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Difference between revisions of "Angelo Viggiani dal Montone"

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| <p>CON: Yes, now I recall all the names; I knew that thereby I would do them well, as I intend for them. Which of these guards is the most perfect? Which is the most excellent? </p>
 
| <p>CON: Yes, now I recall all the names; I knew that thereby I would do them well, as I intend for them. Which of these guards is the most perfect? Which is the most excellent? </p>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10723 109r.jpg|8|lbl=109r.8}}
 
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| <p>ROD: Which do you think to be of greater valor, the offensive, or the defensive? </p>
 
| <p>ROD: Which do you think to be of greater valor, the offensive, or the defensive? </p>
| {{section|Page:Cod.10723 109r.jpg|9|lbl=109r.9}}
 
 
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<p>CON: I would believe it to be the offensive. </p>
 
<p>CON: I would believe it to be the offensive. </p>
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| <p>ROD: Among the offensive isn’t the perfect more excellent than the imperfect? </p>
 
| <p>ROD: Among the offensive isn’t the perfect more excellent than the imperfect? </p>
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| <p>CON: The name says it. </p>
 
| <p>CON: The name says it. </p>
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| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/180|5|lbl=78r.5}}
  
 
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| <p>ROD: Among the ''offensiva perfetta'', the high or the low? </p>
 
| <p>ROD: Among the ''offensiva perfetta'', the high or the low? </p>
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| {{section|Page:Cod.10723 110r.jpg|5|lbl=110r.5}}
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| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/180|6|lbl=78r.6}}
  
 
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| <p>CON: It seems the high, which uncovers more of the enemy’s body, and can offend it more with all of one’s strength united, with all of the body, with all the muscles, and that can offend it in the more vital and nobler parts. </p>
 
| <p>CON: It seems the high, which uncovers more of the enemy’s body, and can offend it more with all of one’s strength united, with all of the body, with all the muscles, and that can offend it in the more vital and nobler parts. </p>
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<p>ROD: You have spoken excellently. You see therefore that the ''guardia alta, offensiva, perfetta'' is of greater perfection, and more valorous. This is the most apt guard with which to offend the enemy with grave harm, and to defend oneself marvelously at the same time. </p>
 
<p>ROD: You have spoken excellently. You see therefore that the ''guardia alta, offensiva, perfetta'' is of greater perfection, and more valorous. This is the most apt guard with which to offend the enemy with grave harm, and to defend oneself marvelously at the same time. </p>
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{{section|Page:Cod.10723 110r.jpg|7|lbl=110r.7}}
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<p><small>''Requirement that a knight consider well the equality or inequality of his adversary.''</small></p>
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| <p><small>''Requirement that a knight consider well the equality or inequality of his adversary.''</small></p>
  
 
<p>If it happens then that the enemy should be smaller than you, and you place yourself in this guard, he will never put himself at risk by coming against your directed 99 point; and if he is clever, he will remain well distant, because this is a necessary condition of a good knight, to consider well the equality, or the inequality of his adversary. </p>
 
<p>If it happens then that the enemy should be smaller than you, and you place yourself in this guard, he will never put himself at risk by coming against your directed 99 point; and if he is clever, he will remain well distant, because this is a necessary condition of a good knight, to consider well the equality, or the inequality of his adversary. </p>
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<p>CON: If the Illustrious ''Signor conte'' Ugo, house holder, man of such valor, art, and knowledge that he is the chief Italian close to His Most Christian Majesty, has this guard for his favorite, and is well practiced in it, being large of frame, and well proportioned, he has good reason; because he has thereby among other knights (allow me to say) the greatest advantage. </p>
 
<p>CON: If the Illustrious ''Signor conte'' Ugo, house holder, man of such valor, art, and knowledge that he is the chief Italian close to His Most Christian Majesty, has this guard for his favorite, and is well practiced in it, being large of frame, and well proportioned, he has good reason; because he has thereby among other knights (allow me to say) the greatest advantage. </p>
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{{section|Page:Cod.10723 110r.jpg|9|lbl=110r.9|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.10723 110v.jpg|1|lbl=110v.1|p=1}}
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{{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/180|10|lbl=78r.10}}
  
 
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| <p>ROD: You are correct, ''conte''; it is of great consequence to be of large stature, and have good proportion of limbs, and then to have cunning and great learning, as has ''conte'' Ugo. </p>
 
| <p>ROD: You are correct, ''conte''; it is of great consequence to be of large stature, and have good proportion of limbs, and then to have cunning and great learning, as has ''conte'' Ugo. </p>
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| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/180|11|lbl=78r.11}}
  
 
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| <p>BOC: Our ''conte'' Ugo in truth has done a thousand beautiful enterprises, and has brought excellent fame to his country in distant lands. He is certainly a man with a great heart, and of perfect judgment. </p>
 
| <p>BOC: Our ''conte'' Ugo in truth has done a thousand beautiful enterprises, and has brought excellent fame to his country in distant lands. He is certainly a man with a great heart, and of perfect judgment. </p>
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| {{section|Page:Cod.10723 110v.jpg|3|lbl=110v.3}}
 
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{{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/180|12|lbl=78r.12|p=1}} {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/181|1|lbl=78v.1|p=1}}
  
 
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| <p>CON: This guard is marvelously even more pleasing to the Most Serene ''S. Duca'' Alberto di Baviera, than whom it is not possible to find another more judicious, and more supportive of all the ''belles artes'' and the noble disciplines. </p>
 
| <p>CON: This guard is marvelously even more pleasing to the Most Serene ''S. Duca'' Alberto di Baviera, than whom it is not possible to find another more judicious, and more supportive of all the ''belles artes'' and the noble disciplines. </p>
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| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/181|2|lbl=78v.2}}
  
 
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| <p>ROD: If for no other attribute and virtue were this Serene Prince to deserve to be praised and exalted, he would merit it for his constant and steadfast firmness in defending the Holy Catholic Religion in the midst of so many others who contradict, and do not wish to accept it. And to me it seems that this praise exceeds every greatness, and every glory, which has come to his house from so many Emperors, that he has had. </p>
 
| <p>ROD: If for no other attribute and virtue were this Serene Prince to deserve to be praised and exalted, he would merit it for his constant and steadfast firmness in defending the Holy Catholic Religion in the midst of so many others who contradict, and do not wish to accept it. And to me it seems that this praise exceeds every greatness, and every glory, which has come to his house from so many Emperors, that he has had. </p>
 
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| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/181|3|lbl=78v.3}}
  
 
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| <p>BOC: After this you must put in second place the favor that he has done to letters, and to the lettered; which I understand, being among the favored, and highly awarded. </p>
 
| <p>BOC: After this you must put in second place the favor that he has done to letters, and to the lettered; which I understand, being among the favored, and highly awarded. </p>
 
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| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/181|4|lbl=78v.4}}
  
 
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| <p>CON: Not only the lettered, but all the nobly learned have refuge and entertainment under this high and generous Prince. And I would like, ''Signor'' ''Dottore'', for you to see his library, and then you would genuflect, for he has stocked it in every way at incredible expense, and I say as much, that here is my final opinion, that he has assembled books in every faculty for more than twelve thousand scudi. </p>
 
| <p>CON: Not only the lettered, but all the nobly learned have refuge and entertainment under this high and generous Prince. And I would like, ''Signor'' ''Dottore'', for you to see his library, and then you would genuflect, for he has stocked it in every way at incredible expense, and I say as much, that here is my final opinion, that he has assembled books in every faculty for more than twelve thousand scudi. </p>
 
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| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/181|5|lbl=78v.5}}
  
 
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| <p>ROD: I understand that he has apparently innumerable abundances of jewels of inestimable worth. </p>
 
| <p>ROD: I understand that he has apparently innumerable abundances of jewels of inestimable worth. </p>
 
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| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/181|6|lbl=78v.6}}
  
 
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| <p>CON: If I said to you that I had seen about him cases full, you would think me lying; and only of a knight could you believe what I have seen. But you know that all the greatness of this great prince is achieved by another, not one point less. </p>
 
| <p>CON: If I said to you that I had seen about him cases full, you would think me lying; and only of a knight could you believe what I have seen. But you know that all the greatness of this great prince is achieved by another, not one point less. </p>
 
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| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/181|7|lbl=78v.7}}
  
 
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| <p>BOC: And which is this? </p>
 
| <p>BOC: And which is this? </p>
 
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{{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/181|9|lbl=78v.9|p=1}} {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/182|1|lbl=79r.1|p=1}}
  
 
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| <p>ROD: As you like. </p>
 
| <p>ROD: As you like. </p>
 
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| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/182|2|lbl=79r.2}}
  
 
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| <p>CON: It would delight me greatly to know it, if it did not trouble you to show me. </p>
 
| <p>CON: It would delight me greatly to know it, if it did not trouble you to show me. </p>
 
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| <p>ROD: And I take the greatest delight in showing you. </p>
 
| <p>ROD: And I take the greatest delight in showing you. </p>
 
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| <p>BOC: The sign of the wise man is the ability to teach others, as does Rodomonte today; he both can, and wants to teach you. </p>
 
| <p>BOC: The sign of the wise man is the ability to teach others, as does Rodomonte today; he both can, and wants to teach you. </p>
 
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| <p><small>''Who knows how to do the ''punta sopramano'' well, knows that which matters more in employing one’s hands, either suddenly or thoughtfully.''</small></p>
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| class="noline" | <p><small>''Who knows how to do the ''punta sopramano'' well, knows that which matters more in employing one’s hands, either suddenly or thoughtfully.''</small></p>
  
 
<p>ROD: I tell you, ''conte'', that whoever will want to know well how to use the ''schermo'' to offend, and defend himself, will need to know how to do that ''punta sopramano'' well, with all those turns of the body, and of the hands, and of the feet, as I have shown you, and with all those gestures, and with that refined bodily grace, to such extent that he does it with great facility. And if he does this, he can indeed claim to have that understanding, which is of greater need in employing one’s hands, either suddenly, or thoughtfully. </p>
 
<p>ROD: I tell you, ''conte'', that whoever will want to know well how to use the ''schermo'' to offend, and defend himself, will need to know how to do that ''punta sopramano'' well, with all those turns of the body, and of the hands, and of the feet, as I have shown you, and with all those gestures, and with that refined bodily grace, to such extent that he does it with great facility. And if he does this, he can indeed claim to have that understanding, which is of greater need in employing one’s hands, either suddenly, or thoughtfully. </p>
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| class="noline" | {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/182|f1|lbl=-}}
  
<p><small>''Way of doing the proposed ''schermo.</small></p>
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| class="noline" | <p><small>''Way of doing the proposed ''schermo.</small></p>
  
 
<p>And so that you can understand this safe ''schermo'' of ours well, behold, I repeat, and say,</p>
 
<p>And so that you can understand this safe ''schermo'' of ours well, behold, I repeat, and say,</p>
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| class="noline" | {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/182|f2|lbl=-}}
  
<p><small>''How from ''guardia alta, offensiva, perfetta'' one must execute the ''punta sopramano.</small></p>
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| class="noline" | <p><small>''How from ''guardia alta, offensiva, perfetta'' one must execute the ''punta sopramano.</small></p>
  
 
<p>that finding yourself with your right foot forward in ''guardia alta, offensiva, perfetta'', and with your weight on your left side, </p>
 
<p>that finding yourself with your right foot forward in ''guardia alta, offensiva, perfetta'', and with your weight on your left side, </p>
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| class="noline" | {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/182|f3|lbl=-}}
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{{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/182|8|lbl=79r.8}}
  
<p><small>''How one can do the ''punta sopramano'' perfectly.''</small></p>
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| <p><small>''How one can do the ''punta sopramano'' perfectly.''</small></p>
  
 
<p>and wanting to execute the ''punta sopramano'', and do it perfectly, you must always accompany the sword hand with the right foot together with the entire body, as much with the upper parts as with the lower, and not allow the lower right parts to go forward without the company of the upper right parts. </p>
 
<p>and wanting to execute the ''punta sopramano'', and do it perfectly, you must always accompany the sword hand with the right foot together with the entire body, as much with the upper parts as with the lower, and not allow the lower right parts to go forward without the company of the upper right parts. </p>
 
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Revision as of 22:00, 28 November 2023

Angelo Viggiani dal Montone
Died 1552
Bologna (?)
Relative(s) Battista Viggiani (brother)
Occupation Fencing master
Genres Fencing manual
Language Italian
Notable work(s) Lo Schermo (1575)
Manuscript(s) Cod. 10723 (1567)
Translations Traduction française

Angelo Viggiani dal Montone (Viziani, Angelus Viggianus; d. 1552) was a 16th century Italian fencing master. Little is known about this master's life, but he was Bolognese by birth and might also have been connected to the court of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor.[1]

In 1551, Viggiani completed a treatise on warfare, including fencing with the side sword, but died shortly thereafter. His brother Battista preserved the treatise and recorded in his introduction that Viggiani had asked him not to release it for at least fifteen years.[1] Accordingly, a presentation manuscript of the treatise was completed in 1567 as a gift for Maximilian II (1527-1576), Holy Roman Emperor. It was ultimately published in 1575 under the title Lo Schermo d'Angelo Viggiani.

Treatise

Note: This article includes a very early (2002) draft of Jherek Swanger's translation. An extensively-revised version of the translation was released in print in 2017 as The Fencing Method of Angelo Viggiani: Lo Schermo, Part III. It can be purchased at the following link in softcover.

Additional Resources

The following is a list of publications containing scans, transcriptions, and translations relevant to this article, as well as published peer-reviewed research.

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Unspecified service to Charles is mentioned in his brother's dedication on page 3.
  2. Literally, “Braggart”.
  3. Literally, “Iron Mouth”.
  4. It is conspicuous that in every other instance in the present text, (at least, in the sections translated here) Viggiani uses the term “da giuoco” (of play/practice) to refer to practice arms. Sydney Anglo (The Martial Arts of Renaissance Europe p.324, footnote 102) refers to evidence showing that in late 16th century Spain the spada da marra was considered to be an Italian equivalent of the spada negra, a blunted weapon with a button, and discusses the significance of the different terms. “Marra” in modern Italian is “hoe, fluke of an anchor”, and is given by Florio (A Worlde of Wordes, 1598) to mean “a mattock, a spade, a shovell, a rake to mingle sand and lome together, a pickaxe, or such rusticke instrument.” Thus “spade da marra” may simply mean “swords of blunt metal”, and represent a standard type of practice weapon. Of possible relevance, “smarra” is used to refer to the practice rapier by Marcelli (Regole della scherma, 1686) and others, presumably as a linguistic descendent of “spade da marra” (Gaugler, The History of Fencing, 1998, p. 92); turning again to Florio, “smarrare” is given as “to pare or shave down” and so “smarra” may simply derive from the meaning of “a sword whose point has been pared down”, rather than a contraction of “spada da marra”. It is intriguing to speculate that the term was originally pejorative, suggesting something akin to “swords like shovels”.
  5. Psalm 45:3.
  6. The word for which I substitute the phrase “dull edge” is, in the original, “costa”; the relevant meaning given in Florio is “the back of a knife”. Viggiani uses it to refer, first, to a dull false edge (as in a backsword); and second, to a dull portion of either the false, or, more likely, both edges (as an extended ricasso). I am unaware of a discrete word in English that could stand in adequate stead.
  7. Psalm 149:6-7.
  8. This is almost certainly an error in the original. The text reads “se nascerà la punta dalle parti dritte, chiamerassi punta rovescia”. This is, of course, the complete opposite of what is meant by “punta rovescia”, and Viggiani immediately contradicts this statement on pg. 56V, endnote immediately following.
  9. Here the correct definition (contrary to the preceding endnote) is given: “Se si ferirà con la punta, o nascerà dalle parti diritte, & chiamerassi punta diritta, o dalle parti stanche, & chiamerassi punta rovescia…
  10. "C" is upside down.
  11. Interpreting this maneuver is problematic. It may refer to the practice of arresting a fendente by meeting it at the agent’s hand, hilt, or at worst, forte; yet no mention is made of the patient closing distance to do so, creating the impression of simply putting a hand or forearm in harm’s way rather than take the blow in the head. The relevant passage in the original is “…il suo braccio stanco tien cura, & custodia della testa in pigliare il colpo con la mano, o in ritener co’l braccio la forza sua…
  12. A braccio is a unit of length of approximately 60 centimeters. The specified distance is therefore about 30 cm, or one foot.
  13. This is, of course, in full, “guardia larga, offensiva, imperfetta”.