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Difference between revisions of "Angelo Viggiani dal Montone"

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| <p>ROD: In accord with our discussion, by “''tempo''” I intend “motion”, not the number of the motion, as you mean. </p>
 
| <p>ROD: In accord with our discussion, by “''tempo''” I intend “motion”, not the number of the motion, as you mean. </p>
 
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| <p>CON: Listen to me a bit, please, Rodomonte; if you came against me wishing to offend me, what should I do? </p>
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<p>CON: Listen to me a bit, please, Rodomonte; if you came against me wishing to offend me, what should I do? </p>
 
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| <p>ROD: Come against me always in ''guardia alta, offensiva, perfetta''; but not, however, in a mind to offend me immediately; because if we were both of equal height, then we would offend each other equally, using the same offense in the very same ''tempo'', and if I were taller than you, it could easily occur that my point offended you, I remaining without any harm, or at least with much less. </p>
 
| <p>ROD: Come against me always in ''guardia alta, offensiva, perfetta''; but not, however, in a mind to offend me immediately; because if we were both of equal height, then we would offend each other equally, using the same offense in the very same ''tempo'', and if I were taller than you, it could easily occur that my point offended you, I remaining without any harm, or at least with much less. </p>
 
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| <p>CON: So you want me to always use this guard? </p>
 
| <p>CON: So you want me to always use this guard? </p>
 
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<p>ROD: Yes Sir, because it is always the most perfect, and better than others in order to defend yourself in every dangerous case. Look; if I were settled in ''guardia alta, offensiva, imperfetta'', wanting to offend your head with a ''mandritto'' from high to low, what protection would you find, ''conte'', from that ''fendente''? </p>
 
<p>ROD: Yes Sir, because it is always the most perfect, and better than others in order to defend yourself in every dangerous case. Look; if I were settled in ''guardia alta, offensiva, imperfetta'', wanting to offend your head with a ''mandritto'' from high to low, what protection would you find, ''conte'', from that ''fendente''? </p>
 
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<p>CON: I would reset myself in ''guardia stretta, difensiva'', formed from the ''meza punta sopramano'' with the right foot forward; and when your ''mandritto'' fell, I would lift my sword going against yours, as if I wanted to form another ''mandritto'', but in such a fashion that the point of my sword did not fall, but rather went higher than my pommel, holding my arm well extended. In this fashion the swords would connect each other true edge to true edge, in the manner of a cross. </p>
 
<p>CON: I would reset myself in ''guardia stretta, difensiva'', formed from the ''meza punta sopramano'' with the right foot forward; and when your ''mandritto'' fell, I would lift my sword going against yours, as if I wanted to form another ''mandritto'', but in such a fashion that the point of my sword did not fall, but rather went higher than my pommel, holding my arm well extended. In this fashion the swords would connect each other true edge to true edge, in the manner of a cross. </p>
 
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| <p><small>''One defending oneself from a ''mandritto discendente'' with a ''mandritto ascendente'' cannot in any way offend his enemy without great danger.''</small></p>
 
| <p><small>''One defending oneself from a ''mandritto discendente'' with a ''mandritto ascendente'' cannot in any way offend his enemy without great danger.''</small></p>
  
<p>ROD: This is the common ''schermo'' that all the Masters teach, and the greatest part of combatants use; but this is not a good protection for defending your head, because you cannot deny, ''conte'' (following reason) that the blows which fall from high to low are superior to those contrary ascending blows; hence with my falling blow I could so encumber your sword that you could still be harmed. And if it happened that you did defend yourself, how would you escape that thicket of my having wanted to harm you? CON: I would turn the point of my sword to my left side, over yours, and from there I would offend your head with a ''rovescio''. </p>
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<p>ROD: This is the common ''schermo'' that all the Masters teach, and the greatest part of combatants use; but this is not a good protection for defending your head, because you cannot deny, ''conte'' (following reason) that the blows which fall from high to low are superior to those contrary ascending blows; hence with my falling blow I could so encumber your sword that you could still be harmed. And if it happened that you did defend yourself, how would you escape that thicket of my having wanted to harm you?</p>
 
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| <p>CON: I would turn the point of my sword to my left side, over yours, and from there I would offend your head with a ''rovescio''. </p>
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| <p>ROD: While your ''rovescio'' travels, my sword, which remains in descent, will soon fall and offend you in the head in this fashion. </p>
 
| <p>ROD: While your ''rovescio'' travels, my sword, which remains in descent, will soon fall and offend you in the head in this fashion. </p>
 
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| <p>CON: I would therefore lower the point of my sword toward my right side in such a way that yours had to take a path to drop by my right side down to the ground; because such would be its travel; where lowering, or not lowering your sword, I would send it toward my left side without moving the fist that holds my sword, and then I would drop from high to low with a ''rovescio'' to the right side of your head, and do it like so. </p>
 
| <p>CON: I would therefore lower the point of my sword toward my right side in such a way that yours had to take a path to drop by my right side down to the ground; because such would be its travel; where lowering, or not lowering your sword, I would send it toward my left side without moving the fist that holds my sword, and then I would drop from high to low with a ''rovescio'' to the right side of your head, and do it like so. </p>
 
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| <p>ROD: And I, in that very same ''tempo'', would turn my true edge against yours, encumbering it, and I would remain defended, and what is more, I could offend you with a ''rovescio'' to your right arm, like so. </p>
 
| <p>ROD: And I, in that very same ''tempo'', would turn my true edge against yours, encumbering it, and I would remain defended, and what is more, I could offend you with a ''rovescio'' to your right arm, like so. </p>
 
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| <p>CON: Therefore I would cross the swords as I did earlier, that is, true edge to true edge, and distancing mine from yours somewhat, I would drop with a ''mandritto'' to the leg on your left side in this fashion. </p>
 
| <p>CON: Therefore I would cross the swords as I did earlier, that is, true edge to true edge, and distancing mine from yours somewhat, I would drop with a ''mandritto'' to the leg on your left side in this fashion. </p>
 
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Revision as of 04:51, 29 November 2023

Angelo Viggiani dal Montone
Died 1552
Bologna (?)
Relative(s) Battista Viggiani (brother)
Occupation Fencing master
Genres Fencing manual
Language Italian
Notable work(s) Lo Schermo (1575)
Manuscript(s) Cod. 10723 (1567)
Translations Traduction française

Angelo Viggiani dal Montone (Viziani, Angelus Viggianus; d. 1552) was a 16th century Italian fencing master. Little is known about this master's life, but he was Bolognese by birth and might also have been connected to the court of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor.[1]

In 1551, Viggiani completed a treatise on warfare, including fencing with the side sword, but died shortly thereafter. His brother Battista preserved the treatise and recorded in his introduction that Viggiani had asked him not to release it for at least fifteen years.[1] Accordingly, a presentation manuscript of the treatise was completed in 1567 as a gift for Maximilian II (1527-1576), Holy Roman Emperor. It was ultimately published in 1575 under the title Lo Schermo d'Angelo Viggiani.

Treatise

Note: This article includes a very early (2002) draft of Jherek Swanger's translation. An extensively-revised version of the translation was released in print in 2017 as The Fencing Method of Angelo Viggiani: Lo Schermo, Part III. It can be purchased at the following link in softcover.

Additional Resources

The following is a list of publications containing scans, transcriptions, and translations relevant to this article, as well as published peer-reviewed research.

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Unspecified service to Charles is mentioned in his brother's dedication on page 3.
  2. Literally, “Braggart”.
  3. Literally, “Iron Mouth”.
  4. It is conspicuous that in every other instance in the present text, (at least, in the sections translated here) Viggiani uses the term “da giuoco” (of play/practice) to refer to practice arms. Sydney Anglo (The Martial Arts of Renaissance Europe p.324, footnote 102) refers to evidence showing that in late 16th century Spain the spada da marra was considered to be an Italian equivalent of the spada negra, a blunted weapon with a button, and discusses the significance of the different terms. “Marra” in modern Italian is “hoe, fluke of an anchor”, and is given by Florio (A Worlde of Wordes, 1598) to mean “a mattock, a spade, a shovell, a rake to mingle sand and lome together, a pickaxe, or such rusticke instrument.” Thus “spade da marra” may simply mean “swords of blunt metal”, and represent a standard type of practice weapon. Of possible relevance, “smarra” is used to refer to the practice rapier by Marcelli (Regole della scherma, 1686) and others, presumably as a linguistic descendent of “spade da marra” (Gaugler, The History of Fencing, 1998, p. 92); turning again to Florio, “smarrare” is given as “to pare or shave down” and so “smarra” may simply derive from the meaning of “a sword whose point has been pared down”, rather than a contraction of “spada da marra”. It is intriguing to speculate that the term was originally pejorative, suggesting something akin to “swords like shovels”.
  5. Psalm 45:3.
  6. The word for which I substitute the phrase “dull edge” is, in the original, “costa”; the relevant meaning given in Florio is “the back of a knife”. Viggiani uses it to refer, first, to a dull false edge (as in a backsword); and second, to a dull portion of either the false, or, more likely, both edges (as an extended ricasso). I am unaware of a discrete word in English that could stand in adequate stead.
  7. Psalm 149:6-7.
  8. This is almost certainly an error in the original. The text reads “se nascerà la punta dalle parti dritte, chiamerassi punta rovescia”. This is, of course, the complete opposite of what is meant by “punta rovescia”, and Viggiani immediately contradicts this statement on pg. 56V, endnote immediately following.
  9. Here the correct definition (contrary to the preceding endnote) is given: “Se si ferirà con la punta, o nascerà dalle parti diritte, & chiamerassi punta diritta, o dalle parti stanche, & chiamerassi punta rovescia…
  10. "C" is upside down.
  11. Interpreting this maneuver is problematic. It may refer to the practice of arresting a fendente by meeting it at the agent’s hand, hilt, or at worst, forte; yet no mention is made of the patient closing distance to do so, creating the impression of simply putting a hand or forearm in harm’s way rather than take the blow in the head. The relevant passage in the original is “…il suo braccio stanco tien cura, & custodia della testa in pigliare il colpo con la mano, o in ritener co’l braccio la forza sua…
  12. A braccio is a unit of length of approximately 60 centimeters. The specified distance is therefore about 30 cm, or one foot.
  13. This is, of course, in full, “guardia larga, offensiva, imperfetta”.