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Difference between revisions of "Joachim Meyer"

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{|  
 
{|  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| High Cut || Middle Cut || Boch Cut
+
| High Cut  || Middle Cut  || Boch Cut
 
|-  
 
|-  
| Low Cut || Whacker || Failer Cut
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| Low Cut  || Whacker  || Failer Cut
 
|-  
 
|-  
| Wrath Cut || Buzzer Cut || Short Cut
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| Wrath Cut  || Buzzer Cut  || Short Cut
 
|-  
 
|-  
| Crooked Cut || Wind Cut || Swinger Cut
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| Crooked Cut  || Wind Cut  || Swinger Cut
 
|}
 
|}
  
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<p>He who stands before you in the Bow, now may you not be unmindful of striking to his advantage, thus he makes you rush while he after is not weakened, so do to him now thus, when one stands before you in the Bow, thus cut him the first through his Bow not that you would, but rather, with it you cut him where he is open, when he goes out to cut. and when he has cut, then you must suppress or ground his strike with a High Cut, as soon as you have cut the first the second is taken, then cut the third long after.</p>
 
<p>He who stands before you in the Bow, now may you not be unmindful of striking to his advantage, thus he makes you rush while he after is not weakened, so do to him now thus, when one stands before you in the Bow, thus cut him the first through his Bow not that you would, but rather, with it you cut him where he is open, when he goes out to cut. and when he has cut, then you must suppress or ground his strike with a High Cut, as soon as you have cut the first the second is taken, then cut the third long after.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 51v.jpg|4|lbl=51v.4}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 51v.jpg|4|lbl=51v.4}}
 +
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{{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 52v.jpg|1|lbl=52v.1}}
  
 
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|-  
 
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|  
 
| <p>'''Item''' Go at him with a cut and displace his strong cut with the Bow from under, the third, cut him after to the Openings, if he cuts, however without strength, then take his cut with a Suppressing strike and cut after to the next opening.</p>
 
| <p>'''Item''' Go at him with a cut and displace his strong cut with the Bow from under, the third, cut him after to the Openings, if he cuts, however without strength, then take his cut with a Suppressing strike and cut after to the next opening.</p>
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| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 52v.jpg|2|lbl=52v.2}}
  
 
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|-  
 
|  
 
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| <p>'''Item''' Take note when he goes out to strike, thus cut him after besides his hilt to the face and that must happen, while he has his Dussack in the air to strike.</p>
 
| <p>'''Item''' Take note when he goes out to strike, thus cut him after besides his hilt to the face and that must happen, while he has his Dussack in the air to strike.</p>
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| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 53r.jpg|1|lbl=53r.1}}
  
 
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|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| <p>'''Item''' Cut him a Buffalo Cut, as soon as he cuts after, thus displace and cut after him through to his forward limb and come quickly again in the displacing.</p>
 
| <p>'''Item''' Cut him a Buffalo Cut, as soon as he cuts after, thus displace and cut after him through to his forward limb and come quickly again in the displacing.</p>
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| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 53r.jpg|2|lbl=53r.2}}
  
 
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|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| <p>'''Item''' Cut him initially a long High Cut to his head near by his hilt and allow this quickly to run off besides his right, and cut a long cut after to his face, and the two cuts should go hand in hand.</p>
 
| <p>'''Item''' Cut him initially a long High Cut to his head near by his hilt and allow this quickly to run off besides his right, and cut a long cut after to his face, and the two cuts should go hand in hand.</p>
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| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 53r.jpg|3|lbl=53r.3}}
  
 
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<p>If you encounter one who is in the Slice how this figure shows, thus step and cut from your right Crooked under his right arm through so that you connect near his knuckles with the crooked point, the other take him strongly away with the flat upwards through his right arm from your left, so that your weapon again flies around your head, with this thrust over his right arm to the face, if he defends this, thus cut him to the face.</p>
 
<p>If you encounter one who is in the Slice how this figure shows, thus step and cut from your right Crooked under his right arm through so that you connect near his knuckles with the crooked point, the other take him strongly away with the flat upwards through his right arm from your left, so that your weapon again flies around your head, with this thrust over his right arm to the face, if he defends this, thus cut him to the face.</p>
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| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 53r.jpg|4|lbl=53r.4}}
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 +
{{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 53v.jpg|1|lbl=53v.1}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <p>'''Item''' In the onset cut in with Long edge strongly through his face, so that your Dussack again shoots over your head athwart to the displacement from your right, step instantly and quickly with your left around his right and cut him Crooked over his right arm to the head if he defends, thus cut him forwards to the face or cut him Crooked to the left at the head.</p>
 
| <p>'''Item''' In the onset cut in with Long edge strongly through his face, so that your Dussack again shoots over your head athwart to the displacement from your right, step instantly and quickly with your left around his right and cut him Crooked over his right arm to the head if he defends, thus cut him forwards to the face or cut him Crooked to the left at the head.</p>
 
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|  
 +
{{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 53v.jpg|2|lbl=53v.2|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 54v.jpg|1|lbl=54v.1|p=1}}
  
 
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Line 1,562: Line 1,567:
  
 
<p>'''Item''' If you encounter one who is in the Slice or Straight Parrying how this figure shows. Thus send yourself in the Middle Guard to your left side and throw at him your crooked edge from outside over his right arm and Pull the Long edge to your left, through his face, if he defends this, and he drives above you thus cut before him long to the face.</p>
 
<p>'''Item''' If you encounter one who is in the Slice or Straight Parrying how this figure shows. Thus send yourself in the Middle Guard to your left side and throw at him your crooked edge from outside over his right arm and Pull the Long edge to your left, through his face, if he defends this, and he drives above you thus cut before him long to the face.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 54v.jpg|2|lbl=54v.2}}
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 +
|-
 +
| <p>'''Item''' Mark when you encounter one who is in Straight parrying or in the Slice thus come in the ''Zufechten'' into the Side Guard on your left side, throw the Half edge over his right arm to his face, the second proceeds from under with the Long edge through his face. The third a Middel Cut after from your right, if one defends these thrown strikes, thus cut nimbly to the face.</p>
 
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 +
{{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 54v.jpg|3|lbl=54v.3|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 55v.jpg|1|lbl=55v.1|p=1}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| <p>'''Item''' Mark when you encounter one who is in Straight parrying or in the Slice thus come in the ''Zufechten'' into the Side Guard on your left side, throw the Half edge over his right arm to his face, the second proceeds from under with the Long edge through his face. The third a Middel Cut after from your right, if one defends these thrown strikes, thus cut nimbly to the face But if one cuts to you when you thus stand in the Side Guard so take away the strike from your left with the Flat Instantly step with the left foot to his right side and thrust him over his right arm to the face, cut quickly after through his face or to the Next opening.</p>
 
 
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 +
| <p>But if one cuts to you when you thus stand in the Side Guard so take away the strike from your left with the Flat Instantly step with the left foot to his right side and thrust him over his right arm to the face, cut quickly after through his face or to the Next opening.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 55v.jpg|2|lbl=55v.2}}
  
 
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|-  
Line 1,573: Line 1,584:
  
 
<p>The first is a taking out from your left and a winding out with the Flat, the other is a Strong cut from your left through his face with the Long edge with a twofold strike through the Cross.</p>
 
<p>The first is a taking out from your left and a winding out with the Flat, the other is a Strong cut from your left through his face with the Long edge with a twofold strike through the Cross.</p>
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| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 55v.jpg|3|lbl=55v.3}}
  
 
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|-  
Line 1,580: Line 1,591:
  
 
<p>Mark in ''Zufechten'' you come into the Slice, allow him not too close to you as soon as he would strike to you, thus pull under his strike, through to your left side avoid his striking through and cut quickly from your left, over his right arm, two high strikes to the head with this you go twice to him.</p>
 
<p>Mark in ''Zufechten'' you come into the Slice, allow him not too close to you as soon as he would strike to you, thus pull under his strike, through to your left side avoid his striking through and cut quickly from your left, over his right arm, two high strikes to the head with this you go twice to him.</p>
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| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 56r.jpg|1|lbl=56r.1}}
  
 
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|-  
Line 1,587: Line 1,598:
  
 
<p>Item In the ''Zufechten'' cut him from above outside his right arm, (go) under and through him, so that your Dussack comes around again in a Circle above your head, let it low and nimbly run out next to your left, cut him from your right to his face.</p>
 
<p>Item In the ''Zufechten'' cut him from above outside his right arm, (go) under and through him, so that your Dussack comes around again in a Circle above your head, let it low and nimbly run out next to your left, cut him from your right to his face.</p>
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| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 56r.jpg|2|lbl=56r.2}}
  
 
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|-  
 
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| <p>'''Item''' Thrust him outside from over his right arm going under and through so that your Dussack again comes outside over his Arm grab with your left hand over your right arm on your incoming blade by the hilt, Pull to you, and to your right side, thus you have taken his Dussack.</p>
 
| <p>'''Item''' Thrust him outside from over his right arm going under and through so that your Dussack again comes outside over his Arm grab with your left hand over your right arm on your incoming blade by the hilt, Pull to you, and to your right side, thus you have taken his Dussack.</p>
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| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 56v.jpg|1|lbl=56v.1}}
  
 
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|-  
Line 1,599: Line 1,610:
  
 
<p>Mark when you can come close to him and both of you are standing high in the displacement, thus cut from his right corner, fail with a circle, and then as soon as he witnesses this failing and will strike, then cut him beside the hilt to the head.</p>
 
<p>Mark when you can come close to him and both of you are standing high in the displacement, thus cut from his right corner, fail with a circle, and then as soon as he witnesses this failing and will strike, then cut him beside the hilt to the head.</p>
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| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 56v.jpg|2|lbl=56v.2}}
  
 
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Line 1,605: Line 1,616:
 
| <p>'''Item''' When one cuts to you, thus yield with your displacement and allow his cut to fall, step and cut from outside as soon as his right arm falls through, then next through his face. See that you are nimble again in displacing.</p>
 
| <p>'''Item''' When one cuts to you, thus yield with your displacement and allow his cut to fall, step and cut from outside as soon as his right arm falls through, then next through his face. See that you are nimble again in displacing.</p>
 
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 +
{{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 56v.jpg|3|lbl=56v.3|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 57r.jpg|1|lbl=57r.1|p=1}}
  
 
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Line 1,611: Line 1,623:
  
 
<p>Cut him outside his left arm fail through that your Dussack comes to your low left side, as soon as he cuts, then cut with him together, ahead of the line to his face, step with the left well on his right.</p>
 
<p>Cut him outside his left arm fail through that your Dussack comes to your low left side, as soon as he cuts, then cut with him together, ahead of the line to his face, step with the left well on his right.</p>
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| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 57r.jpg|2|lbl=57r.2}}
  
 
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| <p>'''Item''' Cut him failing through from outside his arm like before then next take him away with the Flat from your left through his right so that your Dussack flies above, step and cut ''Indes'' two wind strikes to his face, one into the other from your left to his right.</p>
 
| <p>'''Item''' Cut him failing through from outside his arm like before then next take him away with the Flat from your left through his right so that your Dussack flies above, step and cut ''Indes'' two wind strikes to his face, one into the other from your left to his right.</p>
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| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 57r.jpg|3|lbl=57r.3}}
  
 
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Line 1,623: Line 1,635:
  
 
<p>Mark when you find someone in left Wrath Guard how this figure shows, thus come into Steer and thrust him to the face with displacing, that he must defend, thus cut him nimbly through the face the other is a High strike to the head.</p>
 
<p>Mark when you find someone in left Wrath Guard how this figure shows, thus come into Steer and thrust him to the face with displacing, that he must defend, thus cut him nimbly through the face the other is a High strike to the head.</p>
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| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 57v.jpg|1|lbl=57v.1}}
  
 
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Line 1,630: Line 1,642:
 
<p>Mark thus in ''Zufechten'' that you come into the Steer against the left Wrath or a similar guard, thus cut the first Crooked in from your right from below with a step to, through to his left side the other also from your right from above so that your Dussack shoots around from your left, over your head, into the Plunge, instantly cut hard with the Long edge from your lower left through the Scalp Line, and then a Middle Cut after or step with displacing to him.</p>
 
<p>Mark thus in ''Zufechten'' that you come into the Steer against the left Wrath or a similar guard, thus cut the first Crooked in from your right from below with a step to, through to his left side the other also from your right from above so that your Dussack shoots around from your left, over your head, into the Plunge, instantly cut hard with the Long edge from your lower left through the Scalp Line, and then a Middle Cut after or step with displacing to him.</p>
 
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 +
{{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 57v.jpg|2|lbl=57v.2|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 58v.jpg|1|lbl=58v.1|p=1}}
  
 
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Line 1,636: Line 1,649:
  
 
<p>If you are approached by one who is in the Slice, thus step and cut Crooked from your right under and through his right arm so that you connect on his knuckles with the crooked point, the other, take him out strongly from your left with the Flat over his right arm, so that your weapon again flies around over your head and with your cut going over his right arm to his face, if he defends this, thus cut him to the face.</p>
 
<p>If you are approached by one who is in the Slice, thus step and cut Crooked from your right under and through his right arm so that you connect on his knuckles with the crooked point, the other, take him out strongly from your left with the Flat over his right arm, so that your weapon again flies around over your head and with your cut going over his right arm to his face, if he defends this, thus cut him to the face.</p>
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| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 58v.jpg|2|lbl=58v.2}}
  
 
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Line 1,643: Line 1,656:
  
 
<p>Item When you have warded a strike twice, thus catch his strike in the air on the Bow, ''Indes'' wrench with the short edge from below, to your right through his displacement, then at once Cut Crosswise through his face.</p>
 
<p>Item When you have warded a strike twice, thus catch his strike in the air on the Bow, ''Indes'' wrench with the short edge from below, to your right through his displacement, then at once Cut Crosswise through his face.</p>
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| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 59r.jpg|1|lbl=59r.1}}
  
 
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Line 1,650: Line 1,663:
  
 
<p>Mark when one strikes over, Crooked to your head, thus set him off with your slice, from your right, grab with your left hand over your right down onto his right hand by the joints and drive with your hilt from under and break upwards.</p>
 
<p>Mark when one strikes over, Crooked to your head, thus set him off with your slice, from your right, grab with your left hand over your right down onto his right hand by the joints and drive with your hilt from under and break upwards.</p>
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| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 59r.jpg|2|lbl=59r.2}}
  
 
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Line 1,658: Line 1,671:
 
<p>Or when you thus have caught one's hand as described above, then heave upwards and go through under his right, stoop down to the ground and grab with your right hand and your Dussack around behind his Leg, how you may do in all Grabbing, heave upwards, thus he falls on his head.</p>
 
<p>Or when you thus have caught one's hand as described above, then heave upwards and go through under his right, stoop down to the ground and grab with your right hand and your Dussack around behind his Leg, how you may do in all Grabbing, heave upwards, thus he falls on his head.</p>
 
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 +
{{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 59r.jpg|3|lbl=59r.3|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 59v.jpg|1|lbl=59v.1|p=1}}
  
 
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| <p>'''Item''' Note in the ''Zufechten'', that you come with the left foot forwards hold the Dussack besides your right, grab the handle well so that you have the Dussack Crooked, ''Indes'' step cut then Crooked over his Bow Line, wrench downwards to your left side, step out with your right behind his right Strike then outside over his right arm to the face or to his left with a step out.</p>
 
| <p>'''Item''' Note in the ''Zufechten'', that you come with the left foot forwards hold the Dussack besides your right, grab the handle well so that you have the Dussack Crooked, ''Indes'' step cut then Crooked over his Bow Line, wrench downwards to your left side, step out with your right behind his right Strike then outside over his right arm to the face or to his left with a step out.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 59v.jpg|2|lbl=59v.2}}
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|-
 
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| <p>'''Item''' Mark thus when you stand in right Wrath Guard, thus step and cut the first from under through his left, the second also from under through his right, both Crooked, the third, from above through his left, the fourth also from above through his right so that your Dussack again stays over your head in the Plunge, the fifth a Middel Cut through his left, the sixth a High Cut.</p>
 +
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 +
{{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 59v.jpg|3|lbl=59v.3|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 60r.jpg|1|lbl=60r.1|p=1}}
  
 
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| <p>'''Item''' Mark thus when you stand in right Wrath Guard, thus step and cut the first from under through his left, the second also from under through his right, both Crooked, the third, from above through his left, the fourth also from above through his right so that your Dussack again stays over your head in the Plunge, the fifth a Middel Cut through his left, the sixth a High Cut, In ''Zufechten'' cut from your lower left, out to his right arm, as soon as he clashes, then thrust into his face, if he parries that, thus grab his Dussack in the Middle and take him downwards to your left side.</p>
+
| <p>In ''Zufechten'' cut from your lower left, out to his right arm, as soon as he clashes, then thrust into his face, if he parries that, thus grab his Dussack in the Middle and take him downwards to your left side.</p>
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+
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 60r.jpg|2|lbl=60r.2}}
  
 
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Line 1,675: Line 1,695:
 
<p>Mark thus when you come close together, then work him high over his displacement firstly with a Crooked Cut over his displacement to the left ear.</p>
 
<p>Mark thus when you come close together, then work him high over his displacement firstly with a Crooked Cut over his displacement to the left ear.</p>
 
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 +
{{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 60r.jpg|3|lbl=60r.3|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 60v.jpg|1|lbl=60v.1|p=1}}
  
 
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| <p>'''Item''' If he displaces you, thus cut a Crooked Cut outside and over his right arm to the right ear If he displaces once again, thus cut Crooked under his arm to the face. The Fourth strike is a Thwart strike to his left ear from under with the long edge so that your hilt is well gripped, in these four strikes you should always be high with the hilt, above your head to the displacing.</p>
 
| <p>'''Item''' If he displaces you, thus cut a Crooked Cut outside and over his right arm to the right ear If he displaces once again, thus cut Crooked under his arm to the face. The Fourth strike is a Thwart strike to his left ear from under with the long edge so that your hilt is well gripped, in these four strikes you should always be high with the hilt, above your head to the displacing.</p>
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+
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 60v.jpg|2|lbl=60v.2}}
  
 
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|-  
| [[File:MS A.4º.2 61r.jpg|400px|center]]
+
| rowspan="2" | [[File:MS A.4º.2 61r.jpg|400px|center]]
| <p>'''Follow Several Good Rules from the Fencing in Bow (Bogen)'''</p>
+
| <p>'''Follow Several Good Rules from the Fencing in Bow'''<br/><br/></p>
  
 
<p>The first Rule is when someone strikes to you from the Bow, thus step with your left foot behind you right and follow with to his left and have instantly let your haft go above you Then when his strike clashes on your weapon Hoist the weapon(s) through his face, so that your Dussack flies above your head step and cut outside from your left over his right arm from this Rule are many nimble Lists to use with deception.</p>
 
<p>The first Rule is when someone strikes to you from the Bow, thus step with your left foot behind you right and follow with to his left and have instantly let your haft go above you Then when his strike clashes on your weapon Hoist the weapon(s) through his face, so that your Dussack flies above your head step and cut outside from your left over his right arm from this Rule are many nimble Lists to use with deception.</p>
 
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 +
{{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 60v.jpg|3|lbl=60v.3|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 61v.jpg|1|lbl=61v.1|p=1}}
  
 
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|
 
 
| <p>The Second Rule is thus when one strikes to you from above, thus drive with the Bow upwards against his strike, wind out his strike to your left side, thus come with your Dussack on your left shoulder wind after likewise with your Body and Dussack to your left side ''Indes'' step nimbly again to him and cut him outside over his right arm, pull the hilt nimbly upward to you and strike him through the face.</p>
 
| <p>The Second Rule is thus when one strikes to you from above, thus drive with the Bow upwards against his strike, wind out his strike to your left side, thus come with your Dussack on your left shoulder wind after likewise with your Body and Dussack to your left side ''Indes'' step nimbly again to him and cut him outside over his right arm, pull the hilt nimbly upward to you and strike him through the face.</p>
 
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 +
{{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 61v.jpg|2|lbl=61v.2|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 62r.jpg|1|lbl=62r.1|p=1}}
  
 
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| <p>The Third Rule is thus; When one would cut to you, thus Note however that you are not too close, and that you move out from his Cut, then Pull your weapon upwards to you and yield your forward foot back to the rear foot and out from his cut, and take then his strike with out displacing, as soon as his strike falls to the ground, so follow with a cut and with a step to him. Thus the attacker has been attacked instead.</p>
 
| <p>The Third Rule is thus; When one would cut to you, thus Note however that you are not too close, and that you move out from his Cut, then Pull your weapon upwards to you and yield your forward foot back to the rear foot and out from his cut, and take then his strike with out displacing, as soon as his strike falls to the ground, so follow with a cut and with a step to him. Thus the attacker has been attacked instead.</p>
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+
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 62r.jpg|2|lbl=62r.2}}
  
 
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| <p>The Fourth Rule, Mark then when one is weak to you on your Dussack thus drive out and cut a Buzzer from your right to his arm.</p>
 
| <p>The Fourth Rule, Mark then when one is weak to you on your Dussack thus drive out and cut a Buzzer from your right to his arm.</p>
|  
+
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 62r.jpg|3|lbl=62r.3}}
  
 
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Line 1,707: Line 1,729:
 
| <p>'''Item''' When one strikes to you on the strong, so wind the point upwards against his Dussack and wind in on his weak on your right side and cut to him a Buzzer from your left outwards to his arm or cut the Quick Cut. These are four good rules the better to mark, when you are Fighting in the Bow.</p>
 
| <p>'''Item''' When one strikes to you on the strong, so wind the point upwards against his Dussack and wind in on his weak on your right side and cut to him a Buzzer from your left outwards to his arm or cut the Quick Cut. These are four good rules the better to mark, when you are Fighting in the Bow.</p>
 
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 +
{{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 62r.jpg|4|lbl=62r.4|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 62v.jpg|1|lbl=62v.1|p=1}}
  
 
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|-  
Line 1,714: Line 1,737:
 
<p>Firstly mark when you meet one who is in the Bow, so send yourself into the Changer to your left, the right foot forwards, Step and thrust from under his displacement to the face or chest as soon as you find that you are in the After, so drive instantly and nimbly out with your hilt before the head and remain with the Point at his Body so that he must defend or strike, thus have care as soon as he goes on to strike, then step to his left and strike him besides his displacement line, this ''Stück'' is often on going how it is seen here in the Bow and Changer.</p>
 
<p>Firstly mark when you meet one who is in the Bow, so send yourself into the Changer to your left, the right foot forwards, Step and thrust from under his displacement to the face or chest as soon as you find that you are in the After, so drive instantly and nimbly out with your hilt before the head and remain with the Point at his Body so that he must defend or strike, thus have care as soon as he goes on to strike, then step to his left and strike him besides his displacement line, this ''Stück'' is often on going how it is seen here in the Bow and Changer.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 +
{{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 62v.jpg|2|lbl=62v.2|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 63r.jpg|1|lbl=63r.1|p=1}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| <p>'''Item''' If you are a Strong man, so come into Changer like before, cut his forward held Bow with the Half edge from under and away from you, cut nimbly after to the face.</p>
 
| <p>'''Item''' If you are a Strong man, so come into Changer like before, cut his forward held Bow with the Half edge from under and away from you, cut nimbly after to the face.</p>
|  
+
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 63r.jpg|2|lbl=63r.2}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| <p>'''Mark''' when one will wrench your Bow upwards, how it is taught next, thus wind out his wrenching to your left side with the hilt underneath, ''Indes'' cut nimbly and likewise with a line to the face, step out from his strike.</p>
 
| <p>'''Mark''' when one will wrench your Bow upwards, how it is taught next, thus wind out his wrenching to your left side with the hilt underneath, ''Indes'' cut nimbly and likewise with a line to the face, step out from his strike.</p>
|  
+
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 63r.jpg|3|lbl=63r.3}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 1,729: Line 1,753:
 
| <p>'''Mark''' when one however thrusts to your face, under your displacement line, how you were taught above, thus wind the thrust out, therewith you make open your face, as soon as he strikes to your opening, so drive under his strike close by his hand, between the both of your hands, and thrust him in the face with your hilt.</p>
 
| <p>'''Mark''' when one however thrusts to your face, under your displacement line, how you were taught above, thus wind the thrust out, therewith you make open your face, as soon as he strikes to your opening, so drive under his strike close by his hand, between the both of your hands, and thrust him in the face with your hilt.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 +
{{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 63r.jpg|4|lbl=63r.4|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 63v.jpg|1|lbl=63v.1|p=1}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 1,734: Line 1,759:
 
| <p>'''Breaking in above the Bow'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Breaking in above the Bow'''</p>
  
<p>Mark in the ''Zufechten'' that you come with the left foot forwards, hold your Dussack beside your right, grip your handle well that you have your Dussack Crooked, instantly Step, cut Crooked over his Bow Line, wrench downwards to your left side, step out with your right around to his right, Strike then outside above his right arm high above to the head, wherein cut the next Crooked under his right arm to the face or to his left, with a step out. E .</p>
+
<p>Mark in the ''Zufechten'' that you come with the left foot forwards, hold your Dussack beside your right, grip your handle well that you have your Dussack Crooked, instantly Step, cut Crooked over his Bow Line, wrench downwards to your left side, step out with your right around to his right, Strike then outside above his right arm high above to the head, wherein cut the next Crooked under his right arm to the face or to his left, with a step out.</p>
|  
+
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 63v.jpg|2|lbl=63v.2}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| <p>'''Item''' When you cut outside over his right arm diagonally, how it is mentioned above, and he Drives high above you, thus step nimbly out and cut on the Crooked Line to his face.</p>
 
| <p>'''Item''' When you cut outside over his right arm diagonally, how it is mentioned above, and he Drives high above you, thus step nimbly out and cut on the Crooked Line to his face.</p>
|  
+
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 63v.jpg|3|lbl=63v.3}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 1,747: Line 1,772:
  
 
<p>'''Item''' grab around the grip so that you have the Dussack crooked, how it is reported above. Thus Cut a wide springing high strike from your right, over the hands and over his Bow Line so that your right side comes well to his left side, throw a strike at him in a squint again from below through the Low Line to his face so that your hand remains high, cut nimbly a Short Cut.</p>
 
<p>'''Item''' grab around the grip so that you have the Dussack crooked, how it is reported above. Thus Cut a wide springing high strike from your right, over the hands and over his Bow Line so that your right side comes well to his left side, throw a strike at him in a squint again from below through the Low Line to his face so that your hand remains high, cut nimbly a Short Cut.</p>
|  
+
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 63v.jpg|4|lbl=63v.4}}
 +
 
 +
{{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 64r.jpg|1|lbl=64r.1}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| <p>'''Item''' When one stays in the Bow and allows his Dussack to hang downwards thus step and cut through from your right to the weak of his Dussack beneath his arm so that your Dussack comes out to your left side, ''Indes'' with the flat above his arm away from your left and cut long after to the opening by his oncoming hand.</p>
 
| <p>'''Item''' When one stays in the Bow and allows his Dussack to hang downwards thus step and cut through from your right to the weak of his Dussack beneath his arm so that your Dussack comes out to your left side, ''Indes'' with the flat above his arm away from your left and cut long after to the opening by his oncoming hand.</p>
|  
+
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 64r.jpg|2|lbl=64r.2}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 1,759: Line 1,786:
  
 
<p>The first Driving is thus, stay with the right foot forwards and then High strike and Low strike together so that the Dussack always flies around over your head to the Plunge.</p>
 
<p>The first Driving is thus, stay with the right foot forwards and then High strike and Low strike together so that the Dussack always flies around over your head to the Plunge.</p>
|  
+
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 64v.jpg|1|lbl=64v.1}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 1,766: Line 1,793:
  
 
<p>Stand with the right foot forward as in the above driving, cut from your left Shoulder over your right leg to the Opponent, through the right Strike Line from under and over together strongly through his face.</p>
 
<p>Stand with the right foot forward as in the above driving, cut from your left Shoulder over your right leg to the Opponent, through the right Strike Line from under and over together strongly through his face.</p>
|  
+
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 64v.jpg|2|lbl=64v.2}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 1,773: Line 1,800:
  
 
<p>Stand as before, Drive the Middle Cuts together through the Middle Line from the right and left.</p>
 
<p>Stand as before, Drive the Middle Cuts together through the Middle Line from the right and left.</p>
|  
+
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 64v.jpg|3|lbl=64v.3}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 1,780: Line 1,807:
  
 
<p>Is the Cross from above, together drive hard on the opponent's line.</p>
 
<p>Is the Cross from above, together drive hard on the opponent's line.</p>
|  
+
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 64v.jpg|4|lbl=64v.4}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 1,787: Line 1,814:
  
 
<p>This is two Low Cuts through the Cross, done together from under with the flat.</p>
 
<p>This is two Low Cuts through the Cross, done together from under with the flat.</p>
|  
+
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 65r.jpg|1|lbl=65r.1}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 1,794: Line 1,821:
  
 
<p>Is the Double Changer, a choice cut, usually a hard one like from a battlesword. It is done thus:</p>
 
<p>Is the Double Changer, a choice cut, usually a hard one like from a battlesword. It is done thus:</p>
|  
+
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 65r.jpg|2|lbl=65r.2}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>Stand with the right foot forward and strike the first cut from your upper right and through the opponent's Strong Left Line, thus you come into the left Changer, wrench (cut) with the half edge again from under through the same Line, through which you are familiar with, and in the air change and cut from above from your left through his right Strike Line over to your right strongly, thus come to defense of your lower right side, then drive upwards through the same line you were just on, and change again in the air and cut then from your right through the opponents Left Line. E .</p>
+
| <p>Stand with the right foot forward and strike the first cut from your upper right and through the opponent's Strong Left Line, thus you come into the left Changer, wrench (cut) with the half edge again from under through the same Line, through which you are familiar with, and in the air change and cut from above from your left through his right Strike Line over to your right strongly, thus come to defense of your lower right side, then drive upwards through the same line you were just on, and change again in the air and cut then from your right through the opponents Left Line.</p>
|  
+
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 65r.jpg|3|lbl=65r.3}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| class="noline" |  
 
| class="noline" |  
| class="noline" | <p>Diligently cut the strikes once or more, one after another always through a line, twice namely once from above and again from below with the short edge, thus with this changing you can break the guards and strikes. E.</p>
+
| class="noline" | <p>Diligently cut the strikes once or more, one after another always through a line, twice namely once from above and again from below with the short edge, thus with this changing you can break the guards and strikes.</p>
 
| class="noline" |  
 
| class="noline" |  
 +
{{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 65r.jpg|4|lbl=65r.4|p=1}} {{paget|Page:MS A.4º.2|65v|jpg|p=1}}
  
 
|}
 
|}

Revision as of 19:53, 29 March 2024

Joachim Meyer
Born ca. 1537
Basel, Germany
Died 24 February 1571 (aged 34)
Schwerin, Germany
Spouse(s) Appolonia Ruhlman
Occupation
Citizenship Strasbourg
Patron
  • Georg Johann Ⅰ
  • Heinrich von Eberst
Movement Freifechter
Influences
Influenced
Genres Fencing manual
Language Early New High German
Notable work(s) Gründtliche Beschreibung der... Kunst des
Fechtens
(1570)
Manuscript(s)
First printed
english edition
Forgeng, 2006
Concordance by Michael Chidester
Translations
Signature Joachim Meyer sig.jpg

Joachim Meyer (ca. 1537 - 1571)[1] was a 16th century German cutler, Freifechter, and fencing master. He was the last major figure in the tradition of the German grand master Johannes Liechtenauer, and in the later years of his life he devised at least four distinct and quite extensive fencing manuals. Meyer's writings incorporate both the traditional Germanic technical syllabus and contemporary systems that he encountered in his travels, including Italian rapier fencing. In addition to his fencing practice, Meyer was a Burgher and a master cutler.[2]

Meyer was born in Basel,[3] where he presumably apprenticed as a cutler. He writes in his books that he traveled widely in his youth, most likely a reference to the traditional Walz that journeyman craftsmen were required to take before being eligible for mastery and membership in a guild. Journeymen were often sent to stand watch and participate in town and city militias (a responsibility that would have been amplified for the warlike cutlers' guild), and Meyer learned a great deal about foreign fencing systems during his travels. It's been speculated by some fencing historians that he trained specifically in the Bolognese school of fencing, but this doesn't stand up to closer analysis.[4]

Records show that by 4 June 1560 he had settled in Strasbourg, where he married Appolonia Ruhlman (Ruelman)[1] and was granted the rank of master cutler. His interests had already moved beyond smithing, however, and in 1561, Meyer's petition to the City Council of Strasbourg for the right to hold a Fechtschule was granted. He would repeat this in 1563, 1566, 1567 and 1568;[5] the 1568 petition is the first extant record in which he identifies himself as a fencing master.

Meyer probably wrote his first manuscript (MS Bibl. 2465) in 1561 for Georg Johann Ⅰ, Count Palatine of Veldenz,[6] and his second (MS A.4º.2) in 1568 for Otto (later Count of Solms-Sonnewalde).[7] Both of these manuscripts contain a series of lessons on training with long sword, dusack, and rapier; the 1561 also covers dagger, polearms, and armored fencing. His third manuscript (MS Var.82), written between 1563 and 1571 and containing a dedication at the end to Heinrich, Count of Eberstein, is of a decidedly different nature. Like many fencing manuscripts from the previous century, it is an anthology of treatises by a number of prominent German masters including Sigmund ain Ringeck, pseudo-Peter von Danzig, and Martin Syber, and also includes a brief outline by Meyer himself on a system of rapier fencing based on German Messer teachings.

Finally, on 24 February 1570, Meyer completed an enormous treatise entitled Gründtliche Beschreibung, der freyen Ritterlichen unnd Adelichen kunst des Fechtens, in allerley gebreuchlichen Wehren, mit vil schönen und nützlichen Figuren gezieret und fürgestellet ("A Thorough Description of the Free, Chivalric, and Noble Art of Fencing, Showing Various Customary Defenses, Affected and Put Forth with Many Handsome and Useful Drawings"); it was dedicated to Johann Casimir, Count Palatine of Simmern,[6] and illustrated at the workshop of Tobias Stimmer.[8] It contains all of the weapons of the 1561 and '68 manuscripts apart from fencing in armor, and dramatically expands his teachings on each.

Unfortunately, Meyer's writing and publication efforts incurred significant debts (about 300 crowns), which Meyer pledged to repay by Christmas of 1571.[1] Late in 1570, Meyer accepted the position of Fechtmeister to Duke Johann Albrecht of Mecklenburg at his court in Schwerin. There Meyer hoped to sell his book for a better price than was offered locally (30 florins). Meyer sent his books ahead to Schwerin, and left from Strasbourg on 4 January 1571 after receiving his pay. He traveled the 800 miles to Schwerin in the middle of a harsh winter, arriving at the court on 10 February 1571. Two weeks later, on 24 February, Joachim Meyer died. The cause of his death is unknown, possibly disease or pneumonia.[5]

Antoni Rulman, Appolonia’s brother, became her legal guardian after Joachim’s death. On 15 May 1571, he had a letter written by the secretary of the Strasbourg city chamber and sent to the Duke of Mecklenburg stating that Antoni was now the widow Meyer’s guardian; it politely reminded the Duke who Joachim Meyer was, Meyer’s publishing efforts and considerable debt, requested that the Duke send Meyer’s personal affects and his books to Appolonia, and attempted to sell some (if not all) of the books to the Duke.[1]

Appolonia remarried in April 1572 to another cutler named Hans Kuele, bestowing upon him the status of Burgher and Meyer's substantial debts. Joachim Meyer and Hans Kuele are both mentioned in the minutes of Cutlers' Guild archives; Kuele may have made an impression if we can judge that fact by the number of times he is mentioned. It is believed that Appolonia and either her husband or her brother were involved with the second printing of his book in 1600. According to other sources, it was reprinted yet again in 1610 and in 1660.[9][10]

Contents

Treatises

Joachim Meyer's writings are preserved in three manuscripts prepared in the 1560s: the 1561 MS Bibl. 2465 (Munich), dedicated to Georg Johannes von Veldenz; the 1563-68 MS A.4º.2 (Lund), dedicated to Otto von Solms; and the MS Var. 82 (Rostock), including notes on teachings from Stephan Heinrich von Eberstein and which Meyer may have still been working at the time of his death in 1571. Dwarfing these works is the massive book he published in 1570 entitled Gründtliche Beschreibung der ...Kunst des Fechtens ("A Thorough Description of the... Art of Fencing"), dedicated to Johann Kasimir von Pfalz-Simmern. Meyer's writings purport to teach the entire art of fencing, something that he claimed had never been done before, and encompass a wide variety of teachings from disparate sources and traditions. To achieve this goal, Meyer seems to have constructed his treatises as a series of progressive lessons, describing a process for learning to fence rather than merely outlining the underlying theory or listing the techniques. In keeping with this, he illustrates his techniques with depictions of fencers in courtyards using training weapons such as two-handed foils, wooden dusacks, and rapiers with ball tips.

The first section of Meyer's treatise is devoted to the long sword (the sword in two hands), which he describes as the foundational weapon of his system, and this section devotes the most space to fundamentals like stance and footwork. His long sword system draws upon the teachings of Freifechter Andre Paurenfeyndt (via Christian Egenolff's reprint) and Liechtenauer glossators Sigmund ain Ringeck and Lew, as well as using terminology otherwise unique to the brief Recital of Martin Syber. Not content merely to compile these teachings as his contemporary Paulus Hector Mair was doing, Meyer sought to update—even reinvent—them in various ways to fit the martial climate of the late sixteenth century, including adapting many techniques to accommodate the increased momentum of a greatsword and modifying others to use beats with the flat and winding slices in place of thrusts to comply with street-fighting laws in German cities (and the rules of the Fechtschule).

The second section of Meyer's treatises is designed to address new weapons gaining traction in German lands, the dusack and the rapier, and thereby find places for them in the German tradition. His early Lund manuscript presents a more summarized syllabus of techniques for these weapons, while his printed book goes into greater depth and is structured more in the fashion of lesson plans.[11] Meyer's dusack system, designed for the broad proto-sabers that spread into German lands from Eastern Europe in the 16th century,[12] combines the old Messer teachings of Johannes Lecküchner and the dusack teachings of Andre Paurenfeyndt with other unknown systems (some have speculated that they might include early Polish or Hungarian saber systems). His rapier system, designed for the lighter single-hand swords spreading north from Iberian and Italian lands, seems again to be a hybrid creation, integrating both the core teachings of the 15th century Liechtenauer tradition as well as components that are characteristic of the various regional Mediterranean fencing systems (including, perhaps, teachings derived from the treatise of Achille Marozzo). Interestingly, Meyer's rapier teachings in the Rostock seem to represent an attempt to unify these two weapon system, outlining a method for rapier fencing that includes key elements of his dusack teachings; it is unclear why this method did not appear in his book, but given the dates it may be that they represent his last musings on the weapon, written in the time between the completion of his book in 1570 and his death a year later.

The third section of Meyer's treatise is omitted in the Lund manuscript but present in the Munich and the 1570, and covers dagger, wrestling, and various pole weapons; to this, the Munich adds several plays of armored fencing. His dagger teachings, designed primarily for urban self-defense, seem to be based in part on the writings of Bolognese master Achille Marozzo,[13] but also include much unique content of unknown origin (perhaps the anonymous dagger teachings in his Rostock manuscript). His staff material makes up the bulk of this section, beginning with the short staff, which, like Paurenfeyndt, he uses as a training tool for various pole weapons (and possibly also the greatsword), and then moving on to the halberd before ending with the long staff (representing the pike). As with the dagger, the sources Meyer based his staff teachings on are largely unknown.

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Additional Resources

The following is a list of publications containing scans, transcriptions, and translations relevant to this article, as well as published peer-reviewed research.

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Dupuis, Olivier. Joachim Meyer, escrimeur libre, bourgeois de Strasbourg (1537 ? - 1571). In Maîtres et techniques de combat. Dijon: AEDEH, 2006.
  2. Naumann, Robert. Serapeum. Vol. 5. T.O. Weigel, 1844. pp 53-59.
  3. According to his wedding certificate.
  4. The influence of Achilles Marozzo's printed treatise is, however, apparent in the rapier illustrations of his 1561 manuscript and the dagger plays in his book.
  5. 5.0 5.1 Van Slambrouck, Christopher. "The Life and Work of Joachim Meyer". Meyer Frei Fechter Guild, 2010. Retrieved 29 January 2010.
  6. 6.0 6.1 Though as a prince of the Wittelsbach dynasty, he was addressed by the loftiest titles held by the family: Count Palatine of the Rhine and Duke of Bavaria.
  7. Norling, Roger. "The history of Joachim Meyer’s fencing treatise to Otto von Solms". Hroarr.com, 2012. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
  8. Whose members included Christoph Maurer and Hans Christoffel Stimmer.
  9. Schaer, Alfred. Die altdeutschen fechter und spielleute: Ein beitrag zur deutschen culturgeschichte. K.J. Trübner, 1901. p 76.
  10. Pollock, W. H., Grove, F. C., and Prévost, C. Fencing. London and Bombay: Longmans, Green, and co, 1897. pp 267-268.
  11. Roberts, James. "System vs Syllabus: Meyer’s 1560 and 1570 sidesword texts". Hroarr.com, 2014. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
  12. Roger Norling. "The Dussack - a weapon of war". Hroarr.com, 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2015.
  13. Norling, Roger. "Meyer and Marozzo dagger comparison". Hroarr.com, 2012. Retrieved 15 February 2015.
  14. 14.0 14.1 14.2 orig. dolchen; all instances of "dagger" in this document are dolchen excepy when footnoted.
  15. orig. ararmschirleinn
  16. orig. stichen, "thrust"/"stab" (context dependent); instances of stabbing that use other verbs will be footnoted.
  17. orig. Armschiene - seemingly a part of the armour
  18. orig. geordinirtt
  19. orig. schießen; see here
  20. orig. findt
  21. orig. spis
  22. orig. schwertt
  23. orig. sebell
  24. 24.0 24.1 orig. kempff degen; it can mean either “combat sword” or “combat dagger” (Source 1, Source 2). See here for a painting with kempffdegen in its caption
  25. 25.0 25.1 orig. Anngreiffen; "attacking" or "grappling"; cf. angreifen
  26. orig. zimlich
  27. alt. "endure"
  28. Ittem has many potential meanings: "further", "likewise", "the same as", and also simply as a means of 'bullet-pointing' numerous items. I've found that "likewise" works as an apt translation most of the time, but for clarity I will leave it untranslated. See this article.
  29. orig. noch eines Idenn woll gefalen
  30. orig. Reren; cf. Rohre/Röhre
  31. orig. lest
  32. orig. Schranckenn
  33. orig. dringen/thringen; refers to pressing one's point into an opponent['s armour/mail], cf. modern sense of "pushing through a crowd". See this glossary for more information
  34. orig. donerschlag; a strike with the hilt of the longsword while holding the blade
  35. orig. vnnd las Inn vorverthobenn; messy ink makes it difficult to transcribe; possible alt. "and read above beforehand"
  36. A blunt strike, as opposed to a cut or slice. See here.
  37. orig. versezen; alt. "parrying"
  38. Unclear.
  39. orig. ansezen; most likely means "pinned", "planted" (in the sense of placing your weapon or hand against an opponent, in a grappling sense); alt. "attacking" (cf. modern ansetzen). See this glossary for more information
  40. orig. erlang
  41. see nachreissen
  42. 42.0 42.1 42.2 42.3 42.4 42.5 42.6 orig. stehenn; often coupled with ansezen in this section; alt. "stand against"
  43. orig. uchsen
  44. orig. Gelenck. Refers to joints in armour, but also body parts - in the context of armoured fencing, it is most likely referring to the joints in the armour
  45. orig. greifest
  46. 46.0 46.1 46.2 46.3 orig. brich
  47. orig. anbrichen
  48. 48.00 48.01 48.02 48.03 48.04 48.05 48.06 48.07 48.08 48.09 48.10 48.11 orig. stos
  49. orig. goch
  50. 50.0 50.1 50.2 50.3 50.4 50.5 50.6 orig. schlag
  51. 51.0 51.1 51.2 see absetzen
  52. orig. drissel; cf. thrissel
  53. orig. schlag dein beidt vnder dein Recht achsell. From interpretation, the word schlag here doesn't make much sense: it's possible that beidt was intended to be said or written as bindt, as in "put your grip under your right shoulder".
  54. orig. Achsell
  55. 55.0 55.1 see Ringen
  56. 56.0 56.1 see arbeiten
  57. 57.0 57.1 57.2 57.3 57.4 57.5 orig. streich, cf. schlag
  58. 58.0 58.1 58.2 58.3 58.4 58.5 58.6 58.7 orig. inndes
  59. alt. "attacks"
  60. orig. last Er dür die seitten
  61. 61.0 61.1 orig. Ring; alt. lists
  62. orig. vergesezsten
  63. 63.0 63.1 63.2 see abzucken
  64. orig. fies
  65. 65.0 65.1 see gleich
  66. unclear transcription; possibly nim, ergo "take the weight"
  67. Unclear.
  68. orig. zwerchs
  69. 69.0 69.1 orig. degen; see kempffdegen
  70. orig. hawen. A cut or slice, as opposed to a blunt strike. See see here.
  71. 71.0 71.1 71.2 orig. bickell; most likely referring to the artificial, "mason's hammer", pickaxe shape of the crossguard in armoured fencing
  72. orig. klos
  73. orig. Stuck
  74. orig. knefftiglich, interpreted as krefftiglich
  75. orig. verfelen - described earlier in 1561 as a feint whereby you wait for your opponent to react to a strike, then change the direction of the strike
  76. orig. entgehenn
  77. orig. faren/auffaren; cf. fahren
  78. originally transcribed as knefftiglich, but krefftiglich (lit. "powerfully") seems more likely, in my opinion
  79. orig. gerecht; possible mistranscription/misspelling of gemecht, lit. "groin" or "genitals"
  80. 80.0 80.1 80.2 orig. las dein bindt fahren, lit. "let your grip drive"; alt. "release your grip and drive"
  81. Possibly "hauberk"(?).
  82. 82.0 82.1 orig. ausnemen; alt. "take out [the blade with a parry]"; "deflect"(?)
  83. orig. verzoblen; cf. verzögern
  84. lit. oben hutt; contrast Oberhutt
  85. orig. heutt; possible verb form of hutt
  86. orig. überwegest
  87. 87.0 87.1 orig. schlagen. Probably means "place" in this context.
  88. orig. sez; no accompanying adposition but I assume he means ansezen
  89. listen
  90. orig. Bundtschlag, lit. "grip strike"
  91. orig. fertt
  92. orig. wie nechst
  93. orig. oder Aber fus gesicht, lit. or but foot face, possible alt. "or his foot or face"
  94. orig. wendt
  95. orig. Reüb
  96. orig. geschmidt, lit. smithed. Possibly misspelling of Geschmeidt, which means "jewellery" - perhaps slang for gemecht ("genitals)".
  97. orig. steßen
  98. orig. abgewünnen
  99. Note that he uses the word degen but seems to refer to the aforementioned "threefold" dagger, which he referred to using the word dolchen.
  100. orig. feder
  101. orig. spietzen
  102. Reference in the left margin to picture on page 61.
  103. orig. auf dz schlos am Rucken; alt. "clasp of the back"
  104. orig. Wappenrock
  105. Unclear whether die refers to the dagger or the heart, here
  106. orig. kurz halbenn; alt. "short edge"
  107. orig. concordiren
  108. This word overwrites an initial die.
  109. The first 10 lines of this paragraph are shorter of 30% than the last four, as if there is a left place here for a picture or a diagram.
  110. The second letter looks a bit like a “b” but it is nonsense. It can be also considered like a small capital “e”.
  111. The first letter corrected from “w” by cancelling the first bow of the letter.
  112. The first letter could also read as an “l", but “b” seems more probable here.
  113. The first letter corrected from “b” by overwriting.
  114. The ink is a bit blurred, particularly in the beginning of the word which results in an ambiguous reading; stucken would be more plausible in this context but does not fit with the appearance of the first couple of letters at all.
  115. The writer first wrote hawst but the “s” has been cancelled afterwards.
  116. Recte: und.
  117. The writer first wrote arms but the final “s” has been cancelled afterwards.
  118. The letter “s” has ben cancelled just before the word den.
  119. Above the letter “i” a large circle is drawn as it is used to mark the letter “u”.
  120. Doubling of the word seitten, considered as a mistake and corrected here as the first finished a line.
  121. Setzen has been written afterwards just under ver- and looks like a catchword; however, the following page does not start with the same word. It could be a mistake of the scribe.
  122. An abbreviation sign at the end of the word tends to signify that it should be expanded to hawen, but it has been cancelled.
  123. The “h” is writen above a “e”.
  124. Unclear reading. The word has been corrected, possibly from zu, which, however, cannot be definitely affirmed.
  125. The words und oder after this word are cancelled.
  126. At this place is a sign that commonly indicates a line break or an end of a paragraph. Here, however, the following text continues in the same line.
  127. The first letter appears to be a cancelled “t”; however the reading remains ambiguous.
  128. The end of this word, sicht is inserted below the line at the right, like a catchword. However, the following written page, fol. 23r, does not start with the same word. Could be a mistake by the scribe or a clue for a missing page.
  129. After this word a large circle is drawn and its only meaning seems to complete the line to the right and avoid a big default in the right alignment.
  130. The letter “d” is cancelled just before the “b” of this word.
  131. The initial letter “b” is written above another letter, maybe a “g”.
  132. This first two letters are written above the letter “k”.
  133. A letter “b” or “l” has been written after this word but has ben cancelled.
  134. The first letter seems to superscribe an initial “I”.
  135. The writer firstly wrote an “m” as a final letter and subsequently cancelled the last leg to get an “n”.
  136. The final letter “t” is written above the line, in replacement for a previously cancelled letter.
  137. This word is written above a previous one, which is unreadable now.
  138. The first letters are difficult to make out due to a (water?) damage.
  139. The first letter of this word has been written above another, now illegible one.
  140. A letter “h” was written in the second position to begin with but cancelled afterwards.
  141. The first letter is curiously composed, but seems to have been readen as a "v".
  142. The second letter has been canceled and corrected by "o" above the line.
  143. The original text is derholhalben derhalben, which seems to be an unnecessary repetition.
  144. Doubling of the word handt, a probable mistake as the first is written a the end of the line. Same mistake as 17r.
  145. Doubling of the words den andern, probable mistake, only it is conserved here.
  146. A lone letter "h" is writen here, perhaps a beginning for “hew”, which was finally written after the digit “4”. Corrected in this edition.
  147. This sentence can be found in the printed book: « und merck wann du zur rechten undern Blöß schlechst, es sey flech, lang oder kurtz » (plate XXIXv from the 1570 edition)
  148. The third letter “h” was cancelled by overwriting it with an “l”.
  149. The letter “a” is crossed out in the beginning of the word.
  150. The first letter was first written in lower case but was corrected with an upper-case letter.
  151. Unclear reading. It appears as if the scribe first intended to write “halber” but noticed his error in the middle of the word. The reverse may be true also.
  152. Corrected from Im, the first stroke of the “m” has been cancelled.
  153. Spitz uber- is clearly copied twice, this is probably an eye-skip.
  154. Corrected on Ⅲ.47v.
  155. Corrected on Ⅲ.47v.
  156. The "st" ligature is inverted.
  157. Typo, should be "wolt, könne".
  158. Originally printed "abzutzest", but corrected on Ⅲ.47v.
  159. Originally printed "verhauren", but corrected on Ⅲ.47v.
  160. The "t" is inverted.
  161. Ⅲ.47v indicates that this was printed "erbangen" and needed to be corrected to "erlangen", but that's not true in any copy available for consult.
  162. Originally printed "mim", but corrected on Ⅲ.47v.
  163. Originally printed "Higur", but corrected on Ⅲ.47v.
  164. Originally printed "Fellen", but corrected on Ⅲ.47v.
  165. Originally printed "gem" (with an inverted g), but corrected on Ⅲ.47v.
  166. Originally printed "allo", but corrected on Ⅲ.47v.
  167. Originally printed "Atm", but corrected on Ⅲ.47v.
  168. The first 't' is inverted.
  169. Terminal 'e' is inverted.
  170. Originally printed "bleiden", but corrected on Ⅲ.47v.
  171. Originally printed "klnie", but corrected on Ⅲ.47v.
  172. Originally printed "duch", but corrected on Ⅲ.47v.
  173. The second "e" is inverted.
  174. Originally printed "fein", but corrected on Ⅲ.47v.
  175. Originally printed "behendig ich", but corrected on Ⅲ.47v.
  176. Misnumbered 87r.
  177. 177.00 177.01 177.02 177.03 177.04 177.05 177.06 177.07 177.08 177.09 177.10 177.11 177.12 177.13 177.14 177.15 177.16 177.17 177.18 177.19 177.20 177.21 177.22 177.23 177.24 177.25 177.26 177.27 177.28 177.29 177.30 177.31 indes
  178. palm up
  179. Illegible deletion.
  180. oberhauw
  181. ‘right’ is originally written, ‘left’ is written above it
  182. short edge
  183. “Degen”, lit. dagger, could either refer to a sword or dagger.
  184. short edge
  185. Unleserliche Streichung. Illegible deletion.
  186. Unleserliche gestrichen Einfügung oberhalb der Zeile. Crossed out illegible insertion above the line.
  187. Die Schlaufe des »h« trägt ein Diärese. The loop of the “h” carries a diaeresis.
  188. Korrigiert aus »mitelhauw«. Corrected from “mitelhauw”.
  189. Leicht unleserlich. Slightly illegible.
  190. Überschriebens »vom«. Overwritten “vom”.
  191. Inserted by means of a special mark.
  192. Word inserted next to the text.
  193. Inserted nest to the text.
  194. Zwei Worte am Seitenrand nachgetragen. Two words inserted at the margin.
  195. Wort am Seitenrand nachgetragen. Word inserted at the margin.