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<p>Or, if you want to break his arm, then you hold him with the one hand, then raise the same elbow firmly upwards with the other hand, so you break his arm.</p>
 
<p>Or, if you want to break his arm, then you hold him with the one hand, then raise the same elbow firmly upwards with the other hand, so you break his arm.</p>
 
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<p>Note, if you throw him down and he falls on the belly, then straddle behind him near to his shoulders, and pull his right arm over your right leg to the top of your thigh, and pull his left arm over your left thigh, so he may not come up, and must therefore die under you.</p>
 
<p>Note, if you throw him down and he falls on the belly, then straddle behind him near to his shoulders, and pull his right arm over your right leg to the top of your thigh, and pull his left arm over your left thigh, so he may not come up, and must therefore die under you.</p>
 
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| <p>[38] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss about the weapons which pertain to the combat, and how one shall work with the points to the openings}}</p>
 
| <p>[38] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss about the weapons which pertain to the combat, and how one shall work with the points to the openings}}</p>
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<p><br/></p>
 
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| <p>[39] {{red|b=1|Here note quite precisely, this is the text and the gloss of how one shall fence with the sword against sword in combat out of four guards}}</p>
 
| <p>[39] {{red|b=1|Here note quite precisely, this is the text and the gloss of how one shall fence with the sword against sword in combat out of four guards}}</p>
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<p>Or, if he stabs to you above, be it to the face or wherever it is, you shall ward that, so that he does not reach you above with planting.</p>
 
<p>Or, if he stabs to you above, be it to the face or wherever it is, you shall ward that, so that he does not reach you above with planting.</p>
 
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<p>Note, when you stand in the upper guard, stab him artfully from it to the face. If he parries with the sword in front of his left hand and remains to you with the point in front of the face and wants to plant to you, then grab his sword by the point with the left hand, and hold it firmly and stab him with the right hand with force to the testicles.</p>
 
<p>Note, when you stand in the upper guard, stab him artfully from it to the face. If he parries with the sword in front of his left hand and remains to you with the point in front of the face and wants to plant to you, then grab his sword by the point with the left hand, and hold it firmly and stab him with the right hand with force to the testicles.</p>
 
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| <p>[44] {{red|b=1|If he then jerks his sword}} firmly to himself and wants to jolt it out of your hand, then let go of his sword suddenly,<ref>Tricky. The rome says "vrbrigen," the Glasgow says "verpringen," and the Vienna says "vbaring." Since we see this exact same construction in a lance play earlier, I'm going with "urbaring," and going to say that the author of the Glasgow didn't understand the word, so he went with "verbringen."</ref> so he opens the side. With that, grab your sword quickly again with the left hand in the middle of the blade, and follow after him to the same side with planting or with wrestling.</p>
 
| <p>[44] {{red|b=1|If he then jerks his sword}} firmly to himself and wants to jolt it out of your hand, then let go of his sword suddenly,<ref>Tricky. The rome says "vrbrigen," the Glasgow says "verpringen," and the Vienna says "vbaring." Since we see this exact same construction in a lance play earlier, I'm going with "urbaring," and going to say that the author of the Glasgow didn't understand the word, so he went with "verbringen."</ref> so he opens the side. With that, grab your sword quickly again with the left hand in the middle of the blade, and follow after him to the same side with planting or with wrestling.</p>
 
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<p>Note, when you stand in the upper guard, stab him from it to the face. If he parries the stab and presses your point onto your left side, then jump with the right foot behind his left, and move to him with the pommel forward over his right shoulder around the neck, and jolt him over his [sic] right knee with it.</p>
 
<p>Note, when you stand in the upper guard, stab him from it to the face. If he parries the stab and presses your point onto your left side, then jump with the right foot behind his left, and move to him with the pommel forward over his right shoulder around the neck, and jolt him over his [sic] right knee with it.</p>
 
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<p>Note, when he wants to move to you with the pommel around the neck, grab his right elbow with the left hand, and shove him from you with it, and with the right, stab him with force behind to the back.</p>
 
<p>Note, when he wants to move to you with the pommel around the neck, grab his right elbow with the left hand, and shove him from you with it, and with the right, stab him with force behind to the back.</p>
 
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<p>Note, when he has moved to you with the pommel over your right shoulder around the neck, grab with the left hand up from below between both of his arms, and grab his right arm with it and hold firmly, and turn yourself around from him onto your right side, and throw him over your left hip.</p>
 
<p>Note, when he has moved to you with the pommel over your right shoulder around the neck, grab with the left hand up from below between both of his arms, and grab his right arm with it and hold firmly, and turn yourself around from him onto your right side, and throw him over your left hip.</p>
 
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<p>Or, move through to him with your pommel under his right arm forward over his right hand, and jolt his hand downwards with the pommel, and plant to him.</p>
 
<p>Or, move through to him with your pommel under his right arm forward over his right hand, and jolt his hand downwards with the pommel, and plant to him.</p>
 
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<p>Note, when you stab to his face out of the upper guard, if he then falls with the left hand between both of your hands in the middle of your sword’s blade, then move to him with the pommel how you want below or above to the top of his left hand, and wrench with it onto your right side, and plant to him.</p>
 
<p>Note, when you stab to his face out of the upper guard, if he then falls with the left hand between both of your hands in the middle of your sword’s blade, then move to him with the pommel how you want below or above to the top of his left hand, and wrench with it onto your right side, and plant to him.</p>
 
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| <p>[51] {{red|b=1|Note,}} how you shall strike with the pommel out of the upper guard, you find that written in the back in the play which says “of the forward foot with striking, you must guard”.</p>
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<p>[51] {{red|b=1|Note,}} how you shall strike with the pommel out of the upper guard, you find that written in the back in the play which says “of the forward foot with striking, you must guard”.</p>
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<p>When you stand in the lower guard, if he then stands against you in the upper and stabs to your face or wants to plant to you above, then stab him to his front placed hand to the opening of the palm, or set the point under his left armpit into the opening.</p>
 
<p>When you stand in the lower guard, if he then stands against you in the upper and stabs to your face or wants to plant to you above, then stab him to his front placed hand to the opening of the palm, or set the point under his left armpit into the opening.</p>
 
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<p>Note, when you stand in the lower guard and he in the upper, if he then wants to plant to you above, then grab his sword by the point with the left hand, and with the right, wind your sword with the hilt to your chest, and plant to him as such.</p>
 
<p>Note, when you stand in the lower guard and he in the upper, if he then wants to plant to you above, then grab his sword by the point with the left hand, and with the right, wind your sword with the hilt to your chest, and plant to him as such.</p>
 
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<p>Note, when you stand in the lower guard, stab him certainly from it to the face. If he then stabs in equally with you, then grab his left hand with your left, and grasp him by the left elbow with the right [hand], and drive the arm break.</p>
 
<p>Note, when you stand in the lower guard, stab him certainly from it to the face. If he then stabs in equally with you, then grab his left hand with your left, and grasp him by the left elbow with the right [hand], and drive the arm break.</p>
 
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<p>Or, when you press his hand down with the sword, move with the pommel over his right shoulder, and throw him over your right knee.</p>
 
<p>Or, when you press his hand down with the sword, move with the pommel over his right shoulder, and throw him over your right knee.</p>
 
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<p>Note, when you stand in the lower guard and he in the upper, if he then wants to plant to you above, then stab through over his front placed hand, and to the sword, and press the pommel against the ground, and plant to him to his right side.</p>
 
<p>Note, when you stand in the lower guard and he in the upper, if he then wants to plant to you above, then stab through over his front placed hand, and to the sword, and press the pommel against the ground, and plant to him to his right side.</p>
 
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Revision as of 02:45, 14 January 2020

Gloss and Interpretation of the Recital
die gloss und die auslegung der zettel des langen schwerts
Johannes Liechtenauer.jpg
Author(s) Unknown
Ascribed to Pseudo-Peter von Danzig
Illustrated by Unknown
Date before 1452
Genre
Language Early New High German
State of Existence Original hypothetical;
multiple branches exist
Principal
Manuscript(s)
Cod. 44.A.8 (1452)
Manuscript(s)
First Printed
English Edition
Tobler, 2010
Concordance by Michael Chidester
Translations

"Pseudo-Peter von Danzig" is the name given to an anonymous 15th century German fencing master.[1] Some time before the creation of the Codex 44.A.8 in 1452, he authored a gloss of Johannes Liechtenauer's Recital (Zettel) which would go on to become the most widespread in the tradition. While the identity of the glossator remains unknown, it is possible that he was in fact Jud Lew, a name associated with one of the branches of the gloss (see below), or Sigmund ain Ringeck, whose gloss shows strong similarities to the work. On the other hand, the introduction to the Rome version of the text could be construed as attributing it to Liechtenauer himself.

Stemma

Early on in its history, the Pseudo-Peter von Danzig gloss seems to have split into at least three branches, and no definite copies of the unaltered original are known to survive. The gloss of Sigmund ain Ringeck also seems to be related to this work, due to the considerable overlap in text and contents, but it is currently unclear if Ringeck's gloss is based on that of pseudo-Danzig or if they both derive from an even earlier original gloss (or even if Ringeck and pseudo-Danzig are the same author and the "Ringeck" gloss should be considered Branch D).

Branch A, first attested in the Augsburg version (1450s) and comprising the majority of extant copies, has more plays overall than Branch B but generally shorter descriptions in areas of overlap. It also glosses only Liechtenauer's Recital on long sword and mounted fencing; in lieu of a gloss of Liechtenauer's short sword, it is generally accompanied by the short sword teachings of Andre Liegniczer and Martin Huntfeltz (or, in the case of the 1512 Vienna II, Ringeck's short sword gloss). Branch A is sometimes called the Jud Lew gloss, based on a potential attribution at the end of the mounted gloss in a few copies. Apart from the Augsburg, the other principal version in Branch A is the Salzburg version (1491), which was copied independently[2] and also incorporates twelve paragraphs from Ringeck's gloss and nineteen paragraphs from an unidentified third source. Branch A was redacted by Paulus Hector Mair (three mss., 1540s), Lienhart Sollinger (1556), and Joachim Meyer (1570), which despite being the latest is the cleanest extant version and was likely either copied directly from the original or created by comparing multiple versions to correct their errors. It was also one of the bases for Johannes Lecküchner's gloss on the Messer in the late 1470s.

Branch B, attested first in the Rome version (1452), is found in only four manuscripts; it tends to feature slightly longer descriptions than Branch A, but includes fewer plays overall. Branch B glosses Liechtenauer's entire Recital, including the short sword section, and may therefore be considered more complete than Branch A; it also differs from Branch A in that three of the four known copies are illustrated to some extent, where none in the other branch are. The Krakow version (1535-40) seems to be an incomplete (though extensively illustrated) copy taken from the Rome,[3] while Augsburg II (1564) collects only the six illustrated wrestling plays from the Krakow. Even more anomalous is the Glasgow version (1508), consisting solely of a nearly complete redaction of the short sword gloss (assigning it to Branch B), which is appended to the opening paragraphs of Ringeck's gloss of the same section; since it accompanies Ringeck's long sword and mounted fencing glosses, a possible explanation is that the scribe lacked a complete copy of Ringeck and tried to fill in the deficit with another similar text.

Branch C is first attested in the Vienna version (1480s). It is unclear whether it was derived independently from the original, represents an intermediate evolutionary step between Branches A and B, or was created by simply merging copies of the other branches together. The structure and contents of this branch very closely align with Branch B, lacking most of the unique plays of Branch A and including the gloss of the short sword, but the actual text is more consistent with that of Branch A (though not identical). The other substantial copy of Branch C is the Augsburg version II (1553), which was created by Paulus Hector Mair based on the writings of Antonius Rast, and which segues into the text of Ringeck's gloss for the final eighteen paragraphs. A substantial fragment of Branch C is present in five additional 16th century manuscripts alongside the illustrated treatise of Jörg Wilhalm Hutter; one of these, Glasgow II (1533) assigns the text a much earlier origin, stating that it was devised by one Nicolaüs in 1489. This branch has received the least attention and is currently the least understood.

Treatise

While all branches were originally presented in a single concordance in this article, the differences between them are extensive enough that they merit separate consideration. Thus, Branch A has been placed on the page of Jud Lew, Branch B has been retained here, and branch C is now on the Nicolaüs page.

Temp

Additional Resources

References

  1. This name stems from the false assumption of many 20th century writers identifying him with Peter von Danzig zum Ingolstadt.
  2. Both Augsburg and Salzburg contain significant scribal errors of omission that allow us to identify manuscripts copied from them.
  3. Zabinski, pp 82-83
  4. Per Trosclair, Goliath text reads "In the same way, the counterpart from the left side through, you shall always render hew and tread with each other as one."
  5. Or "tap-hit".
  6. "As painted hereafter" added in the Krakow.
  7. Couplets 102-109.
  8. Couplet 74.
  9. Literally "from crossed arms".
  10. "and binds strongly on your sword therewith" omitted from the Krakow.
  11. Squint here means “an askew glance”, referring to both the sword's direction of travel and also the use of deception with the eyes with this hew.
  12. "the Four Openings" omitted from the Krakow.
  13. K. "The Following Technique".
  14. "from all" omitted from the Krakow.
  15. "with" omitted from the Krakow.
  16. Letter erased and overwritten.
  17. "with something" omitted from the Krakow.
  18. This text is a repetition of the first paragraph on folio 68r, but this is the illustration that corresponds to the text in Goliath (folio 54v).
  19. K. "with both hands".
  20. 20.0 20.1 Indecipherable due to an ink blotch.
  21. "and see" omitted from the Krakow.
  22. K. "Here you should drive four windings from both hands from the two over-hangings, that is, the ox".
  23. Steht nach der nächsten Zeile.
  24. crosswise? across? obliquely?
  25. satelbogen, maybe saddle horn?
  26. let your lance sink down in front
  27. bridle?
  28. Steht nach der nächsten Zeile.
  29. Steht nach der nächsten Zeile.
  30. A “tasset” is a piece of armor that covers the side of the thigh. It is possible that the last part of this hew aims for a gap in the armor on the back of the leg.
  31. zu hilff - to help
  32. This is wrong, it is the 5th figure.
  33. Different ink, original text possibly scraped off and replaced.
  34. eysenhuet - iron hat
  35. move him? move to him?
  36. Could be bridle. Have it as "reins" because it makes more sense in the context of the play below.
  37. Letter I smudged.
  38. Other one says "too".
  39. Typo in the source, should be 25 (xxv)
  40. Steht nach der nächsten Zeile.
  41. Somewhere else it says "strike a glancing blow," I think that's the same idea
  42. This quatrain is a mess
  43. Scribal error, doubling this phrase.
  44. Make a note, "zu dem schuß," literally "to the shot"
  45. Glasgow version adds "him"
  46. G. "wisely and masterfully".
  47. G. "students".
  48. Nota is written in the margin in a different hand, with a line pointing to kainen.
  49. Wie hienach conterfct[?] written below in a different hand.
  50. Corrected from »sein«.
  51. Added in a different hand.
  52. Corrected from »seinem«.
  53. Glasgow contains extensive differences.
  54. And you shall... with the point" omitted from the Glasgow.
  55. G. "work to the openings".
  56. The rest vanishes in the binding.
  57. "the face" omitted in the Glasgow.
  58. Clause omitted from the Glasgow.
  59. Clause omitted from the Glasgow.
  60. Tricky. The rome says "vrbrigen," the Glasgow says "verpringen," and the Vienna says "vbaring." Since we see this exact same construction in a lance play earlier, I'm going with "urbaring," and going to say that the author of the Glasgow didn't understand the word, so he went with "verbringen."
  61. Illegible deletion
  62. U changed to an I
  63. I don't get this or the following one.
  64. Corrected from »dam«.
  65. Corrected from »dem«.
  66. Corrected from »vchsel«.
  67. It is "er" in the text because "ee wenn" is a conjunction, so it resets the case. It wouldn't do that in english I think, or I'm just an idiot.
  68. Corrected from »mit«.