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| {{red|That he truthfully<br/>&emsp;Knows not where he is without danger.}}
 
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<p>Gloss: Mark, when you will drive the Crooked hew then you must always therewith give openings, and undertake it thus: when you hew him with the Crooked hew from your right side, or bind on his sword, all the while you are open with the left side. Thus, if he is then clever and will hew you from the sword after the opening, and you will make him confused with agility, then remain with your sword on his, and follow his sword thereon after, and Wind in your point to his face, and work in before you with the War (that is, with the Winding to the openings). Then he becomes confused before you, so that he truthfully does not know which end he shall protect before you against hews or stabs, etc.</p>
+
<p>Gloss: Mark, when you will drive the Crooked hew then you must always therewith give openings, and undertake it thus: when you hew him with the Crooked hew from your right side, or bind on his sword, all the while you are open with the left side. Thus, if he is then clever and will hew you from the sword after the opening, and you will make him confused with agility, then remain with your sword on his, and follow his sword thereon after, and Wind in your point to his face, and work in before you with the War (that is, with the Winding to the openings). Then he becomes confused before you, so that he truthfully does not know which end he shall protect before you against hews or stabs, etc.</p>
 
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| <p>[52] {{red|b=1|Thus break that:}}</p>
 
| <p>[52] {{red|b=1|Thus break that:}}</p>
  
<p>When one drives on your neck with the sword, then drive up with the pommel inside his sword and let your blade hang low, and thrust his sword therewith from your neck, and strike him with the snapping above to the head. Or strike him with your right hand above with the Doubling below to his face, over his sword, while he has his sword on your neck.</p>
+
<p>When one drives on your neck with the sword, then drive up with the pommel inside his sword and let your blade hang low, and thrust his sword therewith from your neck, and strike him with the snapping above to the head. Or strike him with your right hand above with the Doubling below to his face, over his sword, while he has his sword on your neck.</p>
 
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| {{red|If he continues to ward it<br/>&emsp;Catch reins<ref>Could be bridle. Have it as "reins" because it makes more sense in the context of the play below.</ref> and don’t be lazy}}
 
| {{red|If he continues to ward it<br/>&emsp;Catch reins<ref>Could be bridle. Have it as "reins" because it makes more sense in the context of the play below.</ref> and don’t be lazy}}
 
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<p>Gloss: Note, this is if you want to fence lying while riding up , you shall do that from your right leg from the side guard with stabs from the long point, and note, when he parries the stab, that you wind in the point at the sword to his face. With it, you force him so that you may come to other plays, and how you shall wind, you will find that written hereafter in the next play.</p>
+
<p>Gloss: Note, this is if you want to fence lying while riding up, you shall do that from your right leg from the side guard with stabs from the long point, and note, when he parries the stab, that you wind in the point at the sword to his face. With it, you force him so that you may come to other plays, and how you shall wind, you will find that written hereafter in the next play.</p>
  
 
<p>{{red|b=1|The nineteenth figure teaches this,}} which says “Plant the point against the face.”</p>
 
<p>{{red|b=1|The nineteenth figure teaches this,}} which says “Plant the point against the face.”</p>
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| {{red|As under eyes<br/>&emsp;Grab him correctly with fluff}}
 
| {{red|As under eyes<br/>&emsp;Grab him correctly with fluff}}
 
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<p>Gloss: Note, the sheep hold is one of the best wrestles on horseback, because with it, one breaks all wrestles with which someone attacks you in front or grapples with wrestling. {{red|b=1|Drive the sheep hold as follows}} When you want to wrestle with someone on horseback, ride equally to him under eyes, and assess that you come with your right side to his. If he then grapples you in front with wrestling, then grab his right hand with your left, and jolt him in front of you under your chest, and move with the right arm over his right, and grab your saddle bow with it, and lie with the body strongly upon it, and ride forward, so you pull him from the horse.</p>
+
<p>Gloss: Note, the sheep hold is one of the best wrestles on horseback, because with it, one breaks all wrestles with which someone attacks you in front or grapples with wrestling. {{red|b=1|Drive the sheep hold as follows}} When you want to wrestle with someone on horseback, ride equally to him under eyes, and assess that you come with your right side to his. If he then grapples you in front with wrestling, then grab his right hand with your left, and jolt him in front of you under your chest, and move with the right arm over his right, and grab your saddle bow with it, and lie with the body strongly upon it, and ride forward, so you pull him from the horse.</p>
  
 
<p>{{red|b=1|The 13th figure teaches this,}} which says “The sheep hold wards all holds, wrestle under eyes.”</p>
 
<p>{{red|b=1|The 13th figure teaches this,}} which says “The sheep hold wards all holds, wrestle under eyes.”</p>
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| <p>[43] {{red|b=1|Again a break}}</p>
 
| <p>[43] {{red|b=1|Again a break}}</p>
  
<p>Note, when he comes with his left side to your right and falls to you with the left arm behind around the neck, if he is then a weak man, then rise from below with the right arm behind you strong over his left, and come with the left hand to your right to help, and press his left arm firmly behind in your nape . If he then veers away with the arm, then grab his left hand with the left hand, and throw him with the unnamed hold or with the secret hold.</p>
+
<p>Note, when he comes with his left side to your right and falls to you with the left arm behind around the neck, if he is then a weak man, then rise from below with the right arm behind you strong over his left, and come with the left hand to your right to help, and press his left arm firmly behind in your nape. If he then veers away with the arm, then grab his left hand with the left hand, and throw him with the unnamed hold or with the secret hold.</p>
 
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|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>22</small>
 
| <small>22</small>
| {{red|Whoever wards that<br/>&emsp;Wide, catch sword, carry to the handle}}
+
| {{red|Whoever wards that<br/>&emsp;Wide, catch sword, carry to the handle}}
 
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<p>Gloss: Note, this is when you ride to his left side, you shall also bind strongly to his sword, and assess whether you may plant to him. With it, you force him so that you may well come to other plays.</p>
 
<p>Gloss: Note, this is when you ride to his left side, you shall also bind strongly to his sword, and assess whether you may plant to him. With it, you force him so that you may well come to other plays.</p>
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| {{red|With all art<br/>&emsp;He hunts, he sends, for his benefit}}
 
| {{red|With all art<br/>&emsp;He hunts, he sends, for his benefit}}
 
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<p>Gloss: Note, this is a lesson, if your horse makes a fool out of you so that you would like to come to no plays, then don’t let your horse run far from him, therefore it will not become tired, and you also remain lying, and ride against him to the side which makes it good for you , which you may have your best advantage with all art.</p>
+
<p>Gloss: Note, this is a lesson, if your horse makes a fool out of you so that you would like to come to no plays, then don’t let your horse run far from him, therefore it will not become tired, and you also remain lying, and ride against him to the side which makes it good for you, which you may have your best advantage with all art.</p>
  
 
<p>{{red|b=1|The 14th figure teaches this,}} which says “Otherwise turn around, there the horse hurries back.”</p>
 
<p>{{red|b=1|The 14th figure teaches this,}} which says “Otherwise turn around, there the horse hurries back.”</p>
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| <p>[15] {{red|b=1|This is a wrestle}}</p>
 
| <p>[15] {{red|b=1|This is a wrestle}}</p>
  
<p>Note, when you attack him with wrestling, and he against you, see if he has a foot set in front or not. If he then does not have one in front, then jolt him to you or shove him from you, so he must step forward. If he then steps forward with the left foot, then jump quickly with the right foot behind his left, and bend your right knee, and press him behind with it into the back of his left knee, and jolt him over it with both hands.</p>
+
<p>Note, when you attack him with wrestling, and he against you, see if he has a foot set in front or not. If he then does not have one in front, then jolt him to you or shove him from you, so he must step forward. If he then steps forward with the left foot, then jump quickly with the right foot behind his left, and bend your right knee, and press him behind with it into the back of his left knee, and jolt him over it with both hands.</p>
 
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| <p>[20] {{red|b=1|Here note the play}}</p>
 
| <p>[20] {{red|b=1|Here note the play}}</p>
  
<p>When you have a sword and he a lance, if he then has grasped it short, and stands with it in the upper guard, then lie your sword onto your left knee in the guard. If he then stabs in above to the face, then rise and parry the stab with the sword in front of your left hand against his right side, and rise with it to his lance into the upper guard, and jump to him and plant to him. If you then don’t hit correctly with the planting, then drop your sword, and rush to him, and wait for the wrestling.</p>
+
<p>When you have a sword and he a lance, if he then has grasped it short, and stands with it in the upper guard, then lie your sword onto your left knee in the guard. If he then stabs in above to the face, then rise and parry the stab with the sword in front of your left hand against his right side, and rise with it to his lance into the upper guard, and jump to him and plant to him. If you then don’t hit correctly with the planting, then drop your sword, and rush to him, and wait for the wrestling.</p>
 
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| <p>[85] {{red|b=1|Here note the play}}</p>
 
| <p>[85] {{red|b=1|Here note the play}}</p>
  
<p>Note, when you shall fight, if it then seems to you that your fighter wards too strong, then hold your sword in a guard, and step to him artfully, and note quite precisely when pulls his sword to himself and wants to stab or strike with the pommel. At the same time, follow after him quickly, and rush him with the point, and plant to him before he brings the stab or the hit. If he then becomes aware of the planting and moves wide in front with the sword and parries so that his point goes out next to you beside, then jerk through and stab him to the other side. If he wards that to the second time, then again jerk through, and do that as often as he parries, and jolt or rush quickly to him through with it at will . If you had not landed your hit on him correctly with the planting, then you may grapple with wrestling. Know, that is the art against all the fencers who parry long and wide, and fence to the sword and not to the openings of the body.</p>
+
<p>Note, when you shall fight, if it then seems to you that your fighter wards too strong, then hold your sword in a guard, and step to him artfully, and note quite precisely when pulls his sword to himself and wants to stab or strike with the pommel. At the same time, follow after him quickly, and rush him with the point, and plant to him before he brings the stab or the hit. If he then becomes aware of the planting and moves wide in front with the sword and parries so that his point goes out next to you beside, then jerk through and stab him to the other side. If he wards that to the second time, then again jerk through, and do that as often as he parries, and jolt or rush quickly to him through with it at will. If you had not landed your hit on him correctly with the planting, then you may grapple with wrestling. Know, that is the art against all the fencers who parry long and wide, and fence to the sword and not to the openings of the body.</p>
 
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Revision as of 19:43, 21 May 2018

Gloss and Interpretation of
the Recital on the Long Sword
die gloss und die auslegung der zettel
des langen schwerts
Johannes Liechtenauer.jpg
Author(s) Unknown
Ascribed to Pseudo-Peter von Danzig
Illustrated by Unknown
Date before 1452
Genre
Language Early New High German
State of Existence Original hypothetical;
multiple branches exist
Principal
Manuscript(s)
Cod. 44.A.8 (1452)
Manuscript(s)
First Printed
English Edition
Tobler, 2010
Concordance by Michael Chidester
Translations

"Pseudo-Peter von Danzig" is the name given to an anonymous late 14th or early 15th century German fencing master.[1] Some time before the creation of the Codex 44.A.8 in 1452, he authored a gloss of Johannes Liechtenauer's Recital (Zettel) which would go on to become the most widespread in the tradition. While the identity of the glossator remains unknown, it is possible that he was in fact Jud Lew or Sigmund ain Ringeck, both of whose glosses show strong similarities to the work. On the other hand, the introduction to the Rome version of the text could be construed as attributing it to Liechtenauer himself.

Stemma

Early on in its history, the Pseudo-Peter von Danzig gloss seems to have split into two or three primary branches, and no definite copies of the unaltered original are known to survive. The gloss of Sigmund ain Ringeck also seems to be related to this work, due to the considerable overlap in text and contents, but it is currently unclear if Ringeck's gloss is based on that of pseudo-Danzig or if they both derive from an even earlier original gloss (or even if Ringeck and pseudo-Danzig are the same author and the "Ringeck" gloss should be considered Branch D).

Branch A, first attested in the Augsburg version (1450s) and comprising the majority of extant copies, has more devices overall than Branch B but generally shorter descriptions in areas of overlap. It also glosses only Liechtenauer's Recital on long sword and mounted fencing; in lieu of a gloss of Liechtenauer's short sword, it is generally accompanied by the short sword teachings of Andre Liegniczer and Martin Huntfeltz (or, in the case of the 1512 Vienna II, Ringeck's short sword gloss). Apart from the Augsburg, the other principal text in Branch A is the Salzburg version (1491), which was copied independently[2] and also incorporates ten paragraphs from Ringeck's gloss and twenty from an unidentified third source. Branch A was redacted by Paulus Hector Mair (three mss., 1540s), Lienhart Sollinger (1556), and Joachim Meyer (1570), which despite being the latest is the cleanest extant version and was likely either copied directly from the original or created by comparing multiple versions to correct their errors. It was also one of the bases for Johannes Lecküchner's gloss on the Messer in the late 1470s.

Branch B, attested first in the Rome version (1452), is found in only four manuscripts; it tends to feature slightly longer descriptions than Branch A, but includes fewer devices overall. Branch B glosses Liechtenauer's entire Recital, including the short sword section, and may therefore be considered more complete than Branch A; it also differs from Branch A in that three of the four known copies are illustrated to some extent, where none in the other branch are. The Krakow version (1510-20) seems to be an incomplete (though extensively illustrated) copy taken from the Rome,[3] while Augsburg II (1564) collects only the six illustrated wrestling devices from the Krakow. Even more anomalous is the Glasgow version (1508), consisting solely of a nearly complete redaction of the short sword gloss (assigning it to Branch B), which is appended to the opening paragraphs of Ringeck's gloss of the same section; since it accompanies Ringeck's long sword and mounted fencing glosses, a possible explanation is that the scribe lacked a complete copy of Ringeck and tried to fill in the deficit with another similar text.

A Branch C might be said to exist as well, first attested in the Vienna version (1480s), though it is unclear whether it was derived independently from the original, represents an intermediate evolutionary step between Branches A and B, or was created by simply merging copies of the other branches together. The structure and contents of this branch very closely align with Branch B, lacking most of the unique devices of Branch A and including the gloss of the short sword, but the actual text is more consistent with that of Branch A. A fragment of Branch C appears in the writings of Jörg Wilhalm Hutter (several mss., 1520s), though Glasgow II (1533) assigns the fragment a much earlier origin, stating that it was devised by one Nicolaüs in 1489.

Finally, there is one version of the Pseudo-Peter von Danzig gloss that defies categorization into any branch, namely the one that Mair created based on papers purchased from the estate of Antonius Rast. This gloss is a chimeric abomination, combining text from all three branches in an apparently-arbitrary sequence, and then concluding with the final eighteen paragraphs of Ringeck.

While all branches were originally presented in a single concordance in this article, the differences between them were revealed thereby to be extensive enough that they merit separate consideration. Thus, Branch A has been placed on the page of Jud Lew, to whom is seemingly attributed the gloss on mounted fencing, while Branch B has been retained here. Branch C will be placed on another page in the future.

Treatise

Additional Resources

References

  1. This name stems from the false assumption of many 20th century writers identifying him with Peter von Danzig zum Ingolstadt.
  2. Both Augsburg and Salzburg contain significant scribal errors of omission that allow us to identify manuscripts copied from them.
  3. Zabinski, pp 82-83
  4. Per Trosclair, Goliath text reads "In the same way, the counterpart from the left side through, you shall always render hew and tread with each other as one."
  5. Or "tap-hit".
  6. "As painted hereafter" added in the Krakow.
  7. Couplets 102-109.
  8. Couplet 74.
  9. "and binds strongly on your sword therewith" omitted from the Krakow.
  10. Squint here means “an askew glance”, referring to both the sword's direction of travel and also the use of deception with the eyes with this hew.
  11. "the Four Openings" omitted from the Krakow.
  12. K. "The Following Technique".
  13. "from all" omitted from the Krakow.
  14. "with" omitted from the Krakow.
  15. Letter erased and overwritten.
  16. "with something" omitted from the Krakow.
  17. This text is a repetition of the first paragraph on folio 68r, but this is the illustration that corresponds to the text in Goliath (folio 54v).
  18. K. "with both hands".
  19. 19.0 19.1 Indecipherable due to an ink blotch.
  20. "and see" omitted from the Krakow.
  21. K. "Here you should drive four windings from both hands from the two over-hangings, that is, the ox".
  22. crosswise? across? obliquely?
  23. satelbogen, maybe saddle horn?
  24. let your lance sink down in front
  25. bridle?
  26. look into this, "in nöten"
  27. zu hilff - to help
  28. This is wrong, it is the 5th figure.
  29. eysenhuet - iron hat
  30. move him? move to him?
  31. Could be bridle. Have it as "reins" because it makes more sense in the context of the play below.
  32. Other one says "too".
  33. Typo in the source, should be 25 (xxv)
  34. Somewhere else it says "strike a glancing blow," I think that's the same idea
  35. This quatrain is a mess
  36. Make a note, "zu dem schuß," literally "to the shot"
  37. Glasgow version adds "him"
  38. G. "wisely and masterfully".
  39. G. "students".
  40. Corrected from »sein«.
  41. Corrected from »seinem«.
  42. Glasgow contains extensive differences.
  43. And you shall... with the point" omitted from the Glasgow.
  44. G. "work to the openings".
  45. The rest vanishes in the binding.
  46. "the face" omitted in the Glasgow.
  47. Clause omitted from the Glasgow.
  48. Clause omitted from the Glasgow.
  49. Tricky. The rome says "vrbrigen," the Glasgow says "verpringen," and the Vienna says "vbaring." Since we see this exact same construction in a lance play earlier, I'm going with "urbaring," and going to say that the author of the Glasgow didn't understand the word, so he went with "verbringen."
  50. I don't get this or the following one.
  51. Corrected from »dam«.
  52. Corrected from »dem«.
  53. Corrected from »vchsel«.
  54. It is "er" in the text because "ee wenn" is a conjunction, so it resets the case. It wouldn't do that in english I think, or I'm just an idiot.
  55. Corrected from »mit«.