Wiktenauer logo.png

Difference between revisions of "Angelo Viggiani dal Montone"

From Wiktenauer
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Line 3,374: Line 3,374:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| rowspan="7" |
+
| rowspan="9" |
 
| class="noline" | <p>ROD: In order that you be able to put all the strength of your body to your service; but when you have in mind to do the ''punta sopramano'', make the right foot move itself, and go forward a big step, and immediately make the left arm begin to descend, and the right shoulder to propel the arm forward, dropping with the point from high to low, taking aim at my chest, without making any turn of your hand, pushing it so far forward and so long as you are able.</p>
 
| class="noline" | <p>ROD: In order that you be able to put all the strength of your body to your service; but when you have in mind to do the ''punta sopramano'', make the right foot move itself, and go forward a big step, and immediately make the left arm begin to descend, and the right shoulder to propel the arm forward, dropping with the point from high to low, taking aim at my chest, without making any turn of your hand, pushing it so far forward and so long as you are able.</p>
 
| class="noline" |  
 
| class="noline" |  
Line 3,422: Line 3,422:
 
| class="noline" | <p><small>''How from the ''rovescio tondo'' one turns into ''guardia alta, offensiva, perfetta.</small></p>
 
| class="noline" | <p><small>''How from the ''rovescio tondo'' one turns into ''guardia alta, offensiva, perfetta.</small></p>
  
<p>the ''rovescio'' does not have to pass through the ''guardia alta, offensiva, perfetta'', rather, stop in the said guard, and the right arm must be bent, going with the elbow back as far as you can to the outside on the right side, and the right hand is not higher than the right shoulder, and the point of the sword aims at my face, the left shoulder remains somewhat ahead of the right, and the left arm will be in front of your chest with your hand toward your right side. And place your weight on your left side, in order to have your right leg free and agile. </p>
+
<p>the ''rovescio'' does not have to pass through the ''guardia alta, offensiva, perfetta'', rather, stop in the said guard, and the right arm must be bent, going with the elbow back as far as you can to the outside on the right side, and the right hand is not higher than the right shoulder, and the point of the sword aims at my face, the left shoulder remains somewhat ahead of the right, and the left arm will be in front of your chest with your hand toward your right side. And place your weight on your left side, in order to have your right leg free and agile.</p>
 
| class="noline" | <p><br/></p>
 
| class="noline" | <p><br/></p>
  
{{section|Page:Cod.10723 112r.jpg|5|lbl=112r.5}}
+
{{section|Page:Cod.10723 112r.jpg|5|lbl=112r.5|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.10723 112v.jpg|1|lbl=112v.1|p=1}}
 
| class="noline" | {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/184|f2|lbl=-}}
 
| class="noline" | {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/184|f2|lbl=-}}
  
Line 3,431: Line 3,431:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| <p><small>''How, having done the ''schermo'' once in order to address the enemy, one must then repeat it in order to strike.''</small></p>
+
| class="noline" | <p><small>''How, having done the ''schermo'' once in order to address the enemy, one must then repeat it in order to strike.''</small></p>
  
<p>And wanting from the said ''guardia alta, offensiva, perfetta'', to do again the above said thrust, you must lift your sword hand up somewhat high, and turn the true edge toward the sky, and the point will then be lower than your hand; and immediately, with your right foot forward, take a big step toward me, and in the same ''tempo'', drop that point from high to low toward my chest. And in the lowering of the sword toward your left side, you must not let it stop long in some low defensive guard, but make it travel from low to high toward your left shoulder, making immediately the ''rovescio tondo'', which terminates in the ''guardia alta, offensiva, perfetta''; but make the flat, or plane, of the sword be face up, and not the true edge, not forgetting to do all those turns of the body, of the hand, and of the feet mentioned above. And thus doing these many turns you will very well comprise the ''punta sopramano, offensiva, perfetta'', together with the ''rovescio tondo'' with all those gestures and turns of the body. But take heed, that if you were smaller than your enemy, you would have a great disadvantage settling yourself in this manner. Do you see how I do this whole ''schermo'' entirely with ease? </p>
+
<p>And wanting from the said ''guardia alta, offensiva, perfetta'', to do again the above said thrust, you must lift your sword hand up somewhat high, and turn the true edge toward the sky, and the point will then be lower than your hand; and immediately, with your right foot forward, take a big step toward me, and in the same ''tempo'', drop that point from high to low toward my chest.</p>
 +
| <p><br/><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
{{section|Page:Cod.10723 112v.jpg|2|lbl=112v.2}}
 +
| class="noline" | {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/184|f3|lbl=-}}
 +
 
 +
{{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/184|3|lbl=80r.3}}
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
| class="noline" |
 +
| {{section|Page:Cod.10723 112v.jpg|3|lbl=112v.3}}
 +
| class="noline" |
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
| <p>And in the lowering of the sword toward your left side, you must not let it stop long in some low defensive guard, but make it travel from low to high toward your left shoulder, making immediately the ''rovescio tondo'', which terminates in the ''guardia alta, offensiva, perfetta''; but make the flat, or plane, of the sword be face up, and not the true edge, not forgetting to do all those turns of the body, of the hand, and of the feet mentioned above. And thus doing these many turns you will very well comprise the ''punta sopramano, offensiva, perfetta'', together with the ''rovescio tondo'' with all those gestures and turns of the body. But take heed, that if you were smaller than your enemy, you would have a great disadvantage settling yourself in this manner. Do you see how I do this whole ''schermo'' entirely with ease?</p>
 +
|
 +
{{section|Page:Cod.10723 112v.jpg|4|lbl=112v.4|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.10723 113r.jpg|1|lbl=113r.1|p=1}}
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/184|f3|lbl=-}}
+
{{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/184|4|lbl=80r.4|p=1}} {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/185|1|lbl=80v.1|p=1}}
  
{{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/184|3|lbl=80r.3|p=1}} {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/185|1|lbl=80v.1|p=1}}
+
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>CON: I’m watching, but I will not be able to do it soon. </p>
 +
| {{section|Page:Cod.10723 113r.jpg|2|lbl=113r.2}}
 +
| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/185|2|lbl=80v.2}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>CON: I’m watching, but I will not be able to do it soon. </p>
 
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/185|2|lbl=80v.2}}
+
| {{section|Page:Cod.10723 113r.jpg|3|lbl=113r.3}}
 +
|
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
|
 +
| {{section|Page:Cod.10723 113r.jpg|4|lbl=113r.4}}
 +
|
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 3,466: Line 3,492:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
|  
+
| rowspan="2" |  
| <p><small>''What entirely comprises this ''schermo.</small></p>
+
| class="noline" | <p><small>''What entirely comprises this ''schermo.</small></p>
  
<p>ROD: If we live, ''conte'', we will see this ''Signore'' the chief of all the knights and ''Signori'', he being blessed with valor, virtue, and knowledge. But returning to our proposition, I tell you that this is my ''schermo'', composed of the most perfect offense, and of the most perfect guards that there are, namely the ''guardia alta, offensiva, perfetta'', and the ''punta sopramano, offensiva, perfettissima''. There you have also the ''rovescio tondo'', a good defensive blow, and the ''guardia difensiva larga''. </p>
+
<p>ROD: If we live, ''conte'', we will see this ''Signore'' the chief of all the knights and ''Signori'', he being blessed with valor, virtue, and knowledge.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/185|f3|lbl=-}}
+
| class="noline" | {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/185|f3|lbl=-}}
  
 
{{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/185|5|lbl=80v.5}}
 
{{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/185|5|lbl=80v.5}}
 +
 +
|-
 +
| <p>But returning to our proposition, I tell you that this is my ''schermo'', composed of the most perfect offense, and of the most perfect guards that there are, namely the ''guardia alta, offensiva, perfetta'', and the ''punta sopramano, offensiva, perfettissima''. There you have also the ''rovescio tondo'', a good defensive blow, and the ''guardia difensiva larga''. </p>
 +
| {{section|Page:Cod.10723 113r.jpg|5|lbl=113r.5}}
 +
| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/185|6|lbl=80v.6}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| <p>CON: It is not, therefore, a ''tempo'', as you said. </p>
 
| <p>CON: It is not, therefore, a ''tempo'', as you said. </p>
|  
+
| {{section|Page:Cod.10723 113r.jpg|6|lbl=113r.6}}
| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/185|6|lbl=80v.6}}
+
| {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/185|7|lbl=80v.7}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 3,486: Line 3,517:
  
 
<p>ROD: On the contrary, as the ''schermo'' is one, thus is the ''tempo'' that accompanies it one; and as the ''schermo'' has two blows done successively without an intervening guard, namely the ''rovescio tondo'' and the ''punta sopramano'', and has two guards; thus this ''tempo'' of yours is in turn composed of two ''tempo''s, successively issued, and two rests. </p>
 
<p>ROD: On the contrary, as the ''schermo'' is one, thus is the ''tempo'' that accompanies it one; and as the ''schermo'' has two blows done successively without an intervening guard, namely the ''rovescio tondo'' and the ''punta sopramano'', and has two guards; thus this ''tempo'' of yours is in turn composed of two ''tempo''s, successively issued, and two rests. </p>
|  
+
| <p><br/><br/></p>
 +
 
 +
{{section|Page:Cod.10723 113r.jpg|7|lbl=113r.7}}
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/185|f4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/186|f1|lbl=-|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/185|f4|lbl=-|p=1}} {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/186|f1|lbl=-|p=1}}
  
{{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/185|7|lbl=80v.7|p=1}} {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/186|1|lbl=81r.1|p=1}}
+
{{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/185|8|lbl=80v.8|p=1}} {{section|Page:Lo Schermo (Angelo Viggiani) 1575.pdf/186|1|lbl=81r.1|p=1}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 3,496: Line 3,529:
 
| <p>BOC: You speak excellently, Rodomonte, except that the rest is measured by the ''tempo'', and it seems that you distinguish the ''tempo'' by the rest. </p>
 
| <p>BOC: You speak excellently, Rodomonte, except that the rest is measured by the ''tempo'', and it seems that you distinguish the ''tempo'' by the rest. </p>
 
|  
 
|  
 +
{{section|Page:Cod.10723 113r.jpg|8|lbl=113r.8|p=1}} {{section|Page:Cod.10723 113v.jpg|1|lbl=113v.1|p=1}}
 
|  
 
|  
  

Revision as of 03:39, 29 November 2023

Angelo Viggiani dal Montone
Died 1552
Bologna (?)
Relative(s) Battista Viggiani (brother)
Occupation Fencing master
Genres Fencing manual
Language Italian
Notable work(s) Lo Schermo (1575)
Manuscript(s) Cod. 10723 (1567)
Translations Traduction française

Angelo Viggiani dal Montone (Viziani, Angelus Viggianus; d. 1552) was a 16th century Italian fencing master. Little is known about this master's life, but he was Bolognese by birth and might also have been connected to the court of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor.[1]

In 1551, Viggiani completed a treatise on warfare, including fencing with the side sword, but died shortly thereafter. His brother Battista preserved the treatise and recorded in his introduction that Viggiani had asked him not to release it for at least fifteen years.[1] Accordingly, a presentation manuscript of the treatise was completed in 1567 as a gift for Maximilian II (1527-1576), Holy Roman Emperor. It was ultimately published in 1575 under the title Lo Schermo d'Angelo Viggiani.

Treatise

Note: This article includes a very early (2002) draft of Jherek Swanger's translation. An extensively-revised version of the translation was released in print in 2017 as The Fencing Method of Angelo Viggiani: Lo Schermo, Part III. It can be purchased at the following link in softcover.

Additional Resources

The following is a list of publications containing scans, transcriptions, and translations relevant to this article, as well as published peer-reviewed research.

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Unspecified service to Charles is mentioned in his brother's dedication on page 3.
  2. Literally, “Braggart”.
  3. Literally, “Iron Mouth”.
  4. It is conspicuous that in every other instance in the present text, (at least, in the sections translated here) Viggiani uses the term “da giuoco” (of play/practice) to refer to practice arms. Sydney Anglo (The Martial Arts of Renaissance Europe p.324, footnote 102) refers to evidence showing that in late 16th century Spain the spada da marra was considered to be an Italian equivalent of the spada negra, a blunted weapon with a button, and discusses the significance of the different terms. “Marra” in modern Italian is “hoe, fluke of an anchor”, and is given by Florio (A Worlde of Wordes, 1598) to mean “a mattock, a spade, a shovell, a rake to mingle sand and lome together, a pickaxe, or such rusticke instrument.” Thus “spade da marra” may simply mean “swords of blunt metal”, and represent a standard type of practice weapon. Of possible relevance, “smarra” is used to refer to the practice rapier by Marcelli (Regole della scherma, 1686) and others, presumably as a linguistic descendent of “spade da marra” (Gaugler, The History of Fencing, 1998, p. 92); turning again to Florio, “smarrare” is given as “to pare or shave down” and so “smarra” may simply derive from the meaning of “a sword whose point has been pared down”, rather than a contraction of “spada da marra”. It is intriguing to speculate that the term was originally pejorative, suggesting something akin to “swords like shovels”.
  5. Psalm 45:3.
  6. The word for which I substitute the phrase “dull edge” is, in the original, “costa”; the relevant meaning given in Florio is “the back of a knife”. Viggiani uses it to refer, first, to a dull false edge (as in a backsword); and second, to a dull portion of either the false, or, more likely, both edges (as an extended ricasso). I am unaware of a discrete word in English that could stand in adequate stead.
  7. Psalm 149:6-7.
  8. This is almost certainly an error in the original. The text reads “se nascerà la punta dalle parti dritte, chiamerassi punta rovescia”. This is, of course, the complete opposite of what is meant by “punta rovescia”, and Viggiani immediately contradicts this statement on pg. 56V, endnote immediately following.
  9. Here the correct definition (contrary to the preceding endnote) is given: “Se si ferirà con la punta, o nascerà dalle parti diritte, & chiamerassi punta diritta, o dalle parti stanche, & chiamerassi punta rovescia…
  10. "C" is upside down.
  11. Interpreting this maneuver is problematic. It may refer to the practice of arresting a fendente by meeting it at the agent’s hand, hilt, or at worst, forte; yet no mention is made of the patient closing distance to do so, creating the impression of simply putting a hand or forearm in harm’s way rather than take the blow in the head. The relevant passage in the original is “…il suo braccio stanco tien cura, & custodia della testa in pigliare il colpo con la mano, o in ritener co’l braccio la forza sua…
  12. A braccio is a unit of length of approximately 60 centimeters. The specified distance is therefore about 30 cm, or one foot.
  13. This is, of course, in full, “guardia larga, offensiva, imperfetta”.