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Difference between revisions of "Pseudo-Peter von Danzig"

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| <p>[1] {{red|b=1|All raise yourself here to the analysis and interpretation of the verses on the art of combat fencing}}</p>
  
 
<p>Those composed and devised by Johannes Liechtenawer, who was the one high master of the art and well respected and so that princes and gentlemen Knights and squires hear the art so that they then learn and shall know Thus the art has been allowed to be written with concealed and considered words This is so that not every man who hears it shall even understand it and if this is done through an irresponsible fightmaster's will then your art will be lessened because of it, similarly your art shall then not be open but vulgar, so direct the art that it not become widely heard as in hear the art and conceal the same and consider the words on combat fencing that stand after here and then are clarified In the comments and laid out so that any man can retain well and will understand if he knows other fencing.</p>
 
<p>Those composed and devised by Johannes Liechtenawer, who was the one high master of the art and well respected and so that princes and gentlemen Knights and squires hear the art so that they then learn and shall know Thus the art has been allowed to be written with concealed and considered words This is so that not every man who hears it shall even understand it and if this is done through an irresponsible fightmaster's will then your art will be lessened because of it, similarly your art shall then not be open but vulgar, so direct the art that it not become widely heard as in hear the art and conceal the same and consider the words on combat fencing that stand after here and then are clarified In the comments and laid out so that any man can retain well and will understand if he knows other fencing.</p>
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<p>Young Knight<br/>learn to have God's love and women honour<br/>Thus grow your honour<br/>upon Knightlyhood and learning<br/>Art you must sieze<br/>and honour courtesy in war<br/>Wrestle well trap<br/>Lance spear sword and messer<br/>wield skillfully<br/>and in other hands ruin<br/>strike in and hard there<br/>Rush him stepping or in driving<br/>That the wisdom<br/>that one keeps sees praise<br/>Thereon you retain and have<br/>all the length and breadth of the art.</p>
 
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<p>{{red|He who dismounts<br/>begins fencing on foot}}</p>
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<p>Analysis: Mark this is a lesson one can fence in harness on foot and on horse And this is as you should both realise and also well know and when it happens that you shall strike or fence with one on horse and it appears to you that he will injure or overpower you. Then dismount onto your feet and fight him with the art described as follows.</p>
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<p>{{red|He places his spear<br/>two stances to wield weapons right}}</p>
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<p>Analysis: mark that when you step off of the horse Then at first you should keep to hand two stances The first stance is how you shall fight with the lance The second is how you shall resort to the sword Also you shall know two particular stances with the lance. The first stance is taken to oppose him who stays on his horse The second stance is taken to oppose him if he also dismounts against the two stances You should rightly know the plays to then deploy that which will be clarified next. </p>
 
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Revision as of 02:45, 19 May 2016

Gloss and Interpretation of
the Recital on the Long Sword
die gloss und die auslegung der zettel
des langen schwert
Author(s) Unknown
Ascribed to Pseudo-Peter von Danzig
Illustrated by Unknown
Date before 1452
Genre
Language Early New High German
Archetype(s) Hypothetical
Principal
Manuscript(s)
Manuscript(s)
First Printed
English Edition
Tobler, 2010
Concordance by Michael Chidester
Translations

"Pseudo-Peter von Danzig" is the name given to an anonymous late 14th or early 15th century German fencing master.[1] Some time before the creation of the Codex 44.A.8 in 1452, he authored a gloss of Johannes Liechtenauer's Recital (Zettel) which would go on to become the most widespread in the tradition. While his identity remains unknown, it is possible that he was in fact Jud Lew or Sigmund Schining ein Ringeck, both of whose glosses show strong similarities to the work. On the other hand, the introduction to the Rome version of the text—the oldest currently extant—might be construed as attributing it to Liechtenauer himself.

Treatise

Early on in its history, Pseudo-Peter von Danzig's gloss seems to have split into two primary branches, and no definite copies of the unaltered original are known to survive. The gloss of Sigmund Schining ain Ringeck also seems to be related to this work, due to the considerable overlap in text and contents, but the exact nature of this relationship is currently unclear.

Branch A, appearing first in the Augsburg version (1450s) and comprising the majority of extant copies, has more devices overall than the other branch (particularly in the extensive Salzburg version of 1491) but generally shorter descriptions in areas of overlap. It also includes glosses of Liechtenauer's Recital on long sword and mounted fencing only, and in lieu of a gloss of Liechtenauer's short sword it is generally accompanied by the short sword teachings of Andre Liegniczer and Martin Huntfeltz. Apart from containing the most content, the Salzburg version is notable for including nine paragraphs of text that are not found in any other version of Pseudo-Peter von Danzig but do appear in Ringeck; this predates all known copies of Ringeck's text, but is another indicator of some connection between the works. Branch A was later used by Johannes Lecküchner as a source when he compiled his own gloss of a Recital on the Messer.

Branch B, appearing first in the Rome version (1452), is found in only four manuscripts; it has slightly longer descriptions than Branch A, but fewer devices overall. Branch B glosses Liechtenauer's entire Recital, including the short sword section, and may therefore be considered more complete than Branch A; it also different from Branch A in that three of the four known copies are illustrated to some extent where none in the other branch are. The Krakow version (1510-20) seems to be an incomplete (though extensively illustrated) copy taken directly from the Rome, while Augsburg II (1564) is taken from the Krakow but only includes the six illustrated devices of wrestling from the Krakow and their respective captions. Even more anomalous is the Glasgow version, which only consists of a sizeable fragment of the short sword gloss (hence its assignation to Branch B), and this is appended to a fragment of Ringeck's short sword gloss; since it accompanies Ringeck's long sword and mounted fencing glosses, a possible explanation is that the scribe lacked a complete copy of Ringeck's short sword gloss and tried to fill in the deficit with another similar text.

There is one version of the Pseudo-Peter von Danzig gloss that defies categorization into either branch, namely the Vienna version included in a 1480 manuscript along with Paulus Kal's work (Kal's personal level of involvement is unknown). The text of this version is more consistent with the generally shorter descriptions of Branch A, but the overall contents more closely match Branch B, lacking most of the unique devices of Branch A and including the gloss of the short sword. The Vienna version may therefore be a copy of the original gloss before it split into these branches (or it may merely be an odd attempt by a scribe to synthesize the two branches into a single, shorter work).

While Branches A and B were formerly presented in a single concordance in this article, the differences between them were revealed thereby to be extensive enough that they merit separate consideration. Thus Branch A has been placed on the page of Jud Lew, to whom is seemingly attributed the gloss on mounted fencing, while Branch B has been retained here. As the Vienna version cannot be cleanly assigned to one branch or the other, it appears in both concordances for comparative purposes.

Additional Resources

References

  1. This name stems from the false assumption of many 20th century writers identifying him with Peter von Danzig zum Ingolstadt.
  2. Könnte auch als »thun« gelesen werden.
  3. Squint here means "an askew glance", referring to both the sword's direction of travel and also the use of deception with the eyes with this hew.
  4. Letter erased and overwritten.
  5. This text is a repetition of the first paragraph on folio 68r, but this is the illustration that corresponds to the text in Goliath (folio 54v).
  6. Korrigiert aus »das«.
  7. 7.0 7.1 Indecipherable due to an ink blotch.
  8. Steht nach der nächsten Zeile.
  9. Steht nach der nächsten Zeile.