Difference between revisions of "Martin Huntsfeld"

Martin Huntsfeld
Martin Huntsfeld
Born	date of birth unknown
Died	before 1452
Occupation	Fencing master
Nationality	German
Movement	Fellowship of Liechtenauer
Genres	Fencing manual ; Wrestling manual ;
Language	Early New High German
Notable work(s)	Cod. 44.A.8 (1452) ; MS Germ.quart. 2020 (1535-40) ;
Manuscript(s)	Cod. I.6.4º.3 (1460s) ; MS KK5126 (1480s) ; MS M.I.29 (1491) [more]
First printed; english edition	Tobler, 2010
Concordance by	Michael Chidester
Translations	Deutsch-Übersetzung ; Magyar fordítás ; Slovenski prevod ;

Revision as of 02:44, 7 May 2025

Martin Huntsfeld (Martein Hündsfelder, Huntfelt^[1]) was an early 15th century German fencing master. Based on his surname, his family likely comes from the village of Hundsfeld, about 20 km east of Würzburg (alternatively, he might be from Psie Pole, a district of present-day Wrocław). While Huntsfeld's precise lifetime is uncertain, he seems to have died some time before the creation of the Starhemberg Fechtbuch in 1452.^[2] The only other thing that can be determined about his life is that his renown as a master was sufficient for Paulus Kal to include him in the list of members of the Fellowship of Liechtenauer in 1470.^[3]

Huntsfeld authored treatises on armored fencing (both with the short sword and unarmed), dagger, and mounted fencing; some manuscripts (including the Augsburg, Salzburg, Nuremberg, Graz, Munich, and Rostock versions) erroneously credit to his armored teachings to Lew, while ascribing the armored fencing treatise of Andre Lignitzer to Huntsfeld instead.^[4]

Beginning with the Augsburg version (and later also in the works of Mair), the mounted fencing gloss attributed to Lew concludes with the poem that begins Huntsfeld's mounted teachings. It's likely that the manuscript was planned to include the entire mounted fencing treatise, but it was either never completed or, since the poem falls at the end of a quire, that the final quire containing it was later lost from the manuscript. The Vienna and Rostock versions further complicate the matter by including the poem separately from the Lew gloss but not including the Huntsfeld section either. The fact that the poem was eventually transmitted separately from either work suggests that it might not be the work of Huntsfeld at all. These versions are all listed here for lack of a better claim to authorship.

Textual History

Provisional stemma codicum expanded from Jaquet and Walczak

It's difficult to say when Huntsfeld's treatise was written, and the original is certainly lost at present.

The oldest extant copy of any of Huntsfeld's works is the Rome version (1452); this is also the only manuscript to include all three texts attributed to him. The Kraków version (1535-40) was probably based on this manuscript (or one just like it),^[5] though it shows occasional expansions by a later author, especially in the grappling treatise; the scribe also adds two references to illustrations in the short sword and eleven in the grappling, but these were never executed. The relationship of Glasgow version Ⅰ (1508) to Rome is unclear, but it also attributes the sword and buckler text to Lignitzer, and is the only manuscript apart from Rome and Kraków to include the grappling text. Both Glasgow Ⅰ and the Dresden version (1504-19), which only includes the sword and buckler but has a very complete copy of it (apart from being unattributed), might descend independently from the original Lignitzer text.

The second-oldest extant copy is Augsburg version Ⅰ, dated to the 1460s, which is based on an earlier manuscript possibly commissioned by Lew.^[6] and only includes the armored fencing, which it attributes to Martin Huntsfeld, and a fragment of the sword and buckler text, which it leaves unattributed. The Salzburg (1491), Nuremberg (ca. 1500), Vienna Ⅱ (ca. 1505), Graz (1539), Munich (1556), and Rostock (1565-70) versions also descend from this lost Lew manuscript in some way, but their relationships to each other aren't always clear^[7]—Munich's sword and buckler is based on Augsburg and Vienna Ⅱ is based on Nuremberg, but the others seem to descend independently from earlier lost versions (and have more complete copies of the sword and buckler than Augsburg and Munich).

The Vienna Ⅰ (1480s) and Ortenburg (late 1400s) versions only include Lignitzer's treatises on sword and buckler and the dagger and are unattributed. Andre Paurenfeyndt's 1516 book Ergrundung Ritterlicher Kunst der Fechterey ("Foundation of the Chivalric Art of Swordplay") also includes these two treatises and is textually close to Vienna Ⅰ and Ortenburg, but Jaquet and Walczak demonstrate that it was not copied from Vienna and instead likely derived from the same earlier source;^[8] it may instead have come from Ortenburg, which they didn't have access to. Paurnfenydt's book was later translated into French and published in Antwerp in 1538 by Willem Vorsterman under the title La noble science des ioueurs d'espee ("The Noble Science of Swordplay"); this was the first time a Liechtenauer text was translated into a second language. Additionally, Christian Egenolff included Paurnfeyndt's entire text in his compilation Der Allten Fechter gründtliche Kunst ("The Ancient Fencer's Foundational Art"), which was published in four editions between 1530 and 1558. And the Augsburg version Ⅱ is a faithful manuscript copy of Paurnfeyndt's book executed by Lienhart Sollinger in 1564. Glasgow version Ⅱ a fragment of dagger that also seem to descend from this branch, and this was copied into Munich alongside the sword and buckler fragment from Augsburg Ⅰ.^[9]

Paulus Hector Mair's three manuscripts—Vienna (1540s), Munich (1550s), and Vienna (1550s)—are unique in a few ways. They are also descended from the original Lew manuscript, though Jaquet and Walczak suggest that Mair may have accessed multiple different copies of the short sword treatise and attempted to unify them.^[10] The dagger treatise, meanwhile, seems to have been copied from Egenolff. Mair's initial compilation manuscript (Dresden) was subsequently translated into Latin, and this text is found in Munich and Vienna (which has both languages), marking the first time Liechtenauer texts were translated into Latin.

Treatises

Draft Translation (from the Rome) (2004) [edit]
by Mike Rasmusson

[1] Here you rise to well respected Master Martin Hundfeldt's art of combat with the shortened sword in harness from four guards

L1
L2
L3
L4
L5
L6
L7

[2] Mark that this is the first guard:

Take your sword in both hands and do so strongly, and come into the hanging point to the right ear, and stab at his face, and attack him in the face or anywhere else, if he wards then disengage, and go through with the stab, and attack him as before, and when you have reached him, then set your sword under your right armpit, and thus force him ahead of you.

[3] A second play

Stab to him as before, if he wards it with the forward point before his left hand, and sets it aside, then follow him with the left hand on his sword by the point, and push his stab off, and stab strongly to his crotch with the right hand. If he is wary of the stab, and also drops to your sword, then throw your sword in front of his feet, and push him or grab with the same arm, and then break him.

[4]

Another

You also want to strike him to the throat with the pommel from the high guard, or on the arm joint of the forward hand, or in the knee joint of the forward foot, and if he will ward this, when you strike him against the knee joint, and will over-reach you above, then displace his strike at the hilt, and put your point in his face.

[5] Note: That which one strikes with the pommel, is known as the thunder strike which you also want for under the eyes, striking to the visor with it.

[6]

Note: Mark when one leads in a circle at his pleasure, So attack to the left against a finger, and break upward, or stab him above into the gauntlet and in the hand, and lift the sword upward with the hand, and lead him in a circle, know that this is good, and also secret.

[7]

Note: If you will throw a man who has attacked you, then grasp over with the left hand over his left, and take the weight by his left elbow, this is good.

[8] Counter it thus

When he will grasp through, then counter his hand ahead with your sword by the vambrace.

[9] This is the second guard for combat in harness

Take the sword in both hands, and hold it over your knee, and go to the man. If he then stabs below to you then don't ward him but attack him to his face.

[10] Or if he stabs above be it to your face or anywhere else, then set his stab off with the forward part of your sword, and attack him to the face, or to the throat, and set your sword under your armpit, and force him ahead of you.

[11] Or set it aside between your two hands, and drive the pommel around his neck, and put your right foot in front of him, and so he falls.

[12] A counter against this

Take the arm well, and wrench around and try the arm break.

[13] Note: When you displace then drive above with the handle over his forward driven handle, and pull it to you, and counter, and attack.

[14] Or change through, and set aside with the pommel.

[15]

Break this thus:

Take the pommel well with the left hand and thrust back behind the sword, and stab, below to the testes.

[16] This is the third guard for combat in harness

Take the sword in both hands, and stand in your hanging by the right side so that the left foot stands forward, and when someone stabs to you, or will strike with the pommel, or will attack to you, then stab him to his forward hand.

[17] Another

Or stab through over his hand, and over his sword, and push the pommel to the ground, and attack.

[18] Yet another

Or strike through to his forward driven elbow with the pommel.

[19] Or below to the elbow, and against the sword hard on the blade, and under the right armpit or onto the knee.

[20] Note if he attacks on the middle of your sword to your face strong from the edge then quickly shove out.

[21] Note if he attacks you on the point then lift the sword over the head, and take the sword in both hands, and pull to you and strike him to his forward hand that he holds ahead to the attack, or to the knee joint, and grasp the sword again by the blade, and take advantage of the knee.

[22] This is the fourth guard for combat in harness

Take the sword under the right armpit, and go to the man with an attack, and attack him to the face, If he wards then disengage or attack him to the throat or to the shoulder, or under the armpit and force him thus from you, and when you have attacked then let him not come off, and if he then will come to you with strikes, and will work with the pommel, then follow him by pressing after, and don't let him come off to attack or stab again, when he does he will be short, this is an art to know.

[23] Of attacking

Mark all who would attack to do so, to the face or to the throat and to the left shoulder, or under the armpit, and thus force him.

[24]

Note: Mark, as you attack him to his left side then step off with the left foot. Or if you attack him to his right side then step off with the right foot, and stride ahead, and hit him on a side, if he withdraws the side then stab him to the head, know this is the best offense against people.

[25] Note: Mark, when you have attacked, and he is longer, then at the same time you hit ahead of yourself so that his point goes off upward, and he is fully attacked in the gorget.

[26]

Note: When he is shorter then you let your sword sink off below to the right hip, and as before go out upward with the point, and below the gorget is well attacked as before, and don't let him come off, he will then work with the pommel so observe the pressing after with the point so he can come to nothing as you observe, and is good.

[27]

Mark the counter against the attack to the face or wherever it may be

Stab him below to the hand that he has set forward on the blade, and thus lead him from the circle.

[28] Note: Or stab him over his forward hand, and punch the sword down toward the ground with the pommel, and attack him.

[29]

Note: Or set him aside between both your hands, and with the pommel thrust before the throat, and below with the right leg set behind his left, he is then thrown over.

[30] Note: Or set him aside with the point, and attack him to his face.

[31] Or change through with the pommel, and set it aside with it.

[32]

Or if he has turned the hand around on the blade then stab him above in the fingers, and lift out upward.

[33] Note, yet a counter against the attack:

Stab him below through his hand, and over his sword, and send the pommel over his left hand and pull down with it, and attack.

[34] Note: When one will drive the pommel over your right shoulder and around the neck, then grab his elbow with the left hand, and thrust him from yourself, and stab strongly with the right hand.

[35] Note: Or grab his right with the right hand, and take his weight with the left on his elbow.

[36]

Note: Pull him to yourself with the right hand, and grasp his body and take the side, and lift him, and strike him below from the foot so he falls, this is good too.

[37] Note: When he stabs then stab at the same time as him to his left side, and clasp his sword to your sword with your left hand, and twist the right hand down through his sword, and then strike him with both swords.

[38] Note: When one has attacked you, and you also to him, then this will counter near him as in forcing with the side to which he has attacked you, and grasp forward with your left hand to his sword by the point, and force him back to you, thus you take his side.

[39] Note: If you stab to one from the high guard to his face, if he then drops his left hand onto your sword ahead of your left, then drop your pommel below your right armpit into the guard, and attack him under his left armpit, or to the chest.

[40] Note: If you stab one to the face from the low guard, if he drops his left hand onto your sword ahead of your left then drive the right hand up into the high guard, and hang the point over his left hand, and attack him.

[41] Note: Know that all high attacks counter, and outreach the low ones, and in all attacks, twist your pommel under your right armpit into the guard, and thus force ahead of yourself with strength.

[42] Note: If you stab one to the face from the high guard, if he drops his left hand onto your sword between both of your hands then twist with the pommel inward through his arm…

[43]

…or outward over his arm to your left side, and pull to your right side, and attack him, this is called wrenching^[23] out below, and above.

[44] Note: When you have attacked one, and he is strong against you so that you can not force, and he then would grasp down through your sword with his left hand, and grabs your left, and will take your weight, then watch him as he sends his around then attack him under the left armpit, thus you win in weakness as he is strong and strength helps him not.

[45] Note: Stab at the same time with one from the low guard, and if strong then drive on the sword, if he is also strong then drive your right hand out with the pommel, and with the left put the point over his left arm before the chest or under his left armpit, and attack him, and in all attacks wind then in the bind under the armpit in the guard.

[46] Here you rise to master Martin Hundfeldt's art of holding down and standing up during combat in harness

Mark when he falls then fall on him always to the right side, and fall with the right knee between his legs, and fall with the left hand in front of his throat, and be not too rash so that you don't fall too far over him, and grab to his dagger, and don't show your own that you keep in reserve, if he would then drop to the dagger then stab him in the hand.

[47] A second hold

Take his right arm between your legs, and lay yourself across him and stretch yourself hard and hold your legs strongly together, and grasp with the left hand to his left arm, and hold it thus, and work the dagger with the right hand so that you go to both sides.

[48] Yet a hold

When you fall beside him then take his head under your left armpit, and wrap around his throat, and lay yourself with your body above over his face, and work with the right hand.

[49] Yet a hold

If he falls on his back then follow him with your right knee between his legs, and trap his right arm with your left kneecap, and grasp his left hand with your right, and pull it under his throat, and hold it fast with the left hand, and work with the dagger with the right.

[50] Yet a hold

If you throw him on his back then follow with your left knee on his right arm, and with your left before his throat, and push him hard with it, and grasp his left hand with the right, and grasp with the left helping the right, and hold his left hand with your left, and with the right hand work with the dagger.

[51] Another hold

If he falls on his back then grip both his legs under the knees with both hands, and lift him up and drop with the knee between his legs into the crotch, and hold both legs with one hand, and work with the dagger with the other.

[52] Yet a hold

Note: By the throat with the left over the hollow.

[53] Note: Under the right arm through and over the throat.

[54] If you throw him on his belly

Then follow with your right knee behind in the crook and with the left hand grasp over his face forward to the visor, and pull upward, and push down with the knee, If his visor is open then reach with your fingers to his eyes, or grasp with both hands on the face, and twist his neck so he falls on his stomach again.

[55] An arm break

Note: If he falls on his stomach then follow with one knee on his arm in the joint, and break upward.

[56] Note: When he lays on his belly then sit on him and step over his arm, and break it.

[57] Note: Sit straddling on his shoulder, and pull his head upward.

[58] Note: His right hand on your back extends well above you.

[59]

Note: If he grabs your visor with his fingers when it is opened up from below, when you lie on your belly then strike with your left hand to his left, or to his right with your right, and pull over you, and push his head to the ground, and help with hands and with feet so you come up.

[60] Yet a counter

Note: Grasp his left hand with your left, and pulling to you fall on your back and with the right hand grab his leg and lift upward so you come up.

[61] If you fall on your back

Note: If one throws you on your back, then mark just as you fall to put your left hand on your chest, and when he falls on you then grasp his left elbow with your left hand, and with your right hand grasp under his left knee and lift upward, and slip your body quickly out during the fall so you come over him.

[62] Another counter

Or bring your left arm around his neck, and lift with your right leg, and help with the right hand.

[63] Note: If you can't do this, and he works with the dagger, then always slip yourself outward if you don't want your left hand to be taken then grasp him under his hand below the dagger, and take the hand close when you will grab, and when you have the hand trapped then grasp with the right to his left elbow, and lift upward pulling the right knee to you, and look to see if he can be thrust from you.

[64] A good hold in wrestling

Grasp his right arm behind the hand with your right hand, and take his weight with your left hand on his right elbow, and with your right hand thrust his right arm well over your left arm and step behind him, and so hold him fast, if he is not thrown then grab his right leg below the knee.

[65] This is a lesson

If you have thrown one below you then cut or wrench a great play from his weapon belt, stab him then in his visor with the dagger, and let him not take it out, this is good when it's muddy, or fill his visor with dirt, or pull upward^[28] with the dagger out to the ground and throw him on the face.

[66] another lesson

Mark if you want to show him no opening then cut him from the weapon belt to the arm, or the pants, and whatever you stab from probing you cut off and if you find a belt then cut it off too and wherever you find something that will do you good, and stab well even on his dagger.

[67] Mark you also want to hit him with the pommel, or thrust to the heart, when he is on or at the shoulder or at the other joints.

[68] Mark during the striving to strike high or low to the ankle, and twist above to his side with the right.

[69] Thus also stab the openings behind to the body to the face between the shoulders inward below the armpit, and not disengage again until he is secure.

[70]

Draft Translation (from the Rome) (2004) [edit] by Mike Rasmusson	Rome Version (1452) [edit] Transcribed by Dierk Hagedorn	Glasgow Version Ⅰ (1508) [edit] Transcribed by Dierk Hagedorn	Glasgow Version Ⅱ (1533) [edit] Transcribed by Bartłomiej Walczak and Bartosz Starko	Kraków Version (1535-40) [edit] Transcribed by Michael Chidester	Dresden Version (Mair) (1542) [edit] Transcribed by Pierre-Henry Bas	Vienna Version-German (Mair) (1550s) [edit] Transcribed by Bartłomiej Walczak and Bartosz Starko	Munich Version (1556) [edit] Transcribed by Bartłomiej Walczak and Bartosz Starko
[1] This is dagger fencing as composed and devised by master Martin Hunnfelt who was well respected.	[94r.1] Das Ist das fechten das maister martein huntfeltz gesatzt vnd geticht hat mit dem degen Dem got genädig seÿ	[95v.1] Das ist das fechtñ Vnd dye ringen mit dem tegñ			[40r.1] Hernach volgen etliche stuckh auß dem vnndern stich	[236r.1] Hernachuolgen etliche Stuck auß dem Vnndternstich
[2] Mark when one stabs below to your body, and holds the dagger so that the disc stands forward on the hand.	[94r.2] Merck wenn dir ein° zu° sticht mit dem degen vnden zu° dem leib vnd hat den degen gefast das die scheib vorñ an der hant stet ~	[95v.2] Merck wen dir ainer zu sticht zu dem leib vndten / oder zu dem diech / vnd hat dengen ge den tegen gefasst / das im dÿe scheib vorn in der hant stet	[198r.2] Item wen ainer zu dir sticht zu dein leÿb vnden oder sunst an den glidern vnd hat den degen gefast das die scheÿb da vornen stat an den henden so thu als ietz kompt ~ ~ ~	[103v.1] Merckh wenn dir einer zu sticht, mit dem degen unnthen zu dem leib, Unnd hat denn degen gefasst, das die scheub vorn an der hannt steet.	[40r.2] Ein pruch so ainner von vnnden zu dir sticht Item wann ainer zu Dir sticht von vnnden. vnnd hat den dolchen gefast. das die scheib beim dauornen ^doumen steet. an den hennden.	[236r.2] Ein bruch / So einer von vnden durchsticht. Item Wann einer zu dir sticht / von vnndten / vnnd hat den dolchen gefasst das die scheib beim Daumen dauornen steet / an den hennden /	[76r.2] Item wen ainer zu dir sticht zu dem leib vnden oder sünst an den glidern vnd hat dem degen gefast das die shaib da fornen steet an dem handen so thüe als ietz kompt
[3] Counter this thus Item: hold your left hand in front of you on the belly, and when he stabs down then strike upward with your left hand onto his right arm, and drive through inward under his right arm, so that your left arm comes outward to his right, and step well to him, and lift upward, and break his arm over your left shoulder.	[94r.3] Das prich also Item halt dein lincke hant für dir an dem pauch vnd wenn er vnden zu° sticht so slach In mit der lincken hant oben auf sein rechte arm~ vnd var Im Innwendig vnden durch sein rechten arm~ vnd das dein lincker arm~ aus wendig auf sein rechten chüm vnd trit wol zu° Im vnd heb vber sich vnd prich ÿm den arm~ vber dein lincke achsel ~	[95v.3] Item das prich also / halt dei~ lincke hãt vor dir an den pauch / vnd wen er vndten zu sticht / so schlag in [96r.1] mit der lincken hant / oben auff sein rechtñ arm~ / vnd far im in wendig vnden dürch sein rechten arm~ / vnd dein lincker arm~ auss wendig auff sein rechtñ arm kume / vnd trit wol zu im / vnd hab vbersich / vnd prich im den arm vber dein lincke achseln	[198r.3] Item also brich das hab dein linck hand vornemen am dich an dich an den bauch vnd wan er vnden zu dir sticht so schlag im mit deinen linken hand oben auf sein rechten arm [198v.1] vnd mit deinem rechten arm im vnden durch seinen rechten arm auswendig auf sein rechten arm~ kom vnd drist zu im vnd hab in von vnd brich im den arm vber dein linck achseln ab oder er mus fasen[!] ~ ~ ~ ~ ~	[103v.2] Das brich also. Hallt dein linncke hannt, fur dir ann deinn pauch, Unnd wenn er unnthen zusticht, So schlag in mit der linnckhen hannt, oben auf seinnen Rechtenn arm, Unnd var ime inwendig unnden durch, seinn rechten arm, Unnd^[29] das deinn linnckher arm, auswenndig auf seinn, rechten khumb, Unnd drit wol zu ime, Unnd heb ÿbersich, unnd, prich ime, den arm, ÿber dein linckhe ~ agsell.	[40r.3] so prich das also. Hab dein linckhen hannd vornen ann dem pauch vnnd wenn er vnnden zu dir sticht so schlag Im mit deinner linckhen hannd oben auf sein rechten Arm vnnd mit deinem rechten Arm vnnden gee durch seinnen rechten arm auß wenndig auf sein rechten seiten. so prichstu Im den arm vber dein linckhe Achsel oder er muoß _~fallen.	[236r.3] so brich das allso: hab dein linngge hannd vornen an den bauch / vnnd wann er vnnden zu dir sticht / so schlag jme mit deiner linnggen hannd / oben auf seinenn rechten arm / vnnd mit deinem rechten arm / gee vnndten durch seinen rechten arm / auswenndig auf sein rechte seitten / So brichstu jme den arm über [236v.1] dein linngge achsel / oder er muß fallen..	[76r.3] Item also bricht das / hab dein linckhen handt vornemen an dich an den bauch vnd wen er vnden zu dir sticht so schlag in mit deiner linckhen handt oben auff sein rechten arm / vnd mit deinem rechten arm im vnden / durch seinen rechten arm außwendig auff sein rechten arm kom vnd drit zu im / vnd hab in for vnd brich im den arm vber dein linckhen achsel ab oder er muss fasen[!]
[4] This is another counter Mark, when he stabs down to you then drop your left hand from above down to the dagger so that your thumb stands before you, and strike up with the right hand from below under his right forearm near the hand, thus you follow the dagger.	[94r.4] Das ist ein ander pruch Merck wenn er dir vnden zu° sticht so fall ÿm von oben nider mit der lincken hant in den degen das dein daum von dir stee vnd slach mit der rechten hãt von vnden auf ÿm vnder sein rechte arm~ vorñ peÿ der hant so volgt dir der degen	[96r.2] Aber ein pruch Wen er dir vndtñ zu stich / so fall im von oben nÿder / mit der lincken hant in sein tegen / das dein dawm von dir stee / vnd schlag mit der rechtñ hant vndtñ auff / im vndtersein rechtñ arm vorn peÿ der hant / so folgt dir sein tegen	[198r.1] Item wen dir einer zu sticht mit dem tegen so fal im oben nider mit deinen lincken hand in sein hand das er den von dir ste vnd schlag mit deiner rechten hand vnden auf im in sein rechten arm farnen beÿ der hand so folget dir der degen vnd mus dir in lan ~ ~ ~ ~	[104v] aliud Wenn er dir unnthen zu sticht, Wie im aller erstn ditz püchl gemelt, So vall im von oben nider, mit der linnckhen hannt, inn den degen, das dein daumb von dir stee, Unnd schlag mit der rechten hannt von Unnthen auf, Im Unnther sein rechte arm, Vorn beÿ der hannt, so volgt dir der degn.	[53r.1] Etliche stückh vom dolchen nemen. Item wann dir Ainer zusticht mit dem dolchen so fall Im oben nider mit deiner linckhen hannd Inn sein lincke hannd. vnnd schlag Im mit deiner rechten hannd mit deinem dolchen. von vnnden vff Im Inn sein rechten arm. vornen bey der hannd. so wirt dir sein dolchen Inn deine hennd. vnnd muosz dir In lassen.	[247] Etliche stuck / vom dolchennemen. Item Wann dir ainer zu sticht mit dem dolchen / so fall jme oben nider mit deiner linnggen hannd / jn sein linngge hannd / vnnd schlage jme mit deiner rechten hannd mit deinem dolchen von vnnden auf / jme jn seinen rechten arm / vornen bej der hannd / so wird dir sein dolchen in deine hannd / vnnd er muß dir jne lassen.	[76r.1] Item wen dir ainer zusticht mit dem degen so fal im oben nider mit deiner linckh handt in sein handt das er den vor dir stee vnd schlag mit deiner rechten handt vnden auff im in sein rechten fornen beÿ der handt so folget dir den degen vnd muß dir in lasen
[5] Yet a counter Mark, when he stabs down to you then grasp his hand with your left hand, and step through his arm with your head, and in the step grab his right leg with your right hand, and force him thus as you will. Or with your right hand strike up under his elbow from below backward on the joint.	[94r.5] Aber ein pruch Merck wenn er dir vnden zu° sticht so begreif im die hant mit deiner [94v.1] lincken hant vnd lauf ÿm mit dem haubt durch den arm~ vnd begreif in in dem lauf mit der rechten hant sein rechts pain vñ trag in also wo dw hin wild Oder slach von vnden auf In vnder den elpogen mit der rechten hant hinden in das gelenck ~	[96r.3] Aber ein pruch Wen er dir vndten zu stich / so begreyff im die hant mit deiner linckñ hant vnd mit dem haubt lauff im durch den arm~ / vnd begreiff im in dem lauff mit der rechtñ hant sein rechtz pain / vnd trag in also wo du hin wild / vnd behalt den tegen / Oder schlag võ vndtñ auff in vndter den elpogñ mit der rechtñ hant hinden an das gelenck /		[105r] Aliud Wenn er dir unnthen zu sticht, So begreif ime, die hannt mit deiner linnckhen hannt, Unnd lauf ime mit dem haupt durch, den arm Unnd begreif in, in dem lauff, mit der rechten hannt, sein rechts bain, Unnd drag in also wo du hin Willt, ~ Oder Schlag von unnthen auf in unnther den elbogen, mit der rechten hannt, hinnden in das glennckh. ~
[6] Yet a counter Mark, when he stabs down, then grab his arm with the left hand, and push down, and follow with your right hand from below up to the elbow, and with it pull upward, this is good.	[94v.2] Aber ein pruch Merck wenn er dir vnden zu° sticht so greif ÿm den arm~ mit der lincken hant vnd druck vnder sich vnd fal ÿm mit der rechten hant von vnden auf in den elpogen vnd zeuch do mit vbersich daz ist gu°t	[96r.4] Aber ein pruch / begreyff im den arm~ mit der linckñ hant / vnd druck vndtersich / vnd fall im mit der rechtñ hant võ vndtñ auff in den elpogñ / vnd da mit vbersich / das ist gutt /		[105v] Aliud. Wenn er dir unthen zu sticht, so greif im den arm mit der linnckhen hannt, Unnd druckh unndersich, Unnd fal im mit der rechten hannt Vonn unnthen auf, In den elbogen unnd zeuch domit ÿber sich das ich[!] guet.
[7] This is how one shall wrench out with the dagger Mark when he holds the dagger so that the disk stands out in front of the hand, then hold yours so too, if he stabs down to you then drive yours at the same time, and bind your dagger onto his, and immediately with your left hand grasp downward to his from above with your thumb toward yourself, and twist your dagger on his right hand, and with your left break his dagger over your dagger upward thus taking his dagger.	[94v.3] Das ist wie man den degen aus reissen sol Merck wenn er den degen hat gefast das Im die schaid vorñ an der hant stet so fas deinen auch also Sticht er dir denn vnden zu° so stich mit ÿm geleich ein vñ pint mit deine~ degen an den sein vnd begreif pald den seinen von oben nider mit der lincken hant das dein daumen gegen dir stee vnd went deinen degen auf sein rechte hant vnd mit der lincken prich seinen degen vber deinen degen vbersich so nÿmpstu ÿm den degen ~	[96r.5] Das ist wie man den tegen ausß reyssñ sol Item wen er den tegen hat gefast das im dye scheib vornan der hant stet / so faß den dein auch also / stich er dir dan vndtñ zu / so stich mit im geleich vnd pi~t mit deine~ tegeñ an den sein / vnd begreyff pald sein tegen / von oben mit lincker hant / das dein dawm gegen dir ste / vnd windt dein tegen auff sein rechte hant / vnd mit der lincken wurg sein vber deinen tegen / so ny~bstu im de~ tegen /		[106r] Wie man die degen ausreissen soll. Merckh, wenn er hat den degen gefasst, daß die scheidt vorn stet an der hannt, So vaß deinnen Degen auch also, ~ Sticht, Er dir denn unthen zu So stich mit im gleich ein, Unnd pinnt mit deinnem degen an den seinen, Unnd begreiff balt den seinnen von oben nider, mit der linkchen hannt, das dein daumb gegen dir stee, Unnd Wennt deinnen degen auf sein rechte hannt, Und mit der Linckhen prich seinnen degen, ÿber deinen degen Ÿbersich so nimbstu im den degen.
[8] Yet a wrench out Mark, if he has held the dagger, so that the disc stands against his little finger, and stabs up to you, then invert your left hand, and drive up from below, and grasp his forearm near his hand below his dagger, and wrench^[30] his dagger upward with your left arm.	[94v.4] Aber ein aus reissen Merck hat er den degen gefast das die scheib an seine~ klaine finger stet vnd sticht dir oben zu° so ver ker dein lincke hant vnd var von vnden auf vnd be [95r.1] greif ÿm den arm~ vorñ peÿ der hannt vnder seine~ degen vnd würg ÿm den degen mit deine~ lincken arm~ vbersich auf	[96r.6] Aber ein auß reÿssñ Item sticht er dir oben zu / vnd hat den tegen gefast / das im dye scheib hindtñ an seiner hãt stet / so verker dein lincke hant / vnd far im vndtñ auff / gegen seinem stich / in sein rechtñ arm~ / vnd begreyff im den arm~ vorñ pey der hant / vnd wurg im den tegeñ mit deine~ rechtñ arm~ vber sich auß		[106v] Aber ein ausreissen. Hat er den degenn gefasst, daß die scheub ann seinnem clainnen finger steet, Unnd sticht dir oben zu, ~So verker dein Linnckhe hant Unnd var Von Unnthen auf, Unnd begreiff Im denn Arm, Vornn peÿ der hannt, Under seinnem degen, Unnd wurg ime den degen mit deinem Linckhen arm ÿersich auf.
[9] Counter this thus Mark, when you stab down to one from above, and hold your dagger so that the disc lies behind your hand, if he displaces with an inverted hand, whichever hand it is, and will wrench around your right arm, or wrench^[31] out the dagger, then twist your dagger over his hand and cut his hand off.	[95r.2] Also prich das Merck wenn du auf einen stichst von oben nider vnd hast den degen gefast das die scheib hinden an deiner hant stet Vor setzt er mit verkarter hant es sey mit welich° hant es seÿ vnd wil dir den rechten arm~ vmb reiben oder den degen aus wurgen so wind Im den degen vber sein hant vñ schneid ÿm ab die hant ~	[96r.7] Also prich das außreyssen [96v.1] Wen du auff einen stichst von obñ / vnd hast den tegen gefast das dye scheib hindtñ an deiner hant stett / vnd so er dir versetzt mit v°kerter hant / es sey mit welicher hant das sey / vnd wil dir den rechtñ arm~ vmbreibñ / oder den tegen auß würgen / So wendt im dein tegñ vber sein hant / vnd kumb mit deiner lincken hant dem tegñ zu hilf vnd begreyff in vorñ peÿ dem spitz / vnd schneid im ab dye hant /
[10] Yet a counter Mark, if he stabs downward from above, and has held his dagger so that the disc lies behind the hand, then also hold your dagger so, and stab up from below against his stab with an inverted dagger, and leave the hand and don't grapple, and stab to the face.	[95r.3] Aber ein pruch Merck sticht er von oben nyder vnd hat den degen gefast das die scheib hinden an der hant stet So fass dein degen auch also vnd stich von vnden auf mit verkartem degen gegen seinen stich vnd lass dir die hant nicht begreiffen vnd stich in das gesicht ~	[96v.2] Aber ein pruch / faß den tegen / auch das dye scheyb hindten an der hant ste / vnd wen er stich von oben hernÿder / so stich du võ vndtñ auff / von deiner lincken seyttñ mit verkertem degen / vnd laß dir dye hant nicht begreÿffen / vnd stich in in das gesicht /		[107r.1] Bruch Sticht er dir von oben nider, unnd hat den degen gefasst das die Scheub hinnthen an der hannt steet, So faß deinn degen auch also, Unnd stich vonn unnden auf mit ver khertem degen, gegen seinem stich, Unnd laß dir die hannt nit begreiffen, Unnd stich in das gesicht.
[11] Yet a counter Mark, if he holds his dagger so that the disc lies behind the hand, then hold yours so as well, if he then stabs high to you, then stab up from below with an inverted dagger from your left side against his stab, and drive your dagger over his forearm near the hand, and push down with the dagger, and with the left take him forcefully by the elbow.	[95r.4] Aber ein pruch Merck hat er den degen gefast das ÿm die scheib hinden an der hant stet So fass den deinen auch also sticht er dir denn oben zu° so stich von vnden auf von dein° lincken seitten gegen seine~ stich mit vor kartem degen vnd var mit deine~ degen vber sein arm~ vorñ peÿ der hant vnd druck nÿder mit dem degen vnd mit der lincken nÿm ÿm das gewicht peÿ [95v.1] dem elpogen ~	[96v.3] Item wilt du nit in das gesicht stechen / so far mit deine~ degen vber seinen arm~ vorñ pey der hant / vnd druck nÿder mit dem tegen / vnd mit der linckñ hant nym Im das gewicht bey de~ Elpogñ /		[107r.2] Aliúd Hat er den degen gefasst das die scheib hinnden an der hannt steet, So faß den deinnen auch also, Sticht Er dir dann oben zu, So Stich, von unnthen auf Von deinner linnckhen seite, gegen seinem stich, mit Verkherrtem degen, Unnd far mit deinnem degen ÿber seinn, arm, vern[!] Peÿ der hannt und druckh nider, mit dem degen, Unnd mit der linckhen Nim im dz d gewicht beÿ dem elbogen.
[12] Mark when you have driven your dagger over his hand, then with the left hand grasp below through your right to your dagger's blade, and push your arms close together, and pull well downward, thus you have his arm trapped.	[95v.2] Merck wenn dw mit deine~ degen vber sein hant gefarñ pist so greif mit deiner linckñ hant vnden durch dein rechte in dein degen klingen vnd druck dein arm~ vast zu° samen vnd ruck vast vnder sich so hastu Im den arm~ gefangen ~	[96v.4] Item / wen du mit deine~ tegen vber sein hant gefarñ pist / so greyff mit deiner lincken hant vndtñ durch dein rechte hant in dein tegen klingeñ / vnd druck dein arm~ vast zu samen / vnd ruck vast vndtersich / so hastu Im den arm~ gefangen
[13] Mark when he holds his dagger so that the disc stands behind the hand, and stabs high to you, then invert your left hand, and with it grasp his right, and with the other hand stab him where you will or grab his leg with the right, and thus come to wrestle.	[95v.3] Merck hat er den degen gefast das die scheib hinden an der hãt stet vnd sticht dir oben zu° so verker dein lincke hant vnd begreif im do mit sein rechte vnd mit der anderñ hant stich ÿn wo dw hin wild oder begreif Im das pain mit der rechten vnd chum also zu° ringen ~	[96v.5] Aber ein pruch Begreyff im dye hant mit lincker verkerter hant / vnd mit der anderñ da du den tegen innen hast / stich du in wo du hin wilt / Oder begreyff Im das pain mit der rechtñ hant / vnd kumb also zu ringñ		[107v] Merckh wann dier ainer zu sticht, oben, Unnd er hat den degen gefast das die Scheib hinnden an der hannt steet, So verker dein linckhe hannt, unnd begreif im domit seinn Rechte, Unnd mit der anndern hannt, stich ine Wo du hin Willt, oder begreif ime dz pain, mit der rechten, Unnd khumb also zu Rinngen.
[14] Mark, when you have grasped his right hand with your inverted left hand then strike with the right hand from above down to his arm joint, and break his right arm over your right.	[95v.4] Merck wenn du Im mit lincker vorkarter hant sein rechte hant begriffen^[32] hast so slach in mit der rechten hant von oben nyder in die arm~püg vnd prich ÿm sein rechten arm~ vber deinem rechten ~	[96v.6] Item / Oder wen du im den arm~ vmbgeriben hast / so schlag in mit der rechtñ hant võ oben nÿder in die armpueg /
[15] Item: when one stabs up from below then you stab strongly from above down taking the stab, and fight him.	[95v.5] Item wenn ein° von vnden auf sticht so stich du starck von oben nÿder den hölen stich vnd tempf ÿn ~	[96v.7] Item wen ainer von vndtñ auff sticht / so stich du starck võ oben nÿder den holen vnd tempf in
[16] Mark, this is called the Key with which one unlocks all locks,^[33] this works when one stabs up to you with a dagger, and you hold no weapon in your hands, then stand still, and place your hands over one another from which you shall open up all locks against the dagger one stabs to you high or low.	[95v.6] Merck das haist der schlüssel dar vmb das man alle schlos do mit auf schleust der get also zu wenn einer auf dich sticht mit eine~ degen vnd du in den henden kain were nicht hast so stee still vñ leg dein hendt eine auf die ander dar aus soltu auf schliessen alle schlos gegen dem degen einer stech auf dich oben [96r.1] oder vnden ~	[96v.8] Hye merck den schlussel Das ist haist der schlussel daru~b das er alle sloß auf schleust der get also zu / wen ainer auff dich sticht mit eine~ tegen / vnd du in den hendñ kain wer nit hast / so ste still / vnd leg dein hent [97r.1] eine auff dye andern kreutzweiß vorñ fur dich darauß magstu auff schlissen alle schloß dye aine~ stich auff dich oben oder vndtn /
[17] Mark the counter from the Key with empty hands Mark if one stabs to you high with the dagger then invert your right hand, and grab his right forearm near the hand, and wrap around his arm, and with the left hand take it strongly by the elbow, and while you take him with strength then thrust his right arm up over your left with your right hand, and with your left arm lift his right over yourself so you have him trapped, and can eat, and drink near him and he can't come away from you.	[96r.2] Merck die pruch aus dem schlüssel mit leren henden Merck sticht dir einer oben zw° mit dem degen so ver ker dein rechte hant vnd fach seinen rechten arm~ vorñ peÿ der hant vnd raÿd ÿm den arm~ vmb vnd mit der lincken nÿm ÿm das gewicht peÿ dem elpogen vnd die weil dw ÿm das gewicht nÿmpst so stos mit dein° rechten hant seinen rechten arm~ oben vber deinen lincken vnd heb mit dem lincken arm~ seinen rechten vbersich auf so hastu In gefangen vnd magst neben ÿm essen vnd trincken das er von dir nicht mag kumen ~	[97r.2] Merck dye pruch auß dem schlischel mit lern hendtñ Stich dir einer zu mit dem tegen / so verkere dein rechte hant / vnd sein rechtñ arm~ / vorñ peÿ seiner rechtñ hant / vnd reib im den arm~ vmb / vnd mit deiner lincken hant nÿm im das gewicht pey de~ Elpogn / vnd dye weil du im das gewicht nymbst mit deiner lincke~ hãt / so stoß in mit deiner rechtñ hant seinen rechtñ arm~ oben vber deinen lincken arm~ gar wol / vnd heb mit deine~ linckñ arm~ seine~ rechtñ arm~ vber sich auff / so hast du in gefangñ / vnd magst nebñ im essen vnd tringeñ /		[108r] Prich aus dem schlissl, mit leren hennden. Sticht dir einer oben zu mit dem degen, so verkerr deinn rechte hannt, Unnd vach seinen rechten arm, vor beÿ den hannt, Unnd raid im den arm umb und mit der linnckhen nimb ime das gewicht, peÿ dem elbogen, unnd dieweil du im dz gewicht nimbst, So stoß mit deiner rechten hannt, seinen Rechten arm oben ÿber deinn linnckhen, Unnd heb mit dem linnckhen arm seinen rechten Ÿbersich auf so hastu in gefanngen, Und magst Neben im essen Umd[!] trinckhen, dz er von dir nit Mag khummen.
[18] Yet a counter with empty hands When one stabs down to you then drop your left hand onto his right, and hold it tight, and grasp with an inverted right hand down to his dagger, and twist his dagger by the point up from below and toward his body, and step with your chest behind on the dagger thus stabbing him with his own dagger.	[96r.3] Aber ein pruch mit lerñ henden Wenn dir einer vnden zu° sticht so fall ÿm mit der lincken hant auf sein rechte vnd halt die fest vnd greif mit rechter verkartter hant vnden in sein degen vnd wend ÿm sein degen von vnden auf zw° seine~ leib mit der spitz vnd lauf mit dein° prust hinden an den degen so stichstu ÿn mit seine~ aigen degen ~	[97r.3] Aber mit lern hendtñ Wen dir einer zu sticht vndtñ / so fall im mit der linckñ hant auff sein rechte hant vnd halt dye fest / vnd greyff mit rechter verkerter hant vndtñ in sein tegen / vnd wend im sein tegen von vndtñ auff mit dem spitz zu seine~ leib / vnd lauff mit deiner prust hindtñ an den tegen / so stichstu in mit seine~ aige~ tegeñ /		[108v] Aber mit leren hennden. Wenn dir einner Unnthen zu sticht, so vall im mit der linnckhen hannt, auf seinn rechte, Unnd hallt die vesst, Unnd greif mit rechter Verkherrter hannt, Unnthen inn seinn degen, Von Unthen auf zu seinnem leib, mit der spitz, Unnd lauf mit deinr brust hinnden an den degen, So stichstu in mit seinem aigenen degen.
[19] Still with empty hands When one stabs down with the dagger to you then grasp his arm with both hands, and step through the arm and hold tight, thus you break his arm and also take the dagger, if you want.	[96r.4] Aber mit leren hendñ Wenn dir einer mit dem degen vnden zu° sticht so begreif ÿm den arm~ arm~ mit paiden henden vnd lauf ÿm durch den arm~ [96v.1] vnd halt fest So prichstu Im den arm~ auch nÿmpstu Im den degen ob dw wild ~	[97r.4] Aber mit lerñ henden / Wen dir ainer vndtñ zu sticht / so begreyff im den arm~ mit payden hendñ / vnd lauff im durch den arm~ / vnd reib vmb / so sprichst du im den arm~ / auch nymbst du im den tegen ob du wild		[109r] Aber mit lern hennden. Wenn dir einner mit dem degen Unnthen Zu Sticht, So begreif ime den arm, mit beden hennden. Unnd lauf ime durch den arm, Umd[!] halt Vesst So prichstu im den arm, Und nimbst im den degen ab du willt.
[20] Another When you have grabbed the arm with both hands, then wrench over, and twist yourself around to your right side, and break his arm over your left shoulder.	[96v.2] Ein anders Wenn dw Im den arm~ mit paiden henden begriffen hast So raid vmb vnd wendt dich durch auf dein rechte seitten vnd prich ÿm den arm~ vber dein lincke achsel	[97r.5] Aber mit lerñ hendñ Begreÿff im den arm~ mit paydñ hendñ / vnd reib vmb / vnd went dich durch auff dein rechte seÿttñ vmb / prich im den arm~ vber dein lincke achsel		[109v] Aliúd. Wenn du im den arm begriffen hast, mit baiden hennden, so Raid umb unnd wenndt dich durch auf dein Rechte seite, unnd prich ime den arm ÿber dein linckhe agsl.
[21] Still with empty hands When one stabs to you, then grasp his arm with both hands, and step well to him, and twist yourself to your right side, and break his arm over your chest.	[96v.3] Aber mit leren henden Wenn dir einer zu sticht So begreif ym den arm~ mit paiden henden vnd trit wol zw ÿm vnd wendt dich auf dein rechte seitten vnd prich ÿm den arm~ vber dein prust	[97r.6] Mit lern hendñ Begreyff im den arm~ mit payde~ hendñ / vñ tritt wol zu im / vñ went dich auff dei~ rechte seyttñ vñ prich im den arm~ vber dei~ prust		[110r] mit lern henndn. Wenn die einer zu sticht So begreif ime den arm, mit baiden henntn, Unnd trit Wol zu im, Unnd Wenndt dich auf deinn Recht seiten, und prich ime den arm ÿber dein Recht prust.
[22] Or try wrestling Drive ahead with your left hand to his neck, and stride with your left foot behind his right, and throw him over your left knee from the foot.	[96v.4] Oder treib das ringen Var mit deiner lincken hant vorñ für sein hals vnd schreit mit deinem lincken fues hinder seinen rechten vnd würf ÿn vber dein lincks knÿe aus dem fuess ~	[97r.7] Oder treib das ringen / far mit deiner linckeñ hant vorñ fur sein halß / vnd schreitt mit dem lincken fuß hindter sein rechtñ fuß / vnd wurff in vber dein linckes knye auß dem fuß
[23] With Empty Hands When he stabs then grasp his right hand with your left, and with the right grasp him below the elbow, and pull it to yourself, and with the left thrust his arm upward, and spring with your right foot behind his left, and throw him from the foot over your right knee.	[96v.5] Mit leren henden Wenn er sticht so begreif Im die rechten hant mit deine° lincken vnd mit der rechten begreif Im vnden den elpogen vñ zeuch do mit do mit zu° dir vnd mit der lincken stos ym den arm~ oben von dir vnd spring mit deinem rechten fuess hinder seinen lincken vnd würf ÿn aus dem fuëss vber dein rechtzs knÿe ~	[97r.8] Mit lern hendtñ [97v.1] Begreyff Im dye recht hant mit deiner lincken / vnd mit der rechten begreiff im vnden den elpogen / vnd zeuch damit zu dir / vnd mit der linckñ hant stoß in oben von dir / vnd spring mit deine~ rechtñ fueß hindter seinen lincken fuß / vnd wurff in auß dem fuß vber dein rechtes knÿe etc /		[110v] ~Mit lernn henndn. Wenn Er sticht So begreif im die recht hannt mit deinner linnckhen, Unnd mit der rechten begreif im Unnthen den Elbogen, Und zeuch domit Zu dir Unnd mit der linnckhen stoß im den arm oben von dir, Unnd spring mit deinem rechtn fueß, hinter seinn linckhen, Unnd wirf in aus dem fueß ÿber dein rechts khnie.
[24] End		[97v.2] Finis

Illustrations
from the Kraków Version

Draft Translation (from the Rome) (2020) [edit]
by Stephen Cheney

Draft Translation (from the Latin) (2019) [edit]
by Per Magnus Haaland

Rome Version (1452) [edit]
Transcribed by Dierk Hagedorn

Augsburg Version (1460s) [edit]
Transcribed by Dierk Hagedorn

Vienna Version Ⅰ (1480s) [edit]
Transcribed by Dierk Hagedorn

Ortenburg Version (late 1400s) [edit]

Nuremberg Version (ca. 1500) [edit]

Vienna Version Ⅱ (1505) [edit]
Transcribed by Dierk Hagedorn

Kraków Version (1535-40) [edit]
Transcribed by Michael Chidester

Dresden Version (Mair) (1542) [edit]
Transcribed by Bartłomiej Walczak

Vienna Version-German (Mair) (1550s) [edit]

Munich Version (Mair) (1550s) [edit]

Vienna Version-Latin (Mair) (1550s) [edit]

Munich Version (1556) [edit]

Rostock Version (1570) [edit]
Transcribed by Dierk Hagedorn

[1] Here begins Master Martin Huntfelt’s art, God be gracious to him, on horseback with the lance and with the sword, written hereafter

1

5

10

15

20

25

30

Stride on horseback
Learn from both sides
Thereafter certainly
Know the horse well
Also note the side
Which you wish to advantageously stride
Whoever thinks about you
His sword wins coming to you
Wind on without misgiving
If you want no pain
Thereafter note
Stitch lance wielding with strength
Run to the first opening
Then grasp the bridle long with sense

Thereafter stride forth
Thwart the lance over a side
Then note the side
So you want to ride with art
So correctly with sense
Then you want to win set-aside
Right long, let hang
That I praise, if you want to wrestle
Whoever wants to hew upon you
Parry, you shall free yourself
When you have parried
Then all of his hews are destroyed
So you find with slice
Behind and in front,
thereafter hew away to him
Reins, left leg, otherwise threaten him

[2] These are the techniques with the lance

Item: Run in equally with him with the lance, and stand up from the left arm.

[3] Item: Set aside short with both hands with the lance

[4] Item: So someone strikes away your lance with the sword, jab him with the lance with the back part to the testicles, or move with the arm to his arm and take his sword.

[5] Sword against sword

Item: Lay your sword on the left arm, and when someone hews onto you, stand up, hew away hand, reins, left leg.

[6] Item: Stand up with the sword, and take his sword.

[7] Item: Go up with your pommel and hew to his head. Counter lance and all weapons with it.

[8] Item: When you strike to his head and he parries you, hang well from your right arm. Throw or stab him to his arm.

[9] Item: Parry the stab or the hit, and move with the pommel to his neck, and throw him.

[10] Item: When he rides to you to the left side, parry and strike an over hew to his head, or stab him in the neck.

[11] Item: Take your sword in the left hand, and lay it on the neck of the horse, and when he strikes, parry and stab him to the neck.

[12] Item: When he strikes, parry and thrust with your hilt under his arm, and with your right foot, move under his saddle rim and raise his foot high, and lift up his arm with your hilt, and therefore throw him from the horse.

[13] Item: This technique is the noble sheep hold, as you well know how one shall perform it.

[14] Item: One sword with the other taken from the hanging point. Grab his arm in which he holds the sword, and thrust through him and take his sword, or pull him from the horse.

[15] Item: As before, hew an over hew straight to his head.

[16] Item: Go up from the left arm, and hew away his neck with the thwart, or grab his neck with the right hand and throw him.

[17] This is with the armed hand

Item: Let hang long, and grip in the short sword, and parry in front of your hand, and stab him wherever you may.

[18] Item: As before, and move around his neck, parry especially long from you.

[19] Item: Go up with the pommel, and parry with the window, and grip in the half sword, and shift the back hand forward, and strike him to the neck.

[20] Item: Sword against lance: parry with the sword so that your stab goes to his neck.

[21] Item: If someone hunts strong onto you with the lance, then parry with half sword, and let slide with it, and stab him to the neck.

[22] Item: Take sword, dagger, from the left side, and the lance left side, note your work with it strong.

[23] Item: Wind and parry, take it long from you, so he is destroyed by hand.

[24] Against the parry at the sword

31	Item: blind thereafter Whoever wants to disgrace you with parry Notice without misgiving And move quickly under his arms there.

[25] To break set-aside with the lance

35

40

If you want to break set-aside
And destroy his art
Lance to the front
Rush under it, take it to him without wrath
You may also wrestle
When you have clasped him.

[26] Item: If he grips you to the side around the neck or similar, clasp his arm outwards in the inside of the elbow, and break up from below.

[27] This is a common lesson on horseback

Item: If you flee before if one hunts you, and one plants behind you with the lance, then set aside through arms, or throw yourself around, or sit with the ass in the crook, or hold onto yourself with the horse as a result through the horse, and hew in with the spurs, so the lance goes out. Learn from both sides, hew, stab, artfully slide-away.

[28] Item: Stab from both sides behind you to him after hunting, and in the same stab, sit in the crook.

[29] Item: You may also set aside with the hand and with the dagger, when one has planted in front. That goes forth also with points in the crook.

[30] This is again a lesson

Note, when you shall fence on horseback with a crossbow and with a sword, and would like to hold both of them so that you don’t let them leave you, when you work with one so that you also hold the other,

[31] note when you have shot, and can’t reload the crossbow, and must yet press, then strike your crossbow to your left arm, and grip to the sword or grab the crossbow low by the nut with the left hand to the reins, and therefore make a shield with the crossbow, and work with the sword.

[32] However, if you want to reload, then strike your sword under your left leg under the stirrup leather, and press the leg to the horse as such, or stab your sword through the belt of your tabard, and therefore you may reload, and hold them both, and come towards and away with it.

[33] Horse Throw-down

Make yourself nearby him onto the right side. Grab his horse with your right hand over the neck, and grab him by his reins below by the bit, and come with the right hand to the left to help, and wrench strongly to yourself, so he must fall against you onto your left side, and that play also goes forth the same way on the left side.

[34] If someone then takes you under eyes on your right side, grab him with your right hand next to your right leg to the bridle, below by the bit, and wrench strongly upward with both hands, and press his horse to the side with your horse’s chest by the lower leg, so he must fall away from you on the back, or onto a side, and you may also perform that play on the left side.

Additional Resources

The following is a list of publications containing scans, transcriptions, and translations relevant to this article, as well as published peer-reviewed research.

Acutt, Jay (2019). Swords, Science, and Society: German Martial Arts in the Middle Ages. Glasgow: Fallen Rook Publishing. ISBN 978-0-9934216-9-3.
Hagedorn, Dierk (2008). Transkription und Übersetzung der Handschrift 44 A 8. Herne: VS-Books. ISBN 978-3-932077-34-0.
Hagedorn, Dierk (2016). "German Fechtbücher from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance." Late Medieval and Early Modern Fight Books. Transmission and Tradition of Martial Arts in Europe: 247-279. Ed. by Daniel Jaquet; Karin Verelst; Timothy Dawson. Leiden and Boston: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-31241-8.
Hagedorn, Dierk (2017). Jude Lew: Das Fechtbuch. Herne: VS-Books. ISBN 978-3-932077-46-3.
Hagedorn, Dierk; Christian Henry Tobler (2021). The Peter von Danzig Fight Book. Wheaton: Freelance Academy Press. ISBN 978-1-937439-53-8.
Hagedorn, Dierk (2021). Albrecht Dürer. Das Fechtbuch. Herne: VS-Books. ISBN 9783932077500.
Hagedorn, Dierk; Daniel Jaquet (2022). Dürer's Fight Book: The Genius of the German Renaissance and his Combat Treatise. Barnsley: Greenhill Books. ISBN 978-1-784438-703-7.
Hagedorn, Dierk (2023). Das Ortenburger Fechtbuch. Herne: VS-Books. ISBN 978-3-932077-53-1.
Hull, Jeffrey; Grzegorz Żabiński; Monika Maziarz (2007). Knightly Dueling: The Fighting Arts of German Chivalry. Boulder: Paladin Press. ISBN 978-1-581606744.
Jaquet, Daniel; Bartłomiej Walczak (2014). "Liegnitzer, Hundsfeld or Lew? The question of authorship of popular Medieval fighting teachings." Acta Periodica Duellatorum 2(1): 105-148. doi:10.1515/apd-2015-0015.
Tobler, Christian Henry (2010). In Saint George's Name: An Anthology of Medieval German Fighting Arts. Wheaton: Freelance Academy Press. ISBN 978-0-9825911-1-6.
Walczak, Bartłomiej; Bartosz Starko (2018). "Additional Transmissions of Hundsfeld and Lignitzer Dagger Teachings." Acta Periodica Duellatorum 6(1): 137-149. doi:10.2478/apd-2018-0005.
Welle, Rainer (1993). '…und wisse das alle höbischeit kompt von deme ringen'. Der Ringkampf als adelige Kunst im 15. und 16. Jahrhundert. Pfaffenweiler: Centaurus-Verlagsgesellschaft. ISBN 3-89085-755-8.
Welle, Rainer (2017). "Ein unvollendetes Meisterwerk der Fecht- und Ringkampfliteratur des 16. Jahrhunderts sucht seinen Autor: der Landshuter Holzschneider und Maler Georg Lemberger als Fecht- und Ringbuchillustrator?." Codices manuscripti & impressi S12. Purkersdorf: Verlag Brüder Hollinek. ISBN 0379-3621.
Welle, Rainer (2021). Albrecht Dürer und seine Kunst des Zweikampfes: auf den Spuren der Handschrift 26232 in der Albertina Wien. Kumberg: Sublilium Schaffer, Verlag für Geschichte, Kunst & Buchkultur. ISBN 9783950500806.

References

↑ The spelling "Huntfeltz", the possessive form of the spelling "Huntfelt", is sometimes mistakenly used in the literature.
↑ His name is accompanied by the traditional blessing on the dead on folio 87r.
↑ The Fellowship of Liechtenauer is recorded in three versions of Paulus Kal's treatise: MS 1825 (1460s), Cgm 1507 (ca. 1470), and MS KK5126 (1480s).
↑ Jaquet and Walczak 2014.
↑ Welle (2017), p. 45.
↑ Jaquet and Walczak (2014), p. 121.
↑ Jaquet and Walczak (2014), p. 122.
↑ Jaquet and Walczak (2014), p. 110.
↑ Walczak and Starko (2018), p. 142.
↑ Jaquet and Walczak (2014), pp. 118-120.
↑ Das Initial ist ausgespart und nur durch einen kleinen provisorischen Buchstaben kenntlich gemacht. The initial is left out and is only marked by a small provisional letter.
↑ Corrected from »im«.
↑ Marginal note partially illegible due to clipping (completion following Codex 44 A 8)
↑ Marginal note partially illegible due to clipping (completion following Codex 44 A 8)
↑ Über dem „a“ ein etwas dickerer Punkt. Meint vielleicht „ä“
↑ „Drossel“ (throat) is spelled in different ways by others, i.e. Gurgel, Schlund, Kehle (DWB).
↑ The text ends here abruptly.
↑ o corrected from d.
↑ e corrected from d.
↑ Written "die In", with marks indicating the correct order
↑ Korrigiert aus »an«.
↑ Placed between "die hant", with marks indicating the correct placement
↑ Note: this is a pure guess.
↑ Die beiden Worte »ÿm« und »mit« sind vertauscht, was durch entsprechende Einfügezeichen kenntlich gemacht ist.
↑ n corrected from o.
↑ Unleserliches Wort von anderer Hand neben der der Zeile. Illegible word from another hand next to the line.
↑ »mag« von anderer Hand neben der der Zeile. “mag” from another hand next to the line.
↑ Note: another guess.
↑ U corrected from O.
↑ Note: würg literally translates to "choke" or "strangle".
↑ choke
↑ das »b« war ursprünglich ein »g«
↑ Note: Schlos/schloss can mean castle/fort as well as lock. In either case it is something that is strongly closed.
↑ Written "glaffenn der", with marks indicating the correct order
↑ m corrected from n.
↑ Korrigiert aus »rechtenn.

[1] The spelling "Huntfeltz", the possessive form of the spelling "Huntfelt", is sometimes mistakenly used in the literature.

[2] His name is accompanied by the traditional blessing on the dead on folio 87r.

[3] The Fellowship of Liechtenauer is recorded in three versions of Paulus Kal's treatise: MS 1825 (1460s), Cgm 1507 (ca. 1470), and MS KK5126 (1480s).

[4] Jaquet and Walczak 2014.

[5] Welle (2017), p. 45.

[6] Jaquet and Walczak (2014), p. 121.

[7] Jaquet and Walczak (2014), p. 122.

[8] Jaquet and Walczak (2014), p. 110.

[9] Walczak and Starko (2018), p. 142.

[10] Jaquet and Walczak (2014), pp. 118-120.

[11] Das Initial ist ausgespart und nur durch einen kleinen provisorischen Buchstaben kenntlich gemacht. The initial is left out and is only marked by a small provisional letter.

[12] Corrected from »im«.

[13] Marginal note partially illegible due to clipping (completion following Codex 44 A 8)

[14] Marginal note partially illegible due to clipping (completion following Codex 44 A 8)

[15] Über dem „a“ ein etwas dickerer Punkt. Meint vielleicht „ä“

[16] „Drossel“ (throat) is spelled in different ways by others, i.e. Gurgel, Schlund, Kehle (DWB).

[17] The text ends here abruptly.

[18] rrected from d.

[19] rrected from d.

[20] Written "die In", with marks indicating the correct order

[21] Korrigiert aus »an«.

[22] Placed between "die hant", with marks indicating the correct placement

[23] Note: this is a pure guess.

[24] Die beiden Worte »ÿm« und »mit« sind vertauscht, was durch entsprechende Einfügezeichen kenntlich gemacht ist.

[25] rrected from o.

[26] Unleserliches Wort von anderer Hand neben der der Zeile. Illegible word from another hand next to the line.

[27] »mag« von anderer Hand neben der der Zeile. “mag” from another hand next to the line.

[28] Note: another guess.

[29] U corrected from O.

[30] Note: würg literally translates to "choke" or "strangle".

[31] ↑ choke

[32] s »b« war ursprünglich ein »g«

[33] Note: Schlos/schloss can mean castle/fort as well as lock. In either case it is something that is strongly closed.

[34] Written "glaffenn der", with marks indicating the correct order

[35] rrected from n.

[36] Korrigiert aus »rechtenn.

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@@ Line 76: / Line 76: @@
 == Textual History ==
+[[file:Huntsfeld stemma.png|400px|left|thumb|Provisional stemma codicum expanded from Jaquet and Walczak]]
+It's difficult to say when Huntsfeld's treatise was written, and the original is certainly lost at present.
-It's difficult to say when Huntsfeld's treatise was written, and the original is certainly lost at present.
+The oldest extant copy of any of Huntsfeld's works is the [[Starhemberg Fechtbuch (Cod.44.A.8)|Rome version]] (1452); this is also the only manuscript to include all three texts attributed to him. The [[Goliath Fechtbuch (MS Germ.Quart.2020)|Kraków version]] (1535-40) was probably based on this manuscript (or one just like it),<ref>Welle (2017), p. 45.</ref> though it shows occasional expansions by a later author, especially in the grappling treatise; the scribe also adds two references to illustrations in the short sword and eleven in the grappling, but these were never executed. The relationship of [[Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)|Glasgow version Ⅰ]] (1508) to Rome is unclear, but it also attributes the sword and buckler text to Lignitzer, and is the only manuscript apart from Rome and Kraków to include the grappling text. Both Glasgow Ⅰ and the [[Johan Liechtnawers Fechtbuch geschriebenn (MS Dresd.C.487)|Dresden version]] (1504-19), which only includes the sword and buckler but has a very complete copy of it (apart from being unattributed), might descend independently from the original Lignitzer text.
-[[file:Huntsfeld stemma.png|400px|left|thumb|Provisional stemma codicum expanded from Jaquet and Walczak]]
-The oldest extant copy of any of Huntsfeld's works is the [[Starhemberg Fechtbuch (Cod.44.A.8)|Rome version]] (1452); this is also the only manuscript to include all four texts attributed to him. The [[Goliath Fechtbuch (MS Germ.Quart.2020)|Kraków version]] (1535-40) was probably based on this manuscript (or one just like it),<ref>Welle (2017), p. 45.</ref> though it shows occasional expansions by a later author, especially in the grappling treatise; the scribe also adds two references to illustrations in the short sword and eleven in the grappling, but these were never executed. The relationship of [[Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)|Glasgow version Ⅰ]] (1508) to Rome is unclear, but it also attributes the sword and buckler text to Lignitzer, and is the only manuscript apart from Rome and Kraków to include the grappling text. Both Glasgow Ⅰ and the [[Johan Liechtnawers Fechtbuch geschriebenn (MS Dresd.C.487)|Dresden version]] (1504-19), which only includes the sword and buckler but has a very complete copy of it (apart from being unattributed), might descend independently from the original Lignitzer text.
 The second-oldest extant copy is [[Codex Lew (Cod.I.6.4º.3)|Augsburg version Ⅰ]], dated to the 1460s, which is based on an earlier manuscript possibly commissioned by [[Lew]].<ref>Jaquet and Walczak (2014), p. 121.</ref> and only includes the armored fencing, which it attributes to [[Martin Huntsfeld]], and a fragment of the sword and buckler text, which it leaves unattributed. The [[Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29)|Salzburg]] (1491), [[Pirckheimer's Fechtbuch (Pirckh.Papp.353)|Nuremberg]] (ca. 1500), [[Oplodidaskalia sive Armorvm Tractandorvm Meditatio Alberti Dvreri (MS 26-232)|Vienna Ⅱ]] (ca. 1505), [[Über die Fechtkunst und den Ringkampf (MS 963)|Graz]] (1539), [[Maister Liechtenawers Kunstbuech (Cgm 3712)|Munich]] (1556), and [[Fechtbuch zu Ross und zu Fuss (MS Var.82)|Rostock]] (1565-70) versions also descend from this lost Lew manuscript in some way, but their relationships to each other aren't always clear<ref>Jaquet and Walczak (2014), p. 122.</ref>&mdash;Munich's sword and buckler is based on Augsburg and Vienna Ⅱ is based on Nuremberg, but the others seem to descend independently from earlier lost versions (and have more complete copies of the sword and buckler than Augsburg and Munich).
@@ Line 86: / Line 86: @@
 [[Paulus Hector Mair]]'s three manuscripts&mdash;[[Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica (MSS Dresd.C.93/C.94)|Vienna]] (1540s), [[Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica (Cod.icon. 393)|Munich]] (1550s), and [[Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica (Cod.10825/10826)|Vienna]] (1550s)&mdash;are unique in a few ways. They are also descended from the original Lew manuscript, though Jaquet and Walczak suggest that Mair may have accessed multiple different copies of the short sword treatise and attempted to unify them.<ref>Jaquet and Walczak (2014), pp. 118-120.</ref> The dagger treatise, meanwhile, seems to have been copied from Egenolff. Mair's initial compilation manuscript (Dresden) was subsequently translated into Latin, and this text is found in Munich and Vienna (which has both languages), marking the first time Liechtenauer texts were translated into Latin.
 == Treatises ==

Work	Author(s)	Source
Kraków Illustrations	Biblioteka Jagiellońska	Biblioteka Jagiellońska
Translation (Short sword, dagger)	Mike Rasmusson	Shielhau.org (defunct)
Translation (Mounted)	Stephen Cheney	Wiktenauer
Rome Transcription	Dierk Hagedorn	Index:Starhemberg Fechtbuch (Cod.44.A.8)
Augsburg Transcription	Dierk Hagedorn	Index:Codex Lew (Cod.I.6.4º.3)
Vienna Transcription	Dierk Hagedorn	Index:Paulus Kal Fechtbuch (MS KK5126)
Salzburg Transcription	Dierk Hagedorn	Index:Codex Speyer (MS M.I.29)
Glasgow Transcription	Dierk Hagedorn	Index:Glasgow Fechtbuch (MS E.1939.65.341)
Krakow Transcription	Bartłomiej Walczak	Index:Goliath Fechtbuch (MS Germ.Quart.2020)
Graz Transcription		Index:Über die Fechtkunst und den Ringkampf (MS 963)
Dresden Mair Transcription	Pierre-Henry Bas	Index:Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica (MS Dresd.C.94)
Vienna Mair Transcription		Index:Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica (Cod.10826)
Munich Mair Transcription		Index:Opus Amplissimum de Arte Athletica (Cod.icon. 393 II)

Difference between revisions of "Martin Huntsfeld"

Revision as of 02:44, 7 May 2025

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