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Difference between revisions of "Pseudo-Peter von Danzig"

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<p>Gloss: Mark, that is when you hew in on him with the Wrath-hew, then shoot the long point into the face or breast as before described states. If he becomes aware of the point and parries strongly and presses your sword to the side, then wrench with your sword on his sword’s blade up over it, above off from his sword, and hew him to the other side, yet on his sword’s blade into the head. That is called “taking off above”.</p>
 
<p>Gloss: Mark, that is when you hew in on him with the Wrath-hew, then shoot the long point into the face or breast as before described states. If he becomes aware of the point and parries strongly and presses your sword to the side, then wrench with your sword on his sword’s blade up over it, above off from his sword, and hew him to the other side, yet on his sword’s blade into the head. That is called “taking off above”.</p>
 
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<p>Gloss: Mark this is when he has bound with you with a hew or with a stab, or otherwise on your sword, then you shall not too quickly leave his sword from the Winding before you very precisely mark if he is Soft or Hard in the bind, when one sword on the other clashes, and when you have found that first, then work Meanwhile with the Winding after the Soft and after the Hard, always to the next-standing opening as you hereafter become taught and trained in the techniques.</p>
 
<p>Gloss: Mark this is when he has bound with you with a hew or with a stab, or otherwise on your sword, then you shall not too quickly leave his sword from the Winding before you very precisely mark if he is Soft or Hard in the bind, when one sword on the other clashes, and when you have found that first, then work Meanwhile with the Winding after the Soft and after the Hard, always to the next-standing opening as you hereafter become taught and trained in the techniques.</p>
 
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| <p>[26] And how you shall drive the Windings, and how many there are, you will find described in the last technique of the Epitome, which says “Who well drives and correctly breaks…”</p>
 
| <p>[26] And how you shall drive the Windings, and how many there are, you will find described in the last technique of the Epitome, which says “Who well drives and correctly breaks…”</p>
 
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| <p>[28] That you shall thus understand: when you come to him with the pre-fencing, you shall always aim at the Four Openings, to whichever you may best come on, boldly without any fear with a hew or with a stab, and regard not what he drives or fences against you. Therewith you force the man so that he must parry you, and when he has parried, then search quickly in the parrying with the Winding on his sword yet to the next opening, and thus aim always at the openings of the man and fence not to the sword, as in the technique which says, “Set on four ends, learn to remain thereon, will you end.”</p>
 
| <p>[28] That you shall thus understand: when you come to him with the pre-fencing, you shall always aim at the Four Openings, to whichever you may best come on, boldly without any fear with a hew or with a stab, and regard not what he drives or fences against you. Therewith you force the man so that he must parry you, and when he has parried, then search quickly in the parrying with the Winding on his sword yet to the next opening, and thus aim always at the openings of the man and fence not to the sword, as in the technique which says, “Set on four ends, learn to remain thereon, will you end.”</p>
 
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<p>Mark, when he hews above to you from his right shoulder, then hew also from your right with him, likewise above strongly to the head. If he parries and remains Strong on the sword, then drive up Meanwhile with your arms and thrust your sword’s pommel with the left hand under your right arm, and strike in with the long edge with crossed arms behind his sword’s blade on his head.</p>
 
<p>Mark, when he hews above to you from his right shoulder, then hew also from your right with him, likewise above strongly to the head. If he parries and remains Strong on the sword, then drive up Meanwhile with your arms and thrust your sword’s pommel with the left hand under your right arm, and strike in with the long edge with crossed arms behind his sword’s blade on his head.</p>
 
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<p>Mark, when you hew strongly on him from above your right shoulder to the head, if he parries and is Soft on the sword, then Wind on your left side with your short edge on his sword and drive well up with the arms, and drive in with your sword’s blade above over his sword and stab into the lower opening.</p>
 
<p>Mark, when you hew strongly on him from above your right shoulder to the head, if he parries and is Soft on the sword, then Wind on your left side with your short edge on his sword and drive well up with the arms, and drive in with your sword’s blade above over his sword and stab into the lower opening.</p>
 
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<p>Mark, when you hew to his head from above your left side, if he parries and is Soft on the sword, then drive up with the arms and hang in the point above over his sword, and stab into the lower opening. Thus you may thereafter drive the two techniques from all hews as you find the Weak and Strong on the sword.</p>
 
<p>Mark, when you hew to his head from above your left side, if he parries and is Soft on the sword, then drive up with the arms and hang in the point above over his sword, and stab into the lower opening. Thus you may thereafter drive the two techniques from all hews as you find the Weak and Strong on the sword.</p>
 
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Revision as of 01:33, 17 May 2016

Gloss and Interpretation of
the Recital on the Long Sword
die gloss und die auslegung der zettel
des langen schwert
Author(s) Unknown
Ascribed to Pseudo-Peter von Danzig
Illustrated by Unknown
Date before 1452
Genre
Language Early New High German
Archetype(s) Hypothetical
Principal
Manuscript(s)
Manuscript(s)
First Printed
English Edition
Tobler, 2010
Concordance by Michael Chidester
Translations

"Pseudo-Peter von Danzig" is the name given to an anonymous late 14th or early 15th century German fencing master.[1] Some time before the creation of the Codex 44.A.8 in 1452, he authored a gloss of Johannes Liechtenauer's Recital (Zettel) which would go on to become the most widespread in the tradition. While his identity remains unknown, it is possible that he was in fact Jud Lew or Sigmund Schining ein Ringeck, both of whose glosses show strong similarities to the work. On the other hand, the introduction to the Rome version of the text—the oldest currently extant—might be construed as attributing it to Liechtenauer himself.

Treatise

Early on in its history, Pseudo-Peter von Danzig's gloss seems to have split into two primary branches, and no definite copies of the unaltered original are known to survive. The gloss of Sigmund Schining ain Ringeck also seems to be related to this work, due to the considerable overlap in text and contents, but the exact nature of this relationship is currently unclear.

Branch A, appearing first in the Augsburg version (1450s) and comprising the majority of extant copies, has more devices overall than the other branch (particularly in the extensive Salzburg version of 1491) but generally shorter descriptions in areas of overlap. It also includes glosses of Liechtenauer's Recital on long sword and mounted fencing only, and in lieu of a gloss of Liechtenauer's short sword it is generally accompanied by the short sword teachings of Andre Liegniczer and Martin Huntfeltz. Branch A was later used by Johannes Lecküchner as a source when he compiled his own gloss of a Recital on the Messer.

Branch B, only found in the Rome (1452), Krakow (1510-20), and Augsburg II (1564) versions, has slightly longer descriptions than Branch A, but fewer devices overall. It glosses Liechtenauer's entire Recital, including the Short Sword, and may therefore be considered more complete than Branch A; it also different from Branch A in that all three known copies are illustrated to some extent where none in the other branch are.

There is one version of the text that defies categorization into one branch or the other, that included in the Vienna manuscript (ca. 1480) along with Paulus Kal's work (thought Kal's level of involvement is unknown). The text of this version is more consistent with the generally shorter descriptions of Branch A, but the contents are more consistent with Branch B, lacking most of the unique devices of Branch A and including the gloss of the Short Sword. The Vienna version may thus be a copy of the original gloss before it split into these branches (or it may merely be an odd attempt by a scribe to synthesize the two branches into a single work).

While Branches A and B were formerly presented in a single combined document on this page, the differences between them are extensive enough that they merit separate consideration. Thus Branch A has been moved to the page of Jud Lew, to whom may be attributed the gloss on mounted fencing, while Branch B has been retained here. As the Vienna version cannot be cleanly assigned to one branch or the other, it will appear in both concordances for comparative purposes.

Additional Resources

References

  1. This name stems from the false assumption of many 20th century writers identifying him with Peter von Danzig zum Ingolstadt.
  2. Könnte auch als »thun« gelesen werden.
  3. Squint here means "an askew glance", referring to both the sword's direction of travel and also the use of deception with the eyes with this hew.
  4. Letter erased and overwritten.
  5. This text is a repetition of the first paragraph on folio 68r, but this is the illustration that corresponds to the text in Goliath (folio 54v).
  6. 6.0 6.1 Indecipherable due to an ink blotch.