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Difference between revisions of "Ott Jud"

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Revision as of 19:34, 24 April 2023

Ott Jud
Born date of birth unknown
Died 1448-52 (?)
Occupation Wrestling master
Ethnicity Jewish
Patron princes of Austria
Movement Fellowship of Liechtenauer
Genres Wrestling manual
Language Early New High German
Manuscript(s)
First printed
english edition		 Tobler, 2010
Concordance by Michael Chidester
Translations
MS Thott.290.2º 011r.jpg

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This article was last edited by Michael Chidester (talk| contribs) at 19:34, 24 April 2023 (UTC). (Update)

Ott Jud was a 15th century German wrestling master. His name signifies that he was a Jew, and several versions of his treatise (including the oldest one) state that he was baptized Christian.[1] In 1470, Paulus Kal described him as the wrestling master to the princes of Austria, and included him in the membership of the Fellowship of Liechtenauer.[2] While Ott's precise lifetime is uncertain, he may have still been alive when Hans Talhoffer included the Gotha version in his fencing manual in ca. 1448, but seems to have died some time before the creation of the Rome version in 1452.[3]

Ott's treatise on grappling is repeated throughout all of the early German treatise compilations and seems to have become the dominant work on the subject within the Liechtenauer tradition.

Stemma

It is difficult to say when Ott's treatise was written, and the original is certainly lost at present. The oldest extant copy is the Gotha version, which was included in a manuscript in the 1440s alongside works by Johannes Hartlieb, Hans Talhoffer, and others. The Gotha version is decidedly incomplete compared to other early renditions, suggesting that Ott was not directly involved despite its proximity to his career. Gotha was copied into several further manuscripts, including the New York (16th century), the Göttingen (17th century), and the Munich II (ca. 1820); since these are all direct copies, they offer little additional help in understanding Ott's work (apart from evidence of its continued transmission).

Two copies of Ott's work date to the 1450s, the Augsburg and Rome versions. Here we see the art of

Treatise

The text of the Krakow version includes sixteen references to illustrations that were never added to the manuscript. The appropriate blank pages are included in the illustration column as placeholders. It's possible that some version of these intended illustrations still exist somewhere; if they ever surface, the blank pages will be replaced.

Select one or more fencing styles using the checkboxes below to view the associated treatises.

The number in brackets at the beginning of each translation box is a paragraph number assigned by Wiktenauer; clicking it will take you to the translation page. The numbers in brackets in the transcriptions with an "r" or "v" are manuscript folio numbers; clicking them will take you to original page scan with the transcription alongside for comparison. If you want to sort a column by number, click the black triangles in the table headers.

Original Teaching

16th Century Poetic Rendering

Teachings of Ott Jud

16th century poetic rendering

Additional Resources

References

  1. ↑ The Gotha version, as well as the Augsburg, Vienna, and Glasgow versions, all use the term tauffter Jud, "baptized Jew".
  2. ↑ The Fellowship of Liechtenauer is recorded in three versions of Paulus Kal's treatise: MS 1825 (1460s), Cgm 1570 (ca. 1470), and MS KK5126 (1480s).
  3. ↑ His name lacks the traditional blessing on the dead in Talhoffer, but receives it in the Rome (see folio 100v).
  4. ↑ ll corrected from u.
  5. ↑ vor ringen
  6. ↑ mit ringen
  7. ↑ nach ringen
  8. ↑ This column is not a true transcription of the first fragment of Ott in Wassmannsdorff's manuscript. It is, instead, Wassmannsdorff's transcription of the Augsburg version, modified according to the differences he notes in his apparatus. It is placed here to offer a rough idea of the contents of this section in the absence of the actual manuscript or complete transcription. Note that the terminus at paragraph 22 isn't definitely the end of the fragment, but rather the final paragraph with relevant footnotes.
  9. ↑ das Wort »auf« ist nachträglich in anderer Handschrift klein über der Zeile zwischen den Wörtern eingefügt worden.
  10. ↑ Corrected from »deinem«.
  11. ↑ Corrected from »dein«.
  12. ↑ Korrigiert aus »rechtenn«.
  13. ↑ Korrigiert aus »rechtz«.
  14. ↑ Corrected from »dein«.
  15. ↑ There is obviously a mistake in the text. This is evident from the von Speyer version of the Ott text, which says to hold his left arm with your right. In the Goliath manuscript the relevant text says: "grab his right arm with your left hand firmly and come with your right hand to help your left". Taking into consideration the subsequent instruction on the direction of the turning through, the last record of Ott’s teaching seems to be the most logical and credible.
  16. ↑ wendt dich durch
  17. ↑ German has vallen - may be intended as "speciem".
  18. ↑ This play is placed before the previous counter in Rome and Krakow, but following Augsburg, it appears to be a second counter to the same action.
  19. ↑ This is clearly a scribal error for unndter. However, it is also clear that the text reads “vindter”. In this case, note that the following title “Unndten durchfarn” is spelled correctly.
  20. ↑ The phrase "seinen linngen arm auß, mit deiner rechten hannd, von oben nider, vnnd begreif ime damit" is struck through on MS Dresd.C.94 118r, but this manuscript's scribe seems to have not recognized that.
  21. ↑ Corrected.
  22. ↑ Corrected.
  23. ↑ corrected from »sein«
  24. ↑ nym Im das gewicht
  25. ↑ The Rome version places this text before the previous play.
  26. ↑ This is clearly a scribal error for unndter. However, it is also clear that the text reads “vindter”.
  27. ↑ Ribs.
  28. ↑ Corrected.
  29. ↑ This is the title given in Dresden. Gotha and Rome have Ein pruch wider das schrencken or "a counter to the barrier", while Glasgow gives Ein pruch wider Sterck, "a counter against strength".
  30. ↑ jam his right foot probably with your left
  31. ↑ The words "In sein" are transposed, with marking indicating that they should be reversed.
  32. ↑ leaning on the neck, letting him take all your wieght
  33. ↑ Schranck
  34. ↑ Should be "his right side" (against your left), which follows the preceding rhyme.
  35. ↑ Corrected from »seinem«
  36. ↑ Corrected from seiner.
  37. ↑ The manuscript only says “vnd”.
  38. ↑ push the chin up and back
  39. ↑ The above word “reiben” (rub, as in “drehen”, ‘turn’, ‘twist’) is clarified by the word “prechen”.
  40. ↑ both
  41. ↑ Append: “linken Bein”.
  42. ↑ “deine”.
  43. ↑ judge correct
  44. ↑ An dieser Stelle bricht der Text ab.
  45. ↑ “klein (groβ).”
  46. ↑ Missing word, error: “Seite”.
  47. ↑ r corrected from n.
  48. ↑ hold
  49. ↑ hold
  50. ↑ Dresden differs here
  51. ↑ “kannst du”.
  52. ↑ lapel grab
  53. ↑ lapels
  54. ↑ t skipped and then added into the space between words.
  55. ↑ Possibly “und erfahe”, or simply “und fahe”.
  56. ↑ rechte is written in the same script as the rest of the paragraph but runs into the margin. It may have been omitted by mistake and then added after the rest was written.
  57. ↑ The words "seitten oder" are probably because of carelessness of the scribe.
  58. ↑ Interpret as “ihn”.
  59. ↑ Interpret as “Linken”.
  60. ↑ Read: “oberhalb des”.
  61. ↑ “Eile ihm”.
  62. ↑ play
  63. ↑ Talhoffer mentions “stainwerffen vnd stainschüben” in his list of exercises within his own Vorrede.
  64. ↑ Possibly: für was (wofür)?
  65. ↑ ‘ohne’.
  66. ↑ ‘Stangenwerfen (== schieben) und Steinstoβen’.
  67. ↑ Could this be a reference to the oldest printed Fightbook, Paurnfeindt’s Ergrundung Ritterlicher kunst der Fechterey (Vienna 1516), whose author concludes with ‘auszug dizer Ritterlichen kunst’?
  68. ↑ ‘beiwohnt’.
  69. ↑ Paurenfeindt offers his students his Fechtbuch in the same hope, that “von tag czu tag czu merren vnd bessern” (from day to day, to increase and improve).
  70. ↑ Auerswald and the Berlin and Munich Ringbücher all begin with this affirmation: “In Sant Jorgen namen heb an. Und schaw zum ersten ob der man hoch oder nider gange das ist des ringens anefang.”
  71. ↑ Should be "his right side" (against your left), which follows the preceding rhyme.
  72. ↑ Compare play 50.
  73. ↑ Missing “umb”, as in “Dich umfangen ist – dich umfängt.”
  74. ↑ The manuscript only says “vnd”.
  75. ↑ Compare play 51.
  76. ↑ Should be read as “Aber”.
  77. ↑ The above word “reiben” (rub, as in “drehen”, ‘turn’, ‘twist’) is clarified by the word “prechen”.
  78. ↑ Compare play 52.
  79. ↑ Should be read as “gan”.
  80. ↑ Append: “linken Bein”.
  81. ↑ “deine”.
  82. ↑ Compare play 53.
  83. ↑ Compare play 54.
  84. ↑ That is: ‘durch die seitten’.
  85. ↑ “Beiten”, is the dialect of the text for “warten”. In Rückert’s Makamen, the Schoolmaster from Hims (Schulmeister von Hims) states “beaten ist ein Wort für weilen, alt und gut; wähle nach Gefallen zwischen beiden”.
  86. ↑ “können”.
  87. ↑ “klein (groβ).”
  88. ↑ Missing word, error: “Seite”.
  89. ↑ Compare play 55.
  90. ↑ In the manuscript, the remaining plays of Ott are included without a poetic rendering before this concluding section. It cannot be determined from the transcription whether space was left for those paragraphs to be rendered into verse.
  91. ↑ Lit: ‘lie down’
  92. ↑ Should be “denn”.
  93. ↑ Should be “euch”.
  94. ↑ “Wollen”.
Early Germanic Traditions
Common Fencing Johannes Liechtenauer reversed.jpg
Wrestling
Liechtenauer
Tradition
Beringer Verse
Augsburg Tradition
Other Works
Fabris Tradition
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