Wiktenauer logo.png

Difference between revisions of "Pseudo-Peter von Danzig"

From Wiktenauer
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Line 126: Line 126:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
|  
+
| class="noline" |  
| <p>[4] {{red|b=1|This is a general lesson of the Long Sword in which very fine Art is held:}}</p>
+
| class="noline" | <p>[4] {{red|b=1|This is a general lesson of the Long Sword in which very fine Art is held:}}</p>
  
 
<p>{{red|b=1|Text}}</p>
 
<p>{{red|b=1|Text}}</p>
Line 140: Line 140:
 
|}
 
|}
 
<p>Gloss: Mark, that is the first art of the Long Sword, that you shall learn the hews correctly before all things, so that you will otherwise fence strongly, and undertake that thus: When you stand with your left foot before and hew from your right side, if you do not follow after the hew with a step forward of your right foot, then the hew is false and incorrect. When your right side remains behind, the hew becomes too short thereby and may not have its correct path downwards to the other side before the left foot.</p>
 
<p>Gloss: Mark, that is the first art of the Long Sword, that you shall learn the hews correctly before all things, so that you will otherwise fence strongly, and undertake that thus: When you stand with your left foot before and hew from your right side, if you do not follow after the hew with a step forward of your right foot, then the hew is false and incorrect. When your right side remains behind, the hew becomes too short thereby and may not have its correct path downwards to the other side before the left foot.</p>
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 010r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
+
| class="noline" | {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 010r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
| <p><br/><br/></p>
+
| class="noline" | <p><br/><br/></p>
  
 
{{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 007v.jpg|1|lbl=7v}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 007v.jpg|1|lbl=7v}}
|  
+
| class="noline" |  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 170: Line 170:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
|  
+
| class="noline" |  
| <p>[7] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss of yet a lesson:}}</p>
+
| class="noline" | <p>[7] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss of yet a lesson:}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 184: Line 184:
 
|}
 
|}
 
<p>Gloss: Mark, that is when you come to him with the pre-fencing: what you will then fence, drive it with the entire strength of your body, and hew in therewith near to the head and to the body, and remain with your point in before his face or the breast so he cannot Change-through before your point. If he parries with strength and lets the point go out from you on the side, then give him a Lighter-hit<ref>Or "tap-hit".</ref> on the arm.</p>
 
<p>Gloss: Mark, that is when you come to him with the pre-fencing: what you will then fence, drive it with the entire strength of your body, and hew in therewith near to the head and to the body, and remain with your point in before his face or the breast so he cannot Change-through before your point. If he parries with strength and lets the point go out from you on the side, then give him a Lighter-hit<ref>Or "tap-hit".</ref> on the arm.</p>
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 010v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
+
| class="noline" | {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 010v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
  
 
{{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 011r.jpg|1|lbl=11r}}
 
{{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 011r.jpg|1|lbl=11r}}
|  
+
| class="noline" |  
 
{{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 008r.jpg|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 008v.jpg|1|lbl=8v|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 008r.jpg|2|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 008v.jpg|1|lbl=8v|p=1}}
|  
+
| class="noline" |  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 199: Line 199:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
|  
+
| class="noline" |  
| <p>[9] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss of yet another lesson:}}</p>
+
| class="noline" | <p>[9] {{red|b=1|This is the text and the gloss of yet another lesson:}}</p>
 
{| class="zettel"
 
{| class="zettel"
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 210: Line 210:
 
|}
 
|}
 
<p>Gloss: Mark, this is a lesson and touches upon two persons, a righty and a lefty, and is how you shall hew so that one does not win the Weak of your sword with the first hew, and undertake that thus: when you come to him with the pre-fencing, if you are then a righty, then do not hew the first hew with purpose from the left side, when he is Weak, and may not hold against therewith when he hews strongly in with you. So therefore hew from the right, so that you may well hold strongly against, and work what you will on the sword.</p>
 
<p>Gloss: Mark, this is a lesson and touches upon two persons, a righty and a lefty, and is how you shall hew so that one does not win the Weak of your sword with the first hew, and undertake that thus: when you come to him with the pre-fencing, if you are then a righty, then do not hew the first hew with purpose from the left side, when he is Weak, and may not hold against therewith when he hews strongly in with you. So therefore hew from the right, so that you may well hold strongly against, and work what you will on the sword.</p>
|  
+
| class="noline" |  
 
{{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 011r.jpg|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 011v.jpg|1|lbl=11v|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 011r.jpg|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 011v.jpg|1|lbl=11v|p=1}}
| {{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 008v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
+
| class="noline" | {{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 008v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
|  
+
| class="noline" |  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 524: Line 524:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| rowspan="2" | [[File:MS Germ.Quart.2020 016v.jpg|350px|center]]
 
| rowspan="2" | [[File:MS Germ.Quart.2020 016v.jpg|350px|center]]
| <p>[31] {{red|b=1|Another:}}</p>
+
| class="noline" | <p>[31] {{red|b=1|Another:}}</p>
  
 
<p>Mark, if he hews you with the long edge in to your head from above his left shoulder, and you do likewise, if he then remains Strong on the sword again, then quickly drive up with your arms and strike in with the short edge, behind his sword’s blade on his head.</p>
 
<p>Mark, if he hews you with the long edge in to your head from above his left shoulder, and you do likewise, if he then remains Strong on the sword again, then quickly drive up with your arms and strike in with the short edge, behind his sword’s blade on his head.</p>
|  
+
| class="noline" |  
 
{{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 016r.jpg|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 016v.jpg|1|lbl=16v|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 016r.jpg|3|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 016v.jpg|1|lbl=16v|p=1}}
| {{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 016r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
+
| class="noline" | {{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 016r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
|  
+
| class="noline" |  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 539: Line 539:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| rowspan="2" | [[File:MS Germ.Quart.2020 017v.jpg|350px|center]]
+
| rowspan="3" | [[File:MS Germ.Quart.2020 017v.jpg|350px|center]]
| <p>[33] {{red|b=1|Here mark how one shall drive the Mutating to both sides:}}</p>
+
| class="noline" | <p>[33] {{red|b=1|Here mark how one shall drive the Mutating to both sides:}}</p>
  
 
<p>Mark, when you hew strongly on him from above your right shoulder to his head, if he parries and is Soft on the sword, then Wind on your left side with your short edge on his sword, and drive up well with your arms, and drive in with your sword’s blade above over his sword, and stab into the lower opening.</p>
 
<p>Mark, when you hew strongly on him from above your right shoulder to his head, if he parries and is Soft on the sword, then Wind on your left side with your short edge on his sword, and drive up well with your arms, and drive in with your sword’s blade above over his sword, and stab into the lower opening.</p>
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 016v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
+
| class="noline" | {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 016v.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 017r.jpg|1|lbl=17r}}
+
| class="noline" | {{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 017r.jpg|1|lbl=17r}}
|  
+
| class="noline" |  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| <p>[34] {{red|b=1|Another:}}</p>
+
| class="noline" | <p>[34] {{red|b=1|Another:}}</p>
  
 
<p>Mark, when you hew to his head from above your left side, if he parries and is Soft on the sword, then drive up with your arms and hang in the point above over his sword, and stab into the lower opening. Thus you may drive the two techniques from all hews thereafter, as you find the Weak and Strong on the sword.</p>
 
<p>Mark, when you hew to his head from above your left side, if he parries and is Soft on the sword, then drive up with your arms and hang in the point above over his sword, and stab into the lower opening. Thus you may drive the two techniques from all hews thereafter, as you find the Weak and Strong on the sword.</p>
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 016v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
+
| class="noline" | {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 016v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
| {{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 017r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
+
| class="noline" | {{section|Page:MS Germ.Quart.2020 017r.jpg|2|lbl=-}}
|  
+
| class="noline" |  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
|
 
 
| <p>[35] ''These are the fencings with the sword, and embody the work that is exalted.''</p>
 
| <p>[35] ''These are the fencings with the sword, and embody the work that is exalted.''</p>
 
|  
 
|  

Revision as of 18:36, 29 January 2018

Gloss and Interpretation of
the Recital on the Long Sword
die gloss und die auslegung der zettel
des langen schwerts
Johannes Liechtenauer.jpg
Author(s) Unknown
Ascribed to Pseudo-Peter von Danzig
Illustrated by Unknown
Date before 1452
Genre
Language Early New High German
State of Existence Original hypothetical;
multiple branches exist
Principal
Manuscript(s)
Cod. 44.A.8 (1452)
Manuscript(s)
First Printed
English Edition
Tobler, 2010
Concordance by Michael Chidester
Translations

"Pseudo-Peter von Danzig" is the name given to an anonymous late 14th or early 15th century German fencing master.[1] Some time before the creation of the Codex 44.A.8 in 1452, he authored a gloss of Johannes Liechtenauer's Recital (Zettel) which would go on to become the most widespread in the tradition. While the identity of the glossator remains unknown, it is possible that he was in fact Jud Lew or Sigmund ain Ringeck, both of whose glosses show strong similarities to the work. On the other hand, the introduction to the Rome version of the text could be construed as attributing it to Liechtenauer himself.

Stemma

Early on in its history, the Pseudo-Peter von Danzig gloss seems to have split into two or three primary branches, and no definite copies of the unaltered original are known to survive. The gloss of Sigmund ain Ringeck also seems to be related to this work, due to the considerable overlap in text and contents, but it is currently unclear if Ringeck's gloss is based on that of pseudo-Danzig or if they both derive from an even earlier original gloss (or even if Ringeck and pseudo-Danzig are the same author and the "Ringeck" gloss should be considered Branch D).

Branch A, first attested in the Augsburg version (1450s) and comprising the majority of extant copies, has more devices overall than Branch B but generally shorter descriptions in areas of overlap. It also glosses only Liechtenauer's Recital on long sword and mounted fencing; in lieu of a gloss of Liechtenauer's short sword, it is generally accompanied by the short sword teachings of Andre Liegniczer and Martin Huntfeltz (or, in the case of the 1512 Vienna II, Ringeck's short sword gloss). Apart from the Augsburg, the other principal text in Branch A is the Salzburg version (1491), which was copied independently[2] and also incorporates nine paragraphs from Ringeck's gloss and twenty-one paragraphs from an unidentified third source. Branch A was redacted by Paulus Hector Mair (three mss., 1540s), Lienhart Sollinger (1556), and Joachim Meyer (1570), which despite being the latest is the cleanest extant version and was likely either copied directly from the original or created by comparing multiple versions to correct their errors. It was also one of the bases for Johannes Lecküchner's gloss on the Messer in the late 1470s.

Branch B, attested first in the Rome version (1452), is found in only four manuscripts; it tends to feature slightly longer descriptions than Branch A, but includes fewer devices overall. Branch B glosses Liechtenauer's entire Recital, including the short sword section, and may therefore be considered more complete than Branch A; it also differs from Branch A in that three of the four known copies are illustrated to some extent, where none in the other branch are. The Krakow version (1510-20) seems to be an incomplete (though extensively illustrated) copy taken from the Rome,[3] while Augsburg II (1564) collects only the six illustrated wrestling devices from the Krakow. Even more anomalous is the Glasgow version (1508), consisting solely of a nearly complete redaction of the short sword gloss (assigning it to Branch B), which is appended to the opening paragraphs of Ringeck's gloss of the same section; since it accompanies Ringeck's long sword and mounted fencing glosses, a possible explanation is that the scribe lacked a complete copy of Ringeck and tried to fill in the deficit with another similar text.

A Branch C might be said to exist as well, first attested in the Vienna version (1480s), though it is unclear whether it was derived independently from the original, represents an intermediate evolutionary step between Branches A and B, or was created by simply merging copies of the other branches together. The structure and contents of this branch very closely align with Branch B, lacking most of the unique devices of Branch A and including the gloss of the short sword, but the actual text is more consistent with that of Branch A. A fragment of Branch C appears in the writings of Jörg Wilhalm Hutter (several mss., 1520s), though Glasgow II (1533) assigns the fragment a much earlier origin, stating that it was devised by one Nicolaüs in 1489.

Finally, there is one version of the Pseudo-Peter von Danzig gloss that defies categorization into any branch, namely the one that Mair created based on papers purchased from the estate of Antonius Rast. This gloss is a chimeric abomination, combining text from all three branches in an apparently-arbitrary sequence, and then concluding with the final eighteen paragraphs of Ringeck.

While all branches were originally presented in a single concordance in this article, the differences between them were revealed thereby to be extensive enough that they merit separate consideration. Thus, Branch A has been placed on the page of Jud Lew, to whom is seemingly attributed the gloss on mounted fencing, while Branch B has been retained here. Branch C will be placed on another page in the future.

Treatise

Additional Resources

References

  1. This name stems from the false assumption of many 20th century writers identifying him with Peter von Danzig zum Ingolstadt.
  2. Both Augsburg and Salzburg contain significant scribal errors of omission that allow us to identify manuscripts copied from them.
  3. Zabinski, pp 82-83
  4. Per Trosclair, Goliath text reads " In the same way, from the left side, through; (you) shall always hew and tread with each other, created(alt. designed, implemented) together(alt. at once, at the same time.)"
  5. Or "tap-hit".
  6. "As painted hereafter" added in the Krakow.
  7. Couplets 102-109.
  8. Couplet 74.
  9. "and binds strongly on your sword therewith" omitted from the Krakow.
  10. Squint here means “an askew glance”, referring to both the sword's direction of travel and also the use of deception with the eyes with this hew.
  11. "the Four Openings" omitted from the Krakow.
  12. K. "The Following Technique".
  13. "from all" omitted from the Krakow.
  14. "with" omitted from the Krakow.
  15. Letter erased and overwritten.
  16. "with something" omitted from the Krakow.
  17. This text is a repetition of the first paragraph on folio 68r, but this is the illustration that corresponds to the text in Goliath (folio 54v).
  18. K. "with both hands".
  19. 19.0 19.1 Indecipherable due to an ink blotch.
  20. "and see" omitted from the Krakow.
  21. K. "Here you should drive four windings from both hands from the two over-hangings, that is, the ox".
  22. G. "wisely and masterfully".
  23. G. "students".
  24. Corrected from »sein«.
  25. Corrected from »seinem«.
  26. Glasgow contains extensive differences.
  27. The rest vanishes in the binding.
  28. And you should... with the point" omitted from the Glasgow.
  29. G. "work to the openings".
  30. "the face" omitted in the Glasgow.
  31. Clause omitted from the Glasgow.
  32. "you should not defend or displace" omitted from the Glasgow.
  33. Corrected from »dam«.
  34. Corrected from »dem«.
  35. Corrected from »vchsel«.
  36. G. "hold fast the blade and the fingers together".
  37. Corrected from »mit«.