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Difference between revisions of "Andre Lignitzer"

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| <p>[1] {{red|b=1|Here you rise to the art of Master Andres, known as the Lignitzer and well respected, in the shortened sword in the ready hand as an effective knightly weapon.}}</p>
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| <p>{{red|b=1|Here you rise to the art of Master Andres, known as the Lignitzer and well respected, in the shortened sword in the ready hand as an effective knightly weapon.}}</p>
 
 
<p>Note: take the sword with the right hand on the grip, and with the left grasp the middle of the blade, and go strongly to the man, so he must stab or strike. Indeed, come before to quickly engage forcefully and stay close.</p>
 
 
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| '''[137r] {{red|Hie heb sich an das kürtz swert in dem kanpff als es meinster mertein hündsfelder gesait hatt ~}}
 
| '''[137r] {{red|Hie heb sich an das kürtz swert in dem kanpff als es meinster mertein hündsfelder gesait hatt ~}}
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{{red|Item}} NIn das swertt bÿ der rechte~ hant bÿ dem beÿn vnd mit der lincken griff mitten in die clingen vnd ge vast zu dem man So müß er schlagen oder stechen do küm vor vnd biß rechs pleÿb sollichenn vnd griff nohenn ~
 
 
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| <p>[1] Note: take the sword with the right hand on the grip, and with the left grasp the middle of the blade, and go strongly to the man, so he must stab or strike. Indeed come before to quickly engage forcefully and stay close.</p>
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| {{red|Item}} NIn das swertt bÿ der rechte~ hant bÿ dem beÿn vnd mit der lincken griff mitten in die clingen vnd ge vast zu dem man So müß er schlagen oder stechen do küm vor vnd biß rechs pleÿb sollichenn vnd griff nohenn ~
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| <p>[2] {{red|b=1|The First Play.}}</p>
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| <p>[2] {{red|b=1|The First Play}}</p>
  
 
<p>Note: stab him inward to his face, when he wards you, then drive through and attack him outward to his face. If he wards you again, and so strikes your point off, then twist with your pommel around over his right shoulder, and spring with your right leg behind his left, and throw him back over.</p>
 
<p>Note: stab him inward to his face, when he wards you, then drive through and attack him outward to his face. If he wards you again, and so strikes your point off, then twist with your pommel around over his right shoulder, and spring with your right leg behind his left, and throw him back over.</p>
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<p>Note: as one does this to you and has thrust the pommel onto your neck, then from below drive up with the left hand between both his arms, and grab him by his right arm, and force yourself from him on your right side, and throw him over the hip.</p>
 
<p>Note: as one does this to you and has thrust the pommel onto your neck, then from below drive up with the left hand between both his arms, and grab him by his right arm, and force yourself from him on your right side, and throw him over the hip.</p>
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<p>Note: when he would thrust his pommel around your neck, then grasp forward with the left hand, and grab behind his right hand onto the grip and take the pommel, and shove it below, and attack him where you wish with your sword.</p>
 
<p>Note: when he would thrust his pommel around your neck, then grasp forward with the left hand, and grab behind his right hand onto the grip and take the pommel, and shove it below, and attack him where you wish with your sword.</p>
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| <p>[23] {{red|b=1|The counter against}}</p>
 
| <p>[23] {{red|b=1|The counter against}}</p>
  
<p>Note, if one does this to you then let your sword go from the blade, and grasp with your left hand behind and over his shoulder, and grab your sword once again by the blade, and pull him close to you, and swing yourself from him on your right side</p>
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<p>Note, if one does this to you then let your sword go from the blade, and grasp with your left hand behind and over his shoulder, and grab your sword once again by the blade, and pull him close to you, and swing yourself from him on your right side.</p>
 
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| <p>[29] {{red|b=1|A counter against}}</p>
 
| <p>[29] {{red|b=1|A counter against}}</p>
  
<p>Note, if one does this to you, and takes your sword, and would twist out, Then grasp with your right hand behind his right, and your left hand behind his right elbow, then you have him around his back.</p>
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<p>Note, if one does this to you, and takes your sword, and would twist out. Then grasp with your right hand behind his right, and your left hand behind his right elbow, then you have him around his back.</p>
 
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{{master begin
 
{{master begin
  | title = Sword and Buckler
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  | title = Sword and buckler
 
  | width = 540em
 
  | width = 540em
 
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| rowspan="2" | [[file:MS Germ.Quart.2020 148v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
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| rowspan="3" | [[file:MS Germ.Quart.2020 148v.jpg|400x400px|center]]
| <p>[1] {{red|b=1|Here begins the wrestling of Master Andres Lignitzer}}<br/><br/></p>
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| <p>{{red|b=1|Here begins the wrestling of Master Andres Lignitzer}}</p>
 
 
<p>The first wrestling – When you clinch up at the arms, make sure that your left hand is on the inside of his right arm and that your right hand is on the outside of his left arm. If he holds you loosely, reach with your left for his right arm, grab him by the fingers, and jerk them to your left side. This is how you break his balance.</p>
 
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 081r.jpg|1|lbl=81r}}
 
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| '''[64r] {{red|Hie heben sich an die Ringen}}
 
| '''[64r] {{red|Hie heben sich an die Ringen}}
<br/>{{red|Item /}} das erst ringen / hat er dich beÿ dem arm~ gefast / vnd du in wider / So tracht das du <del>in w</del> mit deiner glecken handt in wemdig [!] seins rechten arms pist / vnd mit deiner rechten handt / auswendig seins lincken pist / hat er dich dan los / So greiff vor mit deiner gliggen hant auff sein glincke hant vnd begreiff in pey seinen vingern vnd prich die / auff sein lincke seÿttñ / so nymbst du im das gewicht
 
 
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| <p>[1] '''The first wrestling'''</p>
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<p>When you clinch up at the arms, make sure that your left hand is on the inside of his right arm and that your right hand is on the outside of his left arm. If he holds you loosely, reach with your left for his left arm, grab him by the fingers, and jerk them to your left side. This is how you break his balance.</p>
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| {{red|Item /}} das erst ringen /
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hat er dich beÿ dem arm~ gefast / vnd du in wider / So tracht das du <del>in w</del> mit deiner glecken handt in wemdig [!] seins rechten arms pist / vnd mit deiner rechten handt / auswendig seins lincken pist / hat er dich dan los / So greiff vor mit deiner gliggen hant auff sein glincke hant vnd begreiff in pey seinen vingern vnd prich die / auff sein lincke seÿttñ / so nymbst du im das gewicht
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<p>When someone does this to you and reaches for your fingers, spring with your right leg in front of both of his legs and reach with your right hand behind and around his back. Throw him in front of yourself to your left side.</p>
 
<p>When someone does this to you and reaches for your fingers, spring with your right leg in front of both of his legs and reach with your right hand behind and around his back. Throw him in front of yourself to your left side.</p>
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<p>When you clinch up at the arms, fall with your right arm over his left hand and help your right arm with your left hand. Turn away from him to your left side.</p>
 
<p>When you clinch up at the arms, fall with your right arm over his left hand and help your right arm with your left hand. Turn away from him to your left side.</p>
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<p>When you clinch up at the arms as before, make sure that your left hand is on the inside of his right arm and that your right hand is on the outside of his left arm. Strike his left hand from underneath with your right hand so that you have it on your right shoulder. Spring with your right leg in front of his left leg and wrap your right arm from the outside around his left arm. Help your right arm with your left hand and turn yourself away from him to your left side.</p>
 
<p>When you clinch up at the arms as before, make sure that your left hand is on the inside of his right arm and that your right hand is on the outside of his left arm. Strike his left hand from underneath with your right hand so that you have it on your right shoulder. Spring with your right leg in front of his left leg and wrap your right arm from the outside around his left arm. Help your right arm with your left hand and turn yourself away from him to your left side.</p>
 
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{{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 081r.jpg|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 081v.jpg|1|lbl=81v|p=1}}
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| <p>[7] {{red|b=1|The counter}}</p>
 
| <p>[7] {{red|b=1|The counter}}</p>
  
<p>When someone does this do you, grab his right arm by the wrist with your right hand and his right elbow from bellow with your left hand. This is how you throw him on his mouth.<ref>There is a further piece of instruction in Goliath: “Pull your left leg far back.</ref></p>
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<p>When someone does this do you, grab his right arm by the wrist with your right hand and his right elbow from bellow with your left hand. This is how you throw him on his mouth.<ref>There is a further piece of instruction in Goliath: “Pull your left leg far back”.</ref></p>
 
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{{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 081v.jpg|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 082r.jpg|1|lbl=82r|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 081v.jpg|4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 082r.jpg|1|lbl=82r|p=1}}
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| <p>[14] {{red|b=1|The eighth wrestling}}</p>
 
| <p>[14] {{red|b=1|The eighth wrestling}}</p>
  
<p>Let your arm slide and help your right hand with your left. Go through to your left side.<ref>The instructions in Goliath are more precise: “Go through to your left side under his left armpit while holding his left arm.</ref></p>
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<p>Let your arm slide and help your right hand with your left. Go through to your left side.<ref>The instructions in Goliath are more precise: “Go through to your left side under his left armpit while holding his left arm”.</ref></p>
 
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| <p>[16] {{red|b=1|The ninth wrestling}}</p>
 
| <p>[16] {{red|b=1|The ninth wrestling}}</p>
  
<p>Let your right hand slide on his left arm. Help your right hand with your left and turn away from him to your<ref>“his” (in the Glasgow Fechtbuch)</ref> left side. Pull his arm over your right shoulder.</p>
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<p>Let your right hand slide on his left arm. Help your right hand with your left and turn away from him to your<ref>“his” (in Goliath).</ref> left side. Pull his arm over your right shoulder.<ref>“his” (in the Glasgow Fechtbuch).</ref></p>
 
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| <p>[20] {{red|b=1|The eleventh wrestling}}</p>
 
| <p>[20] {{red|b=1|The eleventh wrestling}}</p>
  
<p>If he has grabbed you so that both of his arms are under your arms, grab him behind by his left butt cheek with your right hand.<ref>Goliath’s description is a bit different: “Strike out with your right hand and grab his right butt cheek.</ref> Grab him under his jaw with your left hand, so that your left arm is between your and his chest. Push him away above and pull him to yourself below, so that you throw him on his back.</p>
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<p>If he has grabbed you so that both of his arms are under your arms, grab him behind by his left butt cheek with your right hand.<ref>Goliath’s description is a bit different: “Strike out with your right hand and grab his right butt cheek”.</ref> Grab him under his jaw with your left hand, so that your left arm is between your and his chest. Push him away above and pull him to yourself below, so that you throw him on his back.</p>
 
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| <p>[22] {{red|b=1|Another counter to the previous wrestling}}</p>
 
| <p>[22] {{red|b=1|Another counter to the previous wrestling}}</p>
  
<p>When he has both of his arms under, go with both of your thumbs from bellow under his jaw or behind his ears.<ref>The Glasgow Fechtbuch has another suggestion: “…or into his eyes.</ref> This is how you break free from his hold.</p>
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<p>When he has both of his arms under, go with both of your thumbs from bellow under his jaw or behind his ears.<ref>The Glasgow Fechtbuch has another suggestion: “…or into his eyes”.</ref> This is how you break free from his hold.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 083v.jpg|1|lbl=83v}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 083v.jpg|1|lbl=83v}}
 
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| <p>[23] {{red|b=1|The twelfth wrestling}}</p>
 
| <p>[23] {{red|b=1|The twelfth wrestling}}</p>
  
<p>When you are in a neutral clinch position and you both have the same grips, make sure that your left arm is over his right arm and that your right arm is under<ref>“over” (in the Glasgow Fechtbuch)</ref> his left arm. Step with your right leg outwards<ref>The instructions in Goliath are clearer: “Step with your right leg outside behind his right leg…”</ref> and pull his left arm with your left arm to yourself. Help your left arm with your right arm and throw him over your hip.<ref>Goliath goes in more detail here: “…turn to your left side and throw him over your right hip.</ref> This is possible on both sides.</p>
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<p>When you are in a neutral clinch position and you both have the same grips, make sure that your left arm is over his right arm and that your right arm is under<ref>“over” (in the Glasgow Fechtbuch).</ref> his left arm. Step with your right leg outwards<ref>The instructions in Goliath are clearer: “Step with your right leg outside behind his right leg…”.</ref> and pull his left arm with your left arm to yourself. Help your left arm with your right arm and throw him over your hip.<ref>Goliath goes in more detail here: “…turn to your left side and throw him over your right hip”.</ref> This is possible on both sides.</p>
 
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| <p>[24] {{red|b=1|The thirteenth wrestling}}</p>
 
| <p>[24] {{red|b=1|The thirteenth wrestling}}</p>
  
<p>When he has grabbed you so that your right hand is under and your left arm is over, grab him with your left hand by the left side of his neck and with your right hand by his jacket on his left side. Push his neck away from yourself towards the ground from above and lift him up a bit from bellow. Step with your left leg back and turn to your left side.<ref>Goliath has a further suggestion: “You can also step with your right thigh to his left thigh during the turn and throw him.</ref></p>
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<p>When he has grabbed you so that your right hand is under and your left arm is over, grab him with your left hand by the left side of his neck and with your right hand by his jacket on his left side. Push his neck away from yourself towards the ground from above and lift him up a bit from bellow. Step with your left leg back and turn to your left side.<ref>Goliath has a further suggestion: “You can also step with your right thigh to his left thigh during the turn and throw him”.</ref></p>
 
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| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 083v.jpg|3|lbl=-}}
 
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| <p>[26] {{red|b=1|The fifteenth wrestling}}</p>
 
| <p>[26] {{red|b=1|The fifteenth wrestling}}</p>
  
<p>When he has grabbed you and you are in a neutral position so that your{{ref|11|11}} right arm is over and your left arm is under, pull your left arm and grab him with your left hand above his shoulder around his neck. Reach to help your right hand bellow and press him down. Fall on your buttocks and throw him over yourself. This one is also possible on both sides.</p>
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<p>When he has grabbed you and you are in a neutral position so that your<ref>“his” (in Glasgow Fechtbuch).</ref> right arm is over and your left arm is under, pull your left arm and grab him with your left hand above his shoulder around his neck. Reach to help your right hand bellow and press him down. Fall on your buttocks and throw him over yourself. This one is also possible on both sides.</p>
 
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| <p>[1] {{red|b=1|Fencing with the Dagger or Combat Dagger / Seven important Rules.}}</p>
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| <p>{{red|b=1|Fencing with the Dagger or Combat Dagger, Seven important Rules.}}</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 085r.jpg|1|lbl=85r}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.44.A.8 085r.jpg|1|lbl=85r}}
 
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| <p>[2] {{red|b=1|[Mark the First Device with the Dagger]}}</p>
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| <p>[1] {{red|b=1|Note the First Play with the Dagger]}}</p>
  
<p>If one stabs from above down to your face or chest / then drive forward with the left arm / and with the left hand grasp out from the inside over his right arm / and press him hard into your left side / and then stab him in the face with your dagger.</p>
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<p>If one stabs from above down to your face or chest, then drive forward with the left arm, and with the left hand grasp out from the inside over his right arm, and press him hard into your left side, and then stab him in the face with your dagger.</p>
 
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| <p>[3] {{red|b=1|[The Other Device]}}</p>
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| <p>[2] {{red|b=1|The Second Play}}</p>
  
<p>If he moves as if he will stab to your face / and makes a feint to you / and will stab you in the side / then block the stab with your left arm / and then twist your left hand up from below over onto his right hand / and press hard onto your chest / and stab him to the face with your dagger.</p>
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<p>If he moves as if he will stab to your face, and makes a feint to you, and will stab you in the side, then block the stab with your left arm, and then twist your left hand up from below over onto his right hand, and press hard onto your chest, and stab him to the face with your dagger.</p>
 
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| <p>[4] {{red|b=1|[The Third Device]}}</p>
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| <p>[3] {{red|b=1|The Third Play}}</p>
  
<p>If he holds the dagger so that the disk stands by his thumb / and stabs to your face from above / then with your left hand drive up inward from below to his right arm / and out over his right hand / and trap his right hand in your left armpit / and attack him.</p>
+
<p>If he holds the dagger so that the disk stands by his thumb, and stabs to your face from above, then with your left hand drive up inward from below to his right arm, and out over his right hand, and trap his right hand in your left armpit, and attack him.</p>
 
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<p>If he holds the dagger so that the disk stands by the thumb / and stabs to your side or torso / then with your left hand drive downward from above / and stab your dagger low under his right hand / and raise it up with your right hand / and press it hard to your chest / and twist yourself from him on your right side.</p>
+
<p>If he holds the dagger so that the disk stands by the thumb, and stabs to your side or torso, then with your left hand drive downward from above, and stab your dagger low under his right hand, and raise it up with your right hand, and press it hard to your chest, and twist yourself from him on your right side.</p>
 
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| <p>[5] {{red|b=1|The Fifth Play}}</p>
  
<p>If he holds the dagger so that the disk stands on his little finger / and stabs down to you from above / then hold your dagger / and stab up from low on your left side / against his stab / over his right hand / and with your left hand grasp up under his right to your blade and push your arm hard on his / and pull downward / this is the trap.</p>
+
<p>If he holds the dagger so that the disk stands on his little finger, and stabs down to you from above, then hold your dagger, and stab up from low on your left side, against his stab, over his right hand, and with your left hand grasp up under his right to your blade and push your arm hard on his, and pull downward, this is the trap.</p>
 
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| <p>[6] {{red|b=1|The Sixth Play}}</p>
  
<p>If he has drawn his dagger / but you have not / and he stabs above to you / then drive up from below with your right arm / and grasp him with your right hand behind his right / and drive your left hand up from below to his right elbow / and take his arm hard above your left arm and throw him.</p>
+
<p>If he has drawn his dagger, but you have not, and he stabs above to you, then drive up from below with your right arm, and grasp him with your right hand behind his right, and drive your left hand up from below to his right elbow, and take his arm hard above your left arm and throw him.</p>
 
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<p>If he draws his dagger sooner than you (draw) yours / and stabs above to you / then block the stab with your left arm / and drive outward from inside over his right arm / and press it to your left side / and twist yourself from him to your right side / thus you break his arm. If you would throw him on his back / then spring to your left with your right leg / and grab under his right arm with your right hand / then you throw him over the hip.</p>
+
<p>If he draws his dagger sooner than you (draw) yours, and stabs above to you, then block the stab with your left arm, and drive outward from inside over his right arm, and press it to your left side, and twist yourself from him to your right side, thus you break his arm. If you would throw him on his back, then spring to your left with your right leg, and grab under his right arm with your right hand, then you throw him over the hip.</p>
 
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Revision as of 01:11, 19 May 2020

Andre Liegniczer
Born date of birth unknown
Legnica, Poland
Died before 1452
Relative(s) Jacob Liegniczer (brother)
Occupation Fencing master
Movement Fellowship of Liechtenauer
Genres
Language Early New High German
Manuscript(s)
First printed
english edition
Tobler, 2010
Concordance by Michael Chidester
Translations

Andre Liegniczer (Andres Lignitzer) was a late 14th or early 15th century German fencing master. His name might signify that he came from Legnica, Poland. While Liegniczer's precise lifetime is uncertain, he seems to have died some time before the creation of Codex Danzig in 1452.[1] He had a brother named Jacob Liegniczer who was also a fencing master,[2] but there is no record of any treatise Jacob may have authored. The only other fact that can be determined about Liegniczer's life is that his renown as a master was sufficient for Paulus Kal to include him, along with his brother, in his list of members of the Fellowship of Liechtenauer in 1470.[2]

An Andres Juden (Andres the Jew) is mentioned as a master associated with Liechtenauer in Pol Hausbuch,[3] and Codex Speyer contains a guide to converting between long sword and Messer techniques written by a "Magister Andreas",[4] but it is not currently known whether either of these masters is Liegniczer.

Andre Liegniczer is best known for his teachings on sword and buckler, and some variation on this brief treatise is included in many compilation texts in the Liechtenauer tradition. He also authored treatises on fencing with the short sword, dagger, and grappling, though these appear less frequently. Liegniczer's sword and buckler teachings are sometimes attributed to Sigmund ain Ringeck due to their unattributed inclusion in the MS Dresden C.487, but this is clearly incorrect.

Treatises

Note that the Augsburg, Salzburg, and Graz versions of Liegniczer's treatise on short sword fencing are erroneously credited to Martin Huntfeltz, while Huntfeltz' own treatise is credited to Jud Lew.[5]

Additional Resources

References

  1. He is given the traditional blessing on the dead on folio 73r.
  2. 2.0 2.1 The Fellowship of Liechtenauer is recorded in three versions of Paulus Kal's treatise: MS 1825 (1460s), Cgm 1570 (ca. 1470), and MS KK5126 (1480s).
  3. Anonymous. Untitled [manuscript]. MS 3227a. Nuremberg, Germany: Germanisches Nationalmuseum, ca.1389.
  4. von Speyer, Hans. Untitled [manuscript]. MS M.I.29. Salzburg, Austria: Universitätsbibliothek Salzburg, 1491.
  5. Jaquet and Walczak 2014.
  6. play
  7. The Rome version says: “Here begin the pieces with the buckler that the master Andre Lignitzer has written hereafter”.
  8. Oberhaw could be translated as “downward cut” for ease of use and clarity in English.
  9. This instruction is present in the Dresden version, but missing from the Rome version.
  10. Underhaw could be translated as “upward cut”. Can be done with the back edge or false edge, and can also be directed either at the man or at the sword. In this stuck, it appears to be a rising action to meet his sword.
  11. Dresden version specifies from his right shoulder, missing from Rome version.
  12. The position called the schilt is one described for longsword in the Kolner Fechtbuch and some of the other gemeinfechten sources, and is somewhat similar to what Liechtenauer would call an Ochs, although the point can be upward, potentially like quite a high Pflug. With the buckler in the left hand, standing like this in “two shields” with the sword in the schilt position and the shield covering the right hand, it looks very reminiscent of the schutzen position in the MS I.33. Following this line of thinking, the instruction to turn the sword to the right (out of the schutzen) and to reach (slice) through his mouth is very reminiscent of the follow-up action that the MS I.33 recommends from the schutzen obsesseo, and is also similar to what the Liechtenauer Zedel and glosses refer to as the Alten Schnitt.
  13. This instruction to wind bloß (“turn uncovered”) seems to have the sense of separating your sword and buckler while still pushing with both, keeping the hands more or less in front of the shoulders (as if sitting behind a steering wheel in a car with the hands at the “ten to two” position). The body probably has to move and turn in order to support this action, to keep the hands in front of the body rather than going out to the sides.
  14. Dresden has “holds his shield up”, Rome has “lifts his shield up”. Both could mean more or less the same thing, but I prefer “lifts” as an instruction.
  15. Wechselhaw could be translated as “changing cut”, because it goes up and down, side to side.
  16. Streÿchen could be translated as “strikes”, but in this context are specifically those striking actions from below, sweeping up with the short edge, perhaps “streaking” up from the ground to the opponent or to his sword.
  17. The same idea of separating your sword and buckler while still pushing both, keeping the hands more or less in front of the shoulders (as if sitting behind a steering wheel in a car with the hands at the “ten to two” position).
  18. Probably with a thrust, but potentially with any other pushing technique.
  19. Mittelhaw could be translated as “middle cut”, going across from one side to the other.
  20. Zwerch could be translated as “across”, in the sense of slanting across from one side to another or slanting across from one height to another, or going diagonally across from one place to another. It also has the sense perhaps of going across something, perhaps slanting across or athwart a boat, or going across your opponent’s blade or leg as opposed to simply coming onto it in whatever fashion. The Zwer is an example of a Mittelhaw, but it is important to note that the thumb is beneath the blade and the cut is performed with hand high.
  21. Schaittler could be translated as “parter”, in the sense of being something which parts another thing in two, or dividing something in two.
  22. Sturtzhaw could be translated as “dropping cut”, in the sense of a ball dropping back to earth when it has been thrown upward.
  23. The treatise says schilts, plural, meaning that you thrust inside both sword and shield.
  24. Dresden version specifies to the body, missing from Rome version.
  25. If this gloss follows the Liechtenauer method of understanding the five words Vor, Nach, Schwöch, Störck, Indes and their relationship to each other, then we should look to the Blossfechten gloss for the meaning of Indes. However, there is no guarantee that this means exactly the same thing, so the word Indes could just mean “immediately” when removed from its technical context. There does not seem to be as much Winden involved with this sword and buckler treatise as there is in the Blossfechten gloss, although it is still quite possible to perform Winden with shorter blades (look at Leckuchner’s messerfechten, for example), and Lignitzer was a member of the Gessellschaft Lichtenawers and so was probably quite well aware of Liechtenauer’s understanding of the five words and how they relate to fighting.
  26. Although both the Dresden and Rome versions say bind, what they probably mean is the fastening of the hand, or the grip upon the sword.
  27. The instruction to Versetz could mean “to obstruct”.
  28. More correctly, both the Dresden and Rome versions say: “Thus, you have taken the shield from him.” However, the sudden change of tense seems a little abrupt and awkward, so I prefer to maintain the same tense as the rest of the instruction, for stylistic reasons.
  29. There is a further piece of instruction in Goliath: “Pull your left leg far back”.
  30. The instructions in Goliath are more precise: “Go through to your left side under his left armpit while holding his left arm”.
  31. “his” (in Goliath)
  32. “his” (in Goliath).
  33. “his” (in the Glasgow Fechtbuch).
  34. Goliath’s description is a bit different: “Strike out with your right hand and grab his right butt cheek”.
  35. The Glasgow Fechtbuch has another suggestion: “…or into his eyes”.
  36. “over” (in the Glasgow Fechtbuch).
  37. The instructions in Goliath are clearer: “Step with your right leg outside behind his right leg…”.
  38. Goliath goes in more detail here: “…turn to your left side and throw him over your right hip”.
  39. Goliath has a further suggestion: “You can also step with your right thigh to his left thigh during the turn and throw him”.
  40. “his” (in Glasgow Fechtbuch).
  41. Korrgiert aus »rechten«.
  42. This play is listed twice.