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Pseudo-Peter von Danzig
Gloss and Interpretation of the Recital on the Long Sword | |
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die gloss und die auslegung der zettel des langen schwert | |
Author(s) | Unknown |
Ascribed to | Pseudo-Peter von Danzig |
Illustrated by | Unknown |
Date | before 1452 |
Genre | |
Language | Early New High German |
Archetype(s) | Hypothetical |
Principal Manuscript(s) |
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Manuscript(s) |
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First Printed English Edition |
Tobler, 2010 |
Concordance by | Michael Chidester |
Translations |
Caution: Scribes at Work This article is in the process of updates, expansion, or major restructuring. Please forgive any broken features or formatting errors while these changes are underway. To help avoid edit conflicts, please do not edit this page while this message is displayed. Stay tuned for the announcement of the revised content! This article was last edited by Michael Chidester (talk| contribs) at 02:14, 13 May 2016 (UTC). (Update) |
"Pseudo-Peter von Danzig" is the name given to an anonymous late 14th or early 15th century German fencing master.[1] Some time before the creation of the Codex 44.A.8 in 1452, he authored a gloss of Johannes Liechtenauer's Recital (Zettel) which would go on to become the most widespread in the tradition. While his identity remains unknown, it is possible that he was in fact Jud Lew or Sigmund Schining ein Ringeck, both of whose glosses show strong similarities to the work. On the other hand, the introduction to the Rome version of the text—the oldest currently extant—might be construed as attributing it to Liechtenauer himself.
Contents
Treatise
Early on in its history, this text seems to have split into two primary branches. The first branch, found in the Rome (1452), Krakow (1510-20), and Augsburg II (1564) versions, has slightly longer descriptions for many devices and is always accompanied by illustrations. The second branch, appearing first in the Augsburg I (1450s) and used in all extant versions except the three listed above, has shorter descriptions but a number of additional devices.
In order to achieve a greater degree of organization and readability, Liechtenauer's verse has been separated into its proper couplets in this presentation. The verse is laid out this way in the Augsburg I and Salzburg versions, but in most of the other manuscripts it is included inline.
Images |
Rome Version (1452) |
Vienna Version (1480s) |
Krakow Version (1510-20) |
Augsburg Version (1564) | |
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[1] Here begins the gloss and the interpretation of the Epitome of the Long Sword This has been composed and created by Johannes Liechtenauer, the one High Master in the Art, may God be gracious to him, so that princes and lords and knights and soldiers shall know and learn that which pertains to the Art. Therefore he has allowed the Epitome to be written with secret and suspicious words, so that not every man shall undertake and understand them. And he has done that so the Epitome’s Art will little concern the reckless Fencing-Masters, so that from the same Masters his Art is not openly presented or shall become common. And the same secret and suspicious words of the Epitome that stand hereafter, the glosses teach and explain thus, so that everyone who otherwise can fence may well undertake and understand them. |
[9v] ·:~Alhÿe hebt sich an die Glos vnd die auslegu~g der zedel des langen swertz Die gedicht vnd gemacht hat Johannes liechtenauer der ein hoher maister in der kunst gewesen ist dem got genädig sey vnd dar vmb das die kunst fürsten vnd herren Ritt° vnd knechten zu° gehört das sÿ die wissen vnd lernen sullen Dar vmb hat er sÿ lassñ schreiben mit verporgen vnd verdachten worten das sÿ ÿeder man nicht vernemen vnd versten sol vnd hat das getan durch der leichtfertigen schirmaister willen die ir kunst gering wegen das von den selbigen maisterñ sein kunst nicht geoffenwart noch gemein solt werden vnd die selbigen verporgen vnd verdackten wort der zedel die stenn hernach in der glosen Also verklert vnd aus gelegt das sÿ ydermann wol vernemen vnd versten mag der do anders fechten kan |
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[2] Here mark what the red writing in the beginning of the hereafter described techniques is: that is the text of secret words of the Epitome of the Long Sword. And always the next black writing script is the gloss and the explanation of the secret and suspicious words of the Epitome. |
Hÿe merck eben auff was im anfang der hernachgeschriben stuck mit rot geschribñ ist das ist der text der verporgen wort der zedel des langen swertz vnd albeg die nachst swartz geschribñ schrifft das ist die glos vnd die aus legu~g der verporgen vnd verdachten wort der zedel |
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[3] This is the preface: Young knight learn |
Das Ist die vor red [10r] ☹ Junck ritter lere |
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[4] This is a general lesson of the Long Sword in which very fine Art is held: Text Will you show Art, Gloss: Mark, that is the first art of the Long Sword, that you shall learn the hews correctly before all things, so that you will otherwise fence strongly, and undertake that thus: When you stand with the left foot before and hew from your right side, if you do not follow after the hew with a step forward of your right foot, thus the hew is false and incorrect. When your right side remains behind, thereby the hew becomes too short and may not have its correct path downwards to the other side before the left foot. |
Das ist ein gemaine ler des langen swertz das In vil gutter kunst begriffen ist Text Wiltu kunst schauen Glosa Merck das ist die erst kunst des langenn swertz Das du vor allen dingen die häw solt lernen gerecht hawen ist das du anders starck vechten wilt vnd das ver nÿm also wenn dw mit dem lincken fues vor stest vnd haust vor deiner rechten seittñ volgstu dann dem haw nicht nach mit deinem zu° trit deins rechten fuess So ist der haw valsch vnd vngerecht wenn dein rechte seitt die pleibt da hinden dar vmb wirt der haw zu° kurtz vnd mag seinen rechten gangk zu° der anderñ seitten vor dem lincken fuess vndersich nicht gehaben |
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[5] Or if you stand with the right foot before and hew from the left side, and you do not follow after the hew with your left foot, then the hew is yet false. Therefore mark when you hew from the right side that you always follow after the hew. Do also likewise the same when you hew from the left side. So put your body therewith correctly in the balance, thus the hews become long and hewn correctly. |
Oder Stestu mit dem rechten fuess vor vnd haust von der lincken [10v] seytten volgstu denn mit dem lincken fuess dem haw auch nicht nach So ist der haw aber valsch Dar vmb so merck wenn dw haust von der rechten seÿten das thue albeg mit dem rechten fuess dem haw nach volgest Des selben geleichen tüe auch wenn du haust von der lincken seitten So gibt sich dein leib do mit recht in die wag Also werden dÿ häw lanck vnd gerecht gehauen ~ |
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[6] This is the text and the gloss of yet a lesson: Who goes after hewing, Gloss: This is when you come to him with the pre-fencing, then you shall not stand still and look after his hews, waiting for what he fences against you. Know that all fencers that look and wait on another’s hews and will do nothing other than parrying deserve such very little joy in their art, since they are destroyed and become thereby struck. |
Das ist der text vnd die glos aber von ainer ler Wer nach get hawen Glosa das ist wenn du mit dem zu° vechtñ zu° im kumpst So soltu nicht still sten vnd auff sein häw sehen noch warten was er gegen dir vicht wist das alle vechter dye do sehen vnd warten auff eins anderñ häw vnd wollen anders nicht thuen wenn vor setzen die bedürffen sich solicher kunst gar wenig fräwen wenn sÿ ist vernicht vnd weerden do pey geslagen |
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[7] This is the text and the gloss of yet a lesson: Hew near what you will, Gloss: Mark, that is when you come to him with the pre-fencing, what you will then fence, drive that with the entire strength of your body, and hew in therewith closing to the head and to the body, and remain with the point in before the face or the breast so he cannot Change-through before your point. If he parries with strength and lets the point go out from you on the side, then give him a Lighter-hit on the arm. |
Das ist der text vnd die glos aber von ein° lere Haw nahent was du wilt [11r] Glosa Merck das ist wenn du mit dem zu vechten zu Im kumpst was du den vechten wild das treib mit gantz° sterck des leibs vnd häw im do mit nahent ein zu° kopf vnd zu leib vnd pleib im mit dem ort fur dem gesicht oder der prüst so kan er fur dem ort nicht durch gewechselñ vor setzt er mit sterck vnd lest denn ort von dir aus gen auff dÿ seittñ So gib im ein zeck rür auf den arm~ |
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[8] Or if he drives high up with the arms with the parrying, then strike him with a free hew below to the body and step quickly therewith backward, so he is struck before he comes in. |
Oder vert er mit der vorsatzu~g hoch auff mit den armen So slach im mit einem freÿen haw vnden zu° dem leib vnd trit pald do mit zu° ruck So ist er geslagen ee wenn er sein Inn wirt |
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[9] This is the text and the gloss of yet another lesson: Hear what is bad there. Gloss: Mark, this is a lesson, and touches upon two persons, a right-hander and a left-hander, and is how you shall hew so that one does not win the Weak of your sword with the first hew, and undertake that thus: when you come to him with the pre-fencing, if you are then a right-hander, then hew the first hew with purpose not from the left side, then he is Weak and may therewith not hold against. When he hews strongly in to you, then hew from the right, so you may well hold strongly against, and work what you will on the sword. |
Das ist der text vnd die glos Aber von einer ler Hör was da slecht ist Glosa Merck das ist ein ler vnd trift an zwo person Einem gerechten vnd einem lincken Vnd ist wie dw solt hauen das man dir die swech in dem swert mit dem ersten haw nicht an gewinn vnd das vernÿm also wenn du mit dem zu° vechten zu ÿm kumpst pistu denn gerecht so haw mit nameen den ersten haw nicht von der lincken seÿtten wenn er ist swach vnd magst [11v] da mit nicht wider gehalden wenn er mit dir starck ein haut Da von so haw von der rechten so magstu wol starck wider gehalten vnd am swert arbaitten was dw wild Des geleichen pistu linck So haw auch den ersten haw nicht von der rechten seitten wenn es ist einem lincken gar wild ku~st zu° treiben von der rechten seitten Des geleichen ist auch einem rechten von der lincken seitten ~ |
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[10] Likewise, if you are left-handed, then hew also the first hew not from the right side, since it is quite perilous for a left-hander to practice Art from the right side, the same as it is also for a right-hander from the left side. |
Das ist dert text vnd die glos aber von einer ler Vor vnd nach dÿ tzwaÿ dinck Glosa Merck das ist das du vor allen sachen recht solt vernemen vnd ver sten dy tzwaÿ dinck Das ist das vor vnd das nach vnd dar nach swech vnd sterck des swertzs vnd des wortz inndes wenn dar aus get der gantz grunt aller kunst des fechtens wenn du die dinck recht vernÿmpst vñ verstest vnd dar zu° des wortz Inndes nicht vergist In allen stucken die dw treibest So pistu wol ein gueter maister des swertz vnd magst wol lernen fürsten vnd herren das sÿ mit rechter gunst des swertz wol mügen besten In kampff vnd in erñst |
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[11] This is the text and the gloss of yet another lesson: Before and After, these two things, Gloss: Mark, this is that before all things you shall rightly undertake and understand these two things, which are the Before and the After, and thereafter the Weak and Strong of the sword, and then the word Meanwhile, wherefrom comes the entire foundation of all the Art of Fencing when you think on, undertake, and understand them rightly, and do not forget the word Meanwhile in all techniques that you drive. Then you are a very good Master of the Sword and may teach princes and lords well so that they may be best in combat and in earnest with correct Art of the Sword. |
Hier merck was da haist das vor |
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[12] Here mark what is there called the Before: This is that you shall always come Before, be it with the hew or with the stab, before he does, and when you come before with the hew or otherwise then he must parry that. Then work Meanwhile nimbly before yourself with the sword in the parrying, or otherwise with other techniques. Then he may come to no work. |
[12r] Das ist das du albeg solt vor kömen es seÿ mit dem haw oder mit dem stich ee wenn er vnd wenn du ee kumpst mit dem haw oder süst das er dir vor setzñ mües So arbait Inndes behentlich In der versatzung für dich mit dem swert oder sünst mit anderñ stucken So mag er zu° kainen arbait komen ~ |
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[13] Here mark what is there called the After: The After are the breaks against all techniques and hews the opponent drives on you, and that undertake thus: When he comes Before with the hew, and you must parry him, then work Meanwhile with your parrying nimbly with the sword to the next opening. Then you break his Before with your After. |
Hye merck was da haist das nach Das nach das sind die prüch wider alle stuck vnd häw die man auff dich treibt vnd das vernÿm also wenn er ee ku~pt mit dem haw wenn du das im versetzen muest So arbait Inndes mit dein° vorsatzung behendlich mit dem swert zu° der nagsten plöss So prichstu ÿm sein vor mit deinem nach ~ |
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[14] Here mark the Weak and the Strong of the sword: Understand the Weak and the Strong thus: On the sword from the hilt to the middle of the blade is the Strong of the sword, and further above the middle to the point is the Weak, And how you shall work with the Strong of your sword after the Weak of his sword you will hereafter learn. |
Hier merck die swech vnd die sterck des swertz Die swech vnd die sterck vernÿm also am swert von dem gehültz pis in die mitt der klingen so ist die sterck des swertz vnd fürpas vber die mitt pis an den ort ist die swech vnd wie du mit der sterck deines swertz nach der swech seins swertz arbaitten solt das wir dir hernach vorklert |
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[15] This is the text and gloss of Five Hews: Five Hews learn Gloss: Mark, there are Five hidden Hews of which many Masters of the Sword know nothing to say; these Hews you shall learn correctly from the right side. Whichever fencer you then hew with correct Art who can break these without injury becomes praised by other Masters, so that his Art shall become rewarded more than other fencers. And how one shall hew the hews with their techniques, that becomes hereafter clarified to you. |
Das ist der text von funff häwen vnd die glos [12v] ffünff häw lere Glosa Merck es sind fünff verporgen häw do vil maister des swertz nichtz von wissen zu° sagen die soltu von der rechten seitten recht lernen hawen wellich vechter dir denn die haw mit rechter kunst an schaden prechen kan dem wirt gelobt von anderñ maisterñ das ym seiner kunst pas gelont sol werden denn einem andern vechter vnd wie man die häw mit irñ stucken hawen sol das wirt dir hernach vor klert warden |
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[16] This is the text and the gloss of techniques of the Epitome: Wrath hew, Crooked, Thwart, Gloss: Mark, here become named to you the right Chief Techniques of the Epitome of the Long Sword, how they are each called particularly by their names so that you can further remember and recall them. The first are the Five Hews and how they are particularly named: |
Das ist der text vnd die glos von stucken der zedel Zorñ häw krumpp twer Glosa ·M·erck hie werdent dir genant die rechten hauppt stuck der zedel des langen swertz wie sie haissen iglichs besunder mit seine~ namen dar vmb das du sÿ dester pas erkennen vñ vorsten kündest Das erst das sind die fünff häw wie die besunder genant sein Item Der erst haist der zorenhaw |
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Item: The first is called the Wrath-hew. |
Nu merck die stuck |
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[17] Now mark the techniques: Item: The first, they are the Four Guards. |
[13r] ☞ Das erst das sein die vier hu°tten ~ |
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[18] And what you shall fence from the techniques, and how you shall give openings with the Hangings and Windings, you will thus one after another to the next find described hereafter. |
Vnd was du aus den stucken fechten solt vnd wie du dich mit den hengen vnd winden ploß gebñ solt Das wirstu also nach ein ander am nagstñ hernach geschriben vinden |
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Images |
Rome Version (1452) |
Vienna Version (1480s) |
Krakow Version (1510-20) |
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Rome Version | Vienna Version (114r-117v) | Krakow Version |
Images |
Rome Version (1452) |
Vienna Version (1480s) |
Krakow Version (1510-20) |
Glasgow Version (1508) | |
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All raise yourself here to the analysis and interpretation of the verses on the art of combat fencing Those composed and devised by Johannes Liechtenawer, who was the one high master of the art and well respected and so that princes and gentlemen Knights and squires hear the art so that they then learn and shall know Thus the art has been allowed to be written with concealed and considered words This is so that not every man who hears it shall even understand it and if this is done through an irresponsible fightmaster's will then your art will be lessened because of it, similarly your art shall then not be open but vulgar, so direct the art that it not become widely heard as in hear the art and conceal the same and consider the words on combat fencing that stand after here and then are clarified In the comments and laid out so that any man can retain well and will understand if he knows other fencing. |
For further information, including transcription and translation notes, see the discussion page.
Work | Author(s) | Source | License |
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Krakow Images | Biblioteka Jagiellońska | Biblioteka Jagiellońska | |
Translation (Long Sword) | Cory Winslow | Wiktenauer | |
Translation (Short Sword) | Mike Rasmusson | Shielhau.org | |
Rome Transcription | Dierk Hagedorn | Index:Codex Danzig (Cod.44.A.8) | |
Vienna Transcription | Carsten Lorbeer, Julia Lorbeer, Andreas Meier, Marita Wiedner | Index:Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS KK5126) | |
Glasgow Transcription | Dierk Hagedorn | Index:Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341) | |
Krakow Transcription | Bartłomiej Walczak, Per Magnus Haaland | Index:Goliath (MS Germ.Quart.2020) | |
Augsburg Transcription I | Dierk Hagedorn | Index:Hutter/Sollinger Fechtbuch (Cod.I.6.2º.2) |
Additional Resources
- Hull, Jeffrey, with Maziarz, Monika and Żabiński, Grzegorz. Knightly Dueling: The Fighting Arts of German Chivalry. Boulder, CO: Paladin Press, 2007. ISBN 1-58160-674-4
- Tobler, Christian Henry. In Saint George's Name: An Anthology of Medieval German Fighting Arts. Wheaton, IL: Freelance Academy Press, 2010. ISBN 978-0-9825911-1-6
- Żabiński, Grzegorz. The Longsword Teachings of Master Liechtenauer. The Early Sixteenth Century Swordsmanship Comments in the "Goliath" Manuscript. Poland: Adam Marshall, 2010. ISBN 978-83-7611-662-4
- Anzeiger für Kunde der deutschen Vorzeit. Nuremberg: Verlag der Artistisch-literarischen Anstalt des Germanischen Museums, 1854.
References
- ↑ This name stems from the false assumption of many 20th century writers identifying him with Peter von Danzig zum Ingolstadt.