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<p>Gloss: Note, when you ride to him and come to him with your right side to his, then hew in above strong to the head, and stab to his face. If he parries the stab, then hurry to him and grab his right arm with left inverted hand in front under his pommel, and hold him firmly as such, and bend your left arm outwards at the handle of his sword, so he must let go of the sword. Thereafter you may hold him with the one hand and strike with the other.</p>
 
<p>Gloss: Note, when you ride to him and come to him with your right side to his, then hew in above strong to the head, and stab to his face. If he parries the stab, then hurry to him and grab his right arm with left inverted hand in front under his pommel, and hold him firmly as such, and bend your left arm outwards at the handle of his sword, so he must let go of the sword. Thereafter you may hold him with the one hand and strike with the other.</p>
  
<p>{{red|b=1|The 15th figure teaches this,}} which says “Think about the knife taking and keeping, etc.”</p>
+
<p>{{red|b=1|The 15th figure<ref>Typo in the source, should be 25 (xxv)</ref> teaches this,}} which says “Think about the knife taking and keeping, etc.”</p>
 
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| <p>{{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss about the play which is called “the unnamed hold”}}</p>
 +
{| class="zettel"
 +
|-
 +
| <small>30</small>
 +
| {{red|The unnamed<br/>&emsp;Turn it to the strong}}
 +
|-
 +
| <small>31</small>
 +
| {{red|Their strike, their stab<br/>&emsp;Makes useless without any fencing}}
 +
|}
 +
<p>Gloss: Note, this wrestle is called “the unnamed hold,” so that anyone shall not understand, because with it, one destroys all of a strong person's hews and stabs without any fencing, if one correctly grapples him with it.</p>
 
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| <p>{{red|b=1|Drive it as follows:}}</p>
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<p>Note, when you come with your left side to his right, if he has then drawn his sword or otherwise another weapon and wants to strike or stab you, then grab his right hand with your right, and jolt it in front of your chest, and lie yourself with the body strongly upon it, and ride forward, so you break his arm, or he must fall.</p>
 
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{{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 049r.jpg|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 049v.jpg|1|lbl=49v|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 049r.jpg|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 049v.jpg|1|lbl=49v|p=1}}
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| <p>Or, if you don’t want to throw him, when you have jolted his arm in front of you, grab his right elbow with the left hand, and shove from you with it, and grab his sword’s pommel with the right, and jolt it to you, so you take his sword.</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>{{red|b=1|The twenty-third figure teaches this,}} which says “The unnamed hold, takes weapons or falls him.”</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 049v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
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| rowspan="2" | [[File:MS Germ.Quart.2020 171v.jpg|350px|center]]
 
| rowspan="2" | [[File:MS Germ.Quart.2020 171v.jpg|350px|center]]
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| <p>{{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss about the sun showing}}</p>
 +
{| class="zettel"
 +
|-
 +
| <small>32</small>
 +
| {{red|If you want to grasp on<br/>&emsp;You shall not allow him to ride next to you}}
 +
|-
 +
| <small>33</small>
 +
| {{red|The sun showing<br/>&emsp;Drive left first if you want to bend}}
 +
|-
 +
| <small>34</small>
 +
| {{red|Touch the forehead<br/>&emsp;Press very firmly against nape}}
 +
|-
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| <small>35</small>
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| {{red|So that he swings himself<br/>&emsp;And rarely arrives again}}
 +
|}
 +
<p>Gloss: Note, the “sun showing” is a good wrestle on horseback, which you may drive to all sides when you come near to the man.</p>
 
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| <p>{{red|b=1|Note, drive it as follows:}}</p>
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<p>When you ride together with him and want to wrestle, hold yourself near to him. If you then come with your right side at his, then move with the left hand behind around him, and grab his left arm with it, and pull him firmly to you with it, and with the right hand, move below to the jawbone, and shove his face upwards with it to the mountain against the sun, so he winds, then swings, and falls in front of you. Or, and if you come with the left side to his right, then grasp him as before, and throw him behind you.</p>
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<p>{{red|b=1|The 15th figure teaches this,}} which says “Nearby, catch the hand, invert his face, there is the nape.”</p>
 
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{{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 049v.jpg|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 050r.jpg|1|lbl=50r|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 049v.jpg|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 050r.jpg|1|lbl=50r|p=1}}
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| <p>{{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss, how one breaks the sun showing}}</p>
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{| class="zettel"
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|-
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| <small>36</small>
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| {{red|Whoever aims that to you<br/>&emsp;Grip over, then he will be shamed}}
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|-
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| <small>37</small>
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| {{red|Press arms to head<br/>&emsp;The hold often robs saddle}}
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|}
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<p>Gloss: Note, drive the break as follows: When he comes with his right side to yours, and falls to you with the right hand below to the jawbone, and wants to shove you from him as such, strike your right arm over his right, and press it to your chest, and ride forward, so it is broken.</p>
 +
 
 +
<p>Or, break it with the sheep hold, and how you shall press his arm to head, you find that written before in the brushing.<ref>Somewhere else it says "strike a glancing blow," I think that's the same idea</ref></p>
 
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| <p>{{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss about the secret wrestle}}</p>
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{| class="zettel"
 +
|-
 +
| <small>38</small>
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| {{red|But if you want to measure yourself<br/>&emsp;Of the catching,}}
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|-
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| <small>39</small>
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| {{red|Easily releasing from you<br/>&emsp;Caught behind without laces}}<ref>This quatrain is a mess</ref>
 +
|}
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<p>Gloss: Note, this is a secret wrestle on horseback, and has no name like the other wrestles have, so that one shall not allow to come to  the light, nor allow anyone to see.</p>
 
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{{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 050r.jpg|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 050v.jpg|1|lbl=50v|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 050r.jpg|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 050v.jpg|1|lbl=50v|p=1}}
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| <p>{{red|b=1|Note, drive it as follows}}</p>
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<p>When you ride together with him, assess that you come with your left side to his right, and grab his right hand with your right hand, and jolt it in front of you, and with the left hand, grab his right elbow, and shove it upwards, and bend his right arm quite well above over your left with the right hand, and raise upwards with the left arm. Therefore he is caught without any bind, and [you] may therefore lead him wherever you want, or break the arm.</p>
 
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| <p>{{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss about the “before” and about the “after”}}</p>
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{| class="zettel"
 +
|-
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| <small>40</small>
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| {{red|Note the “before” hold<br/>&emsp;It continues to break his strength}}
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|}
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<p>Gloss: Note, this is a lesson, that you shall quite precisely note upon the “before” holds, because they are two. The first, that is when you come before and grapple him before he [grapples] you. The second is when he comes before and grapples you before you [grapple] him. And upon the two things you shall quite correctly know to drive your plays, and hear it as follows: If you grapple him before, then drive your play nimbly with it, so he may not break you. Or, if he grapples you before, then ward, so that you nimbly break his, so he may not come to the play. Likewise, you shall not the two things with all weapons on horseback. With it they will be made fools of, if they rely upon their strength, and do not want to hold for correct art.</p>
 
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{{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 050v.jpg|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 051r.jpg|1|lbl=51r|p=1}}
 
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| <p>{{red|b=1|Here note the fencing with the short sword on horseback}}</p>
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<p>When you ride against him, hold your sword with the right hand by the handle, and with the left, grip the middle of the blade, and lie it as such in front of you onto the saddle bow. If he then rides onto your right side against you, and hews in above to the head, then parry with the sword from your left hand, and stab him to the face.</p>
 
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| <p>Or, if he comes so near to you that you may not stab to him or plant, then move with the front part of your sword in front to the top of his left shoulder around the neck, and jolt him to you onto the side with it, so he falls.</p>
 
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| <p>{{red|b=1|Again a play with the short sword}}</p>
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<p>When you ride against him with the short sword, if he then rides to the right side and stabs you to the body, set it aside simply with the short sword, and plant to him. Or, if he stabs you to the face, then rise against the stab and wind in the point above to the face. Or, if he comes near to you with it, then wait for the wrestling.</p>
 
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{{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 051r.jpg|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 051v.jpg|1|lbl=51v|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 051r.jpg|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 051v.jpg|1|lbl=51v|p=1}}
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| <p>{{red|b=1|Again a play}}</p>
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<p>Note, if you ride with half sword to his left side, if he then stabs you to the body, then rise with the pommel against your left side, and leave the blade hanging down next to you also to your left, and set his stab aside as such with the short sword, and plant to him.</p>
 
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| <p>{{red|b=1|Again a play}}</p>
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<p>Note, if you ride with the half sword to his left side, if he then hews in above to your head, then parry between both hands into the sword, and let go of the sword with the right hand, and come with it to the left to help in the middle of the blade, and strike him with the pommel to the head or to the left elbow.</p>
 
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| <p>{{red|b=1|Again a play}}</p>
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<p>Note, when you ride to his left side with the half sword, if he then hews in above to your head, then parry between your hands to the blade, and in the parry, grab your sword’s pommel with the left hand, and strike him with a free over hew from the long sword to the head.</p>
 
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{{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 051v.jpg|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 052r.jpg|1|lbl=52r|p=1}}
 
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| <p>{{red|b=1|Here note, with half sword against the lance}}</p>
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<p>Note, when you ride against him with half sword, and he against you with his lance to your right side, then note, when it goes to the hit, then rise with the half sword onto your right side against the lance, and set the stab aside, and ride to him with it and stab him to the face, or plant to him.</p>
 
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| <p>{{red|b=1|Again a play with the short sword on horseback against the lance}}</p>
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<p>Note, when you ride with the half sword, if he then hunts upon you with the lance to your left side and wants to plant to you, then rise with the pommel against your left side, and leave the point hanging down next to you also to your left side, and set aside with the short sword, and ride to him with it, and plant to him. If you may not come to the planting, then wait for the wrestling, etc.</p>
 
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Revision as of 01:40, 10 May 2018

Gloss and Interpretation of
the Recital on the Long Sword
die gloss und die auslegung der zettel
des langen schwerts
Johannes Liechtenauer.jpg
Author(s) Unknown
Ascribed to Pseudo-Peter von Danzig
Illustrated by Unknown
Date before 1452
Genre
Language Early New High German
State of Existence Original hypothetical;
multiple branches exist
Principal
Manuscript(s)
Cod. 44.A.8 (1452)
Manuscript(s)
First Printed
English Edition
Tobler, 2010
Concordance by Michael Chidester
Translations

"Pseudo-Peter von Danzig" is the name given to an anonymous late 14th or early 15th century German fencing master.[1] Some time before the creation of the Codex 44.A.8 in 1452, he authored a gloss of Johannes Liechtenauer's Recital (Zettel) which would go on to become the most widespread in the tradition. While the identity of the glossator remains unknown, it is possible that he was in fact Jud Lew or Sigmund ain Ringeck, both of whose glosses show strong similarities to the work. On the other hand, the introduction to the Rome version of the text could be construed as attributing it to Liechtenauer himself.

Stemma

Early on in its history, the Pseudo-Peter von Danzig gloss seems to have split into two or three primary branches, and no definite copies of the unaltered original are known to survive. The gloss of Sigmund ain Ringeck also seems to be related to this work, due to the considerable overlap in text and contents, but it is currently unclear if Ringeck's gloss is based on that of pseudo-Danzig or if they both derive from an even earlier original gloss (or even if Ringeck and pseudo-Danzig are the same author and the "Ringeck" gloss should be considered Branch D).

Branch A, first attested in the Augsburg version (1450s) and comprising the majority of extant copies, has more devices overall than Branch B but generally shorter descriptions in areas of overlap. It also glosses only Liechtenauer's Recital on long sword and mounted fencing; in lieu of a gloss of Liechtenauer's short sword, it is generally accompanied by the short sword teachings of Andre Liegniczer and Martin Huntfeltz (or, in the case of the 1512 Vienna II, Ringeck's short sword gloss). Apart from the Augsburg, the other principal text in Branch A is the Salzburg version (1491), which was copied independently[2] and also incorporates ten paragraphs from Ringeck's gloss and twenty from an unidentified third source. Branch A was redacted by Paulus Hector Mair (three mss., 1540s), Lienhart Sollinger (1556), and Joachim Meyer (1570), which despite being the latest is the cleanest extant version and was likely either copied directly from the original or created by comparing multiple versions to correct their errors. It was also one of the bases for Johannes Lecküchner's gloss on the Messer in the late 1470s.

Branch B, attested first in the Rome version (1452), is found in only four manuscripts; it tends to feature slightly longer descriptions than Branch A, but includes fewer devices overall. Branch B glosses Liechtenauer's entire Recital, including the short sword section, and may therefore be considered more complete than Branch A; it also differs from Branch A in that three of the four known copies are illustrated to some extent, where none in the other branch are. The Krakow version (1510-20) seems to be an incomplete (though extensively illustrated) copy taken from the Rome,[3] while Augsburg II (1564) collects only the six illustrated wrestling devices from the Krakow. Even more anomalous is the Glasgow version (1508), consisting solely of a nearly complete redaction of the short sword gloss (assigning it to Branch B), which is appended to the opening paragraphs of Ringeck's gloss of the same section; since it accompanies Ringeck's long sword and mounted fencing glosses, a possible explanation is that the scribe lacked a complete copy of Ringeck and tried to fill in the deficit with another similar text.

A Branch C might be said to exist as well, first attested in the Vienna version (1480s), though it is unclear whether it was derived independently from the original, represents an intermediate evolutionary step between Branches A and B, or was created by simply merging copies of the other branches together. The structure and contents of this branch very closely align with Branch B, lacking most of the unique devices of Branch A and including the gloss of the short sword, but the actual text is more consistent with that of Branch A. A fragment of Branch C appears in the writings of Jörg Wilhalm Hutter (several mss., 1520s), though Glasgow II (1533) assigns the fragment a much earlier origin, stating that it was devised by one Nicolaüs in 1489.

Finally, there is one version of the Pseudo-Peter von Danzig gloss that defies categorization into any branch, namely the one that Mair created based on papers purchased from the estate of Antonius Rast. This gloss is a chimeric abomination, combining text from all three branches in an apparently-arbitrary sequence, and then concluding with the final eighteen paragraphs of Ringeck.

While all branches were originally presented in a single concordance in this article, the differences between them were revealed thereby to be extensive enough that they merit separate consideration. Thus, Branch A has been placed on the page of Jud Lew, to whom is seemingly attributed the gloss on mounted fencing, while Branch B has been retained here. Branch C will be placed on another page in the future.

Treatise

Temporary division

Temporary division

Additional Resources

References

  1. This name stems from the false assumption of many 20th century writers identifying him with Peter von Danzig zum Ingolstadt.
  2. Both Augsburg and Salzburg contain significant scribal errors of omission that allow us to identify manuscripts copied from them.
  3. Zabinski, pp 82-83
  4. Per Trosclair, Goliath text reads "In the same way, the counterpart from the left side through, you shall always render hew and tread with each other as one."
  5. Or "tap-hit".
  6. "As painted hereafter" added in the Krakow.
  7. Couplets 102-109.
  8. Couplet 74.
  9. "and binds strongly on your sword therewith" omitted from the Krakow.
  10. Squint here means “an askew glance”, referring to both the sword's direction of travel and also the use of deception with the eyes with this hew.
  11. "the Four Openings" omitted from the Krakow.
  12. K. "The Following Technique".
  13. "from all" omitted from the Krakow.
  14. "with" omitted from the Krakow.
  15. Letter erased and overwritten.
  16. "with something" omitted from the Krakow.
  17. This text is a repetition of the first paragraph on folio 68r, but this is the illustration that corresponds to the text in Goliath (folio 54v).
  18. K. "with both hands".
  19. 19.0 19.1 Indecipherable due to an ink blotch.
  20. "and see" omitted from the Krakow.
  21. K. "Here you should drive four windings from both hands from the two over-hangings, that is, the ox".
  22. crosswise? across? obliquely?
  23. satelbogen, maybe saddle horn?
  24. let your lance sink down in front
  25. bridle?
  26. look into this, "in nöten"
  27. zu hilff - to help
  28. This is wrong, it is the 5th figure.
  29. eysenhuet - iron hat
  30. move him? move to him?
  31. Could be bridle. Have it as "reins" because it makes more sense in the context of the play below.
  32. Other one says "too".
  33. Typo in the source, should be 25 (xxv)
  34. Somewhere else it says "strike a glancing blow," I think that's the same idea
  35. This quatrain is a mess
  36. G. "wisely and masterfully".
  37. G. "students".
  38. Corrected from »sein«.
  39. Corrected from »seinem«.
  40. Glasgow contains extensive differences.
  41. The rest vanishes in the binding.
  42. And you should... with the point" omitted from the Glasgow.
  43. G. "work to the openings".
  44. "the face" omitted in the Glasgow.
  45. Clause omitted from the Glasgow.
  46. "you should not defend or displace" omitted from the Glasgow.
  47. Corrected from »dam«.
  48. Corrected from »dem«.
  49. Corrected from »vchsel«.
  50. G. "hold fast the blade and the fingers together".
  51. Corrected from »mit«.