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Difference between revisions of "Pseudo-Peter von Danzig"

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| <p>{{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss of the plays to the left side}}</p>
 
| <p>{{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss of the plays to the left side}}</p>
 
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| <p>{{red|b=1|Here note this play}}</p>
 
| <p>{{red|b=1|Here note this play}}</p>
  
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| <p>{{red|b=1|Again a play}}</p>
 
| <p>{{red|b=1|Again a play}}</p>
  
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| <p>{{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss, if you r horse makes a fool out of you with violence}}</p>
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| <small>23</small>
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| {{red|Or turn around<br/>&emsp;Lie to hunt the weapon}}
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| <small>24</small>
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| {{red|With all art<br/>&emsp;He hunts, he sends, for his benefit}}
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<p>Gloss: Note, this is a lesson, if your horse makes  a fool out of you so that you would like to come to no plays, then don’t let your horse run far from him, therefore it will not become tired, and you also remain lying, and ride against him to the side which makes it good for you , which you may have your best advantage with all art.</p>
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<p>{{red|b=1|The 14th figure teaches this,}} which says “Otherwise turn around, there the horse hurries back.”</p>
 
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| rowspan="2" | [[File:MS Germ.Quart.2020 169v.jpg|350px|center]]
 
| rowspan="2" | [[File:MS Germ.Quart.2020 169v.jpg|350px|center]]
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| <p>{{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss, if you have no choice but to ride to his left side}}</p>
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| <small>25</small>
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| {{red|If you are hunted<br/>&emsp;And hunted left against your will}}
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| <small>26</small>
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| {{red|Feel for his sword<br/>&emsp;Wrestle, shove with firmness}}
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<p>Gloss: Note, this is if you have no choice but to ride to his left side, if you then have a sword, and he also has one, then lay yours on the left arm in the guard. If he then hews in above to the head, then rise and parry with the long edge so that your point stands to your left side, and ride to him, and grab his right hand with your left, and shove him with the pommel under the face.</p>
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<p>{{red|b=1|The 17th figure teaches this,}} which says “If you hunt left, then fall upon sword’s pommel, shove under eyes.”</p>
 
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{{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 047v.jpg|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 048r.jpg|1|lbl=48r|p=1}}
 
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<p>Note, when you ride to his left side, lie your sword onto your left arm in the guard. If he then hews in above to the head, then parry with the long edge, and hew a free over hew to his head from the parry.</p>
 
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| <p>{{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss about the set-aside behind}}</p>
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| <small>27</small>
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| {{red|If one hunts to the right<br/>&emsp;Half turn around, wait for fencing}}
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| <small>28</small>
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| {{red|Catching with arms<br/>&emsp;So no harm may approach you}}
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<p>Gloss: Note, this is a lesson: If it is the case that someone has won your back, or otherwise comes to you behind, whether it was with a spear or with a sword, then note, if he wants to plant to your right side behind, then turn yourself away from the stab onto your left, or if he plants behind to your left side, then turn yourself away from the stab against him onto your right side, and ride with it to him and work with the sword or with the wrestling.</p>
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<p>{{red|b=1|The 24th figure teaches this,}} which says “If one hunts you from<ref>Other one says "too".</ref> both sides, turn around left so he comes right.”</p>
 
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{{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 048r.jpg|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 048v.jpg|1|lbl=48v|p=1}}
 
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<p>Note, when you hunt away before him, and have a lance, and he also has one, if he then hunts after you, then hold your lance on your right shoulder, and note when he almost comes to you behind, then raise your lance over the head onto your left shoulder, and turn yourself against him onto your left side, and strike his lance with it under your arm. Therefore you come to him with it turned under eyes.</p>
 
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<p>When you have a sword and he a lance, then lay your sword on the left arm in the guard. If he then rides onto you with the lance to your left side, then ride boldly against him, and when he comes to the hit, rise with the pommel and leave the blade in the hand against your left side, and set his lance aside with it.</p>
 
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| <p>Or, if he rides to your right side, then sweep up simply with the sword to his lance to his right side, and rise into the upper hanging, and plant to him in the face.</p>
 
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| <small>29</small>
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| {{red|The knife taking<br/>&emsp;Learn to keep without shame}}
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<p>Gloss: Note, when you ride to him and come to him with your right side to his, then hew in above strong to the head, and stab to his face. If he parries the stab, then hurry to him and grab his right arm with left inverted hand in front under his pommel, and hold him firmly as such, and bend your left arm outwards at the handle of his sword, so he must let go of the sword. Thereafter you may hold him with the one hand and strike with the other.</p>
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<p>{{red|b=1|The 15th  figure teaches this,}} which says “Think about the knife taking and keeping, etc.”</p>
 
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Revision as of 01:13, 8 May 2018

Gloss and Interpretation of
the Recital on the Long Sword
die gloss und die auslegung der zettel
des langen schwerts
Johannes Liechtenauer.jpg
Author(s) Unknown
Ascribed to Pseudo-Peter von Danzig
Illustrated by Unknown
Date before 1452
Genre
Language Early New High German
State of Existence Original hypothetical;
multiple branches exist
Principal
Manuscript(s)
Cod. 44.A.8 (1452)
Manuscript(s)
First Printed
English Edition
Tobler, 2010
Concordance by Michael Chidester
Translations

"Pseudo-Peter von Danzig" is the name given to an anonymous late 14th or early 15th century German fencing master.[1] Some time before the creation of the Codex 44.A.8 in 1452, he authored a gloss of Johannes Liechtenauer's Recital (Zettel) which would go on to become the most widespread in the tradition. While the identity of the glossator remains unknown, it is possible that he was in fact Jud Lew or Sigmund ain Ringeck, both of whose glosses show strong similarities to the work. On the other hand, the introduction to the Rome version of the text could be construed as attributing it to Liechtenauer himself.

Stemma

Early on in its history, the Pseudo-Peter von Danzig gloss seems to have split into two or three primary branches, and no definite copies of the unaltered original are known to survive. The gloss of Sigmund ain Ringeck also seems to be related to this work, due to the considerable overlap in text and contents, but it is currently unclear if Ringeck's gloss is based on that of pseudo-Danzig or if they both derive from an even earlier original gloss (or even if Ringeck and pseudo-Danzig are the same author and the "Ringeck" gloss should be considered Branch D).

Branch A, first attested in the Augsburg version (1450s) and comprising the majority of extant copies, has more devices overall than Branch B but generally shorter descriptions in areas of overlap. It also glosses only Liechtenauer's Recital on long sword and mounted fencing; in lieu of a gloss of Liechtenauer's short sword, it is generally accompanied by the short sword teachings of Andre Liegniczer and Martin Huntfeltz (or, in the case of the 1512 Vienna II, Ringeck's short sword gloss). Apart from the Augsburg, the other principal text in Branch A is the Salzburg version (1491), which was copied independently[2] and also incorporates ten paragraphs from Ringeck's gloss and twenty from an unidentified third source. Branch A was redacted by Paulus Hector Mair (three mss., 1540s), Lienhart Sollinger (1556), and Joachim Meyer (1570), which despite being the latest is the cleanest extant version and was likely either copied directly from the original or created by comparing multiple versions to correct their errors. It was also one of the bases for Johannes Lecküchner's gloss on the Messer in the late 1470s.

Branch B, attested first in the Rome version (1452), is found in only four manuscripts; it tends to feature slightly longer descriptions than Branch A, but includes fewer devices overall. Branch B glosses Liechtenauer's entire Recital, including the short sword section, and may therefore be considered more complete than Branch A; it also differs from Branch A in that three of the four known copies are illustrated to some extent, where none in the other branch are. The Krakow version (1510-20) seems to be an incomplete (though extensively illustrated) copy taken from the Rome,[3] while Augsburg II (1564) collects only the six illustrated wrestling devices from the Krakow. Even more anomalous is the Glasgow version (1508), consisting solely of a nearly complete redaction of the short sword gloss (assigning it to Branch B), which is appended to the opening paragraphs of Ringeck's gloss of the same section; since it accompanies Ringeck's long sword and mounted fencing glosses, a possible explanation is that the scribe lacked a complete copy of Ringeck and tried to fill in the deficit with another similar text.

A Branch C might be said to exist as well, first attested in the Vienna version (1480s), though it is unclear whether it was derived independently from the original, represents an intermediate evolutionary step between Branches A and B, or was created by simply merging copies of the other branches together. The structure and contents of this branch very closely align with Branch B, lacking most of the unique devices of Branch A and including the gloss of the short sword, but the actual text is more consistent with that of Branch A. A fragment of Branch C appears in the writings of Jörg Wilhalm Hutter (several mss., 1520s), though Glasgow II (1533) assigns the fragment a much earlier origin, stating that it was devised by one Nicolaüs in 1489.

Finally, there is one version of the Pseudo-Peter von Danzig gloss that defies categorization into any branch, namely the one that Mair created based on papers purchased from the estate of Antonius Rast. This gloss is a chimeric abomination, combining text from all three branches in an apparently-arbitrary sequence, and then concluding with the final eighteen paragraphs of Ringeck.

While all branches were originally presented in a single concordance in this article, the differences between them were revealed thereby to be extensive enough that they merit separate consideration. Thus, Branch A has been placed on the page of Jud Lew, to whom is seemingly attributed the gloss on mounted fencing, while Branch B has been retained here. Branch C will be placed on another page in the future.

Treatise

Temporary division

Temporary division

Additional Resources

References

  1. This name stems from the false assumption of many 20th century writers identifying him with Peter von Danzig zum Ingolstadt.
  2. Both Augsburg and Salzburg contain significant scribal errors of omission that allow us to identify manuscripts copied from them.
  3. Zabinski, pp 82-83
  4. Per Trosclair, Goliath text reads "In the same way, the counterpart from the left side through, you shall always render hew and tread with each other as one."
  5. Or "tap-hit".
  6. "As painted hereafter" added in the Krakow.
  7. Couplets 102-109.
  8. Couplet 74.
  9. "and binds strongly on your sword therewith" omitted from the Krakow.
  10. Squint here means “an askew glance”, referring to both the sword's direction of travel and also the use of deception with the eyes with this hew.
  11. "the Four Openings" omitted from the Krakow.
  12. K. "The Following Technique".
  13. "from all" omitted from the Krakow.
  14. "with" omitted from the Krakow.
  15. Letter erased and overwritten.
  16. "with something" omitted from the Krakow.
  17. This text is a repetition of the first paragraph on folio 68r, but this is the illustration that corresponds to the text in Goliath (folio 54v).
  18. K. "with both hands".
  19. 19.0 19.1 Indecipherable due to an ink blotch.
  20. "and see" omitted from the Krakow.
  21. K. "Here you should drive four windings from both hands from the two over-hangings, that is, the ox".
  22. crosswise? across? obliquely?
  23. satelbogen, maybe saddle horn?
  24. let your lance sink down in front
  25. bridle?
  26. look into this, "in nöten"
  27. zu hilff - to help
  28. This is wrong, it is the 5th figure.
  29. eysenhuet - iron hat
  30. move him? move to him?
  31. Could be bridle. Have it as "reins" because it makes more sense in the context of the play below.
  32. Other one says "too".
  33. G. "wisely and masterfully".
  34. G. "students".
  35. Corrected from »sein«.
  36. Corrected from »seinem«.
  37. Glasgow contains extensive differences.
  38. The rest vanishes in the binding.
  39. And you should... with the point" omitted from the Glasgow.
  40. G. "work to the openings".
  41. "the face" omitted in the Glasgow.
  42. Clause omitted from the Glasgow.
  43. "you should not defend or displace" omitted from the Glasgow.
  44. Corrected from »dam«.
  45. Corrected from »dem«.
  46. Corrected from »vchsel«.
  47. G. "hold fast the blade and the fingers together".
  48. Corrected from »mit«.