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| <p>[59] Mark, when you come to him with the pre-fencing, then do as if you will strike him with a free Over-hew to the head, but pull the hew and strike him with the Thwart to the lower opening of his left or his right side, to whichever you want, and see that you are well-guarded with the hilt over your head. You may also drive this thus with the Thwart-hew.</p>
 
| <p>[59] Mark, when you come to him with the pre-fencing, then do as if you will strike him with a free Over-hew to the head, but pull the hew and strike him with the Thwart to the lower opening of his left or his right side, to whichever you want, and see that you are well-guarded with the hilt over your head. You may also drive this thus with the Thwart-hew.</p>
 
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| <p>[60] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss of the technique that is called the Inverter:}}</p>
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<p>{{red|Inverter forces<br/>Running through, also with wrestling.<br/>The elbow<br/>Knowingly take, spring into the balance.}}</p>
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<p>Gloss: Mark, the Inverter is called the half-hew or the turned-hew by fencers. Therewith one forces the man so that he may Run-through him and grasp him with wrestling.</p>
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| <p>[61] {{red|b=1|Drive that thus:}}</p>
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<p>When you go to him with the pre-fencing, then go before with the left foot and hew the half hew with inverted long edge from the right side, in and in, up and down, with your left foot. Afterwards you have come to him, and as quickly as you bind on his sword, then hang the point in Meanwhile above and stab in to his face. If he parries the stab and drives high up with the arms, then Run-through him.</p>
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| <p>[62] Or if he remains low with the hands in the parrying, then grip his right elbow with the left hand and hold him therewith fast, and spring with the left foot before his right and thrust him thus over the foot.</p>
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| <p>[63] {{red|b=1|Or}} will you not thrust him over the foot with the left hand by the elbow as before described states, then drive in with the left arm behind around his body and throw him before you over your left hip.</p>
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| <p>[64] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss of yet another Failer:}}</p>
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<p>{{red|Failer twofold,<br/>Hit him, then make with the slice.<br/>Twofold it proceeds,<br/>Step in left and be not lax.}}</p>
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<p>Gloss: Mark, this is called the twofold Failer, drive it thus: when you come to him with the pre-fencing, then stand with the left foot before and hold your sword on your right shoulder, and when he is even to you, then spring well against him with the right foot on his left side, and do as if you would hew him with a free Thwart-strike to the left side of his head, but pull the hew before it hits, and spring with the left foot on his right side, and strike there to his head. If he parries and you hit his sword, then spring over to the same side near him, and slice him with the short edge behind his sword with the Doubling in his mouth.</p>
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| <p>[65] {{red|b=1|Or}} fall in with the sword over both arms with the slice. Also you may thus well drive the Failer from the Over-hew as from the Thwart strike when you are even or when you want.</p>
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| <p>[66] {{red|b=1|Here begins the Squint-hew with its techniques:}}</p>
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<p>{{red|Squinter breaks<br/>What the Buffalo strikes or stabs.<br/>Who threatens to change,<br/>Squinter robs him therefrom.}}</p>
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<p>Gloss: Mark, the Squinter<ref>Squint here means "an askew glance", referring to both the sword's direction of travel and also the use of deception with the eyes with this hew.</ref> breaks the guard that is called the Plow, and is a good, strange, and serious hew when it breaks with force one who is hewing in and stabbing in, and it goes to with inverted sword. There are many Masters of the sword around that of this hew know nothing to say.</p>
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| <p>[67] {{red|b=1|Here mark how one shall do the Squinter-hew:}}</p>
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<p>Mark, when you come to him with the pre-fencing, then stand with the left foot before and hold your sword on your right shoulder. If he then hews above in to the head, then turn your sword and hew against his hew with the short edge long over his sword with stretched arms above in to his head. Is he then clever and Fails with the hew, and will Change-through below your sword, then let the point shoot in long before you with the hew, so he may not Change-through below.</p>
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| <p>[68] {{red|b=1|Another:}}</p>
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<p>When you stand against him and hold your sword on your right shoulder, if he then stands against you in the guard of the Plow and will stab below to you, then hew him long in above with the Squinter, and shoot the point long in to the breast, so may he not reach you below with the stab.</p>
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| <p>[69] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss of a lesson of the Squinter:}}</p>
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<p>{{red|Squint that he is short on you,<br/>Changing-through defeats him.}}</p>
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<p>Gloss: Mark this lesson, when you come to him with the pre-fencing, so shall you Squint with the face and see if he fences short against you. You shall perceive that when he hews to you then he stretches the arms not long from him with the hew, so is his sword shortened.</p>
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| <p>[70] {{red|b=1|Or}} if you lie before him in the guard of the Fool, if he will then fall Crooked thereon with the sword, so is his sword but shortened.</p>
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| <p>[71] {{red|b=1|Or}} if he lies against you in the guard of the Ox or the Plow, so is his sword but shortened. Also know that all Winds with the sword before the man are short and shorten the sword, and whatever fencer the Winding drives thus, then freely Change through from hews and from stabs, and shoot in the long point therewith into the next opening. Therewith you force him so that he must parry, and so you come to your correct work.</p>
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| <p>[72] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss of how one breaks the Long Point with the Squinter:}}</p>
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<p>{{red|Squint to the point,<br/>And take the throat without fear.}}</p>
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<p>Gloss: Mark, when you come to him with the pre-fencing, if he then stands against you and holds the Long Point against your face or breast, then hold your sword on the right shoulder and squint with the face to the point, and do as if you will hew him there, and hew strongly with the Squinter with the short edge on his sword, and shoot in the long point therewith to the throat with a step to of the right foot.</p>
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| <p>[73] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss of yet a technique from the Squint Hew:}}</p>
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<p>{{red|Squint to the upper<br/>Head, hands will you harm.}}</p>
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<p>Gloss: Mark, this is another break when he stands against you in the Long Point. Squint to his head with your face, and do as if you will thereon strike him, and strike him with the Squint-hew with the point on his hands.</p>
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Revision as of 02:54, 14 May 2016

Gloss and Interpretation of
the Recital on the Long Sword
die gloss und die auslegung der zettel
des langen schwert
Author(s) Unknown
Ascribed to Pseudo-Peter von Danzig
Illustrated by Unknown
Date before 1452
Genre
Language Early New High German
Archetype(s) Hypothetical
Principal
Manuscript(s)
Manuscript(s)
First Printed
English Edition
Tobler, 2010
Concordance by Michael Chidester
Translations

"Pseudo-Peter von Danzig" is the name given to an anonymous late 14th or early 15th century German fencing master.[1] Some time before the creation of the Codex 44.A.8 in 1452, he authored a gloss of Johannes Liechtenauer's Recital (Zettel) which would go on to become the most widespread in the tradition. While his identity remains unknown, it is possible that he was in fact Jud Lew or Sigmund Schining ein Ringeck, both of whose glosses show strong similarities to the work. On the other hand, the introduction to the Rome version of the text—the oldest currently extant—might be construed as attributing it to Liechtenauer himself.

Treatise

Early on in its history, this text seems to have split into two primary branches. The first branch, found in the Rome (1452), Krakow (1510-20), and Augsburg II (1564) versions, has slightly longer descriptions for many devices and is always accompanied by illustrations. The second branch, appearing first in the Augsburg I (1450s) and used in all extant versions except the three listed above, has shorter descriptions but a number of additional devices.

In order to achieve a greater degree of organization and readability, Liechtenauer's verse has been separated into its proper couplets in this presentation. The verse is laid out this way in the Augsburg I and Salzburg versions, but in most of the other manuscripts it is included inline.

Additional Resources

References

  1. This name stems from the false assumption of many 20th century writers identifying him with Peter von Danzig zum Ingolstadt.
  2. Squint here means "an askew glance", referring to both the sword's direction of travel and also the use of deception with the eyes with this hew.