. |
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A twisting in Item: if you all encounter each other in the onset, so stand with your left foot forward, let the dagger fall, and grab quickly with your right at his left hand and set your left hand on his right foot. If he has then thus grabbed you by your arm, so twist [cross] your dagger in front on his right hand and spring with your right foot behind his left and twist the dagger thus strongly under itself so you can break the arm. If he has thus caught you with the dagger, so step with your right in front of his right foot and travel with your left at the dagger pommel and twist yourself over it so you free yourself from the arm break. |
[237v] |
[237v] Intorsionis forma. Si ni vicem uterque congrediemini, tum praesisto tuo laevo pede pugionemque sinas e [manibus] tuis [prolabj], et apprehende celeriter tua dextra hostis sinistram manum, et ponas sinistram manum in superioris tui dextri pedis partem[.] Si ille contra tuum brachium hoc modo apprehenderit, tum cancellato tuum pugionem supra dextram eius, et [prosilito] dextro tuo pede, post ipsius laevum, et interim torque fortiter pugione [inferne], tum poteris ej confrengere brachium. Si apprehenderit hostis ita pugionem tuum tum consistas dextro tuo ante suum dextrum pedem, et pergito sinistra tua apprehendendo nodum hostilis pugionis, et in torque superne, tum tutus eris nec confringatur tibi brachium. |
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Two fierce stabs Item: If you encounter each other thus in the device, so step with your right behind his right foot and stab with your right hand from below upwards at his throat and seize him with your left hand behind around his neck at the left shoulder. If he has then thus set out [attacked], so step with your right outwardly behind his right foot and grab quickly with your left at his right hand at the dagger and push therewith under itself [down] and grab with your right arm under through his right [arm] and stab the dagger in his throat. If he thus stabs at you, so spring with your left behind his right foot and pull him by the left shoulder strongly to you so he has to give up from his stab and you move him under yourself. |
[238r] |
[238r] Duae furibunda punctiones. Invicem vos hoc modo congrediendi, si consisteritis, tum progreditor tuo dextro post hostis dextrum pedem et pungito dextra tua manu ab inferne sursum versus collum ipsius, et apprehendito sinistra retrorsum ipsius, collum iuxta sinistrum humerum. Si vero adversarius hoc modo punctionem adversus te impulerit, tum progreditor dextro tuo pede, exterius post suum dextrum[,] et apprehendito celeriter sinistra tua [eio?] dexteram iuxta pugionem, et [preme?] interim inferius, et pergito tuo dextero brachio infra [pre?] ipsius dextram et infligito pungendo pugionem in collum ipsius. Si pupugerit ille te [iucissim], tum [prosile] tuo laevo post ipsius dextrum pedem, et trahe eum sinistro humero fortiter ad te, tum cogitur ab ictu punctionis desistere, et prosternes eum subter te. |
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An attack with a throw Item: If you encounter one another thus in the fighting so spring with your left inwardly between his two feet, let the dagger fall and grab nimbly with your right hand at his right elbow, and travel with your left hand forward around his neck and grasp him on his left shoulder and pull above strongly toward yourself so you throw him in front of the leg. If he has thus seized you, so spring quickly with your right foot into a triangle and with the left foot back and stab with your right hand at his body so you make yourself free of him. |
[238v] Ain angriff mit ainem wurff Item Begegnet Ir ainander also in fechten. So spring mit deinem linggen Innwendig zwischen seine beide fuoß laß den dolchen fallen und greif behend mit deiner rechten hannd nach seinen rechten elnbogen. und farh mit deiner linggen hand fornen umb seinen hals und ergreif in bei seinen linggen Achsel, und zeuch oben starck zue dir. so wirfstu in vore den schenckhel. hat er dich also ergriffen, so spring geschwindt mit deinem rechten fuoß In driangel, und mit dem linggen fuoß zur ruckh und stich mit deiner rechten hand nach seinem leib, so machst du dich von im ledig. |
[238v] Incursus simul cum prosternatione hostis. Prosile laevo tuo pede interius intra suos duos pedes, sinas pugionem e manibus tuis elabi, et apprehende celeriter dextro tuo hostis dextrum cubitum, et pergito sinistra tua ante ipsum circa collum [eig? cig?], et apprehendito sinistrum [eig/cig] humerum, et retrahe superne fortiter ad te, tum prosternes eum supra superiorem partem pedis. Si illa autem te apprehenderit hoc modo, prosilito celeriter dextro tuo pede in triangulo, et laevo tuo pede retrogreditor, et pungito dextra tua manu, corpus ipsius. Tum guidem te liberabis ab eo, Et [evolices? evolues? cuolices?]. |
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A winding in from both participants Item: If you encounter one another thus in the onset, so step with your left behind the right foot and stab him upward from below between his two crossed arms with the dagger and grab quickly with your left hand in front on the point of the dagger and push strongly toward yourself below and away from yourself above. If he has thus immobilized [gespert] you, so travel with your right hand and dagger in front over [across] the breast and around the neck up [to] his right side and grab with your left hand at the point of the dagger and pull therewith strongly towards you. If he has thus seized you, so spring with your right foot into [the] triangle and give [set] yourself with your entire body under itself into the Scales so you all come free of each other. |
[239r] Ain einwinden von baiden theillen. Item begegnet Ir ein ander also in disem zuefechten, so trit mit deinem linkgen hinder seinen rechten fuoß und stich in von unden zwischen seine geschrenckhte baide arm hinauf mit dem dolchen, und greiff geschwindt mit deiner linggen hanndt vornen, in das orth des dolchen und truckh starck unden zue und oben von dir hat er dich also gespert, so far mit deiner rechten handt und dolchen vornen uber die prust, und umb den halß seiner rechten seiten und greiff mit deiner linggen hand nach dem orth des dolchen und zeuch damit starckh für dir. hat er dich also ergriffen so spring mit deinem rechten fuoß In driangel, und gib dich mit gannzem leib under sich in die wag, so kumbt Ir ledig von ainander. |
[239r] Intersionis forma, ab utraque congressore. Si in vicem occurritis hoc modo, tum progreditor laevo tuo post hostis dextrum pedem et pungito ab inferne, intra sua cancellata utraque brachia sursum cum pugione, et apprehendito celeriter sinistra tua manu anteriorem mucronem pugionis, et preme fortiter inferius ad te, et superne repelle abs te. Si vero hostis ita te irrelitum tenet, tum [pugito][29] dextra tua et pugione recta supra pectus et circum collum [cig? ciq? eiq?] dextro latere, et apprehendito sinistra tua manu pugionis mucronem, et retrahe [interim?] fortiter. Si ille te ad hunc modum apprehenderit tum prosilito dextro tuo pede in dando triangulum et [inclina?][30] te toto tuo corpore inferius in libra tum poteritis in vicem vos liberare extricando. |
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An inverted binding-on Item: if you encounter one another thus in the onset, so stand with your left foot forward and set the dagger below at his right hand and your left hand behind his right elbow. Force above and below from you. If he has thus attacked you, so step with your left foot back into the triangle so both of you can come again to free working [free running, free action] [unobstructed action]. |
[239v] Ain verkerdt anbinden Congrediminj si hoc modo, tum praesistito laevo tuo pede & ad ponito pugione inverius ad dextram suam, et tuam sinistram manum retro suum dexterum cubitum. Impelle superne & inferne abs te. Si hostis ita contra te aversione utit,[31] tum progreditor laevo tuo pede in triangulum retrorsum, tum poterit uterque vestrum ad liberum contactum pugionum redire. |
[239v] Contactus seu coniunctio pugionum conversa. Item begegnet Ir ain ander also Im zuefechten, so stehe mit deinem linggen fuoß vor und sez Im den dolchen under sich an sein rechte hand, und dein linckhen hand hinder seinen rechten elnbogen, trinng von oben und unden von dir, hat er dir also angesetz, so trit mit deinem linggen fuoß Im triangel zue ruck, könnt Ir albeed wider zu freÿer arbeit komen. |
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A forcing-in with both hands Item: Conduct yourself thus in this onset; stand with your left foot forward, take the dagger in both hands and stab from above at him strongly at the face. If he thus stabs at you, so step with your left foot forward, let the dagger sink onto the right arm and thrust therewith his caught stab well in front of [him or itself]. Immediately let the dagger nimbly fall and grab with both hands from above in front of his two arms; press therewith strongly under yourself and spring with your right behind his left foot and throw him on the side. |
[240r] Ain einfallen mit Baiden henden Item schickh dich also in disem zuefechten. stee mit deinem lingken fuoß vor. Nemb den dolchen In beid hand und stich, von oben ab Im starchk nach dem gesicht. sticht er also gegen dir, so tridt mit deinem linggen fuoß vor, laß den dolchen an dem rechten arm sinckhen, und stos damit sein gefesten stich wol uber sich, in deß laß den dolchen behend fallen und greiff mit baiden handen wie oben ab vore seine beide arm truck damit starckh under sich und spring, mit deinem rechten hinder seinen lingken fuoß und wirff in auff die seiten. |
[240r] Habitus incursus utraque manu Ita te coaptabis ad hunc habitum. Ante sistito tuo laevo pede, apprehende pugionem utraque manu, et pungito superne fortiter versus hostis visum. Si ille utitur eadem punctione adversus te, tum progreditor laevo tuo pede, sinas pugionem dextro brachio delabj, et impellito interim suum conceptum ictum pugionis egregie superio[,] ac interim sinas pugionem celeriter e manibus tuis delabi, & apprehendito utraque manu superne supra ipsius utrumque brachium, preme interim fortiter inferius, & prosilito dextro tuo post suum sinistru[m?] pedem, et prosterne eum in latus. |
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A stab against a falling-in Item: conduct yourself thus in this device. Stand with your right foot forward, travel from below up with both arms and let the dagger sink on the right arm and set off his stab with strength. Immediately travel to him quickly with your right hand behind his neck on the right side and grab through with your left hand under between his two arms and clutch the point of the dagger; tug therewith strongly under him. If he has thus seized you, so step with your right foot inwardly [inside of] his right foot and fall to him with both hands on his two arms; push him strongly on the side so you throw him under yourself. |
[240v] Ain stich gegen Ainem Einfallen. Item schick dich also in disem stuck. stannd mit deinem rechten fuoß vor. far von unden auff mit beiden armen. und laß den dolchen an dem rechten arm sinckhen, und versez im den stich mit sterck. In des fahr in geschwindt mit deiner rechten hanndt hinder sein halß an der rechten seiten. und greif mit deiner lingken hannd unden zwischen seinen beiden armen durch, und ergreiff deß orth am dolchen Zeuich damit starck under sichg[sic] hat er dichg[sic] also gefast so tridt mit deinem rechten Inwendig für sein rechten fuoß, und fahl im mit beiden henden In seine beide arm. truckh Im starck uff die seiten. so wirfstu In under dich. |
[240v] Punctio contra incursum Ita te accomodabis. Ante sistito tuo dextro pede, pergito ab inferne utroque brachio sursum, ac sinas pugionem dextro brachio delabj, et excipe hostis punctionem, cum firimore loco. Intrim[32] pergito celeriter cum tua dextra manu post collum ipsius in dextro latere, et apprehendito sinistra manu per inferius intra suum utrumque brachium et apprehendito mucronem pugionis, trahe interim fortiter inferius. Si hostis ita te tenuerit, tum progreditor dextro tuo interius ante suum dextrum pedem, et utraque manu incidas in utrumque suum brachium preme cum fortiter inclinando[33] ad latus, tum prosternes illum subter te. |
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An attack on both elbows Item: Conduct yourself thus in this onset. Step with your left foot inwardly infront of his left foot and let the dagger fall, and grab with your right [sic] right hand at his left elbow and with the left hand at his right elbow; shove him therewith well in front of himself so you will become free of the grip with the dagger. If he thus wants to make himself, free so stab him from above at the face, and travel fully in, stab him with the dagger at his right side around the neck, and travel with your left hand in front under through and seize the point of the dagger, spring with your right behind with his right foot and tug therewith strongly from above down to you, so you throw him in front of your right foot. |
[241r] Ain angriff an beiden Elnbogen Item Schick dich also in disem Zuefechten. trit mit deinem lingken Furwendig für seinen lingken fuoß und laß den dolchen fallen, und greif mit deiner rechten rechten hannd an sein lingkhen Elnbogen. und mit der lingken hannd an sein rechten elnbogen, scheub in damit wol vore sich, so wirstu des greiffs mit dem dolchen ledig. will er sich also ledig machen, so stich im von oben her nach dem gesicht, und fahr in follem stich in mit dem dolchen nach seiner rechten seiten umb den hals und far mit deiner linggen hannd in vornen unden durch, und ergreiff den orth des dolchen, spring mit deinem rechten hinder seinen rechten fuoß und zeuich damit stark von oben herab zue dir, so wirfstu in vore deinen rechten fuoß |
[241r] Apprehensio utriusque cubitus. Sic te accomodabis ad nunc congressum, progreditor laevo tuo pede interius ante suum laevum, et sinas pugionem e manibus tuis delabi, et apprehendito dextra tua sinistrum hostis cubitum et sinistra tua manu, suum dextrum cubitum, et impelle egregie superius in altum, tum te ab apprehensione pugionis liberabis. Si hostis hoc modo se liberare vult, tunc impellito superne ictum iusura versus, et pergito extendendo manum tuam levam,[34] ante hostem inferius, et apprehende mucronem pugionis, prosilito tuo dextro pede post adversarij tui dextrum, et trahe fortiter e superne inferius, tum sternes eum supra tuum dextrum pedem. |
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Against a stab a tearing-down Item: Conduct yourself thus in this device. Step with your left foot forward and stab with your right hand at his body. If he stabs thus at you, so set aside the stab with the elbow step with your left foot in front of his left foot and travel nimbly to him with your dagger around his neck, and spring with your right behind his right foot and tug him therewith by the neck well under himself in the Scales, so you will throw him over the right leg. |
[241v] Gegen ainem stich ain nider reissen Item schick dich also in disem stück. trit mit deinem lingken fuoß vor, und stich in mit deiner rechten hannd nach seinem leib. sticht Er dir also zue. So sez Im den stich mit dem Alnbogen ab, trit mit deinem lingken für seinen lingken fueß, und fahr Im behend mit deinem dolchen umb sein hals, und spring mit deinem rechten hinder seinen rechten fuoß, und zeuich In damit bei dem halß wol under sich In die weg, so wirfstu In ubern rechten schenckell |
[241v] Contra ictum vellendi aliquem deorsum prosternendo. Ita te ad hunc congressum formabis. Progreditor laevo tuo pede et pungito dextra tua manu corpus ipsius. Si vero hostis pari modo tibi punctionem impellit[,] excipe ictum suum cubitu, progreditor tuo laevo contra ipsius lauu[35] pedem, et pergito celeriter cum tuo pugione circa [eig] collum, et prosilito cum dextro tuo pede, post [eig] dextrum et retrahe eum simul cum collo egregie inferius in libram[,] tum eum prosternes supra dextu[36] tuum pedem. |
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A free position Item: Conduct yourself thus in this device. Stand with your left foot forward and put your dagger with your right hand on your left knee under itself and with your left arm through under the right in front of your chest. Step with your right inwardly in front of his right foot and spring therewith in triangle and stab him at the face. If he thrusts thus at you, so travel with both crossed arms over themselves and set aside the stab therewith. Step immediately nimbly with your right in front of his right foot and do to him what you can. |
[242r] Ain freÿen Stanndt Item schick dich also Inn diß stuck. stannd mit deinem lingken fueß vor, und stell deinen dolchen mit deiner rechten hannd, uff dein lingken knie under sich, und mit deinem lincken arm under dem rechten vore deiner brust herdurch, trit mit deinem rechten Inwendig fur sein rechten fueß und spring damit in driangel und stich im nach dem gesicht. stost er dir also zue, so far mit baiden geschrenckten armen uber sich, und sez im damit den stich ab tridt In deß behend, mit deinem rechten für sein rechten fueß, und arbeit zue Im wa du magst. |
[242r] Habitus libera stationis. Ita te accomodabis ad hunc congrediendi modum. Praesistas tuo laevo pede, et pone tuum pugionem cum dextra tua[.] supra sinistrum tuum genu inferiori parte, et cum sinistro tuo brachio, subter dextrum, supra tuum genu inferiori pectus pergendo progreditor tuo pede interius ante suum dextrum et prosilito pariter in triangulum, et dirige ictum versus visum ipsius. Si impellit ipse ictum huius modi, tum pergito brachijs tuis cancellatis superius, et excipito ictum punctionis hoc modo[.] progreditor interim celeriter cum dextro tuo ante dextrum hostis pedem et labora contra cum quaeumque parte & quomodocumque poteris. |
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An upright position of both sides Item: conduct yourself thus in this device. Stand upright with equal feet and go with your right arm in the High and angle the dagger below itself. Immediately, step with your right foot forward and thrust at his face and grab with your left at this right hand. If he encounters you thus and you stand equally upright in front of him, so step with your right foot back, you step out of the grab-and-stab. Immediately, so spring with your left foot in triangle and stab at his body. |
[242v] Ain auffrechter Stanndt von baidenseitten Item schick dich also in dises stuck stee mit gleichen fuessen auffrecht, und ganng mit deinem rechten arm in die höch, und naig den dolchen hinder sich Inn des tridt mit deinem rechten fuoß vor, und stoß im nach dem gesicht, und greiff mit deiner linggen nach seiner rechten hannd, begegnet er dich also, und du stöst gleichs fals aufrecht vor Im, So tridt mit deinem rechten fuoß zur ruckh, tritstu im aus dem griff und stich, in deß so spring mit deinem linggen fuoß In driangel, und stich im Zur dem leib. |
[242v] Habitus rectae stationis ab utroque latere. Ita te formabis ad hunc habitum. Stato paribus tuis pedibus erectus et tuo dextro brachio pergito [in alcu] et inclina pugionem tuum retrorsum. Interim progreditor dextro tuo pede, et impellito hosti ictum versus visum[.] et apprehendito tua sinistra manu ipsius dexteram. Si ille contra te hoc modo utetur, et tu similiter stas erectus ante eum, tum progreditor detro tuo pede retrorsum[,] tum decedes progrediendo, et vitabis [eig] apprehensionem, et punctionem. Interim prosilito laevo tuo pede in triangulum, et pungito corpus ipsius. |
| Source Images | Images
from the Munich Version |
Incomplete Translation 
by Kendra Brown, Rebecca Garber, Mark Millman, |
Dresden Version II (1550s) | Vienna Version I (1550s) [German] | Vienna Version I (1550s) [Latin] | Munich Version II (1550s) | Jörg Breu's Sketchbook (1545) |
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Additional Resources
- Hunt, Brian. "Paulus Hector Mair: Peasant Staff and Flail." Masters of Medieval and Renaissance Martial Arts. Ed. Jeffrey Hull. Boulder, CO: Paladin Press, 2008. ISBN 978-1-58160-668-3
- Knight, David James, and Hunt, Brian. The Polearms of Paulus Hector Mair. Boulder, CO: Paladin Press, 2008. ISBN 978-1-58160-644-7
References
- ↑ A variant on the o-goshi in judo.
- ↑ Which is what?
- ↑ Note: Change of grip required, or the illustration does not match.
- ↑ Dagger transfer necessary at this point.
- ↑ Note: person on left side starts with the dagger in the left hand according to the illustration.
- ↑ Note: push down, not out
- ↑ Arbait - technical term: work, force, struggle
- ↑ Vienna and Munich MS Latin: right.
- ↑ read: locitur
- ↑ Latin: snatch up.
- ↑ Note: the illustration shows ice-pick grip.
- ↑ "You will lick it!" Not pleasant if the dagger is lying on it. Especially in cold weather.
- ↑ May not represent the changing though described.
- ↑ Note illustration shows ice-pick grip.
- ↑ Note: left is corrected from a right. Left is correct.
- ↑ This seems to imply both parallel action and simultaneity.
- ↑ Reib - strong twisting, bending, rotating motion.
- ↑ Image shows left.
- ↑ From the inner side.
- ↑ From the Latin text
- ↑ Correct from underich.
- ↑ Could also mean immediately
- ↑ Only in the Latin.
- ↑ Inn - unclear whether directional or locational.
- ↑ The one in the left hand?
- ↑ Only in the Latin.
- ↑ Possible abbreviation of gegen – geg.
- ↑ Odd squiggle in the middle—f from previous line?
- ↑ Scribal error for pungito?
- ↑ Strange squiggle above the c.
- ↑ Squiggle – looks like the Munich MS symbol for us?
- ↑ Error for interim?
- ↑ Written as “in Clinando”
- ↑ NB, likely scribal error for “laevam”
- ↑ Second u has three dots almost like ǜ.
- ↑ Error for dextrum?
