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Difference between revisions of "Pseudo-Peter von Danzig"

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! <p>Images<br/>from the [[Goliath Fechtbuch (MS Germ.Quart.2020)|Krakow version]]</p>
 
! <p>Images<br/>from the [[Goliath Fechtbuch (MS Germ.Quart.2020)|Krakow version]]</p>
! <p>{{rating}}<br/></p>
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! <p>{{rating|c}}<br/>by [[Stephen Cheney]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Codex Danzig (Cod.44.A.8)|Rome Transcription]] (1452){{edit index|Codex Danzig (Cod.44.A.8)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Codex Danzig (Cod.44.A.8)|Rome Transcription]] (1452){{edit index|Codex Danzig (Cod.44.A.8)}}<br/>by [[Dierk Hagedorn]]</p>
 
! <p>[[Goliath Fechtbuch (MS Germ.Quart.2020)|Krakow Transcription]] (1510-20){{edit index|Goliath Fechtbuch (MS Germ.Quart.2020)}}</p>
 
! <p>[[Goliath Fechtbuch (MS Germ.Quart.2020)|Krakow Transcription]] (1510-20){{edit index|Goliath Fechtbuch (MS Germ.Quart.2020)}}</p>
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| <p>{{red|b=1|Here begins [the] gloss and the interpretation of the zettel of the art of mounted fencing, which}} was composed and made by {{red|Johannes Liechtenauer}}, he is known as a high master in the art, God be gracious to him, therefore the art belongs to princes and lords, knights and squires, so that they shall learn and know. Thus he has let the art be written with obscure and disguised words, therefore any man shall not hear nor understand, and he has done that through the reckless fencing master, they want their art to be wrestled away, so that from the same, his art shall not become public nor common, from such people who cannot grow to hold the art, as then belongs to the art. And the same obscure and disguised words of mounted fencing, they stand explained and interpreted hereafter in the gloss, so that anyone may well hear and understand, if they can otherwise fence.</p>
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| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 039v.jpg|1|lbl=39v}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 039v.jpg|1|lbl=39v}}
 
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| [[File:MS Germ.Quart.2020 166v.jpg|350px|center]]
 
 
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| <p>{{red|b=1|Here note the text and the gloss about a common lesson on horseback}}</p>
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{| class="zettel"
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|-
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| <small>1</small>
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| {{red|Direct your spear<br/>&emsp;Against riding, make useless}}
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|}
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<p>Gloss: Note, this is when you ride with your lance, and someone against you, also with one, you shall, before all cases, know three guards with it, and from the guards you shall [go] to him by hand. The first, in the raising with your lance, they are settings-aside with art and with strength, so that you therefore hit him with it.</p>
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<p>{{red|b=1|The twenty-first figure teaches this,}} which says “The strength in the raising, arrange yourself in it correctly.”</p>
 
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{{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 039v.jpg|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 040r.jpg|1|lbl=40r|p=1}}
 
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| <p>{{red|b=1|Item:}} This is the first guard on horseback, arrange yourself with it as follows: Grasp your lance with the back point under the right armpit, and reckon the front part  to the longest to him with the point against the face.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 040r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 040r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
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| <p>{{red|b=1|Note, this is the second guard on horseback}}</p>
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<p>Arrange yourself with it as follows: Grasp your lance with the back point under the right armpit, and let it hang low to your left side next to your horse’s neck, and ride to him as such.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 040r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 040r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
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| [[File:MS Germ.Quart.2020 166v.jpg|350px|center]]
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| <p>{{red|b=1|Note, this is the third guard on horseback}}</p>
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<p>Arrange yourself with it as follows: Grasp your lance in the middle with both hands, and hold it athwart<ref>crosswise? across? obliquely?</ref> in front of you on the saddle bow,<ref>satelbogen, maybe saddle horn?</ref> so that the point remains to your left side, and ride to him as such.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 040r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 
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| <p>{{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss of the plays from the three guards}}</p>
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{| class="zettel"
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|-
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| <small>2</small>
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| {{red|If it recommends<br/>&emsp;Your end to him, unbuckle}}
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|}
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<p>Gloss: Note, drive this play from the first guard as follows: When you have extended your lance against him to the longest from the arm, and he his against you, then ride upon him and do as if you want to stab him to the face, and when you come near to him, then let the front of your lance  sink down,<ref>let your lance sink down in front</ref> and change through with it below his lance to his right side. Thus you hit, and he does not.</p>
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<p>{{red|b=1|The first figure teaches this,}} which says “Hunt from the chest to his right hand.”</p>
 
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{{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 040r.jpg|5|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 040v.jpg|1|lbl=40v|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 040r.jpg|5|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 040v.jpg|1|lbl=40v|p=1}}
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| <p>{{red|b=1|Note, drive this play}} from the second guard. When you ride together with him, let the front of your lance sink down to your left side. If he then drives upon you with the lance, then sweep up simply onto your right side with your lance to his, and raise a little upwards with it. Thus you hit, and he does not.</p>
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<p>{{red|b=1|The eighteenth figure teaches this,}} which says “Hunt to the right hand with your art.”</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 040v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
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| <p>{{red|b=1|Note, drive this play}} from the third guard as follows: When you ride together with him, hold your lance with both hands in the middle athwart in front of you on the saddle bow. If he then rides onto you with the lance, then sweep with the front part of your lance to his right side at his, and strike your lance with it under your right armpit, and ride forward. Thus you hit, and he does not. You shall also, from all three guards, come to half of the lance with the left hand, for the sake of strength.</p>
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<p>{{red|b=1|The sixth figure teaches this,}} which says “Seize the strong with both hands.”</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 040v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 040v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
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| [[File:MS Germ.Quart.2020 179r.jpg|350px|center]]
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| <p>{{red|b=1|Here note a special play with the short lance against the long}}<br/><br/></p>
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<p>Note, when you have a short lance and he a long, ride boldly against him, and hold the point to him from the arm against the face, and when it comes to the hit, let go of the reins,<ref>bridle?</ref> and lead his lance away with the left hand onto your left side, and ride forward and plant to him.</p>
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<p>{{red|b=1|The twelfth figure teaches this,}} which says “With empty hand, learn two sweeps against all weapons.”</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 040ar.jpg|1|lbl=40ar}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 040ar.jpg|1|lbl=40ar}}
 
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| <p>{{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss about a lesson and about wrestling on horseback}}</p>
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{| class="zettel"
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|-
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| <small>3</small>
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| {{red|Hew in, don’t draw<br/>&emsp;From sheath, jolt to him left}}
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|-
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| <small>4</small>
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| {{red|Grapple to his right<br/>&emsp;So you catch him without fencing}}
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|}
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<p>Note the lesson: When you both ride together with the lance, if it is then the case that you both missed with it, if you then want to catch him without any fencing, then drop your lance by hand, and draw neither sword nor knife, and turn yourself with your left side to his right, and wait upon his right arm, and drive the wrestle written hereafter.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 040ar.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 040ar.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
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| <p>{{red|b=1|Here note two wrestles}}</p>
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<p>Note, when you come with your left side to his right, grab his right hand with your right, and throw him with the unnamed hold or with the secret hold, and how you shall drive the two wrestles, you find that written hereafter.</p>
 
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{{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 040ar.jpg|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 040av.jpg|1|lbl=40av|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 040ar.jpg|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 040av.jpg|1|lbl=40av|p=1}}
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| <p>{{red|b=1|Here note a sword taking}}</p>
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<p>Note, when you come with the left side to his right, if he has then drawn your [sic] sword and rises with the arm and wants to strike you, then grab his right arm with the left hand behind the elbow, and shove him above with it from you, and raise his right below with the left foot under the stirrup leather , and grab his sword with the right hand by the pommel, and jolt it to you with it, so you take his sword, and additionally shove him as such from the horse.</p>
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<p>{{red|b=1|The third figure teaches this,}} which says “With brushing, saddle rim or takes weapon.”</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 040av.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 040av.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
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| rowspan="2" | [[File:MS Germ.Quart.2020 180v.jpg|350px|center]]
 
 
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| <p>{{red|b=1|Note, when you come with the right side to his right, drive the wrestle written hereafter}}</p>
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<p>Note, when you both have missed with the lance, if you may then not come with the left side to his right, then hold and throw him with the “sun showing” or with the sheep hold, and how you shall drive the two wrestles, you shall find that written hereafter.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 040av.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 040av.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
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| rowspan="2" | [[File:MS Germ.Quart.2020 180v.jpg|350px|center]]
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| <p>{{red|b=1|Again a wrestle}}</p>
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<p>Note, when you come with the right side to his right, if he has then drawn his sword and rises with it and wants to strike, then grab his right arm with the left hand behind the elbow, and raise it firmly, and with the right, grip his sword by the pommel, and jolt it out of his hand.</p>
 
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{{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 040av.jpg|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 041r.jpg|1|lbl=41r|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 040av.jpg|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 041r.jpg|1|lbl=41r|p=1}}
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| <p>{{red|b=1|Or,}} take his knife or otherwise other weapon with the right, and work with it to the opening.</p>
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<p>{{red|b=1|The eleventh figure teaches this,}} which says “Press firmly, shove from reins, and search for his knife.”</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 041r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 041r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
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| rowspan="2" | [[File:MS Germ.Quart.2020 181v.jpg|350px|center]]
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| <p>{{red|b=1|These are two sword takings}}</p>
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<p>When you come with your right side to his right, if he has then drawn his sword and rises and wants to strike, then move with the right arm outwards to the top of his right, and press it downwards as such into your right side, and ride forward, so you take his sword.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 041r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 041r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
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| <p>{{red|b=1|Or,}} rise with the right arm inwards to the top of his right, and press it forward to your chest, and ride forward, so you again take his sword.</p>
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| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 041r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 041r.jpg|4|lbl=-}}
 
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| [[File:MS Germ.Quart.2020 182r.jpg|350px|center]]
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| <p>{{red|b=1|Again a wrestle}}</p>
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<p>Note, when you come with your right side to his right, if he has then drawn his sword and rises with it and wants to strike, then grab his right arm with the right hand behind the elbow, and shove him above from you with it, and raise his right foot below with the right foot under the stirrup leather, and shove him above from you with the left hand, so he falls.</p>
 
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{{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 041r.jpg|5|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 041v.jpg|1|lbl=41v|p=1}}
 
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| <p>{{red|b=1|Note a good wrestle}}</p>
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<p>When you come with the right side to his right, grab his right [hand] with the left hand, and jolt it in front of your chest, and turn your horse from him, and pull him from the horse as such.</p>
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<p>{{red|b=1|The second figure teaches this,}} which says “Turn around with the horse, pull his right hand with your left.”</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 041v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 041v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
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| rowspan="3" | [[File:MS Germ.Quart.2020 184r.jpg|350px|center]]
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| <p>{{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss about a lesson on horseback}}</p>
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{| class="zettel"
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|-
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| <small>5</small>
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| {{red|So that lances stab<br/>&emsp;Fence boldly, learn to break without hurry}}
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|}
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<p>Note the lesson: When he rides upon you with a lance, if you then want to work against him with art, then you shall ride against him quite boldly, so you may well set aside his [lance] with your lance, and otherwise win other advantages with the sword, or if you will rush or run to the man, then you may drive no play correctly, and additionally not be similarly secure on the horse.</p>
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<p>{{red|b=1|The twenty-second figure teaches this,}} which says “That is now the spear run, which confronts the other under eyes.” </p>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 041v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
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== Temporary division ==
 
== Temporary division ==
 
{{master begin
 
{{master begin

Revision as of 01:01, 1 May 2018

Gloss and Interpretation of
the Recital on the Long Sword
die gloss und die auslegung der zettel
des langen schwerts
Johannes Liechtenauer.jpg
Author(s) Unknown
Ascribed to Pseudo-Peter von Danzig
Illustrated by Unknown
Date before 1452
Genre
Language Early New High German
State of Existence Original hypothetical;
multiple branches exist
Principal
Manuscript(s)
Cod. 44.A.8 (1452)
Manuscript(s)
First Printed
English Edition
Tobler, 2010
Concordance by Michael Chidester
Translations

"Pseudo-Peter von Danzig" is the name given to an anonymous late 14th or early 15th century German fencing master.[1] Some time before the creation of the Codex 44.A.8 in 1452, he authored a gloss of Johannes Liechtenauer's Recital (Zettel) which would go on to become the most widespread in the tradition. While the identity of the glossator remains unknown, it is possible that he was in fact Jud Lew or Sigmund ain Ringeck, both of whose glosses show strong similarities to the work. On the other hand, the introduction to the Rome version of the text could be construed as attributing it to Liechtenauer himself.

Stemma

Early on in its history, the Pseudo-Peter von Danzig gloss seems to have split into two or three primary branches, and no definite copies of the unaltered original are known to survive. The gloss of Sigmund ain Ringeck also seems to be related to this work, due to the considerable overlap in text and contents, but it is currently unclear if Ringeck's gloss is based on that of pseudo-Danzig or if they both derive from an even earlier original gloss (or even if Ringeck and pseudo-Danzig are the same author and the "Ringeck" gloss should be considered Branch D).

Branch A, first attested in the Augsburg version (1450s) and comprising the majority of extant copies, has more devices overall than Branch B but generally shorter descriptions in areas of overlap. It also glosses only Liechtenauer's Recital on long sword and mounted fencing; in lieu of a gloss of Liechtenauer's short sword, it is generally accompanied by the short sword teachings of Andre Liegniczer and Martin Huntfeltz (or, in the case of the 1512 Vienna II, Ringeck's short sword gloss). Apart from the Augsburg, the other principal text in Branch A is the Salzburg version (1491), which was copied independently[2] and also incorporates ten paragraphs from Ringeck's gloss and twenty from an unidentified third source. Branch A was redacted by Paulus Hector Mair (three mss., 1540s), Lienhart Sollinger (1556), and Joachim Meyer (1570), which despite being the latest is the cleanest extant version and was likely either copied directly from the original or created by comparing multiple versions to correct their errors. It was also one of the bases for Johannes Lecküchner's gloss on the Messer in the late 1470s.

Branch B, attested first in the Rome version (1452), is found in only four manuscripts; it tends to feature slightly longer descriptions than Branch A, but includes fewer devices overall. Branch B glosses Liechtenauer's entire Recital, including the short sword section, and may therefore be considered more complete than Branch A; it also differs from Branch A in that three of the four known copies are illustrated to some extent, where none in the other branch are. The Krakow version (1510-20) seems to be an incomplete (though extensively illustrated) copy taken from the Rome,[3] while Augsburg II (1564) collects only the six illustrated wrestling devices from the Krakow. Even more anomalous is the Glasgow version (1508), consisting solely of a nearly complete redaction of the short sword gloss (assigning it to Branch B), which is appended to the opening paragraphs of Ringeck's gloss of the same section; since it accompanies Ringeck's long sword and mounted fencing glosses, a possible explanation is that the scribe lacked a complete copy of Ringeck and tried to fill in the deficit with another similar text.

A Branch C might be said to exist as well, first attested in the Vienna version (1480s), though it is unclear whether it was derived independently from the original, represents an intermediate evolutionary step between Branches A and B, or was created by simply merging copies of the other branches together. The structure and contents of this branch very closely align with Branch B, lacking most of the unique devices of Branch A and including the gloss of the short sword, but the actual text is more consistent with that of Branch A. A fragment of Branch C appears in the writings of Jörg Wilhalm Hutter (several mss., 1520s), though Glasgow II (1533) assigns the fragment a much earlier origin, stating that it was devised by one Nicolaüs in 1489.

Finally, there is one version of the Pseudo-Peter von Danzig gloss that defies categorization into any branch, namely the one that Mair created based on papers purchased from the estate of Antonius Rast. This gloss is a chimeric abomination, combining text from all three branches in an apparently-arbitrary sequence, and then concluding with the final eighteen paragraphs of Ringeck.

While all branches were originally presented in a single concordance in this article, the differences between them were revealed thereby to be extensive enough that they merit separate consideration. Thus, Branch A has been placed on the page of Jud Lew, to whom is seemingly attributed the gloss on mounted fencing, while Branch B has been retained here. Branch C will be placed on another page in the future.

Treatise

Temporary division

Temporary division

Additional Resources

References

  1. This name stems from the false assumption of many 20th century writers identifying him with Peter von Danzig zum Ingolstadt.
  2. Both Augsburg and Salzburg contain significant scribal errors of omission that allow us to identify manuscripts copied from them.
  3. Zabinski, pp 82-83
  4. Per Trosclair, Goliath text reads "In the same way, the counterpart from the left side through, you shall always render hew and tread with each other as one."
  5. Or "tap-hit".
  6. "As painted hereafter" added in the Krakow.
  7. Couplets 102-109.
  8. Couplet 74.
  9. "and binds strongly on your sword therewith" omitted from the Krakow.
  10. Squint here means “an askew glance”, referring to both the sword's direction of travel and also the use of deception with the eyes with this hew.
  11. "the Four Openings" omitted from the Krakow.
  12. K. "The Following Technique".
  13. "from all" omitted from the Krakow.
  14. "with" omitted from the Krakow.
  15. Letter erased and overwritten.
  16. "with something" omitted from the Krakow.
  17. This text is a repetition of the first paragraph on folio 68r, but this is the illustration that corresponds to the text in Goliath (folio 54v).
  18. K. "with both hands".
  19. 19.0 19.1 Indecipherable due to an ink blotch.
  20. "and see" omitted from the Krakow.
  21. K. "Here you should drive four windings from both hands from the two over-hangings, that is, the ox".
  22. crosswise? across? obliquely?
  23. satelbogen, maybe saddle horn?
  24. let your lance sink down in front
  25. bridle?
  26. G. "wisely and masterfully".
  27. G. "students".
  28. Corrected from »sein«.
  29. Corrected from »seinem«.
  30. Glasgow contains extensive differences.
  31. The rest vanishes in the binding.
  32. And you should... with the point" omitted from the Glasgow.
  33. G. "work to the openings".
  34. "the face" omitted in the Glasgow.
  35. Clause omitted from the Glasgow.
  36. "you should not defend or displace" omitted from the Glasgow.
  37. Corrected from »dam«.
  38. Corrected from »dem«.
  39. Corrected from »vchsel«.
  40. G. "hold fast the blade and the fingers together".
  41. Corrected from »mit«.