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Difference between revisions of "Angelo Viggiani dal Montone"

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<p>ROD: I tell you, ''conte'', that whoever will want to know well how to use the ''schermo'' to offend, and defend himself, will need to know how to do that ''punta sopramano'' well, with all those turns of the body, and of the hands, and of the feet, as I have shown you, and with all those gestures, and with that refined bodily grace, to such extent that he does it with great facility. And if he does this, he can indeed claim to have that understanding, which is of greater need in employing one’s hands, either suddenly, or thoughtfully. </p>
 
<p>ROD: I tell you, ''conte'', that whoever will want to know well how to use the ''schermo'' to offend, and defend himself, will need to know how to do that ''punta sopramano'' well, with all those turns of the body, and of the hands, and of the feet, as I have shown you, and with all those gestures, and with that refined bodily grace, to such extent that he does it with great facility. And if he does this, he can indeed claim to have that understanding, which is of greater need in employing one’s hands, either suddenly, or thoughtfully. </p>
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<p>And so that you can understand this safe ''schermo'' of ours well, behold, I repeat, and say,</p>
 
<p>And so that you can understand this safe ''schermo'' of ours well, behold, I repeat, and say,</p>
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<p>that finding yourself with your right foot forward in ''guardia alta, offensiva, perfetta'', and with your weight on your left side, </p>
 
<p>that finding yourself with your right foot forward in ''guardia alta, offensiva, perfetta'', and with your weight on your left side, </p>
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| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/182|f4|lbl=-}}
 
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| <p>CON: Why? </p>
 
| <p>CON: Why? </p>
 
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| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/183|2|lbl=79v.2}}
  
 
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| <p>ROD: In order that you be able to put all the strength of your body to your service; but when you have in mind to do the ''punta sopramano'', make the right foot move itself, and go forward a big step, and immediately make the left arm begin to descend, and the right shoulder to propel the arm forward, dropping with the point from high to low, taking aim at my chest, without making any turn of your hand, pushing it so far forward and so long as you are able.</p>
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| class="noline" | <p>ROD: In order that you be able to put all the strength of your body to your service; but when you have in mind to do the ''punta sopramano'', make the right foot move itself, and go forward a big step, and immediately make the left arm begin to descend, and the right shoulder to propel the arm forward, dropping with the point from high to low, taking aim at my chest, without making any turn of your hand, pushing it so far forward and so long as you are able.</p>
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| class="noline" | {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/183|3|lbl=79v.3}}
  
<p><small>''How from the punta sopramano one must go into guardia difensiva, larga, imperfetta.''</small></p>
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| class="noline" | <p><small>''How from the punta sopramano one must go into guardia difensiva, larga, imperfetta.''</small></p>
  
 
<p>In this ''tempo'' the heel of the left foot will follow the right, not moving, however, the point of the left foot from its place, then turning the wrist of the sword hand together with the true edge toward the left side, and immediately descending down to the ground, withdrawing the right foot somewhat back, and making the point of your sword draw a line on the ground and travel behind you on the left side, and after the right foot finally is a span from the left foot, the right shoulder then will find itself very low, and the left arm will be behind, and high, and extended forth toward the left side; the feet remain even, but the point of the right foot will point out toward the right side, and the point of the left foot out toward the left side, your shoulders will be looking at the enemy more than your forward side, and your weight will be placed on your left side; thereby you will find yourself in this ''guardia difensiva, larga, imperfetta''. </p>
 
<p>In this ''tempo'' the heel of the left foot will follow the right, not moving, however, the point of the left foot from its place, then turning the wrist of the sword hand together with the true edge toward the left side, and immediately descending down to the ground, withdrawing the right foot somewhat back, and making the point of your sword draw a line on the ground and travel behind you on the left side, and after the right foot finally is a span from the left foot, the right shoulder then will find itself very low, and the left arm will be behind, and high, and extended forth toward the left side; the feet remain even, but the point of the right foot will point out toward the right side, and the point of the left foot out toward the left side, your shoulders will be looking at the enemy more than your forward side, and your weight will be placed on your left side; thereby you will find yourself in this ''guardia difensiva, larga, imperfetta''. </p>
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| class="noline" | {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/183|f1|lbl=-}}
  
<p><small>''Advisement that one not rest much in some defensive guard in this ''schermo.</small></p>
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{{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/183|4|lbl=79v.4}}
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| class="noline" | <p><small>''Advisement that one not rest much in some defensive guard in this ''schermo.</small></p>
  
 
<p>But I advise you well, ''conte'', that you not make a long stay in one of the defensive guards, low, or wide, or narrow that it may be; but make your right hand turn the point of the sword somewhat to the rear by the outside on your left. </p>
 
<p>But I advise you well, ''conte'', that you not make a long stay in one of the defensive guards, low, or wide, or narrow that it may be; but make your right hand turn the point of the sword somewhat to the rear by the outside on your left. </p>
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| class="noline" | {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/183|f2|lbl=-}}
  
<p><small>''How one must do the ''rovescio tondo'' from the ''guardia difensiva, larga, imperfetta.</small></p>
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| class="noline" | <p><small>''How one must do the ''rovescio tondo'' from the ''guardia difensiva, larga, imperfetta.</small></p>
  
 
<p>And traveling from low to high as far as your left shoulder, the true edge will turn toward me, and the false edge will face your left shoulder; and here you must unite all the strength of your body together with both arms somewhat bent and pulled in, from which you can immediately deliver a ''rovescio'', almost ''tondo''; but do not uncouple the right arm from the strength of the body, and make the ''rovescio'' go no higher than your shoulders, the point not be higher than the pommel, nor the true edge higher than the false, but the flat of the sword to face toward the sky; the right leg along with the foot does not move, but the left turns somewhat on the point of the foot with the heel lifted up a bit from the ground; </p>
 
<p>And traveling from low to high as far as your left shoulder, the true edge will turn toward me, and the false edge will face your left shoulder; and here you must unite all the strength of your body together with both arms somewhat bent and pulled in, from which you can immediately deliver a ''rovescio'', almost ''tondo''; but do not uncouple the right arm from the strength of the body, and make the ''rovescio'' go no higher than your shoulders, the point not be higher than the pommel, nor the true edge higher than the false, but the flat of the sword to face toward the sky; the right leg along with the foot does not move, but the left turns somewhat on the point of the foot with the heel lifted up a bit from the ground; </p>
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<p><small>''How from the ''rovescio tondo'' one turns into ''guardia alta, offensiva, perfetta.</small></p>
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| class="noline" | <p><small>''How from the ''rovescio tondo'' one turns into ''guardia alta, offensiva, perfetta.</small></p>
  
 
<p>the ''rovescio'' does not have to pass through the ''guardia alta, offensiva, perfetta'', rather, stop in the said guard, and the right arm must be bent, going with the elbow back as far as you can to the outside on the right side, and the right hand is not higher than the right shoulder, and the point of the sword aims at my face, the left shoulder remains somewhat ahead of the right, and the left arm will be in front of your chest with your hand toward your right side. And place your weight on your left side, in order to have your right leg free and agile. </p>
 
<p>the ''rovescio'' does not have to pass through the ''guardia alta, offensiva, perfetta'', rather, stop in the said guard, and the right arm must be bent, going with the elbow back as far as you can to the outside on the right side, and the right hand is not higher than the right shoulder, and the point of the sword aims at my face, the left shoulder remains somewhat ahead of the right, and the left arm will be in front of your chest with your hand toward your right side. And place your weight on your left side, in order to have your right leg free and agile. </p>
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<p><small>''How, having done the ''schermo'' once in order to address the enemy, one must then repeat it in order to strike.''</small></p>
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| <p><small>''How, having done the ''schermo'' once in order to address the enemy, one must then repeat it in order to strike.''</small></p>
  
 
<p>And wanting from the said ''guardia alta, offensiva, perfetta'', to do again the above said thrust, you must lift your sword hand up somewhat high, and turn the true edge toward the sky, and the point will then be lower than your hand; and immediately, with your right foot forward, take a big step toward me, and in the same ''tempo'', drop that point from high to low toward my chest. And in the lowering of the sword toward your left side, you must not let it stop long in some low defensive guard, but make it travel from low to high toward your left shoulder, making immediately the ''rovescio tondo'', which terminates in the ''guardia alta, offensiva, perfetta''; but make the flat, or plane, of the sword be face up, and not the true edge, not forgetting to do all those turns of the body, of the hand, and of the feet mentioned above. And thus doing these many turns you will very well comprise the ''punta sopramano, offensiva, perfetta'', together with the ''rovescio tondo'' with all those gestures and turns of the body. But take heed, that if you were smaller than your enemy, you would have a great disadvantage settling yourself in this manner. Do you see how I do this whole ''schermo'' entirely with ease? </p>
 
<p>And wanting from the said ''guardia alta, offensiva, perfetta'', to do again the above said thrust, you must lift your sword hand up somewhat high, and turn the true edge toward the sky, and the point will then be lower than your hand; and immediately, with your right foot forward, take a big step toward me, and in the same ''tempo'', drop that point from high to low toward my chest. And in the lowering of the sword toward your left side, you must not let it stop long in some low defensive guard, but make it travel from low to high toward your left shoulder, making immediately the ''rovescio tondo'', which terminates in the ''guardia alta, offensiva, perfetta''; but make the flat, or plane, of the sword be face up, and not the true edge, not forgetting to do all those turns of the body, of the hand, and of the feet mentioned above. And thus doing these many turns you will very well comprise the ''punta sopramano, offensiva, perfetta'', together with the ''rovescio tondo'' with all those gestures and turns of the body. But take heed, that if you were smaller than your enemy, you would have a great disadvantage settling yourself in this manner. Do you see how I do this whole ''schermo'' entirely with ease? </p>

Revision as of 02:07, 29 November 2023

Angelo Viggiani dal Montone
Died 1552
Bologna (?)
Relative(s) Battista Viggiani (brother)
Occupation Fencing master
Genres Fencing manual
Language Italian
Notable work(s) Lo Schermo (1575)
Manuscript(s) Cod. 10723 (1567)
Translations Traduction française

Angelo Viggiani dal Montone (Viziani, Angelus Viggianus; d. 1552) was a 16th century Italian fencing master. Little is known about this master's life, but he was Bolognese by birth and might also have been connected to the court of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor.[1]

In 1551, Viggiani completed a treatise on warfare, including fencing with the side sword, but died shortly thereafter. His brother Battista preserved the treatise and recorded in his introduction that Viggiani had asked him not to release it for at least fifteen years.[1] Accordingly, a presentation manuscript of the treatise was completed in 1567 as a gift for Maximilian II (1527-1576), Holy Roman Emperor. It was ultimately published in 1575 under the title Lo Schermo d'Angelo Viggiani.

Treatise

Note: This article includes a very early (2002) draft of Jherek Swanger's translation. An extensively-revised version of the translation was released in print in 2017 as The Fencing Method of Angelo Viggiani: Lo Schermo, Part III. It can be purchased at the following link in softcover.

Additional Resources

The following is a list of publications containing scans, transcriptions, and translations relevant to this article, as well as published peer-reviewed research.

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Unspecified service to Charles is mentioned in his brother's dedication on page 3.
  2. Literally, “Braggart”.
  3. Literally, “Iron Mouth”.
  4. It is conspicuous that in every other instance in the present text, (at least, in the sections translated here) Viggiani uses the term “da giuoco” (of play/practice) to refer to practice arms. Sydney Anglo (The Martial Arts of Renaissance Europe p.324, footnote 102) refers to evidence showing that in late 16th century Spain the spada da marra was considered to be an Italian equivalent of the spada negra, a blunted weapon with a button, and discusses the significance of the different terms. “Marra” in modern Italian is “hoe, fluke of an anchor”, and is given by Florio (A Worlde of Wordes, 1598) to mean “a mattock, a spade, a shovell, a rake to mingle sand and lome together, a pickaxe, or such rusticke instrument.” Thus “spade da marra” may simply mean “swords of blunt metal”, and represent a standard type of practice weapon. Of possible relevance, “smarra” is used to refer to the practice rapier by Marcelli (Regole della scherma, 1686) and others, presumably as a linguistic descendent of “spade da marra” (Gaugler, The History of Fencing, 1998, p. 92); turning again to Florio, “smarrare” is given as “to pare or shave down” and so “smarra” may simply derive from the meaning of “a sword whose point has been pared down”, rather than a contraction of “spada da marra”. It is intriguing to speculate that the term was originally pejorative, suggesting something akin to “swords like shovels”.
  5. Psalm 45:3.
  6. The word for which I substitute the phrase “dull edge” is, in the original, “costa”; the relevant meaning given in Florio is “the back of a knife”. Viggiani uses it to refer, first, to a dull false edge (as in a backsword); and second, to a dull portion of either the false, or, more likely, both edges (as an extended ricasso). I am unaware of a discrete word in English that could stand in adequate stead.
  7. Psalm 149:6-7.
  8. This is almost certainly an error in the original. The text reads “se nascerà la punta dalle parti dritte, chiamerassi punta rovescia”. This is, of course, the complete opposite of what is meant by “punta rovescia”, and Viggiani immediately contradicts this statement on pg. 56V, endnote immediately following.
  9. Here the correct definition (contrary to the preceding endnote) is given: “Se si ferirà con la punta, o nascerà dalle parti diritte, & chiamerassi punta diritta, o dalle parti stanche, & chiamerassi punta rovescia…
  10. "C" is upside down.
  11. Interpreting this maneuver is problematic. It may refer to the practice of arresting a fendente by meeting it at the agent’s hand, hilt, or at worst, forte; yet no mention is made of the patient closing distance to do so, creating the impression of simply putting a hand or forearm in harm’s way rather than take the blow in the head. The relevant passage in the original is “…il suo braccio stanco tien cura, & custodia della testa in pigliare il colpo con la mano, o in ritener co’l braccio la forza sua…
  12. A braccio is a unit of length of approximately 60 centimeters. The specified distance is therefore about 30 cm, or one foot.
  13. This is, of course, in full, “guardia larga, offensiva, imperfetta”.