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Difference between revisions of "Pseudo-Peter von Danzig"

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| <p>[19] {{Red|b=1|Mark. Here begins the text and the gloss.}}</p>
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| <section begin="wrath-1"/><p>[19] {{Red|b=1|Mark. Here begins the text and the gloss.}}</p>
  
 
<p>First, of the Wrath-hew with its techniques:</p>
 
<p>First, of the Wrath-hew with its techniques:</p>
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| {{red|Whoever Over-hews you,<br/>&emsp;Wrath-hew point threatens him.}}
 
| {{red|Whoever Over-hews you,<br/>&emsp;Wrath-hew point threatens him.}}
 
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|}
<p>Gloss: Mark, the Wrath-hew breaks all Over-hews with the point, and yet is nothing other than a simple peasant strike, and drive it thus: When you come to him with the pre-fencing, if he then hews at your head from above on his right side, then hew also with him wrathfully from your right side from above, without any parrying, on his sword. If he is then Soft on the sword, then shoot in the long point straight before you and stab him to the face or the breast. So Set-on him.</p>
+
<p>Gloss: Mark, the Wrath-hew breaks all Over-hews with the point, and yet is nothing other than a simple peasant strike, and drive it thus: When you come to him with the pre-fencing, if he then hews at your head from above on his right side, then hew also with him wrathfully from your right side from above, without any parrying, on his sword. If he is then Soft on the sword, then shoot in the long point straight before you and stab him to the face or the breast. So Set-on him.</p><section begin="wrath-2"/>
 
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| <p>[20] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss of yet another technique of the Wrath-hew:}}</p>
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| <section begin="wrath-2"/><p>[20] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss of yet another technique of the Wrath-hew:}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
 
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| {{red|If he becomes aware of it,<br/>&emsp;Then take off above without danger.}}
 
| {{red|If he becomes aware of it,<br/>&emsp;Then take off above without danger.}}
 
|}
 
|}
<p>Gloss: Mark, that is when you hew in on him with the Wrath-hew, then shoot the long point into the face or breast, as the fore-described states. If he becomes aware of the point and parries strongly and presses your sword to the side, then wrench up over it with your sword on his sword’s blade, off above from his sword, and hew him to the other side, yet on his sword’s blade, into the head. That is called “taking off above”.</p>
+
<p>Gloss: Mark, that is when you hew in on him with the Wrath-hew, then shoot the long point into the face or breast, as the fore-described states. If he becomes aware of the point and parries strongly and presses your sword to the side, then wrench up over it with your sword on his sword’s blade, off above from his sword, and hew him to the other side, yet on his sword’s blade, into the head. That is called “taking off above”.</p><section end="wrath-2"/>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 013v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 013v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 012r.jpg|1|lbl=12r}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 012r.jpg|1|lbl=12r}}
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| <p>[21] {{red|b=1|''Break against the taking off above''}}</p>
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| <section begin="wrath-3"/><p>[21] {{red|b=1|''Break against the taking off above''}}</p>
  
<p>When he takes off above, then bind above on his sword strongly, in with the long edge to his head.</p>
+
<p>When he takes off above, then bind above on his sword strongly, in with the long edge to his head.</p><section end="wrath-3"/>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 013v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 013v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 012r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 012r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
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| [[File:MS Germ.Quart.2020 013r.jpg|250px|center]]
 
| [[File:MS Germ.Quart.2020 013r.jpg|250px|center]]
| <p>[22] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss on yet another of the Wrath-hew:}}</p>
+
| <section begin="wrath-4"/><p>[22] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss on yet another of the Wrath-hew:}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
 
|-  
 
|-  
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| {{red|Be Stronger against,<br/>&emsp;Wind, Stab. If he sees, then take it down.}}
 
| {{red|Be Stronger against,<br/>&emsp;Wind, Stab. If he sees, then take it down.}}
 
|}
 
|}
<p>Gloss: Mark, that is when you hew in on him with the Wrath-hew, if he parries and remains Strong with the parrying on the sword, then remain also Strong against with your sword on his, and drive high up with your arms, and Wind your hilt on his sword in front before your head, and stab him above into his face. If he becomes aware of the stab, and drives high up with his arms and parries with his hilt, then remain standing thus with your hilt before your head, and set the point in below on his neck, or on his breast between both his arms (as painted hereafter).<ref>"As painted hereafter" added in the Krakow.</ref></p>
+
<p>Gloss: Mark, that is when you hew in on him with the Wrath-hew, if he parries and remains Strong with the parrying on the sword, then remain also Strong against with your sword on his, and drive high up with your arms, and Wind your hilt on his sword in front before your head, and stab him above into his face.<includeonly></p></includeonly><section end="wrath-4"/> <section begin="wrath-5"/><includeonly><p></includeonly>If he becomes aware of the stab, and drives high up with his arms and parries with his hilt, then remain standing thus with your hilt before your head, and set the point in below on his neck, or on his breast between both his arms (as painted hereafter).<ref>"As painted hereafter" added in the Krakow.</ref></p><section end="wrath-5"/>
 
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{{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 013v.jpg|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 014r.jpg|1|lbl=14r|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 013v.jpg|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 014r.jpg|1|lbl=14r|p=1}}
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| <p>[23] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss of a lesson of the Wrath-hew:}}</p>
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| <section begin="wrath-6"/><p>[23] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss of a lesson of the Wrath-hew:}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
 
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|-  
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| {{red|Meanwhile, and Before, After,<br/>&emsp;Without haste. Your War should not be rushed.}}
 
| {{red|Meanwhile, and Before, After,<br/>&emsp;Without haste. Your War should not be rushed.}}
 
|}
 
|}
<p>Gloss: Mark, this is when he has bound with you, with a hew or with a stab (or otherwise on your sword): then from the Winding before you, you shall not too quickly leave his sword. When one sword clashes on the other, very precisely mark if he is Soft or Hard in the bind, and when you have found that first, then work Meanwhile with the Winding, after the Soft and after the Hard, always to the next-standing opening as you will be taught hereafter and trained in the techniques.</p>
+
<p>Gloss: Mark, this is when he has bound with you, with a hew or with a stab (or otherwise on your sword): then from the Winding before you, you shall not too quickly leave his sword. When one sword clashes on the other, very precisely mark if he is Soft or Hard in the bind, and when you have found that first, then work Meanwhile with the Winding, after the Soft and after the Hard, always to the next-standing opening as you will be taught hereafter and trained in the techniques.</p><section end="wrath-6"/>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 014r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 014r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 013v.jpg|1|lbl=13v}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 013v.jpg|1|lbl=13v}}
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| <p>[24] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss of the War:}}</p>
+
| <section begin="wrath-7"/><p>[24] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss of the War:}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
 
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| {{red|Whoever enters the War<br/>&emsp;Above, he becomes ashamed below.}}
 
| {{red|Whoever enters the War<br/>&emsp;Above, he becomes ashamed below.}}
 
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|}
<p>Gloss: Mark the War, that is, the Winding and the work with the point that goes from there to the four openings, and drive it thus: when you hew in with the Wrath-hew, then as quickly as he parries, drive up well with your arms and Wind the point of your sword above in to the upper opening of his left side. If he then sets the upper stab off, then remain thus standing in the Winding with the hilt before your head, and let the point sink down to the lower opening yet on his left side. If he then follows after your sword with the parrying, then search with the point for the lower opening on his right side. If he then follows after your sword further with the parrying, then drive up with your sword on your left side, and hang the point in above to the upper opening on his right side. Thus he becomes ashamed with the War above and low, if you drive correctly from one to the other.</p>
+
<p>Gloss: Mark the War, that is, the Winding and the work with the point that goes from there to the four openings, and drive it thus: when you hew in with the Wrath-hew, then as quickly as he parries, drive up well with your arms and Wind the point of your sword above in to the upper opening of his left side. If he then sets the upper stab off, then remain thus standing in the Winding with the hilt before your head, and let the point sink down to the lower opening yet on his left side. If he then follows after your sword with the parrying, then search with the point for the lower opening on his right side. If he then follows after your sword further with the parrying, then drive up with your sword on your left side, and hang the point in above to the upper opening on his right side. Thus he becomes ashamed with the War above and low, if you drive correctly from one to the other.</p><section end="wrath-7"/>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 014r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 014r.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
  
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| <p>[25] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss of yet another lesson from the Wrath-hew:}}</p>
+
| <section begin="wrath-8"/><p>[25] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss of yet another lesson from the Wrath-hew:}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
 
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| {{red|In all hits<br/>&emsp;You will trick the Masters.}}
 
| {{red|In all hits<br/>&emsp;You will trick the Masters.}}
 
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|}
<p>Gloss: Mark, this is when you hew in to him with the Wrath-hew: then you shall be very well trained and entirely ready with the Winding on the sword, since each single Winding has three particular techniques, which are a hew, a stab, and a slice. And when you Wind on the sword, then you shall think precisely well, so that you do not incorrectly drive the technique that pertains in that Winding (so that you do not hew when you should stab, and not slice when you should hew, and not stab when you should slice). And thus you shall always know to drive the technique that correctly pertains thereto in all hits and binding on the sword, if you will trick or deceive the other Masters when they are set against you.</p>
+
<p>Gloss: Mark, this is when you hew in to him with the Wrath-hew: then you shall be very well trained and entirely ready with the Winding on the sword, since each single Winding has three particular techniques, which are a hew, a stab, and a slice. And when you Wind on the sword, then you shall think precisely well, so that you do not incorrectly drive the technique that pertains in that Winding (so that you do not hew when you should stab, and not slice when you should hew, and not stab when you should slice).<includeonly></p></includeonly><section begin="wrath-8"/> <section begin="wrath-9"/><includeonly><p></includeonly>And thus you shall always know to drive the technique that correctly pertains thereto in all hits and binding on the sword, if you will trick or deceive the other Masters when they are set against you.</p><section begin="wrath-9"/>
 
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| <p>[26] And how you shall drive the Windings, and how many there are, you will find described in the last technique of the Epitome, which says “Whoever drives well and correctly breaks…”<ref>Couplets 102-109.</ref></p>
+
| <section begin="wrath-10"/><p>[26] And how you shall drive the Windings, and how many there are, you will find described in the last technique of the Epitome, which says “Whoever drives well and correctly breaks…”<ref>Couplets 102-109.</ref></p><section end="wrath-10"/>
 
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| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 015r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
 
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| <p>[27] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss of the Four Openings:}}</p>
+
| <section begin="wrath-11"/><p>[27] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss of the Four Openings:}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
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| {{red|In all driving,<br/>&emsp;Without confusion for how he acts.}}
 
| {{red|In all driving,<br/>&emsp;Without confusion for how he acts.}}
 
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|}
<p>Gloss: Mark, whoever will be a Master of the Sword, he shall know how one shall search the Four Openings with art, if he will otherwise fence correctly and wisely. The first opening is the right side, the other the left, of the upper-half above the girdle of the man. The other two openings are the right and left side of the lower-half below the girdle. Now, there are two drivings whence one shall search the openings. First, one shall search from the pre-fencing with Travelling-after and with shooting-in the long point. Secondly, one shall search with the Eight Windings when one has bound the other on the sword.</p>
+
<p>Gloss: Mark, whoever will be a Master of the Sword, he shall know how one shall search the Four Openings with art, if he will otherwise fence correctly and wisely. The first opening is the right side, the other the left, of the upper-half above the girdle of the man. The other two openings are the right and left side of the lower-half below the girdle. Now, there are two drivings whence one shall search the openings. First, one shall search from the pre-fencing with Travelling-after and with shooting-in the long point. Secondly, one shall search with the Eight Windings when one has bound the other on the sword.</p><section end="wrath-11"/>
 
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| <p>[28] That you shall thus understand: when you come to him with the pre-fencing, you shall always aim at the Four Openings boldly without any fear (with a hew or with a stab, to whichever you may best come on) and regard not what he drives or fences against you. Therewith, you force the man so that he must parry you, and when he has parried, then search quickly in the parrying with the Winding on his sword yet to the next opening, and thus aim always at the openings of the man and fence not to the sword, as in the technique which says, “Set-on four ends; Learn to remain thereon if you will end.”<ref>Couplet 74.</ref></p>
+
| <section begin="wrath-12"/><p>[28] That you shall thus understand: when you come to him with the pre-fencing, you shall always aim at the Four Openings boldly without any fear (with a hew or with a stab, to whichever you may best come on) and regard not what he drives or fences against you. Therewith, you force the man so that he must parry you, and when he has parried, then search quickly in the parrying with the Winding on his sword yet to the next opening, and thus aim always at the openings of the man and fence not to the sword, as in the technique which says, “Set-on four ends; Learn to remain thereon if you will end.”<ref>Couplet 74.</ref></p><section end="wrath-12"/>
 
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Revision as of 01:24, 15 November 2016

Gloss and Interpretation of
the Recital on the Long Sword
die gloss und die auslegung der zettel
des langen schwerts
Johannes Liechtenauer.jpg
Author(s) Unknown
Ascribed to Pseudo-Peter von Danzig
Illustrated by Unknown
Date before 1452
Genre
Language Early New High German
State of Existence Original hypothetical;
multiple branches exist
Principal
Manuscript(s)
(Branch A)
Cod. 44.A.8 (1452)
Manuscript(s)
First Printed
English Edition
Tobler, 2010
Concordance by Michael Chidester
Translations

"Pseudo-Peter von Danzig" is the name given to an anonymous late 14th or early 15th century German fencing master.[1] Some time before the creation of the Codex 44.A.8 in 1452, he authored a gloss of Johannes Liechtenauer's Recital (Zettel) which would go on to become the most widespread in the tradition. While the identity of the glossator remains unknown, it is possible that he was in fact Jud Lew or Sigmund Schining ein Ringeck, both of whose glosses show strong similarities to the work. On the other hand, the introduction to the Rome version of the text could be construed as attributing it to Liechtenauer himself.

Treatise

Early on in its history, the Pseudo-Peter von Danzig gloss seems to have split into two or three primary branches, and no definite copies of the unaltered original are known to survive. The gloss of Sigmund ain Ringeck also seems to be related to this work, due to the considerable overlap in text and contents, but it is currently unclear if Ringeck's gloss is based on that of pseudo-Danzig or if they both derive from an even earlier original gloss (or even if Ringeck and pseudo-Danzig are the same author and the "Ringeck" gloss should be considered Branch D).

Branch A, first attested in the Augsburg version (1450s) and comprising the majority of extant copies, has more devices overall than Branch B but generally shorter descriptions in areas of overlap. It also glosses only Liechtenauer's Recital on long sword and mounted fencing; in lieu of a gloss of Liechtenauer's short sword, it is generally accompanied by the short sword teachings of Andre Liegniczer and Martin Huntfeltz (or, in the case of the 1512 Vienna II, Ringeck's short sword gloss). Apart from the Augsburg, the other principal text in Branch A is the Salzburg version (1491), which was copied independently[2] and also incorporates nine paragraphs from Ringeck's gloss and twenty-one paragraphs from an unidentified third source. Branch A was redacted by Paulus Hector Mair (three mss., 1540s), Lienhart Sollinger (1556), and Joachim Meyer (1570), which despite being the latest is the cleanest extant version and was likely either copied directly from the original or created by comparing multiple versions to correct their errors. It was also one of the bases for Johannes Lecküchner's gloss on the Messer in the late 1470s.

Branch B, attested first in the Rome version (1452), is found in only four manuscripts; it tends to feature slightly longer descriptions than Branch A, but includes fewer devices overall. Branch B glosses Liechtenauer's entire Recital, including the short sword section, and may therefore be considered more complete than Branch A; it also differs from Branch A in that three of the four known copies are illustrated to some extent, where none in the other branch are. The Krakow version (1510-20) seems to be an incomplete (though extensively illustrated) copy taken from the Rome,[3] while Augsburg II (1564) collects only the six illustrated wrestling devices from the Krakow. Even more anomalous is the Glasgow version (1508), consisting solely of a nearly complete redaction of the short sword gloss (assigning it to Branch B), which is appended to the opening paragraphs of Ringeck's gloss of the same section; since it accompanies Ringeck's long sword and mounted fencing glosses, a possible explanation is that the scribe lacked a complete copy of Ringeck and tried to fill in the deficit with another similar text.

A Branch C might be said to exist as well, first attested in the Vienna version (1480s), though it is unclear whether it was derived independently from the original, repreents an intermediate evolutionary step between Branches A and B, or was created by simply merging copies of the other branches together. The structure and contents of this branch very closely align with Branch B, lacking most of the unique devices of Branch A and including the gloss of the short sword, but the actual text is more consistent with that of Branch A. A fragment of Branch C appears in the writings of Jörg Wilhalm Hutter (several mss., 1520s), though Glasgow II (1533) assigns the fragment a much earlier origin, stating that it was devised by one Nicolaüs in 1489.

Finally, there is one version of the Pseudo-Peter von Danzig gloss that defies categorization into any branch, namely the one that Mair created based on papers purchased from the estate of Antonius Rast. This gloss is a chimeric abomination, combining text from all three branches in an apparently-arbitrary sequence, and then concluding with the final eighteen paragraphs of Ringeck.

While all branches were originally presented in a single concordance in this article, the differences between them were revealed thereby to be extensive enough that they merit separate consideration. Thus, Branch A has been placed on the page of Jud Lew, to whom is seemingly attributed the gloss on mounted fencing, while Branch B has been retained here. Branch C will be placed on another page in the future.

Additional Resources

References

  1. This name stems from the false assumption of many 20th century writers identifying him with Peter von Danzig zum Ingolstadt.
  2. Both Augsburg and Salzburg contain significant scribal errors of omission that allow us to identify manuscripts copied from them.
  3. Zabinski, pp 82-83
  4. Per Rasmusson, Goliath text reads "...else the play further from the left side shall happen with the step and strike on other sides."
  5. Or "tap-hit".
  6. Lit. "he is".
  7. "As painted hereafter" added in the Krakow.
  8. Couplets 102-109.
  9. Couplet 74.
  10. "and binds strongly on your sword therewith" omitted from the Krakow.
  11. Squint here means “an askew glance”, referring to both the sword's direction of travel and also the use of deception with the eyes with this hew.
  12. "the Four Openings" omitted from the Krakow.
  13. K. "when you come to him with the pre-fencing".
  14. K. "The Following Technique".
  15. "from all" omitted from the Krakow.
  16. "with" omitted from the Krakow.
  17. Letter erased and overwritten.
  18. "with something" omitted from the Krakow.
  19. This text is a repetition of the first paragraph on folio 68r, but this is the illustration that corresponds to the text in Goliath (folio 54v).
  20. K. "with both hands".
  21. 21.0 21.1 Indecipherable due to an ink blotch.
  22. "and see" omitted from the Krakow.
  23. K. "Here you should drive four windings from both hands from the two over-hangings, that is, the ox".
  24. G. "wisely and masterfully".
  25. G. "students".
  26. Corrected from »sein«.
  27. Corrected from »seinem«.
  28. Glasgow contains extensive differences.
  29. The rest vanishes in the binding.
  30. And you should... with the point" omitted from the Glasgow.
  31. G. "work to the openings".
  32. "the face" omitted in the Glasgow.
  33. Clause omitted from the Glasgow.
  34. "you should not defend or displace" omitted from the Glasgow.
  35. Corrected from »dam«.
  36. Corrected from »dem«.
  37. Corrected from »vchsel«.
  38. G. "hold fast the blade and the fingers together".
  39. Corrected from »mit«.