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Difference between revisions of "Pseudo-Peter von Danzig"

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| principal manuscript(s)={{collapsible list
 
| principal manuscript(s)={{collapsible list
 
  | [[Codex Danzig (Cod.44.A.8)|Cod. 44.A.8]] (1452)
 
  | [[Codex Danzig (Cod.44.A.8)|Cod. 44.A.8]] (1452)
  | [[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS KK5126)|MS KK5126]] (1480s)
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  | [[Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS KK5126)|MS KK5126]] (?) (1480s)
 
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| <p>[95] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss of the Four Settings-on:}}</p>
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<p>{{red|Set-on four ends.<br/>Learn to remain thereon if you will end.}}</p>
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<p>Gloss: Mark, there are Four Settings-on that you hear you shall drive in earnest when you will quickly strike or injure him. Drive them thus; when you come to him in the pre-fencing with the sword, then lie with your sword in the guard of the Ox or the Plow. If he will then hew above or stab below, then mark while he lifts up his sword and will strike, or pulls it to himself below and will stab, then come Before and shoot the long point into the nearest opening before he brings ahead his hew or stab, and see if you may Set-on him. Likewise do that also when he hews to you with Under-hews; then shoot the point in before he comes up with the hew from below, and drive that to both sides.</p>
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{{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 027r.jpg|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 027v.jpg|1|lbl=27v|p=1}}
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| <p>[96] If he then becomes aware of the Setting-on, then remain with your sword on his and work in nimbly to the next opening. ''So that he may not come to any technique, [if] he withdraws from the sword, execute the Traveling-after that is made clear to you hereafter.''</p>
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| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 027v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
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| [[File:MS Germ.Quart.2020 043r.jpg|250px|center]]
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| <p>[97] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss of the Travelling-after:}}</p>
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<p>{{red|Travelling-after learn twofold,<br/>Or slice in the weapon.<br/>Two Outside Manners,<br/>The work thereafter begins.<br/>And prove the drivings,<br/>If they are Soft or Hard.}}</p>
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<p>Gloss: Mark, the Travelling-afters are many and multiple, and pertain to driving from hews and stabs with great prudence against the fencers that fence with free and long hews and otherwise do not hold well to the correct Art of the Sword.</p>
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| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 027v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
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| <p>[98] {{red|b=1|Drive the Travelling-after thus:}}</p>
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<p>When you come to him with the pre-fencing, then stand with the left foot before in the guard From the Day, and see well how he will fence against you. If he then hews long above in to you, then watch so that he does not reach you, and mark while his sword goes under you against the earth with the hew. Then spring to with the right foot and hew him above into the head before he comes up again with the sword, so is he struck.</p>
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{{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 027v.jpg|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 028r.jpg|1|lbl=28r|p=1}}
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| [[File:MS Germ.Quart.2020 044r.jpg|250px|center]]
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| <p>[99] {{red|b=1|This technique described hereafter is called the Outside Manner:}}</p>
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<p>Mark, when he hews and you Travel-after him with the hew to the opening, if he then drives up quickly with the sword and comes below you on your sword, then remain strong thereon. If he then heaves fast upwards with the sword, then spring with the left foot behind his right and strike him with the Thwart or otherwise to his head on his right side, and work quickly again around to his left side with the Doubling or otherwise with other techniques thereafter as you find if he is Soft or Hard on the sword.</p>
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| <p>[100] ''When he hews before you and you hew in after, if you bind then on his sword in his left side, if he strikes then from the parry with the Thwart quickly around you to your right side, then come in Meanwhile with the weapon first before under his sword against his left side and hew his hew after to the right side, or drive the slice in over his arm to the head.''</p>
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| <p>[101] {{red|b=1|Here mark a good Travelling-after on the sword from Under-hewing:}}</p>
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<p>Mark, when you fence against him from Under-hewing, or from the slashing, or lie against him in the guard that is called Fool, if he then falls with his sword on yours before you therewith come up, then remain thus with your sword below on his and heave upwards. If he then Winds with the point into your face or breast on the sword, then let him not off from the sword, and follow him thereafter, and work in with the point to the next opening. Or if he strikes around from the sword, then follow him or Travel-after with the point as before.</p>
 
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{{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 028r.jpg|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 028v.jpg|1|lbl=28v|p=1}}
 
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| <p>[102] {{red|b=1|Mark}} you shall travel after him from all hews and from all guards as quickly as you can when he hews from you or opens himself with the sword. And see that afterward you do not open yourself to hews with the Travelling-after, and mark that to both sides.</p>
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| <p>[103] {{red|b=1|Here mark the text and the gloss of the Feeling and of the word that is called Meanwhile:}}</p>
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<p>{{red|Learn the Feeling.<br/>Meanwhile, that word slices sorely.}}</p>
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<p>Gloss: Mark, the Feeling and the word Meanwhile are the greatest and the best art with the sword, and who is a Master of the Sword, or wants to be, and cannot understand the Feeling and the word Meanwhile, then is he not a Master, but he is a Buffalo of the Sword. Therefore you shall before all things learn well these two things so that you understand them rightly.</p>
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{{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 028v.jpg|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 029r.jpg|1|lbl=29r|p=1}}
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| <p>[104] {{red|b=1|Here mark the lesson of the Feeling and of the word that is called Meanwhile:}}</p>
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<p>Mark, when you come to him with the pre-fencing, and one another bind on the sword, then you shall Feel with the hand simultaneously as the swords clash together if he has bound Soft or Hard on you, and as quickly as you have found out, then think of the word Meanwhile, that is, that simultaneously as you find the same, you shall nimbly work on the sword so he is struck before he becomes aware of it.</p>
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| <p>[105] {{red|b=1|Here you shall mark…}}</p>
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<p>That the Feeling and the word Meanwhile are one thing, and one without the other may not be, and that undertake thus: when you bind on his sword, then you must Feel with the hand with the word Meanwhile if he is but Soft or Hard on the sword, and when you have felt, then you must but Meanwhile work after the Soft and after the Hard on the sword. Thus are they both naught than one thing. And the word Meanwhile is previously in all techniques, and that undertake thus: Meanwhile Doubles, Meanwhile Mutates, Meanwhile Changes through, Meanwhile Runs through, Meanwhile takes the slice, Meanwhile wrestles with, Meanwhile takes the sword, Meanwhile does what your heart desires, Meanwhile; that is a sharp word wherewith all Masters of the Sword who know not to name this word become sliced. That is the key of the Art.</p>
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| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 029r.jpg|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 029v.jpg|1|lbl=29v|p=1}}
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| [[File:MS Germ.Quart.2020 047r.jpg|250px|center]]
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| <p>[106] {{red|b=1|Here mark the text and the gloss of yet a Travelling-after:}}</p>
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<p>{{red|Travel-after twofold.<br/>One hits, make with the Ancient Slice.}}</p>
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<p>Gloss: Mark, that is that you shall drive the Travelling-after to both sides and you shall not forget the slice there. Undertake that thus: when he hews before you, be it from the right or from the left side, then hew in boldly After to the opening. If he then drives up and binds below you on the sword, then mark as quickly as the swords clash on each other, then slice him Meanwhile after his neck or fall in with the long edge on his arms and slice fast.</p>
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| <p>[107] {{red|b=1|Here mark the text and the gloss of the Over-running:}}</p>
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<p>{{red|Who aims below,<br/>Over-run, then he becomes ashamed.<br/>When it clashes above,<br/>Then strengthen, that I praise.<br/>Your work make,<br/>Or press hard twofold.}}</p>
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<p>Gloss: Mark that is when you come to him with the pre-fencing, if he then hews below to your lower opening, do not parry that, but hew in above strongly to his head. Or if he hews to you with Under-hewing, then mark before he comes up with the Under-hew, and shoot the long point above into the face or the breast, and Set-on him above so he may not reach you below, since all upper Setting-on breaks and defeats the lower. If he then drives up and binds below on your sword, then remain with the long edge strongly on his sword, and work nimbly to the next opening, or let him work and come Meanwhile so that you hit him.</p>
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| <p>{{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 029v.jpg|3|lbl=-|p=1}}<br/><br/></p>
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{{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 030r.jpg|1|lbl=30r}}
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| <p>[108] ''Item, mark when you strongly have bound on his sword, if he strikes then around from the parrying to the other side, then bind in yet with the long edge strongly on the sword above to the head and work to the opening as before. Drive that to both sides.''</p>
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| [[File:MS Germ.Quart.2020 048v.jpg|250px|center]]
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| <p>[109] {{red|b=1|Here mark, this is the text and the gloss on how one shall Set-off stabs and hews:}}</p>
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<p>{{red|Learn Setting-off,<br/>Hews, stabs, artfully injure.<br/>Who stabs on you,<br/>Your point hits and his breaks.<br/>From both sides<br/>Hit all, if you will step.}}</p>
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<p>Gloss: Mark the Setting-off drive thus: when you come to him with the pre-fencing, if he then stands against you as if he will stab, then set your left foot before and stand against him in the guard of the Plow on your right side and give an opening with the left side. If he then stabs to that same opening, then Wind against his stab with your short edge on his sword and your sword on your left side, and therewith Set-off, and therewith step to him with the right foot and stab him Meanwhile to the face or the chest.</p>
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{{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 030v.jpg|1|lbl=30v}}
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| [[File:MS Germ.Quart.2020 050r.jpg|250px|center]]
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| <p>[110] {{red|b=1|Another technique:}}</p>
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<p>Mark, when you stand on your right side in the Plow, if he then hews into your left side above to your head, then drive up with the sword and Wind therewith on your left side against his hew with the hilt before your head, and step therewith to him with the right foot, and stab him to the face or breast. Drive this technique from the Plow on both sides.</p>
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| <p>[111] {{red|b=1|This is the text with the gloss on how one shall Change-through:}}</p>
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<p>{{red|Changing-through learn<br/>From both sides with stabs sorely.<br/>Who binds on you,<br/>Changing-through closely finds him.}}</p>
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<p>Gloss: Mark the Changing-throughs are many and multiple; you shall drive them against the fencers that readily parry and that hew to the sword and not to the openings of the body. You shall well learn to drive that with prudence so that one cannot Set-on you or come in with something while you are Changing-through.</p>
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| <p>[112] {{red|b=1|Drive the Changing-through thus:}}</p>
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<p>When you come to him with the pre-fencing, then hew in above strongly. If he then hews against your sword and not to your body, then let the point go with the hew through his sword, below between you, before he binds on your sword, and stab into the other side to his breast. If he becomes aware of the stab and drives quickly after the stab with the sword with parrying, then Change-through yet again, and always do that when he drives after the sword with parrying.</p>
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| <p>[113] {{red|b=1|''Another''}}</p>
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<p>When you come to him with the pre-fencing, then set the left foot before and hold the Long Point against his face. If he then hews to your sword down from above or up from below, and will strike that away or bind strongly thereon, then let the point sink underneath and stab him to the other side. Drive that against all hews wherewith one hews to your sword.</p>
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{{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 031r.jpg|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 031v.jpg|1|lbl=31v|p=1}}
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| <p>[114] {{red|b=1|That even mark…}}</p>
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<p>How you shall Change-through so that one will not Set-on you while you are doing so, and that undertake thus: when he parries and lets his point go out near your side, then bravely Change-though and stab him to the other side. Or if he remains with the point before your face, or otherwise against the opening, then do not Change-through, but remain on the sword and work therewith to the next opening so he may not Travel-after you with Setting-on.</p>
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<p>{{red|Step near in binding.<br/>The Pulling gives good findings.<br/>Pull, if he hits, Pull more,<br/>He finds work that does him woe.<br/>Pull all hits<br/>If you want to trick the Masters.}}</p>
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<p>Gloss: Mark that Pulling pertains to driving against the Masters who bind strongly on the sword, and in the bind of the swords remain standing still, and will wait to see if one will hew off, or will draw off from the sword before them so that they can then use Travelling-after to the opening. If you will trick or deceive those same Masters, then drive the Pulling against him thus: hew in from the right side above strongly to the head. If he then drives with the sword strongly forward with the hew and will parry, or hews to your sword, then pull your sword on you, before he binds on you, and stab into the other side. And do that against all hitting and binding on of the swords.</p>
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| <p>[116] {{red|b=1|Mark another Pulling:}}</p>
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<p>When he has bound on your sword, if he then stands against you in the bind and waits to see if you yourself will draw off from the sword, then do as if you will Pull, but remain on his sword, and Pull your sword on you as far as half the blade, and stab in quickly again into the face or the breast. If you do not hit him correctly with the stab, then work with the Doubling or otherwise with other techniques which are best.</p>
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Revision as of 02:42, 15 May 2016

Gloss and Interpretation of
the Recital on the Long Sword
die gloss und die auslegung der zettel
des langen schwert
Author(s) Unknown
Ascribed to Pseudo-Peter von Danzig
Illustrated by Unknown
Date before 1452
Genre
Language Early New High German
Archetype(s) Hypothetical
Principal
Manuscript(s)
Manuscript(s)
First Printed
English Edition
Tobler, 2010
Concordance by Michael Chidester
Translations

"Pseudo-Peter von Danzig" is the name given to an anonymous late 14th or early 15th century German fencing master.[1] Some time before the creation of the Codex 44.A.8 in 1452, he authored a gloss of Johannes Liechtenauer's Recital (Zettel) which would go on to become the most widespread in the tradition. While his identity remains unknown, it is possible that he was in fact Jud Lew or Sigmund Schining ein Ringeck, both of whose glosses show strong similarities to the work. On the other hand, the introduction to the Rome version of the text—the oldest currently extant—might be construed as attributing it to Liechtenauer himself.

Treatise

Early on in its history, this text seems to have split into two primary branches. The first branch, found in the Rome (1452), Krakow (1510-20), and Augsburg II (1564) versions, has slightly longer descriptions for many devices and is always accompanied by illustrations. The second branch, appearing first in the Augsburg I (1450s) and used in all extant versions except the three listed above, has shorter descriptions but a number of additional devices.

In order to achieve a greater degree of organization and readability, Liechtenauer's verse has been separated into its proper couplets in this presentation. The verse is laid out this way in the Augsburg I and Salzburg versions, but in most of the other manuscripts it is included inline.

Additional Resources

References

  1. This name stems from the false assumption of many 20th century writers identifying him with Peter von Danzig zum Ingolstadt.
  2. Squint here means "an askew glance", referring to both the sword's direction of travel and also the use of deception with the eyes with this hew.
  3. Letter erased and overwritten.