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(Some updates to the mounted and armored fencing translations)
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| {{red|Direct your spear<br/>&emsp;Against riding, make useless}}
 
| {{red|Direct your spear<br/>&emsp;Against riding, make useless}}
 
|}
 
|}
<p>Gloss: Note, this is when you ride with your lance, and someone against you, also with one, you shall, before all cases, know three guards with it, and from the guards you shall [go] to him by hand. The first, in the raising with your lance, they are settings-aside with art and with strength, so that you therefore hit him with it.</p>
+
<p>Gloss: Note, this is when you ride with your lance, and someone against you, also with one, you shall, before all cases, know three guards with it, and from the guards you shall [go] to him by hand. The first, when wielding your lance, they are settings-aside with art and with strength, so that you therefore hit him with it.</p>
  
 
<p>{{red|b=1|The twenty-first figure teaches this,}} which says “The strength in the raising, arrange yourself in it correctly.”</p>
 
<p>{{red|b=1|The twenty-first figure teaches this,}} which says “The strength in the raising, arrange yourself in it correctly.”</p>
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|-  
 
|-  
 
| [[File:MS Germ.Quart.2020 174r.jpg|350px|center]]
 
| [[File:MS Germ.Quart.2020 174r.jpg|350px|center]]
| <p>[25] {{red|b=1|Here note the text and the gloss about the pocket}}</p>
+
| <p>[25] {{red|b=1|Here note the text and the gloss about the tasset}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 2,064: Line 2,064:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>7</small>
 
| <small>7</small>
| {{red|Correctly grasp the strong<br/>&emsp;Pocket hew, you search and note}}
+
| {{red|Correctly grasp the strong<br/>&emsp;Tasset<ref>A “tasset” is a piece of armor that covers the side of the thigh. It is possible that the last part of this hew aims for a gap in the armor on the back of the leg. </ref> hew, you search and note}}
 
|}
 
|}
 
<p>Gloss: Note, this is if you both will come from the lance and shall fence with swords, note when you ride to him, that your sword lies on the left arm in the guard, and ride to him likewise under eyes to his right side. If he then hews onto you or stabs you to the face, then rise and parry so that your point stands against his right side, and stab him indes to the face. If he parries the stab and rises high with it, then hew with the long edge to the reins or to the left hand.</p>
 
<p>Gloss: Note, this is if you both will come from the lance and shall fence with swords, note when you ride to him, that your sword lies on the left arm in the guard, and ride to him likewise under eyes to his right side. If he then hews onto you or stabs you to the face, then rise and parry so that your point stands against his right side, and stab him indes to the face. If he parries the stab and rises high with it, then hew with the long edge to the reins or to the left hand.</p>
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<p>{{red|b=1|Or,}} if the horse makes a fool out of you, then hew to his right leg in the running away.</p>
 
<p>{{red|b=1|Or,}} if the horse makes a fool out of you, then hew to his right leg in the running away.</p>
  
<p>{{red|b=1|The seventh figure teaches this,}} which says “Here, begin to search the man for the pocket hew.”</p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|The seventh figure teaches this,}} which says “Here, begin to search the man for the tasset hew.”</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 042r.jpg|6|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 042v.jpg|1|lbl=42v|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 042r.jpg|6|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 042v.jpg|1|lbl=42v|p=1}}
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|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>8</small>
 
| <small>8</small>
| {{red|Learn to pour well strong<br/>&emsp;All hits without danger, distress him with it}}
+
| {{red|Learn to compel well strong<br/>&emsp;All hits without danger, distress him with it}}
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>9</small>
 
| <small>9</small>
 
| {{red|Plant without danger<br/>&emsp;Hang to his hair}}
 
| {{red|Plant without danger<br/>&emsp;Hang to his hair}}
 
|}
 
|}
<p>Gloss: Note, this is that you shall always bind strong to his sword with all hews and in all movements, and distress<ref>look into this, "''in nöten''"</ref> him at the sword, and force with the point, and artfully attempt, if you may plant to him. If he parries and rides near to you with it, then rise with the pommel from below through his sword to the top of his left shoulder around the neck, and come with the left hand behind his back to your pommel to help,<ref>''zu hilff'' - to help</ref> and pull him in front of you onto the side.</p>
+
<p>Gloss: Note, this is that you shall always bind strong to his sword with all hews and in all movements, and endanger him at the sword, and force with the point, and artfully attempt, if you may plant to him. If he parries and rides near to you with it, then rise with the pommel from below through his sword to the top of his left shoulder around the neck, and come with the left hand behind his back to your pommel to help,<ref>''zu hilff'' - to help</ref> and pull him in front of you onto the side.</p>
  
<p>{{red|b=1|The sixth figure<ref>This is wrong, it is the 5th figure.</ref> teaches this,}} which says “The pouring goes before all hits, hews, and stabs.”</p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|The sixth figure<ref>This is wrong, it is the 5th figure.</ref> teaches this,}} which says “The compelling precedes all successful hews and stabs.”</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 042v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 042v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
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|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>15</small>
 
| <small>15</small>
| {{red|The sheep hold wards<br/>&emsp;Wrestle whoever turns themselves to you}}
+
| {{red|The sheep hold wards<br/>&emsp;Whoever turns themselves to you with wrestling}}
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>16</small>
 
| <small>16</small>
Line 2,321: Line 2,321:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>21</small>
 
| <small>21</small>
| {{red|Pour the strong<br/>&emsp;Plant, distress him with it}}
+
| {{red|Compel the strong<br/>&emsp;Plant, endanger him with it}}
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>22</small>
 
| <small>22</small>
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<p>Gloss: Note, this is when you ride to his left side, you shall also bind strongly to his sword, and assess whether you may plant to him. With it, you force him so that you may well come to other plays.</p>
 
<p>Gloss: Note, this is when you ride to his left side, you shall also bind strongly to his sword, and assess whether you may plant to him. With it, you force him so that you may well come to other plays.</p>
  
<p>{{red|b=1|The 20th figure teaches you this,}} which says “Pour against all hits, which always become.”</p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|The 20th figure teaches you this,}} which says “Compel against all hits, which will always be.”</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 047r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 047r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
|  
 
|  
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| {{red|Feel for his sword<br/>&emsp;Wrestle, shove with firmness}}
 
| {{red|Feel for his sword<br/>&emsp;Wrestle, shove with firmness}}
 
|}
 
|}
<p>Gloss: Note, this is if you have no choice but to ride to his left side, if you then have a sword, and he also has one, then lay yours on the left arm in the guard. If he then hews in above to the head, then rise and parry with the long edge so that your point stands to your left side, and ride to him, and grab his right hand with your left, and shove him with the pommel under the face.</p>
+
<p>Gloss: Note, this is if you have no choice but to ride to his left side, if you then have a sword, and he also has one, then lay yours on the left arm in the guard. If he then hews in above to the head, then rise and parry with the long edge so that your point stands to your left side, and ride to him, and grab his right hand with your left, and bash him with the pommel under the face.</p>
  
 
<p>{{red|b=1|The 17th figure teaches this,}} which says “If you hunt left, then fall upon sword’s pommel, shove under eyes.”</p>
 
<p>{{red|b=1|The 17th figure teaches this,}} which says “If you hunt left, then fall upon sword’s pommel, shove under eyes.”</p>
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|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small></small>
 
| <small></small>
| Grasp yourself upon this<br/>&emsp;arts have length and measure
+
| Grasp yourself upon this<br/>&emsp;arts have distance and moderation
 
|}
 
|}
 
|  
 
|  
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|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>2</small>
 
| <small>2</small>
| {{red|He arranges his spear<br/>&emsp;Two stances, lifting correct weapons}}
+
| {{red|He arranges his spear<br/>&emsp;Two stances, wielding correct weapons}}
 
|}
 
|}
 
<p>Gloss: Note, this is when you have dismounted from the horse, you shall first meanwhile know to raise two stances by hand. The first stance is how you shall arrange yourself with the lance in combat. The second is how you shall arrange yourself with the sword. You shall also know two particular stances with the lance. The first stance is and pertains to him if he remains on the horse. The second stance pertains to him if he also dismounts. You shall also know to correctly drive the plays against the two stances, which will be explained to you hereafter nearest.</p>
 
<p>Gloss: Note, this is when you have dismounted from the horse, you shall first meanwhile know to raise two stances by hand. The first stance is how you shall arrange yourself with the lance in combat. The second is how you shall arrange yourself with the sword. You shall also know two particular stances with the lance. The first stance is and pertains to him if he remains on the horse. The second stance pertains to him if he also dismounts. You shall also know to correctly drive the plays against the two stances, which will be explained to you hereafter nearest.</p>
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| {{red|From both hands<br/>&emsp;If you desire to end with art}}
 
| {{red|From both hands<br/>&emsp;If you desire to end with art}}
 
|}
 
|}
<p>Gloss: Note, this is when you want to artfully end with wrestling, you shall know to drive the wrestles from both side, and hear it as follows: When [you] jump to him with the right foot behind his left as stands written before, if he then steps back with the left foot in the jump or while you jump, then step after him quickly with the left foot behind his right, and drive the lock and the trap, which you have heard before.</p>
+
<p>Gloss: Note, this is when you want to artfully end with wrestling, you shall know to drive the wrestles from both sides, and hear it as follows: When [you] jump to him with the right foot behind his left as stands written before, if he then steps back with the left foot in the jump or while you jump, then step after him quickly with the left foot behind his right, and drive the lock and the trap, which you have heard before.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 057r.jpg|1|lbl=57r}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 057r.jpg|1|lbl=57r}}
 
|  
 
|  
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| {{red|Find to lock<br/>&emsp;Overcome the strong with it}}
 
| {{red|Find to lock<br/>&emsp;Overcome the strong with it}}
 
|}
 
|}
<p>Gloss: Note, this is if you may not come with the planting, because you run in with him<ref>Glasgow version adds "him"</ref> to the previously written openings, then assess that you bring the wrestles wisely to scale,<ref>G. "wisely and masterfully".</ref> and drive those which are forbidden from all wise masters of the sword, so that one shall allow no sport fencers<ref>G. "students".</ref> to learn nor see them on public competitions. Therefore, they pertain to the combat. They are arm breaks, and leg breaks, and knee shoves, and testicle shoves, and finger dislocations, and eye gouges, and a stronger person shall therefore become locked with the plays, so that he may well not relish his strength there, and note that in the next wrestle written hereafter.</p>
+
<p>Gloss: Note, this is if you may not come with the planting, because you run in with him<ref>Glasgow version adds "him"</ref> to the previously written openings, then assess that you bring the wrestles wisely to scale,<ref>G. "wisely and masterfully".</ref> and drive those which are forbidden from all wise masters of the sword, so that one shall allow no sport fencers<ref>G. "students".</ref> to learn nor see them on public competitions. Therefore, they pertain to the combat. They are arm breaks, and leg breaks, and knee shoves, and testicle bashes, and finger dislocations, and eye gouges, and a stronger person shall therefore become locked with the plays, so that he may well not relish his strength there, and note that in the next wrestle written hereafter.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 058v.jpg|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 059r.jpg|1|lbl=59r|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 058v.jpg|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 059r.jpg|1|lbl=59r|p=1}}
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| <p>[32] {{red|b=1|A wrestle and a murder shove}}</p>
 
| <p>[32] {{red|b=1|A wrestle and a murder shove}}</p>
  
<p>Note, when you have grappled him by the arms and he against you, if he has then set a foot forward and holds it stretched, then shove him with a foot onto the same knee, or shove him to the testicles, and make sure that he does not grip the same foot which you have shoved to him with.</p>
+
<p>Note, when you have grappled him by the arms and he against you, if he has then set a foot forward and holds it stretched, then bash him with a foot onto the same knee, or bash him to the testicles, and make sure that he does not grip the same foot which you have shoved to him with.</p>
  
 
<p>Or, when you set a foot forwards, bend the knee in front of you, so he may not harm you with the shove to the knee.</p>
 
<p>Or, when you set a foot forwards, bend the knee in front of you, so he may not harm you with the shove to the knee.</p>
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|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>21</small>
 
| <small>21</small>
| {{red|So one shall strengthen<br/>&emsp;Correctly precisely note the pouring}}
+
| {{red|So one shall strengthen<br/>&emsp;Correctly precisely note the compelling}}
 
|}
 
|}
 
<p>Gloss: Note, this is a lesson, if you both have thrown the lance, and shall fight with the swords, then you shall, before all cases, know the four guards with the short sword. From them you shall always strongly stab him to the face.<ref>"the face" omitted in the Glasgow.</ref> If he then stabs in equally with you or parries, then remain strong at the sword with the point in front of the face or in front of the chest, and note precisely if he is soft or hard at the sword. If he is strong, then drive the plays which belong against the strong, or if he is soft, then rather drive what pertains to the weak, as will be explained to you hereafter in the plays which one drives out of the four guards.<ref>Clause omitted from the Glasgow.</ref></p>
 
<p>Gloss: Note, this is a lesson, if you both have thrown the lance, and shall fight with the swords, then you shall, before all cases, know the four guards with the short sword. From them you shall always strongly stab him to the face.<ref>"the face" omitted in the Glasgow.</ref> If he then stabs in equally with you or parries, then remain strong at the sword with the point in front of the face or in front of the chest, and note precisely if he is soft or hard at the sword. If he is strong, then drive the plays which belong against the strong, or if he is soft, then rather drive what pertains to the weak, as will be explained to you hereafter in the plays which one drives out of the four guards.<ref>Clause omitted from the Glasgow.</ref></p>
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| <p>[99] {{red|b=1|Here note the work with the dagger in combat}}</p>
 
| <p>[99] {{red|b=1|Here note the work with the dagger in combat}}</p>
  
<p>Now you shall know that the biggest part of all combat fencing in armor comes to the last to the dagger fencing, and to the wrestling. Therefore note, when you run in with him, otherwise don’t wait when wrestling, and let your dagger stick in the scabbard, because you may not hurt him with it through the armor while he stands in front of you, and hinders you in the hand, because you shall grasp him with wrestling, or when you have thrown him, and have been powerful, then first work with the dagger to the openings of the armor which will be explained to you next, and are to be explained.</p>
+
<p>Now you shall know that the greatest part of all combat fencing in armor comes to the last to the dagger fencing, and to the wrestling. Therefore note, when you run in with him, otherwise don’t wait when wrestling, and let your dagger stick in the scabbard, because you may not hurt him with it through the armor while he stands in front of you, and hinders you in the hand, because you shall grasp him with wrestling, or when you have thrown him, and have been powerful, then first work with the dagger to the openings of the armor which will be explained to you next, and are to be explained.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 071v.jpg|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 072r.jpg|1|lbl=72r|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 071v.jpg|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 072r.jpg|1|lbl=72r|p=1}}

Revision as of 20:09, 22 November 2018

Gloss and Interpretation of
the Recital on the Long Sword
die gloss und die auslegung der zettel
des langen schwerts
Johannes Liechtenauer.jpg
Author(s) Unknown
Ascribed to Pseudo-Peter von Danzig
Illustrated by Unknown
Date before 1452
Genre
Language Early New High German
State of Existence Original hypothetical;
multiple branches exist
Principal
Manuscript(s)
Cod. 44.A.8 (1452)
Manuscript(s)
First Printed
English Edition
Tobler, 2010
Concordance by Michael Chidester
Translations

"Pseudo-Peter von Danzig" is the name given to an anonymous late 14th or early 15th century German fencing master.[1] Some time before the creation of the Codex 44.A.8 in 1452, he authored a gloss of Johannes Liechtenauer's Recital (Zettel) which would go on to become the most widespread in the tradition. While the identity of the glossator remains unknown, it is possible that he was in fact Jud Lew or Sigmund ain Ringeck, both of whose glosses show strong similarities to the work. On the other hand, the introduction to the Rome version of the text could be construed as attributing it to Liechtenauer himself.

Stemma

Early on in its history, the Pseudo-Peter von Danzig gloss seems to have split into two or three primary branches, and no definite copies of the unaltered original are known to survive. The gloss of Sigmund ain Ringeck also seems to be related to this work, due to the considerable overlap in text and contents, but it is currently unclear if Ringeck's gloss is based on that of pseudo-Danzig or if they both derive from an even earlier original gloss (or even if Ringeck and pseudo-Danzig are the same author and the "Ringeck" gloss should be considered Branch D).

Branch A, first attested in the Augsburg version (1450s) and comprising the majority of extant copies, has more devices overall than Branch B but generally shorter descriptions in areas of overlap. It also glosses only Liechtenauer's Recital on long sword and mounted fencing; in lieu of a gloss of Liechtenauer's short sword, it is generally accompanied by the short sword teachings of Andre Liegniczer and Martin Huntfeltz (or, in the case of the 1512 Vienna II, Ringeck's short sword gloss). Apart from the Augsburg, the other principal text in Branch A is the Salzburg version (1491), which was copied independently[2] and also incorporates ten paragraphs from Ringeck's gloss and twenty from an unidentified third source. Branch A was redacted by Paulus Hector Mair (three mss., 1540s), Lienhart Sollinger (1556), and Joachim Meyer (1570), which despite being the latest is the cleanest extant version and was likely either copied directly from the original or created by comparing multiple versions to correct their errors. It was also one of the bases for Johannes Lecküchner's gloss on the Messer in the late 1470s.

Branch B, attested first in the Rome version (1452), is found in only four manuscripts; it tends to feature slightly longer descriptions than Branch A, but includes fewer devices overall. Branch B glosses Liechtenauer's entire Recital, including the short sword section, and may therefore be considered more complete than Branch A; it also differs from Branch A in that three of the four known copies are illustrated to some extent, where none in the other branch are. The Krakow version (1510-20) seems to be an incomplete (though extensively illustrated) copy taken from the Rome,[3] while Augsburg II (1564) collects only the six illustrated wrestling devices from the Krakow. Even more anomalous is the Glasgow version (1508), consisting solely of a nearly complete redaction of the short sword gloss (assigning it to Branch B), which is appended to the opening paragraphs of Ringeck's gloss of the same section; since it accompanies Ringeck's long sword and mounted fencing glosses, a possible explanation is that the scribe lacked a complete copy of Ringeck and tried to fill in the deficit with another similar text.

A Branch C might be said to exist as well, first attested in the Vienna version (1480s), though it is unclear whether it was derived independently from the original, represents an intermediate evolutionary step between Branches A and B, or was created by simply merging copies of the other branches together. The structure and contents of this branch very closely align with Branch B, lacking most of the unique devices of Branch A and including the gloss of the short sword, but the actual text is more consistent with that of Branch A. A fragment of Branch C appears in the writings of Jörg Wilhalm Hutter (several mss., 1520s), though Glasgow II (1533) assigns the fragment a much earlier origin, stating that it was devised by one Nicolaüs in 1489.

Finally, there is one version of the Pseudo-Peter von Danzig gloss that defies categorization into any branch, namely the one that Mair created based on papers purchased from the estate of Antonius Rast. This gloss is a chimeric abomination, combining text from all three branches in an apparently-arbitrary sequence, and then concluding with the final eighteen paragraphs of Ringeck.

While all branches were originally presented in a single concordance in this article, the differences between them were revealed thereby to be extensive enough that they merit separate consideration. Thus, Branch A has been placed on the page of Jud Lew, to whom is seemingly attributed the gloss on mounted fencing, while Branch B has been retained here. Branch C will be placed on another page in the future.

Treatise

Additional Resources

References

  1. This name stems from the false assumption of many 20th century writers identifying him with Peter von Danzig zum Ingolstadt.
  2. Both Augsburg and Salzburg contain significant scribal errors of omission that allow us to identify manuscripts copied from them.
  3. Zabinski, pp 82-83
  4. Per Trosclair, Goliath text reads "In the same way, the counterpart from the left side through, you shall always render hew and tread with each other as one."
  5. Or "tap-hit".
  6. "As painted hereafter" added in the Krakow.
  7. Couplets 102-109.
  8. Couplet 74.
  9. "and binds strongly on your sword therewith" omitted from the Krakow.
  10. Squint here means “an askew glance”, referring to both the sword's direction of travel and also the use of deception with the eyes with this hew.
  11. "the Four Openings" omitted from the Krakow.
  12. K. "The Following Technique".
  13. "from all" omitted from the Krakow.
  14. "with" omitted from the Krakow.
  15. Letter erased and overwritten.
  16. "with something" omitted from the Krakow.
  17. This text is a repetition of the first paragraph on folio 68r, but this is the illustration that corresponds to the text in Goliath (folio 54v).
  18. K. "with both hands".
  19. 19.0 19.1 Indecipherable due to an ink blotch.
  20. "and see" omitted from the Krakow.
  21. K. "Here you should drive four windings from both hands from the two over-hangings, that is, the ox".
  22. crosswise? across? obliquely?
  23. satelbogen, maybe saddle horn?
  24. let your lance sink down in front
  25. bridle?
  26. A “tasset” is a piece of armor that covers the side of the thigh. It is possible that the last part of this hew aims for a gap in the armor on the back of the leg.
  27. zu hilff - to help
  28. This is wrong, it is the 5th figure.
  29. eysenhuet - iron hat
  30. move him? move to him?
  31. Could be bridle. Have it as "reins" because it makes more sense in the context of the play below.
  32. Other one says "too".
  33. Typo in the source, should be 25 (xxv)
  34. Somewhere else it says "strike a glancing blow," I think that's the same idea
  35. This quatrain is a mess
  36. Make a note, "zu dem schuß," literally "to the shot"
  37. Glasgow version adds "him"
  38. G. "wisely and masterfully".
  39. G. "students".
  40. Corrected from »sein«.
  41. Corrected from »seinem«.
  42. Glasgow contains extensive differences.
  43. And you shall... with the point" omitted from the Glasgow.
  44. G. "work to the openings".
  45. The rest vanishes in the binding.
  46. "the face" omitted in the Glasgow.
  47. Clause omitted from the Glasgow.
  48. Clause omitted from the Glasgow.
  49. Tricky. The rome says "vrbrigen," the Glasgow says "verpringen," and the Vienna says "vbaring." Since we see this exact same construction in a lance play earlier, I'm going with "urbaring," and going to say that the author of the Glasgow didn't understand the word, so he went with "verbringen."
  50. I don't get this or the following one.
  51. Corrected from »dam«.
  52. Corrected from »dem«.
  53. Corrected from »vchsel«.
  54. It is "er" in the text because "ee wenn" is a conjunction, so it resets the case. It wouldn't do that in english I think, or I'm just an idiot.
  55. Corrected from »mit«.