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Difference between revisions of "Pseudo-Peter von Danzig"

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<p>When he has bound on your sword, if he then stands against you in the bind and waits to see if you yourself will draw off from the sword, then do as if you will Pull, but remain on his sword, and Pull your sword on you as far as half the blade, and stab in quickly again into the face or the breast. If you do not hit him correctly with the stab, then work with the Doubling or otherwise with other techniques which are best.</p>
 
<p>When he has bound on your sword, if he then stands against you in the bind and waits to see if you yourself will draw off from the sword, then do as if you will Pull, but remain on his sword, and Pull your sword on you as far as half the blade, and stab in quickly again into the face or the breast. If you do not hit him correctly with the stab, then work with the Doubling or otherwise with other techniques which are best.</p>
 
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<p>Mark, when he runs into you and drives high up with the arms and will overwhelm you above with strength, then drive also up with the arms, and hold your sword by the pommel over your head with your left hand and let the blade hang down behind over your back, and Run with your head through your arm against his right side, and spring with your right foot behind his right, and with the spring then drive in with your right arm against his left side in front, well around his body, and grasp him thus on your right hip and throw him before you backwards on his head.</p>
 
<p>Mark, when he runs into you and drives high up with the arms and will overwhelm you above with strength, then drive also up with the arms, and hold your sword by the pommel over your head with your left hand and let the blade hang down behind over your back, and Run with your head through your arm against his right side, and spring with your right foot behind his right, and with the spring then drive in with your right arm against his left side in front, well around his body, and grasp him thus on your right hip and throw him before you backwards on his head.</p>
 
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<p>If you will not strike, then spring with the right foot behind his left and drive in with the right arm in front or behind his neck and throw him thus over your right knee.</p>
 
<p>If you will not strike, then spring with the right foot behind his left and drive in with the right arm in front or behind his neck and throw him thus over your right knee.</p>
 
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<p>Mark, when he runs into you with the sword and is low with the hands, then let your left hand drive from the sword, and drive in with the right with the pommel out over his right hand and press therewith down, and grip him with the left hand by his right elbow, and spring with the left foot before his right and thrust him over thus.</p>
 
<p>Mark, when he runs into you with the sword and is low with the hands, then let your left hand drive from the sword, and drive in with the right with the pommel out over his right hand and press therewith down, and grip him with the left hand by his right elbow, and spring with the left foot before his right and thrust him over thus.</p>
 
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<p>Mark, when he runs into you with the sword, then let your sword fall and invert your right hand and grip his right outwardly therewith, and with the left grasp him by the right elbow, and spring with the left foot before his right, and thrust his right arm over your left with the right hand, and heave him over you therewith. Thus may you break his arm or throw him over the left leg before you if you want.</p>
 
<p>Mark, when he runs into you with the sword, then let your sword fall and invert your right hand and grip his right outwardly therewith, and with the left grasp him by the right elbow, and spring with the left foot before his right, and thrust his right arm over your left with the right hand, and heave him over you therewith. Thus may you break his arm or throw him over the left leg before you if you want.</p>
 
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<p>Mark, when he parries or otherwise binds on your sword, then grip both swords in the middle with the left hand on the blades, and hold them both fast together, and with the right hand drive with the pommel below through in front over both his hands, and press therewith upwards on your right side. Then you remain with both swords.</p>
 
<p>Mark, when he parries or otherwise binds on your sword, then grip both swords in the middle with the left hand on the blades, and hold them both fast together, and with the right hand drive with the pommel below through in front over both his hands, and press therewith upwards on your right side. Then you remain with both swords.</p>
 
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<p>When you fence-to him with Under-hewing, or lie in the guard Fool, if he then falls with the sword on yours nearby the hilt before you therewith come up, so that his point goes out to your right side, then drive up nimbly with the pommel over his sword and strike with the long edge to his head. Or if he binds on your sword so that his point goes out to your left side, then drive with the pommel over his sword and strike in with the short edge to his head. That is called the Snapping.</p>
 
<p>When you fence-to him with Under-hewing, or lie in the guard Fool, if he then falls with the sword on yours nearby the hilt before you therewith come up, so that his point goes out to your right side, then drive up nimbly with the pommel over his sword and strike with the long edge to his head. Or if he binds on your sword so that his point goes out to your left side, then drive with the pommel over his sword and strike in with the short edge to his head. That is called the Snapping.</p>
 
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<p>When he binds you on your sword to your left side and strikes therewith quickly again around with the left foot on your right side, then fall in with the long edge above over both arms and press with the slice from you. You shall always drive that to both sides when he strikes around from the parrying, or hews from the sword.</p>
 
<p>When he binds you on your sword to your left side and strikes therewith quickly again around with the left foot on your right side, then fall in with the long edge above over both arms and press with the slice from you. You shall always drive that to both sides when he strikes around from the parrying, or hews from the sword.</p>
 
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<p>That the two Under-slices pertain to driving against the fencers that like to run in with outstretched arms, that drive thus: when he binds on your sword and drives high up with the arms and runs into you on your left side, then invert your sword so that your thumb comes below, and fall in with the long edge under the pommel in his arm and press upward with the slice.</p>
 
<p>That the two Under-slices pertain to driving against the fencers that like to run in with outstretched arms, that drive thus: when he binds on your sword and drives high up with the arms and runs into you on your left side, then invert your sword so that your thumb comes below, and fall in with the long edge under the pommel in his arm and press upward with the slice.</p>
 
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| <p>[133] {{red|b=1|Or}} if he runs with out-stretched arms to your right side, then invert your sword so that your thumb comes below and fall in with the short edge under his pommel in the arms and press upwards with the slice. Those are the Four Slices.</p>
 
| <p>[133] {{red|b=1|Or}} if he runs with out-stretched arms to your right side, then invert your sword so that your thumb comes below and fall in with the short edge under his pommel in the arms and press upwards with the slice. Those are the Four Slices.</p>
 
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| <p>[135] {{red|b=1|Or,}} if he runs in with up-stretched arms to your right side, then turn your sword against his arms under the pommel with the short edge and press fast upwards, and step therewith on his left side and let the pommel go through below and turn your sword with the long edge over his arm and press from you with the slice.</p>
 
| <p>[135] {{red|b=1|Or,}} if he runs in with up-stretched arms to your right side, then turn your sword against his arms under the pommel with the short edge and press fast upwards, and step therewith on his left side and let the pommel go through below and turn your sword with the long edge over his arm and press from you with the slice.</p>
 
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| <p>[137] Also you shall therefrom drive the four Windings, and from each Winding feature a hew, a stab, and a slice, and otherwise also drive all driving as from the two upper hangings.</p>
 
| <p>[137] Also you shall therefrom drive the four Windings, and from each Winding feature a hew, a stab, and a slice, and otherwise also drive all driving as from the two upper hangings.</p>
 
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<p>When you go to him with the pre-fencing with whatever hew you then come on him, whether it be a Under or an Over-hew, then let the long point always shoot in to the face or the breast with the hew. Therewith you force him so that he must parry you, or bind on the sword, and when he thus has bound on, then remain strongly with the long edge on the sword and stand freely and see his business; what he further against you will fence. If he pulls off backwards from the sword, then follow after him with the point to the opening. Or, if he strikes around from the sword to the other side, then bind after his hew strongly above to his head. Or, if he will not draw off from the sword or strike around, then work with the Doubling or otherwise with other techniques thereafter as you find him soft or hard on the sword.</p>
 
<p>When you go to him with the pre-fencing with whatever hew you then come on him, whether it be a Under or an Over-hew, then let the long point always shoot in to the face or the breast with the hew. Therewith you force him so that he must parry you, or bind on the sword, and when he thus has bound on, then remain strongly with the long edge on the sword and stand freely and see his business; what he further against you will fence. If he pulls off backwards from the sword, then follow after him with the point to the opening. Or, if he strikes around from the sword to the other side, then bind after his hew strongly above to his head. Or, if he will not draw off from the sword or strike around, then work with the Doubling or otherwise with other techniques thereafter as you find him soft or hard on the sword.</p>
 
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<p>And is also called the Speaking-Window. Mark, when you just about come to him with the pre-fencing, then set the left foot before and hold the long point with the arms against his face or his breast before you bind him on the sword, and stand freely and see what he will fence against you. If he then hews long above in to the head, then drive up and Wind against his hew with the sword in the Ox, and stab into his face. Or if he hews to your sword and not to your body, then Change through and stab in to the other side. If he runs in and is high with the arms, then drive the Under-slice. Or if he runs in through with wrestling and is low with the arms, then drive the arm wrestling. Thus you may drive all techniques from the Long Point. If he is low with the arms, then await the arm wrestling. Thus you may drive all techniques from the Long Point.</p>
 
<p>And is also called the Speaking-Window. Mark, when you just about come to him with the pre-fencing, then set the left foot before and hold the long point with the arms against his face or his breast before you bind him on the sword, and stand freely and see what he will fence against you. If he then hews long above in to the head, then drive up and Wind against his hew with the sword in the Ox, and stab into his face. Or if he hews to your sword and not to your body, then Change through and stab in to the other side. If he runs in and is high with the arms, then drive the Under-slice. Or if he runs in through with wrestling and is low with the arms, then drive the arm wrestling. Thus you may drive all techniques from the Long Point. If he is low with the arms, then await the arm wrestling. Thus you may drive all techniques from the Long Point.</p>
 
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<p>These are the first two Windings from the Ox on the right side alone, drive them thus: When you come to him with the pre-fencing, then stand with the left foot before and hold your sword on your right side before your head in the Ox. If he then hews from above on his right side, then Wind on your left side against his hew with the short edge on his sword, yet still in the Ox, and stab above into the face. This is one Winding.</p>
 
<p>These are the first two Windings from the Ox on the right side alone, drive them thus: When you come to him with the pre-fencing, then stand with the left foot before and hold your sword on your right side before your head in the Ox. If he then hews from above on his right side, then Wind on your left side against his hew with the short edge on his sword, yet still in the Ox, and stab above into the face. This is one Winding.</p>
 
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Line 1,681: Line 1,701:
 
<p>When you come to him with the pre-fencing, then stand on your left side in the Ox, and if he hews then above in from his left side, then Wind against his hew on your right side with the long edge on his sword and stab above in to the face. That is one Winding.</p>
 
<p>When you come to him with the pre-fencing, then stand on your left side in the Ox, and if he hews then above in from his left side, then Wind against his hew on your right side with the long edge on his sword and stab above in to the face. That is one Winding.</p>
 
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Line 1,691: Line 1,711:
 
<p>If he parries the stab and presses your sword to the side, then remain on the sword and Wind on your left side yet in the Ox with the long edge on his sword, and stab in above to the face. These are the four Windings from the upper two hangers on the left and on the right side.</p>
 
<p>If he parries the stab and presses your sword to the side, then remain on the sword and Wind on your left side yet in the Ox with the long edge on his sword, and stab in above to the face. These are the four Windings from the upper two hangers on the left and on the right side.</p>
 
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<p>That you may not rightly drive the Eight Windings except with stepping from both sides, and that you prove not more than the two drivings well before, which are when he binds on your sword, he is but Soft or Hard in his driving. When you have found that first, then Wind and work to the Four Openings as described before states. Also know that all fencers that Wind on the sword and cannot Feel on the sword, they become struck by the Winding. Therefore be diligent so that you well mark the Feeling and the word Meanwhile, when from these two things go all the Art of Fencing.</p>
 
<p>That you may not rightly drive the Eight Windings except with stepping from both sides, and that you prove not more than the two drivings well before, which are when he binds on your sword, he is but Soft or Hard in his driving. When you have found that first, then Wind and work to the Four Openings as described before states. Also know that all fencers that Wind on the sword and cannot Feel on the sword, they become struck by the Winding. Therefore be diligent so that you well mark the Feeling and the word Meanwhile, when from these two things go all the Art of Fencing.</p>
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Revision as of 02:30, 19 May 2016

Gloss and Interpretation of
the Recital on the Long Sword
die gloss und die auslegung der zettel
des langen schwert
Author(s) Unknown
Ascribed to Pseudo-Peter von Danzig
Illustrated by Unknown
Date before 1452
Genre
Language Early New High German
Archetype(s) Hypothetical
Principal
Manuscript(s)
Manuscript(s)
First Printed
English Edition
Tobler, 2010
Concordance by Michael Chidester
Translations

"Pseudo-Peter von Danzig" is the name given to an anonymous late 14th or early 15th century German fencing master.[1] Some time before the creation of the Codex 44.A.8 in 1452, he authored a gloss of Johannes Liechtenauer's Recital (Zettel) which would go on to become the most widespread in the tradition. While his identity remains unknown, it is possible that he was in fact Jud Lew or Sigmund Schining ein Ringeck, both of whose glosses show strong similarities to the work. On the other hand, the introduction to the Rome version of the text—the oldest currently extant—might be construed as attributing it to Liechtenauer himself.

Treatise

Early on in its history, Pseudo-Peter von Danzig's gloss seems to have split into two primary branches, and no definite copies of the unaltered original are known to survive. The gloss of Sigmund Schining ain Ringeck also seems to be related to this work, due to the considerable overlap in text and contents, but the exact nature of this relationship is currently unclear.

Branch A, appearing first in the Augsburg version (1450s) and comprising the majority of extant copies, has more devices overall than the other branch (particularly in the extensive Salzburg version of 1491) but generally shorter descriptions in areas of overlap. It also includes glosses of Liechtenauer's Recital on long sword and mounted fencing only, and in lieu of a gloss of Liechtenauer's short sword it is generally accompanied by the short sword teachings of Andre Liegniczer and Martin Huntfeltz. Apart from containing the most content, the Salzburg version is notable for including nine paragraphs of text that are not found in any other version of Pseudo-Peter von Danzig but do appear in Ringeck; this predates all known copies of Ringeck's text, but is another indicator of some connection between the works. Branch A was later used by Johannes Lecküchner as a source when he compiled his own gloss of a Recital on the Messer.

Branch B, appearing first in the Rome version (1452), is found in only four manuscripts; it has slightly longer descriptions than Branch A, but fewer devices overall. Branch B glosses Liechtenauer's entire Recital, including the short sword section, and may therefore be considered more complete than Branch A; it also different from Branch A in that three of the four known copies are illustrated to some extent where none in the other branch are. The Krakow version (1510-20) seems to be an incomplete (though extensively illustrated) copy taken directly from the Rome, while Augsburg II (1564) is taken from the Krakow but only includes the six illustrated devices of wrestling from the Krakow and their respective captions. Even more anomalous is the Glasgow version, which only consists of a sizeable fragment of the short sword gloss (hence its assignation to Branch B), and this is appended to a fragment of Ringeck's short sword gloss; since it accompanies Ringeck's long sword and mounted fencing glosses, a possible explanation is that the scribe lacked a complete copy of Ringeck's short sword gloss and tried to fill in the deficit with another similar text.

There is one version of the Pseudo-Peter von Danzig gloss that defies categorization into either branch, namely the Vienna version included in a 1480 manuscript along with Paulus Kal's work (Kal's personal level of involvement is unknown). The text of this version is more consistent with the generally shorter descriptions of Branch A, but the overall contents more closely match Branch B, lacking most of the unique devices of Branch A and including the gloss of the short sword. The Vienna version may therefore be a copy of the original gloss before it split into these branches (or it may merely be an odd attempt by a scribe to synthesize the two branches into a single, shorter work).

While Branches A and B were formerly presented in a single concordance in this article, the differences between them were revealed thereby to be extensive enough that they merit separate consideration. Thus Branch A has been placed on the page of Jud Lew, to whom is seemingly attributed the gloss on mounted fencing, while Branch B has been retained here. As the Vienna version cannot be cleanly assigned to one branch or the other, it appears in both concordances for comparative purposes.

Additional Resources

References

  1. This name stems from the false assumption of many 20th century writers identifying him with Peter von Danzig zum Ingolstadt.
  2. Könnte auch als »thun« gelesen werden.
  3. Squint here means "an askew glance", referring to both the sword's direction of travel and also the use of deception with the eyes with this hew.
  4. Letter erased and overwritten.
  5. This text is a repetition of the first paragraph on folio 68r, but this is the illustration that corresponds to the text in Goliath (folio 54v).
  6. Korrigiert aus »das«.
  7. 7.0 7.1 Indecipherable due to an ink blotch.
  8. Steht nach der nächsten Zeile.
  9. Steht nach der nächsten Zeile.