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| <p>[7] </p>
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| <p>[7] '''''General discourse on the use of the dagger.'''''</p>
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<p>In practising we say that it is good to hold the dagger with the arm extended with little help from the sword, so that you may become secure in the defence and may make little movement in parrying in order not to uncover one side while covering the other; for when the dagger is held well forward and you are disordered by large movements, you become confused and are defeated. Therefore it is necessary to use it judiciously and with practice to acquire such exactness that the dagger is not disturbed by the movements of the sword and you are more secure in its use. When then you have acquired that familiarity and security, you can hold it withdrawn and push it forward to the defence as required. Then you will be certain that it will perform its function with more exactness and security in engaging the adversary's sword. Similarly after such exercise you will be able to hold it more in union with the sword, which will render the defence easier and stronger, nor will your dagger be so much harassed. But you should not hold it fixed in any position. The reason is that in some cases it is good to have it advanced, and in other cases not according to the position of your adversary's weapons, whether advanced or withdrawn, and according to the position of your own guard. For having fixed the body and pushed the sword forward, it may be better to have the dagger while in other cases it may be better to have it advanced. But to discuss all the positions in which it may be held against the various counter-positions would make this discourse too long, for the subject is very large, almost endless. We shall merely say that as a general rule the point of the dagger should be held always opposed to the point of the adversary's sword, until that point is turned against the body. To hold the dagger out of line would not be advantageous, nor to keep it turned towards the feet, unless you were careful to hold the body so low that you could defend the upper part with little movement, and were ready to hit in the same ''time''. As we have said it is better to cover the dagger with the sword in such a manner that your adversary's only resource is to disengage. This method is safer and less subtle, and may also be used against a sword held high. Also you should hold the dagger so close to the sword that there is no path for the adversary's sword between the two hands; his sword will either meet the dagger or pass on to the ''forte'' of your sword. We must also remind you that in using the dagger the defences are all to be made with the edge, whether on the inside or the outside, whether high or low, and with the strongest part of the dagger especially against cuts, and against thrusts too, when you wish to glide along the blade. It is true that if you wish to beat a practice which we do not recommend, it is better to do so, the point of the dagger on the ''faible'' of the adversary's sword, since the point describes a larger circle.</p>
 
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| {{pagetb|Page:Scienza d’Arme (Salvator Fabris) 1606.pdf|94|lbl=84}}
 
| {{pagetb|Page:Scienza d’Arme (Salvator Fabris) 1606.pdf|94|lbl=84}}
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| [[file:GKS 1868 2 detail 01.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:GKS 1868 2 detail 01.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:Scienza d’Arme (Fabris) 049.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:Scienza d’Arme (Fabris) 049.jpg|400px|center]]
| <p>[8] </p>
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| <p>[8] This discourse will explain the guard in ''prime'' with the sword and dagger here illustrated. The hand is in the position reached by drawing the sword from the scabbard. With these weapons your guard will be securer than with the sword alone, for the dagger defends the upper part towards the face, which is nearest to the adversary and defends below to the middle of the body. Below that part there is no danger since the adversary cannot reach. If you keep the feet close together and the weapons in conjunction, your sword cannot easily be engaged and is always free, whilst the conjunction of the dagger with it prevents the entrance of thrust or cut between them. Cuts at the head too are defended by this guard, and you may hit in the same ''time''. With this guard in every case after hitting you should recover to the same position for your protection, keeping the dagger always extended. As to the legs no other defence is needed, where the adversary cannot reach. In the ''time'' of your adversary's approaching to hit you can thrust a cut at the head or sword arm, merely bringing back the left foot, thus you will protect yourself and make a hit.</p>
 
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| {{pagetb|Page:Scienza d’Arme (Salvator Fabris) 1606.pdf|95|lbl=85}}
 
| {{pagetb|Page:Scienza d’Arme (Salvator Fabris) 1606.pdf|95|lbl=85}}
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| [[file:GKS 1868 2 detail 12.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:GKS 1868 2 detail 12.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:Scienza d’Arme (Fabris) 050.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:Scienza d’Arme (Fabris) 050.jpg|400px|center]]
| <p>[9] </p>
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| <p>[9] The second guard in order is a guard in ''prime'' in its nature and derived from the first. The difference between them is that you have carried the left foot forward, or the right foot forward, and that is the only change in position. As to its security this guard is inferior to the first, because the advanced leg is in great danger and the side below the dagger is exposed, for can you hit without passing, and having passed you cannot return on guard without being hit owing to the length of the movement; also you are too far advanced to be able to break ground. Still this guard may be used, if its correct principles are observed, that is to wait for the adversary to hit him in order to parry and hit, or make a feint with the point and cut. A guard formed in this manner is also fitted for making a feint with the point and thrusting; but you must not give the adversary a ''time'' or an opening, unless you carry thw[!] weight of the body on to the rear leg, leaving the other leg exposed; when the adversary advances to hit that leg, you must carry it behind the other, which you may do without difficulty as it is already relieved of the weight. In this manner with the body bent forward on the right foot you may in the same ''time'' thrust or cut according to the opportunity; this is beyond comparison the best device which can be used with this guard.</p>
 
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| {{pagetb|Page:Scienza d’Arme (Salvator Fabris) 1606.pdf|96|lbl=86}}
 
| {{pagetb|Page:Scienza d’Arme (Salvator Fabris) 1606.pdf|96|lbl=86}}
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| [[file:GKS 1868 2 detail 19.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:GKS 1868 2 detail 19.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:Scienza d’Arme (Fabris) 051.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:Scienza d’Arme (Fabris) 051.jpg|400px|center]]
| <p>[10] </p>
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| <p>[10] This plate represents an extension made from the guard in ''prime'' with the sword and dagger. This guard would naturally hit over the adversary's weapons, for if you try to hit below with this extension your adversary would easily knock your sword to the ground. The plate shows the dagger extended and the body bent in order to parry the blow which the adversary might make; for in hitting you must never withdraw the dagger or let it fall-back[!], since it is clear that in the ''time'' of withdrawing or abandoning it you cannot parry. With this guard you increase your danger by the large part uncovered by the angle formed with the sword hand, so that if you could not parry you would be hit, and still more easily as the thrust with this guard is shorter than with the other guards. After hitting with this thrust you must recover the right foot to the other foot and wait for a new op-portunity; if your adversary does nothing, you can make a feint of a thrust on the inside of the dagger, but if he should design to hit in ''tierce'', as he may easily do, you should then make a cut of ''mandiritto tondo'' under his dagger, which will hit him in the sword arm at the moment of his thrust in ''tierce''; you must carry the right foot forward a very little way according to his distance, parrying his point at the same moment with your dagger by pushing it out to the left side and bringing the right side forward in order to facilitate the defence and lengthen your sword; this will have a good effect when you recover on guard.</p>
 
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| {{pagetb|Page:Scienza d’Arme (Salvator Fabris) 1606.pdf|97|lbl=87}}
 
| {{pagetb|Page:Scienza d’Arme (Salvator Fabris) 1606.pdf|97|lbl=87}}
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| [[file:GKS 1868 2 detail 02.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:GKS 1868 2 detail 02.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:Scienza d’Arme (Fabris) 052.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:Scienza d’Arme (Fabris) 052.jpg|400px|center]]
| <p>[] </p>
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| <p>[11] </p>
 
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| {{pagetb|Page:Scienza d’Arme (Salvator Fabris) 1606.pdf|98|lbl=88}}
 
| {{pagetb|Page:Scienza d’Arme (Salvator Fabris) 1606.pdf|98|lbl=88}}
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| [[file:GKS 1868 2 detail 05.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:GKS 1868 2 detail 05.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:Scienza d’Arme (Fabris) 053.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:Scienza d’Arme (Fabris) 053.jpg|400px|center]]
| <p>[] </p>
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| <p>[12] </p>
 
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| {{section|Page:Scienza d’Arme (Salvator Fabris) 1606.pdf/99|1|lbl=89}}
 
| {{section|Page:Scienza d’Arme (Salvator Fabris) 1606.pdf/99|1|lbl=89}}
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| [[file:GKS 1868 2 detail 13.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:GKS 1868 2 detail 13.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:Scienza d’Arme (Fabris) 054.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:Scienza d’Arme (Fabris) 054.jpg|400px|center]]
| <p>[] </p>
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| <p>[13] </p>
 
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| [[file:GKS 1868 2 detail 16.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:GKS 1868 2 detail 16.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:Scienza d’Arme (Fabris) 055.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:Scienza d’Arme (Fabris) 055.jpg|400px|center]]
| <p>[] </p>
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| <p>[14] </p>
 
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| {{section|Page:Scienza d’Arme (Salvator Fabris) 1606.pdf/101|1|lbl=91}}
 
| {{section|Page:Scienza d’Arme (Salvator Fabris) 1606.pdf/101|1|lbl=91}}
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| [[file:GKS 1868 2 detail 11.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:GKS 1868 2 detail 11.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:Scienza d’Arme (Fabris) 056.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:Scienza d’Arme (Fabris) 056.jpg|400px|center]]
| <p>[] </p>
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| <p>[15] </p>
 
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| [[file:GKS 1868 2 detail 17.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:GKS 1868 2 detail 17.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:Scienza d’Arme (Fabris) 057.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:Scienza d’Arme (Fabris) 057.jpg|400px|center]]
| <p>[] </p>
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| <p>[16] </p>
 
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| [[file:GKS 1868 2 detail 20.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:GKS 1868 2 detail 20.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:Scienza d’Arme (Fabris) 058.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:Scienza d’Arme (Fabris) 058.jpg|400px|center]]
| <p>[] </p>
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| <p>[17] </p>
 
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| [[file:GKS 1868 2 detail 08.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:GKS 1868 2 detail 08.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:Scienza d’Arme (Fabris) 059.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:Scienza d’Arme (Fabris) 059.jpg|400px|center]]
| <p>[] </p>
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| <p>[18] </p>
 
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| [[file:GKS 1868 2 detail 03.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:GKS 1868 2 detail 03.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:Scienza d’Arme (Fabris) 060.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:Scienza d’Arme (Fabris) 060.jpg|400px|center]]
| <p>[] </p>
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| <p>[19] </p>
 
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| [[file:GKS 1868 2 detail 06.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:GKS 1868 2 detail 06.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:Scienza d’Arme (Fabris) 061.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:Scienza d’Arme (Fabris) 061.jpg|400px|center]]
| <p>[] </p>
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| <p>[20] </p>
 
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| [[file:GKS 1868 2 detail 07.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:GKS 1868 2 detail 07.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:Scienza d’Arme (Fabris) 062.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:Scienza d’Arme (Fabris) 062.jpg|400px|center]]
| <p>[] </p>
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| <p>[21] </p>
 
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| {{section|Page:Scienza d’Arme (Salvator Fabris) 1606.pdf/107|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Scienza d’Arme (Salvator Fabris) 1606.pdf/107|2|lbl=-}}
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| [[file:GKS 1868 2 detail 14.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:GKS 1868 2 detail 14.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:Scienza d’Arme (Fabris) 063.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:Scienza d’Arme (Fabris) 063.jpg|400px|center]]
| <p>[] </p>
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| <p>[22] </p>
 
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| {{pagetb|Page:Scienza d’Arme (Salvator Fabris) 1606.pdf|108|lbl=98}}
 
| {{pagetb|Page:Scienza d’Arme (Salvator Fabris) 1606.pdf|108|lbl=98}}
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| [[file:GKS 1868 2 detail 10.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:GKS 1868 2 detail 10.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:Scienza d’Arme (Fabris) 064.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:Scienza d’Arme (Fabris) 064.jpg|400px|center]]
| <p>[] </p>
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| <p>[23] </p>
 
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| [[file:GKS 1868 2 detail 18.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:GKS 1868 2 detail 18.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:Scienza d’Arme (Fabris) 065.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:Scienza d’Arme (Fabris) 065.jpg|400px|center]]
| <p>[] </p>
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| <p>[24] </p>
 
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| [[file:GKS 1868 2 detail 21.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:GKS 1868 2 detail 21.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:Scienza d’Arme (Fabris) 066.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:Scienza d’Arme (Fabris) 066.jpg|400px|center]]
| <p>[] </p>
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| <p>[25] </p>
 
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| {{pagetb|Page:Scienza d’Arme (Salvator Fabris) 1606.pdf|112|lbl=102}}
 
| {{pagetb|Page:Scienza d’Arme (Salvator Fabris) 1606.pdf|112|lbl=102}}
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| [[file:GKS 1868 2 detail 04.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:GKS 1868 2 detail 04.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:Scienza d’Arme (Fabris) 067.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:Scienza d’Arme (Fabris) 067.jpg|400px|center]]
| <p>[] </p>
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| <p>[26] </p>
 
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| [[file:GKS 1868 2 detail 09.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:GKS 1868 2 detail 09.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:Scienza d’Arme (Fabris) 068.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:Scienza d’Arme (Fabris) 068.jpg|400px|center]]
| <p>[] </p>
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| <p>[27] </p>
 
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| {{section|Page:Scienza d’Arme (Salvator Fabris) 1606.pdf/114|2|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:Scienza d’Arme (Salvator Fabris) 1606.pdf/114|2|lbl=-}}
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| [[file:GKS 1868 2 detail 15.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:GKS 1868 2 detail 15.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:Scienza d’Arme (Fabris) 069.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:Scienza d’Arme (Fabris) 069.jpg|400px|center]]
| <p>[] </p>
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| <p>[28] </p>
 
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| {{pagetb|Page:Scienza d’Arme (Salvator Fabris) 1606.pdf|115|lbl=105}}
 
| {{pagetb|Page:Scienza d’Arme (Salvator Fabris) 1606.pdf|115|lbl=105}}
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| [[file:GKS 1868 2 detail 22.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:GKS 1868 2 detail 22.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:Scienza d’Arme (Fabris) 070.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:Scienza d’Arme (Fabris) 070.jpg|400px|center]]
| <p>[] </p>
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| <p>[29] </p>
 
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| {{pagetb|Page:Scienza d’Arme (Salvator Fabris) 1606.pdf|116|lbl=106}}
 
| {{pagetb|Page:Scienza d’Arme (Salvator Fabris) 1606.pdf|116|lbl=106}}
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| [[file:GKS 1868 2 detail 23.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:GKS 1868 2 detail 23.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:Scienza d’Arme (Fabris) 071.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:Scienza d’Arme (Fabris) 071.jpg|400px|center]]
| <p>[] </p>
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| <p>[30] </p>
 
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| [[file:GKS 1868 2 detail 26.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:GKS 1868 2 detail 26.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:Scienza d’Arme (Fabris) 072.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:Scienza d’Arme (Fabris) 072.jpg|400px|center]]
| <p>[] </p>
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| <p>[31] </p>
 
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| [[file:GKS 1868 2 detail 31.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:GKS 1868 2 detail 31.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:Scienza d’Arme (Fabris) 073.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:Scienza d’Arme (Fabris) 073.jpg|400px|center]]
| <p>[] </p>
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| <p>[32] </p>
 
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| [[file:GKS 1868 2 detail 30.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:GKS 1868 2 detail 30.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:Scienza d’Arme (Fabris) 074.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:Scienza d’Arme (Fabris) 074.jpg|400px|center]]
| <p>[] </p>
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| <p>[33] </p>
 
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| [[file:GKS 1868 2 detail 33.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:GKS 1868 2 detail 33.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:Scienza d’Arme (Fabris) 075.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:Scienza d’Arme (Fabris) 075.jpg|400px|center]]
| <p>[] </p>
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| <p>[34] </p>
 
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| [[file:GKS 1868 2 detail 28.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:GKS 1868 2 detail 28.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:Scienza d’Arme (Fabris) 076.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:Scienza d’Arme (Fabris) 076.jpg|400px|center]]
| <p>[] </p>
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| <p>[35] </p>
 
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| {{section|Page:Scienza d’Arme (Salvator Fabris) 1606.pdf/122|2|lbl=-|p=1}}
 
| {{section|Page:Scienza d’Arme (Salvator Fabris) 1606.pdf/122|2|lbl=-|p=1}}
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| [[file:GKS 1868 2 detail 29.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:GKS 1868 2 detail 29.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:Scienza d’Arme (Fabris) 077.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:Scienza d’Arme (Fabris) 077.jpg|400px|center]]
| <p>[] </p>
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| <p>[36] </p>
 
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| {{pagetb|Page:Scienza d’Arme (Salvator Fabris) 1606.pdf|123|lbl=113}}
 
| {{pagetb|Page:Scienza d’Arme (Salvator Fabris) 1606.pdf|123|lbl=113}}
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| [[file:GKS 1868 2 detail 27.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:GKS 1868 2 detail 27.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:Scienza d’Arme (Fabris) 078.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:Scienza d’Arme (Fabris) 078.jpg|400px|center]]
| <p>[] </p>
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| <p>[37] </p>
 
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| {{pagetb|Page:Scienza d’Arme (Salvator Fabris) 1606.pdf|124|lbl=114}}
 
| {{pagetb|Page:Scienza d’Arme (Salvator Fabris) 1606.pdf|124|lbl=114}}
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| [[file:GKS 1868 2 detail 24.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:GKS 1868 2 detail 24.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:Scienza d’Arme (Fabris) 079.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:Scienza d’Arme (Fabris) 079.jpg|400px|center]]
| <p>[] </p>
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| <p>[38] </p>
 
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| {{pagetb|Page:Scienza d’Arme (Salvator Fabris) 1606.pdf|125|lbl=115}}
 
| {{pagetb|Page:Scienza d’Arme (Salvator Fabris) 1606.pdf|125|lbl=115}}
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| [[file:GKS 1868 2 detail 35.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:GKS 1868 2 detail 35.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:Scienza d’Arme (Fabris) 080.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:Scienza d’Arme (Fabris) 080.jpg|400px|center]]
| <p>[] </p>
+
| <p>[39] </p>
 
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| {{pagetb|Page:Scienza d’Arme (Salvator Fabris) 1606.pdf|126|lbl=116}}
 
| {{pagetb|Page:Scienza d’Arme (Salvator Fabris) 1606.pdf|126|lbl=116}}
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| [[file:GKS 1868 2 detail 38.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:GKS 1868 2 detail 38.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:Scienza d’Arme (Fabris) 081.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:Scienza d’Arme (Fabris) 081.jpg|400px|center]]
| <p>[] </p>
+
| <p>[40] </p>
 
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| {{pagetb|Page:Scienza d’Arme (Salvator Fabris) 1606.pdf|127|lbl=117}}
 
| {{pagetb|Page:Scienza d’Arme (Salvator Fabris) 1606.pdf|127|lbl=117}}
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| [[file:GKS 1868 2 detail 32.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:GKS 1868 2 detail 32.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:Scienza d’Arme (Fabris) 082.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[file:Scienza d’Arme (Fabris) 082.jpg|400px|center]]
| <p>[] </p>
+
| <p>[41] </p>
 
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| {{pagetb|Page:Scienza d’Arme (Salvator Fabris) 1606.pdf|128|lbl=118}}
 
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| <p><small>[113r]</small> {{gold|b=1|V}}edeßi qui una ferita di seconda sopra il pugniale qual’è contra una mano voltata verso la quarta, & è avenuta, per’che quello che á ferito era nella terza sopra il piece manco & á finto di ferire sotto il braccio del’pugniale inemico, & questo abbaßato la mano di eßo per’parare, & si è cacciato nel’mezo delle arme á ferire di meza quarta, & quello che á fatto la finta appreßo quel’tempo cavando sopra detto pugniale voltando la mano in seconda, appoggiando il pugniale alla nemica ponta schorrendo il filo di eßa è paßato con il piede dritto tanto innanzi, Come si vede, per’che la detta quardia porta con se tal’ragione; potrebbe anchor’eßer’stato che questo, che era nel’piede manco sia andato á ritrovare, la nemica di dentro, la qual’doveva eßere in terza & quello averà cavato per’non lasciarsi occupare mà ferire in quel’tempo, & questo in quel’medesimo punta á cavato anchora lui di seconda, & posto il pugniale alla nemica che veniva á ferire & è paßato di piedi dritto dove è arrivato innanzi che quello, che aveva pri= <small>[114v]</small> ma fatto la distesa di terza abbi potuto fenire di voltare la mano in quarta.</p>
 
| <p><small>[113r]</small> {{gold|b=1|V}}edeßi qui una ferita di seconda sopra il pugniale qual’è contra una mano voltata verso la quarta, & è avenuta, per’che quello che á ferito era nella terza sopra il piece manco & á finto di ferire sotto il braccio del’pugniale inemico, & questo abbaßato la mano di eßo per’parare, & si è cacciato nel’mezo delle arme á ferire di meza quarta, & quello che á fatto la finta appreßo quel’tempo cavando sopra detto pugniale voltando la mano in seconda, appoggiando il pugniale alla nemica ponta schorrendo il filo di eßa è paßato con il piede dritto tanto innanzi, Come si vede, per’che la detta quardia porta con se tal’ragione; potrebbe anchor’eßer’stato che questo, che era nel’piede manco sia andato á ritrovare, la nemica di dentro, la qual’doveva eßere in terza & quello averà cavato per’non lasciarsi occupare mà ferire in quel’tempo, & questo in quel’medesimo punta á cavato anchora lui di seconda, & posto il pugniale alla nemica che veniva á ferire & è paßato di piedi dritto dove è arrivato innanzi che quello, che aveva pri= <small>[114v]</small> ma fatto la distesa di terza abbi potuto fenire di voltare la mano in quarta.</p>
 
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Revision as of 16:42, 1 May 2022

Salvator Fabris
200px
Born 1544
Padua, Italy
Died 11 Nov 1618 (aged 74)
Padua, Italy
Occupation
Nationality Italian
Alma mater University of Padua (?)
Patron
  • Christianus IV of Denmark
  • Johan Frederik of Schleswig-
    Holstein-Gottorp
Influenced
Genres Fencing manual
Language Italian
Notable work(s) Scienza d’Arme (1606)
Manuscript(s)
Translations

Salvator Fabris (Salvador Fabbri, Salvator Fabriz, Fabrice; 1544-1618) was a 16th – 17th century Italian knight and fencing master. He was born in or around Padua, Italy in 1544, and although little is known about his early years, he seems to have studied fencing from a young age and possibly attended the prestigious University of Padua.[citation needed] The French master Henry de Sainct Didier recounts a meeting with an Italian fencer named "Fabrice" during the course of preparing his treatise (completed in 1573) in which they debated fencing theory, potentially placing Fabris in France in the early 1570s.[1] In the 1580s, Fabris corresponded with Christian Barnekow, a Danish nobleman with ties to the royal court as well as an alumnus of the university.[2] It seems likely that Fabris traveled a great deal during the 1570s and 80s, spending time in France, Germany, Spain, and possibly other regions before returning to teach at his alma mater.[citation needed]

It is unclear if Fabris himself was of noble birth, but at some point he seems to have earned a knighthood. In fact, he is described in his treatise as Supremus Eques ("Supreme Knight") of the Order of the Seven Hearts. In Johann Joachim Hynitzsch's introduction to the 1676 edition, he identifies Fabris as a Colonel of the Order.[3] It seems therefore that he was not only a knight of the Order of the Seven Hearts, but rose to a high rank and perhaps even overall leadership.

Fabris' whereabouts in the 1590s are uncertain, but there are rumors. In 1594, he may have been hired by King Sigismund of Poland to assassinate his uncle Karl, a Swedish duke and competitor for the Swedish crown. According to the story, Fabris participated in a sword dance (or possibly a dramatic play) with a sharp sword and was to slay Karl during the performance when the audience was distracted. (The duke was warned and avoided the event, saving his life.)[4] In ca. 1599, Fabris may have been invited to England by noted playwright William Shakespeare to choreograph the fight scenes in his premier of Hamlet.[5][2] He also presumably spent considerable time in the 1590s developing the fencing manual that would guarantee his lasting fame.

What is certain is that by 1598, Fabris had left his position at the University of Padua and was attached to the court of Johan Frederik, the young duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp. He continued in the duke's service until 1601, and as a parting gift prepared a lavishly-illustrated, three-volume manuscript of his treatise entitled Scientia e Prattica dell'Arme (GI.kgl.Saml.1868 4040).[2]

In 1601, Fabris was hired as chief rapier instructor to the court of Christianus IV, King of Denmark and Duke Johan Frederik's cousin. He ultimately served in the royal court for five years; toward the end of his tenure and at the king's insistence, he published his opus under the title Sienza e Pratica d’Arme ("Science and Practice of Arms") or De lo Schermo, overo Scienza d’Arme ("On Defense, or the Science of Arms"). Christianus funded this first edition and placed his court artist, Jan van Halbeeck, at Fabris' disposal to illustrate it; it was ultimately published in Copenhagen on 25 September 1606.[2]

Soon after the text was published, and perhaps feeling his 62 years, Fabris asked to be released from his six-year contract with the king so that he might return home. He traveled through northern Germany and was in Paris, France, in 1608. Ultimately, he received a position at the University of Padua and there passed his final years. He died of a fever on 11 November 1618 at the age of 74, and the town of Padua declared an official day of mourning in his honor. In 1676, the town of Padua erected a statue of the master in the Chiesa del Santo.

The importance of Fabris' work can hardly be overstated. Versions of his treatise were reprinted for over a hundred years, and translated into German at least four times as well as French and Latin. He is almost universally praised by later masters and fencing historians, and through the influence of his students and their students (most notably Hans Wilhelm Schöffer), he became the dominant figure in German fencing throughout the 17th century and into the 18th.

Treatise

Additional Resources

References

  1. Didier, Henry de Sainct. Les secrets du premier livre sur l'espée seule. Paris, 1573. pp 5-8.
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Fabris, Salvator and Leoni, Tom. Art of Dueling: Salvator Fabris' Rapier Fencing Treatise of 1606. Highland Village, TX: Chivalry Bookshelf, 2005. pp XVIII-XIX.
  3. Fabris, Salvator and Leoni, Tom. Art of Dueling: Salvator Fabris' Rapier Fencing Treatise of 1606. Highland Village, TX: Chivalry Bookshelf, 2005. p XXIX.
  4. Andersson, Henrik. Salvator Fabris as a Hired Assassin in Sweden. Association for Renaissance Martial Arts. Retrieved 2011-12-18.
  5. Barbasetti, Luigi. Fencing Through the Ages.[Full citation needed]
  6. Originally "asseruatore", but corrected in the errata.
  7. Originally "richeide", but corrected in the errata.
  8. Originally "dirarsi", but corrected in the errata.
  9. Originally "longuezza", but corrected in the errata.
  10. Originally "mettre", but corrected in the errata.
  11. Originally "volto", but corrected in the errata.
  12. 12.0 12.1 12.2 There's no conclusion of this word on the next page, just a new sentence.
  13. Originally "occcsione", but corrected in the errata.
  14. Originally "albassare", but corrected in the errata.
  15. Originally "& migliore", but corrected in the errata.
  16. Originally "temerariemente", but corrected in the errata.
  17. Originally "bisogna", but corrected in the errata.
  18. The letter 'F' was omitted in the print and hand-corrected in all copies.
  19. Originally "guardia", but corrected in the errata.
  20. Originally "equali", but corrected in the errata.
  21. Originally "poco", but corrected in the errata.
  22. Originally "poco", but corrected in the errata.
  23. Originally "non buoni", but corrected in the errata.
  24. Originally "queui", but corrected in the errata.
  25. Originally "che spada", but corrected in the errata.
  26. Originally "accorgendosi", but corrected in the errata.
  27. Originally "con pugnale", but corrected in the errata.
  28. Originally "mouendolo", but corrected in the errata.
  29. Originally "diuersi", but corrected in the errata.
  30. Originally "dentro la spada", but corrected in the errata.
  31. Originally "andere", but corrected in the errata.
  32. Originally "richede", but corrected in the errata.
  33. Originally "in suoi", but corrected in the errata.
  34. Originally "della", but corrected in the errata.
  35. Originally "la dette", but corrected in the errata.
  36. Originally "è passare", but corrected in the errata.
  37. The errata adds "l’".
  38. Originally "farmarsi", but corrected in the errata. The errata says it should be on page 232, but this is the only instance of the word in the book.
  39. Originally "sforza", but corrected in the errata. The errata says it should be on page 241, but this is the only instance of the word on the correct line.
  40. Should be 183.
  41. Originally "ineguale", but corrected in the errata.