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Difference between revisions of "Angelo Viggiani dal Montone"

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| deathdate            = 1552
 
| deathdate            = 1552
 
| deathplace          = Bologna (?)
 
| deathplace          = Bologna (?)
| occupation          = [[Fencing master]]{{#set: occupation=fencing master }}
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| occupation          = [[occupation::Fencing master]]
 
| nationality          =  
 
| nationality          =  
 
| ethnicity            =  
 
| ethnicity            =  
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{{TOC limit|3}}
 
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== Treatise ==
 
== Treatise ==
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As the older text, the 1567 presentation manuscript is used to structure the treatise on this page. Viggiani's printed book includes side notes that indicate the topic discussed in a particular region of each page; because we can't display them that way on this site, they're added into the text at the beginning of the paragraph they describe.
  
 
''Note: This article includes a very early (2002) draft of Jherek Swanger's translation. An extensively-revised version of the translation was released in print in 2017 as ''The Fencing Method of Angelo Viggiani: Lo Schermo, Part III''. It can be purchased at the following link in [http://www.lulu.com/shop/angelo-viggiani-and-w-jherek-swanger/the-fencing-method-of-angelo-viggiani-lo-schermo-part-iii/paperback/product-1e57wjk6.html softcover].  
 
''Note: This article includes a very early (2002) draft of Jherek Swanger's translation. An extensively-revised version of the translation was released in print in 2017 as ''The Fencing Method of Angelo Viggiani: Lo Schermo, Part III''. It can be purchased at the following link in [http://www.lulu.com/shop/angelo-viggiani-and-w-jherek-swanger/the-fencing-method-of-angelo-viggiani-lo-schermo-part-iii/paperback/product-1e57wjk6.html softcover].  
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<p>ROD: I would like you to step, vaulting at him diagonally, and wearying him continuously, now with a ''mezo mandritto'', and now with a ''mezo rovescio'', and often with a variety of feints, taking heed nonetheless always to keep your body away from the point of his sword, because he could easily give you the time and the occasion to seize the advantage of placing yourself in guard. </p>
 
<p>ROD: I would like you to step, vaulting at him diagonally, and wearying him continuously, now with a ''mezo mandritto'', and now with a ''mezo rovescio'', and often with a variety of feints, taking heed nonetheless always to keep your body away from the point of his sword, because he could easily give you the time and the occasion to seize the advantage of placing yourself in guard. </p>
 
|  
 
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| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/146|f1|lbl=-|p=1}}<br/><br/>
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{{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/146|f1|lbl=-|p=1}}<br/><br/>
  
 
{{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/146|3|lbl=61r.3}}
 
{{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/146|3|lbl=61r.3}}
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<p>ROD: You would have to retire backwards one or two steps; as a result, he would not be able to strike you, being thus unable to reach you, and you would have to step so that the mind of the adversary would be baited by the proposition that he might accomplish the striking of you, and the way that it were determined; because at all times the variation of your body with the stepping also causes a change in the thought and the plan. But always remain attentive in the stepping to seize the opportunity to place yourself in guard with the advantage of the sword. </p>
 
<p>ROD: You would have to retire backwards one or two steps; as a result, he would not be able to strike you, being thus unable to reach you, and you would have to step so that the mind of the adversary would be baited by the proposition that he might accomplish the striking of you, and the way that it were determined; because at all times the variation of your body with the stepping also causes a change in the thought and the plan. But always remain attentive in the stepping to seize the opportunity to place yourself in guard with the advantage of the sword. </p>
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/146|f2|lbl=-|p=1}}<br/><br/>
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{{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/146|f2|lbl=-|p=1}}<br/><br/>
  
 
{{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/146|5|lbl=61r.5}}
 
{{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/146|5|lbl=61r.5}}
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<p>CON: Tell me, Rodomonte, give me advice, how should I go when I want to close the distance with my enemy; which is the greater advantage: to go to encounter him, or to wait for him? </p>
 
<p>CON: Tell me, Rodomonte, give me advice, how should I go when I want to close the distance with my enemy; which is the greater advantage: to go to encounter him, or to wait for him? </p>
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/148|f3|lbl=-}}
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{{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/148|f3|lbl=-|p=1}}<br/><br/>
  
 
{{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/148|4|lbl=62r.4}}
 
{{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/148|4|lbl=62r.4}}
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<p>CON: If this is true, speaking of going to encounter the enemy, what then do you say of striking? Is it better to wait for the enemy to strike, or for him to be the first to throw a blow? </p>
 
<p>CON: If this is true, speaking of going to encounter the enemy, what then do you say of striking? Is it better to wait for the enemy to strike, or for him to be the first to throw a blow? </p>
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/149|f1|lbl=-}}
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|  
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{{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/149|f1|lbl=-|p=1}}<br/><br/>
  
 
{{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/149|2|lbl=62v.2}}
 
{{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/149|2|lbl=62v.2}}
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|-  
 
|-  
|  
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| rowspan="2" |  
| <p>CON: I rest very satisfied by such as you have said to me concerning wherein may lie the advantage in placing oneself in guard while striking and stepping; now I wish to know what ''tempo'' is, and what is signified to us by saying a “''tempo''” and a “''mezo tempo''”. </p>
+
| rowspan="2" | <p>CON: I rest very satisfied by such as you have said to me concerning wherein may lie the advantage in placing oneself in guard while striking and stepping; now I wish to know what ''tempo'' is, and what is signified to us by saying a “''tempo''” and a “''mezo tempo''”. </p>
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| class="noline" |
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| class="noline" | {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/150|2|lbl=63r.2}}
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|-
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10723 91v.jpg|6|lbl=91v.6}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10723 91v.jpg|6|lbl=91v.6}}
| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/150|2|lbl=63r.2}}
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| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/150|3|lbl=63r.3}}
  
 
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| rowspan="2" class="noline" | <p>ROD: It is a great controversy among the philosophers, in viewing the nature of ''tempo'', and it is difficult to comprehend, and better to inquire about it of Bocadiferro, now that we come to it. </p>
 
| rowspan="2" class="noline" | <p>ROD: It is a great controversy among the philosophers, in viewing the nature of ''tempo'', and it is difficult to comprehend, and better to inquire about it of Bocadiferro, now that we come to it. </p>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10723 91v.jpg|7|lbl=91v.7}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10723 91v.jpg|7|lbl=91v.7}}
| class="noline" | {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/150|3|lbl=63r.3}}
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| class="noline" | {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/150|4|lbl=63r.4}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| style="border-bottom: 0px;" | {{section|Page:Cod.10723 91v.jpg|8|lbl=91v.8}}
 
| style="border-bottom: 0px;" | {{section|Page:Cod.10723 91v.jpg|8|lbl=91v.8}}
| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/150|4|lbl=63r.4}}
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| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/150|5|lbl=63r.5}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
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| <p>CON: O ''Dottore'', what do you understand about ''tempo'', and what it is? </p>
 
| <p>CON: O ''Dottore'', what do you understand about ''tempo'', and what it is? </p>
 
| style="border-top: 0px;" | {{section|Page:Cod.10723 91v.jpg|9|lbl=91v.9}}
 
| style="border-top: 0px;" | {{section|Page:Cod.10723 91v.jpg|9|lbl=91v.9}}
| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/150|5|lbl=63r.5}}
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| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/150|6|lbl=63r.6}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
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| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/150|f1|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/150|f1|lbl=-}}
  
{{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/150|6|lbl=63r.6}}
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{{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/150|7|lbl=63r.7}}
  
 
|-  
 
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|-  
 
|-  
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10723 92r.jpg|2|lbl=92r.2}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10723 92r.jpg|2|lbl=92r.2}}
| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/150|7|lbl=63r.7}}
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| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/150|8|lbl=63r.8}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
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| <p>CON: For what reason is it not recognized during sleep? </p>
 
| <p>CON: For what reason is it not recognized during sleep? </p>
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10723 92r.jpg|5|lbl=92r.5}}
 
| {{section|Page:Cod.10723 92r.jpg|5|lbl=92r.5}}
| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/150|8|lbl=63r.8}}
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| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/150|9|lbl=63r.9}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
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| class="noline" | {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/150|f2|lbl=-}}
 
| class="noline" | {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/150|f2|lbl=-}}
  
{{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/150|9|lbl=63r.9|p=1}} {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/151|1|lbl=63v.1|p=1}}
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{{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/150|10|lbl=63r.10|p=1}} {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/151|1|lbl=63v.1|p=1}}
  
 
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<p>ROD: It is a ''guardia'' through being a still placement and pose; it is called “''difensiva''” through being for defense of that side where the sword is positioned; “''imperfetta''” I call it, because lying within the scabbard it only defends, frightening the enemy; but it is an imperfect defense, as it does naught else. </p>
 
<p>ROD: It is a ''guardia'' through being a still placement and pose; it is called “''difensiva''” through being for defense of that side where the sword is positioned; “''imperfetta''” I call it, because lying within the scabbard it only defends, frightening the enemy; but it is an imperfect defense, as it does naught else. </p>
| {{section|Page:Cod.10723 94v.jpg|3|lbl=94v.3}}
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| <p><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
{{section|Page:Cod.10723 94v.jpg|3|lbl=94v.3}}
 
| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/153|f3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/153|f3|lbl=-}}
  
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<p>ROD: Yes, but you do it nonetheless, I know not why, turning your wrist as you draw it forth, which does not please me; hold your wrist in such a fashion while you draw it forth that you do not make a turning; and do it so that your hand rises high, and to the rear on your right side, so that the point of your sword is aimed at my chest, and downwards somewhat toward the ground, and stop it there, with the true edge of the sword facing the sky, and the false toward the ground, taking care in the selfsame ''tempo'' that the ''rovescio'' travels, that you make with your body a little turn in such a way that your left shoulder is found somewhat more forward than your right, and that your left arm follow the right through the forward side, so that it is found toward the right side; and make additionally a slight turn of your left leg on the point of your foot through the draw, and the heel should be somewhat lifted from the ground; and together with this make your right leg lie extended, with the body somewhat erect: you see how I do it? </p>
 
<p>ROD: Yes, but you do it nonetheless, I know not why, turning your wrist as you draw it forth, which does not please me; hold your wrist in such a fashion while you draw it forth that you do not make a turning; and do it so that your hand rises high, and to the rear on your right side, so that the point of your sword is aimed at my chest, and downwards somewhat toward the ground, and stop it there, with the true edge of the sword facing the sky, and the false toward the ground, taking care in the selfsame ''tempo'' that the ''rovescio'' travels, that you make with your body a little turn in such a way that your left shoulder is found somewhat more forward than your right, and that your left arm follow the right through the forward side, so that it is found toward the right side; and make additionally a slight turn of your left leg on the point of your foot through the draw, and the heel should be somewhat lifted from the ground; and together with this make your right leg lie extended, with the body somewhat erect: you see how I do it? </p>
| {{section|Page:Cod.10723 95r.jpg|7|lbl=95r.7}}
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| <p><br/><br/></p>
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 +
{{section|Page:Cod.10723 95r.jpg|7|lbl=95r.7}}
 
| class="noline" | {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/156|f1|lbl=-}}
 
| class="noline" | {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/156|f1|lbl=-}}
  
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|-  
 
|-  
| {{section|Page:Cod.10723 96r.jpg|5|lbl=96r.5}}
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{{section|Page:Cod.10723 96r.jpg|5|lbl=96r.5|p=1}}<ref>This is the same as the statement from Rodomonte two paragraphs down in the printed book.</ref>
 
| class="noline" |  
 
| class="noline" |  
  
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| rowspan="6" | <p>ROD: I would not know how to do it otherwise; it seems that nature forms such a figure finding yourself in that place with your right side forward, and wanting to throw that ''rovescio'' quite high, as much as can be done, without pivoting or turning the hand; but do it several times, paying attention to all the particulars of which I have told you. </p>
 
| rowspan="6" | <p>ROD: I would not know how to do it otherwise; it seems that nature forms such a figure finding yourself in that place with your right side forward, and wanting to throw that ''rovescio'' quite high, as much as can be done, without pivoting or turning the hand; but do it several times, paying attention to all the particulars of which I have told you. </p>
 
| <p><br/><br/><br/><br/></p>
 
| <p><br/><br/><br/><br/></p>
| class="noline" | {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/156|9|lbl=66r.9}}
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| class="noline" |  
 +
{{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/156|9|lbl=66r.9|p=1}}<ref>This is the same as the statement from Rodomonte two paragraphs up in the manuscript.</ref>
  
 
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| rowspan="2" |  
 
| rowspan="2" |  
 
| rowspan="2" | <p>CON: The Principe Guglielmo, his son. Now here I would like, ''Dottore'', that you fixate yourself to contemplate this noble young man, full of holy and Catholic zeal, entirely ardent of charity against poverty, wholly given over to pondering things abstract and remote from the common science of others. And without doubt you will judge that this must turn out to be a most clear example of virtue, of goodness, of generosity, and of humanity above all others. But tell me, Rodomonte, now that we have seen the seven guards, don’t you wish to teach me the ''schermo'' you proposed to me?</p>
 
| rowspan="2" | <p>CON: The Principe Guglielmo, his son. Now here I would like, ''Dottore'', that you fixate yourself to contemplate this noble young man, full of holy and Catholic zeal, entirely ardent of charity against poverty, wholly given over to pondering things abstract and remote from the common science of others. And without doubt you will judge that this must turn out to be a most clear example of virtue, of goodness, of generosity, and of humanity above all others. But tell me, Rodomonte, now that we have seen the seven guards, don’t you wish to teach me the ''schermo'' you proposed to me?</p>
|  
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| class="noline" |  
 
| class="noline" |  
 
| class="noline" |  
 
{{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/181|10|lbl=78v.10|p=1}} {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/182|1|lbl=79r.1|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/181|10|lbl=78v.10|p=1}} {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/182|1|lbl=79r.1|p=1}}
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<p>ROD: If we live, ''conte'', we will see this ''Signore'' the chief of all the knights and ''Signori'', he being blessed with valor, virtue, and knowledge.</p>
 
<p>ROD: If we live, ''conte'', we will see this ''Signore'' the chief of all the knights and ''Signori'', he being blessed with valor, virtue, and knowledge.</p>
|  
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| class="noline" |  
 
| class="noline" | {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/185|f3|lbl=-}}
 
| class="noline" | {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/185|f3|lbl=-}}
  
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{{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/192|2|lbl=84r.2}}
 
{{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/192|2|lbl=84r.2}}
 
  
 
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Revision as of 01:10, 30 November 2023

Angelo Viggiani dal Montone
Died 1552
Bologna (?)
Relative(s) Battista Viggiani (brother)
Occupation Fencing master
Genres Fencing manual
Language Italian
Notable work(s) Lo Schermo (1575)
Manuscript(s) Cod. 10723 (1567)
Translations Traduction française

Angelo Viggiani dal Montone (Viziani, Angelus Viggianus; d. 1552) was a 16th century Italian fencing master. Little is known about this master's life, but he was Bolognese by birth and might also have been connected to the court of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor.[1]

In 1551, Viggiani completed a treatise on warfare, including fencing with the side sword, but died shortly thereafter. His brother Battista preserved the treatise and recorded in his introduction that Viggiani had asked him not to release it for at least fifteen years.[1] Accordingly, a presentation manuscript of the treatise was completed in 1567 as a gift for Maximilian II (1527-1576), Holy Roman Emperor. It was ultimately published in 1575 under the title Lo Schermo d'Angelo Viggiani.

Treatise

As the older text, the 1567 presentation manuscript is used to structure the treatise on this page. Viggiani's printed book includes side notes that indicate the topic discussed in a particular region of each page; because we can't display them that way on this site, they're added into the text at the beginning of the paragraph they describe.

Note: This article includes a very early (2002) draft of Jherek Swanger's translation. An extensively-revised version of the translation was released in print in 2017 as The Fencing Method of Angelo Viggiani: Lo Schermo, Part III. It can be purchased at the following link in softcover.

Additional Resources

The following is a list of publications containing scans, transcriptions, and translations relevant to this article, as well as published peer-reviewed research.

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Unspecified service to Charles is mentioned in his brother's dedication on page 3.
  2. Literally, “Braggart”.
  3. Literally, “Iron Mouth”.
  4. It is conspicuous that in every other instance in the present text, (at least, in the sections translated here) Viggiani uses the term “da giuoco” (of play/practice) to refer to practice arms. Sydney Anglo (The Martial Arts of Renaissance Europe p.324, footnote 102) refers to evidence showing that in late 16th century Spain the spada da marra was considered to be an Italian equivalent of the spada negra, a blunted weapon with a button, and discusses the significance of the different terms. “Marra” in modern Italian is “hoe, fluke of an anchor”, and is given by Florio (A Worlde of Wordes, 1598) to mean “a mattock, a spade, a shovell, a rake to mingle sand and lome together, a pickaxe, or such rusticke instrument.” Thus “spade da marra” may simply mean “swords of blunt metal”, and represent a standard type of practice weapon. Of possible relevance, “smarra” is used to refer to the practice rapier by Marcelli (Regole della scherma, 1686) and others, presumably as a linguistic descendent of “spade da marra” (Gaugler, The History of Fencing, 1998, p. 92); turning again to Florio, “smarrare” is given as “to pare or shave down” and so “smarra” may simply derive from the meaning of “a sword whose point has been pared down”, rather than a contraction of “spada da marra”. It is intriguing to speculate that the term was originally pejorative, suggesting something akin to “swords like shovels”.
  5. Psalm 45:3.
  6. The word for which I substitute the phrase “dull edge” is, in the original, “costa”; the relevant meaning given in Florio is “the back of a knife”. Viggiani uses it to refer, first, to a dull false edge (as in a backsword); and second, to a dull portion of either the false, or, more likely, both edges (as an extended ricasso). I am unaware of a discrete word in English that could stand in adequate stead.
  7. Psalm 149:6-7.
  8. This is almost certainly an error in the original. The text reads “se nascerà la punta dalle parti dritte, chiamerassi punta rovescia”. This is, of course, the complete opposite of what is meant by “punta rovescia”, and Viggiani immediately contradicts this statement on pg. 56V, endnote immediately following.
  9. Here the correct definition (contrary to the preceding endnote) is given: “Se si ferirà con la punta, o nascerà dalle parti diritte, & chiamerassi punta diritta, o dalle parti stanche, & chiamerassi punta rovescia…
  10. "C" is upside down.
  11. This is the same as the statement from Rodomonte two paragraphs down in the printed book.
  12. This is the same as the statement from Rodomonte two paragraphs up in the manuscript.
  13. Interpreting this maneuver is problematic. It may refer to the practice of arresting a fendente by meeting it at the agent’s hand, hilt, or at worst, forte; yet no mention is made of the patient closing distance to do so, creating the impression of simply putting a hand or forearm in harm’s way rather than take the blow in the head. The relevant passage in the original is “…il suo braccio stanco tien cura, & custodia della testa in pigliare il colpo con la mano, o in ritener co’l braccio la forza sua…
  14. A braccio is a unit of length of approximately 60 centimeters. The specified distance is therefore about 30 cm, or one foot.
  15. This is, of course, in full, “guardia larga, offensiva, imperfetta”.
  16. Misnumbered 73.