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Difference between revisions of "Joachim Meyer"

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| <p>Item, the sword is further divided in four parts how the figure shows. With the inward part, that is the haft, and (with it) the work with the pommel and cross and haft will be understood, in the next part, thereafter will the work with cutting and pushing and what belongs to the Strong be understood, to the third part of the sword should be noted the alterable work of the Weak and Strong after opportunity and liking. Which alone is extremely weak for you to work properly to the Openings.</p>
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| <p>Item: The sword is further divided in four parts how the figure shows. With the inward part, that is the haft, and (with it) the work with the pommel and cross and haft will be understood, in the next part, thereafter will the work with cutting and pushing and what belongs to the Strong be understood, to the third part of the sword should be noted the alterable work of the Weak and Strong after opportunity and liking. Which alone is extremely weak for you to work properly to the Openings.</p>
 
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| <p>'''Hard and Soft'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Hard and Soft'''</p>
  
<p>Thus you shall mark in the binding of the swords, as you shall feel if he has become hard or soft in the bind, with the cut. Item; If he is yet again, Strong or Weak, and is usually more watchful of the Weak binding before the Strong, how hereafter in the fencing it can be seen.</p>
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<p>Thus you shall mark in the binding of the swords, as you shall feel if he has become hard or soft in the bind, with the cut. Item: If he is yet again, Strong or Weak, and is usually more watchful of the Weak binding before the Strong, how hereafter in the fencing it can be seen.</p>
 
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| <p>'''Wrist Cut'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Wrist Cut'''</p>
  
<p>Item: if one stands in Speak Window and the other is too, or otherwise comes high so that his blade hangs down to the lower left, then cut with a horizontal strike up from below between the pommel or behind the pommel to the hands.</p>
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<p>Item: If one stands in Speak Window and the other is too, or otherwise comes high so that his blade hangs down to the lower left, then cut with a horizontal strike up from below between the pommel or behind the pommel to the hands.</p>
 
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| <p>'''Winding Cut'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Winding Cut'''</p>
  
<p>If one stands before you with outstretched arms in the Long Point, then come in the ''Zufechten'' with the right foot forward, the sword in Hanging Point, Instantly pull around the head and cut with the long edge from the left outside and over his right arm so that your sword appears to swing between his head and sword to his left shoulder, pull back around again to the horizontal cut or Long Point.</p>
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<p>If one stands before you with outstretched arms in the Long Point, then come in the ''Zufechten'' with the right foot forward, the sword in Hanging Point. Instantly pull around the head and cut with the long edge from the left outside and over his right arm so that your sword appears to swing between his head and sword to his left shoulder, pull back around again to the horizontal cut or Long Point.</p>
 
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| <p>'''Remaining'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Remaining'''</p>
  
<p>Is thus understood when one cuts into an opening with the long edge and at once would pull back to himself as if to cut to another opening, but does not, and instead cuts again with the short edge on the same line, that is called remaining, when one remains with cutting on one opening. Item, One remains in the binding of the swords and waits on the next action until he gets his opportunity to work further.</p>
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<p>Is thus understood when one cuts into an opening with the long edge and at once would pull back to himself as if to cut to another opening, but does not, and instead cuts again with the short edge on the same line, that is called remaining, when one remains with cutting on one opening. Item: One remains in the binding of the swords and waits on the next action until he gets his opportunity to work further.</p>
 
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| <p>'''Doubling'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Doubling'''</p>
  
<p>Doubling is when you allow it once or twice to run off, and also to double. Item; One cut done twice or doubled, thus in the approach I cut from my right to his left ear, once it clashes I take it away again, to my right and cut once again inside and halfway through, allowing it to snap in again.</p>
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<p>Doubling is when you allow it once or twice to run off, and also to double. Item: One cut done twice or doubled, thus in the approach I cut from my right to his left ear, once it clashes I take it away again, to my right and cut once again inside and halfway through, allowing it to snap in again.</p>
 
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| <p>'''Deceiving'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Deceiving'''</p>
  
<p>That is when you look at an opening and make as if you would cut there, but you don’t and instead cut somewhere else, this is the second Squinter with the face, Item, the fencer who will willingly parry, or slice away, so there you should work quickly with failing, flying around, circling or looping, so he does not know where to go and gets lost.</p>
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<p>That is when you look at an opening and make as if you would cut there, but you don’t and instead cut somewhere else, this is the second Squinter with the face. Item: The fencer who will willingly parry, or slice away, so there you should work quickly with failing, flying around, circling or looping, so he does not know where to go and gets lost.</p>
 
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| <p>'''Winding'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Winding'''</p>
  
<p>When you have bound with him, then remain with the edge on his blade, turn the half edge inwards to his head. Item when you have thus wound in with the half edge then turn with the pommel again out to the other side upwards and wind the half edge outwards to his head from below through the horizontal.</p>
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<p>When you have bound with him, then remain with the edge on his blade, turn the half edge inwards to his head. Item: When you have thus wound in with the half edge then turn with the pommel again out to the other side upwards and wind the half edge outwards to his head from below through the horizontal.</p>
 
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| <p>'''Hanging'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Hanging'''</p>
  
<p>Hanging is various, namely to constrain while hanging over, Item; stand in Plow if one strikes at you, then drive up with the arms and catch the strike on the flat of your blade on the Strong, that is Hanging.</p>
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<p>Hanging is various, namely to constrain while hanging over. Item: Stand in Plow if one strikes at you, then drive up with the arms and catch the strike on the flat of your blade on the Strong, that is Hanging.</p>
 
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| <p>'''Barring'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Barring'''</p>
  
<p>Then if one stands in Changer or the Fool before you, fall on him quickly thereafter with the long edge. Item, if one strikes out before you, then bar him also with setting off.</p>
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<p>Then if one stands in Changer or the Fool before you, fall on him quickly thereafter with the long edge. Item: If one strikes out before you, then bar him also with setting off.</p>
 
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| <p>Item, Liechtenauer says in his secret words "Guard yourself against parrying, if need befalls you it will hurt you". Therefore every fighter should be accustomed to be the first to attack and finish, then if every fighter is accustomed to watch and wait for another, this same rarely comes away without harm, or at the least does not achieve very much. A proper fighter however does not parry much unless he has a great advantage, And when the opponent strikes so he strikes too, if the opponent thrusts then he thrusts too, if the opponent steps, he steps also. For when two like strokes come together, they bring their parrying with them, and when someone cuts from above and you cut against it with a Thwart, then you parry and hit at the same time. Likewise you shall pay attention to simultaneous cutting and take good heed of your advantage in it. Therefore, every fencer should know that he should quickly consider, as mentioned above, when two good fencers come together, which I consider is the same as shown before.<ref>Note: here I have included this line for clarity from Dr. Forgeng’s 1568 Lund translation: “Therefore every fighter shall know as has been said above, for when two good fighters come together, whoever thinks quicker triumphs quicker.”</ref></p>
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| <p>Item: Liechtenauer says in his secret words "Guard yourself against parrying, if need befalls you it will hurt you". Therefore every fighter should be accustomed to be the first to attack and finish, then if every fighter is accustomed to watch and wait for another, this same rarely comes away without harm, or at the least does not achieve very much. A proper fighter however does not parry much unless he has a great advantage. And when the opponent strikes so he strikes too, if the opponent thrusts then he thrusts too, if the opponent steps, he steps also. For when two like strokes come together, they bring their parrying with them, and when someone cuts from above and you cut against it with a Thwart, then you parry and hit at the same time. Likewise you shall pay attention to simultaneous cutting and take good heed of your advantage in it. Therefore, every fencer should know that he should quickly consider, as mentioned above, when two good fencers come together, which I consider is the same as shown before.<ref>Note: here I have included this line for clarity from Dr. Forgeng’s 1568 Lund translation: “Therefore every fighter shall know as has been said above, for when two good fighters come together, whoever thinks quicker triumphs quicker.”</ref></p>
 
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| '''If you scare easily, <br/>don’t learn to fence.'''
 
| '''If you scare easily, <br/>don’t learn to fence.'''
 
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|}
<p>Since I have taught sufficiently about the Before and After, the Weak and Strong, I will solely explain the word ''Indes'', which word has no other in it than an earnest meaning to be kept and considered, For when I strike to an opening, without first considering how I should strike the next, but rather see a cut along with it to the most conducive opening.</p>
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<p>Since I have taught sufficiently about the Before and After, the Weak and Strong, I will solely explain the word ''Indes'', which word has no other in it than an earnest meaning to be kept and considered. For when I strike to an opening, without first considering how I should strike the next, but rather see a cut along with it to the most conducive opening.</p>
 
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<p>'''Of the 4 Openings'''</p>
 
<p>'''Of the 4 Openings'''</p>
  
<p>Although I have written in the first part extensively about the 4 openings, I want to explain the contents and make them explicit. The rhyme stands in the old ''Zedel'' and the Frankfurt ''Zedel'' but there is no interpretation about what are the 4 openings, what is taking aim*, what is; to drive on against everyone, what is; how he bears, When one reads the rhymes already for so long, then one knows much about it afterwards, when he interprets the rhymes, and is showed freely with a sword, I thought a lot about it, I would like to see a master who can tell me the truth about aiming. But you should then understand the rhyme. The four openings are two above by the head and shoulders, and two by the elbows, But aiming* is when you strike to the upper openings and soon you see that the man has noticed, and does not slip after, then throw your sword in a Loop, or circle, you don’t lay on though, but rather to an opening on the arm, which you certainly have, that is called aiming. But what is; without any danger, that is when the opponent has not seen that you should strike, what is; however he acts, that is to all openings, then would the ''Zedel'' say, you hit him when his defense becomes open, he who knows well the four openings, can make wonder out of them, but the noble work can not be written in the books, one must prove it with iron.</p>
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<p>Although I have written in the first part extensively about the 4 openings, I want to explain the contents and make them explicit. The rhyme stands in the old ''Zedel'' and the Frankfurt ''Zedel'' but there is no interpretation about what are the 4 openings, what is taking aim*, what is; to drive on against everyone, what is; how he bears, When one reads the rhymes already for so long, then one knows much about it afterwards, when he interprets the rhymes, and is showed freely with a sword, I thought a lot about it, I would like to see a master who can tell me the truth about aiming. But you should then understand the rhyme. The four openings are two above by the head and shoulders, and two by the elbows. But aiming* is when you strike to the upper openings and soon you see that the man has noticed, and does not slip after, then throw your sword in a Loop, or circle, you don’t lay on though, but rather to an opening on the arm, which you certainly have, that is called aiming. But what is; without any danger, that is when the opponent has not seen that you should strike, what is; however he acts, that is to all openings, then would the ''Zedel'' say, you hit him when his defense becomes open, he who knows well the four openings, can make wonder out of them, but the noble work can not be written in the books, one must prove it with iron.</p>
 
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| <p>'''Failer Twice'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Failer Twice'''</p>
  
<p>In ''Zufechten'', fail in deep enough at his left ear with the long edge, if he slips after, and will parry, so cast your sword in a circle and present it at his right ear, as soon as you see that you have touched swords, or hit, then you may use the ancient Slice,<ref>This is a reference to Liechtenauer verses 56 and 79. ~[[Michael Chidester|MCC]]</ref> that is doing the (handwork) Remaining, you push your sword over both his arms with the long edge so that he cannot defend it, However, what is the saying: “Double Failer, Step left until not allowed”.<ref>Liechtenauer verse 57. ~[[Michael Chidester|MCC]]</ref> It is all in a ''stuck'', and relies on one another, that when you slice or push to the arms, then you must continue it twice, that is, you must step around well to the opponent with the left foot, That is called Stepping in Left, until not allowed, with it the rhyme means that you must go quickly, so that the opponent doesn’t also veer away, and this is called Doubling.</p>
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<p>In ''Zufechten'', fail in deep enough at his left ear with the long edge, if he slips after, and will parry, so cast your sword in a circle and present it at his right ear, as soon as you see that you have touched swords, or hit, then you may use the ancient Slice,<ref>This is a reference to Liechtenauer verses 56 and 79. ~[[Michael Chidester|MCC]]</ref> that is doing the (handwork) Remaining, you push your sword over both his arms with the long edge so that he cannot defend it. However, what is the saying: “Double Failer, Step left until not allowed”.<ref>Liechtenauer verse 57. ~[[Michael Chidester|MCC]]</ref> It is all in a ''stuck'', and relies on one another, that when you slice or push to the arms, then you must continue it twice, that is, you must step around well to the opponent with the left foot, That is called Stepping in Left, until not allowed, with it the rhyme means that you must go quickly, so that the opponent doesn’t also veer away, and this is called Doubling.</p>
 
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| '''Twice, or in it, <br/>With it your work begins'''
 
| '''Twice, or in it, <br/>With it your work begins'''
 
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<p>Chasing after is an exceptionally good work, however very few are the fencers who do it correctly, Now note that this is the chasing after, when one will cut in at you from above, and as he draws up his sword to strike, so rush to him before he brings his strike, the work is all good against those who cut around too wide in the onset, then because they have their sword so far away, thus they are easier to reach, but the word Doubled means that you shall overtake me, when I have allowed my sword to fall or go nearly to the ground after the strike, so you must be cautious against the man who gladly allows his sword to fall nearly to the ground, then you must cut in at his head with the Head Strike, that is Doubling after shrewdly, In summation; when the opponent brings his sword in the air, then Chase after when he goes too far behind himself, ''Indes'' cut in the onset, then commit yourself to the chasing after, because the saying is made so well for the traveling after.</p>
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<p>Chasing after is an exceptionally good work, however very few are the fencers who do it correctly, Now note that this is the chasing after, when one will cut in at you from above, and as he draws up his sword to strike, so rush to him before he brings his strike, the work is all good against those who cut around too wide in the onset, then because they have their sword so far away, thus they are easier to reach, but the word Doubled means that you shall overtake me, when I have allowed my sword to fall or go nearly to the ground after the strike, so you must be cautious against the man who gladly allows his sword to fall nearly to the ground, then you must cut in at his head with the Head Strike, that is Doubling after shrewdly. In summation: when the opponent brings his sword in the air, then Chase after when he goes too far behind himself, ''Indes'' cut in the onset, then commit yourself to the chasing after, because the saying is made so well for the traveling after.</p>
 
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| '''Learn the feeling,<br/>''Indes'' is a word that cuts severely'''
 
| '''Learn the feeling,<br/>''Indes'' is a word that cuts severely'''
 
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<p>Feeling is nothing more than testing, binding on, or searching, so that feeling, testing and binding on is a thing, then the feeling is a simple word in all fencing, test whether the opponent fights hard or soft, if he cuts or pushes hard after, then pull your sword fine and softly, thus you will certainly find an opening, because the hard fencers reveal it themselves, But why is there a saying right after this “''Indes'' the word cuts severely”, therefore, one is a gentle and fast swordsman who cuts around at once so you are there with the slices, thus it is broken.</p>
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<p>Feeling is nothing more than testing, binding on, or searching, so that feeling, testing and binding on is a thing, then the feeling is a simple word in all fencing, test whether the opponent fights hard or soft, if he cuts or pushes hard after, then pull your sword fine and softly, thus you will certainly find an opening, because the hard fencers reveal it themselves. But why is there a saying right after this “''Indes'' the word cuts severely”, therefore, one is a gentle and fast swordsman who cuts around at once so you are there with the slices, thus it is broken.</p>
 
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:'''Whoever steps after cutting<br/>Shall have little joy in his Art.'''<ref>This is the fourth of Paurnfeyndt's Twelve Rules for the Beginner Fencer, found on [[Page:Der Allten Fechter gründtliche Kunst (Christian Egenolff) 1531-1537.pdf/12|page 4r]] of Egenolff 1531. This is particularly odd because the first line comes from Egenolff, but the second line seems to be from Liechtenauer verse 11, which the rule was based on. The version in the fourth rule is ''Der darff sich kunst nit frewen.'' ~[[Michael Chidester|MCC]]</ref>
 
:'''Whoever steps after cutting<br/>Shall have little joy in his Art.'''<ref>This is the fourth of Paurnfeyndt's Twelve Rules for the Beginner Fencer, found on [[Page:Der Allten Fechter gründtliche Kunst (Christian Egenolff) 1531-1537.pdf/12|page 4r]] of Egenolff 1531. This is particularly odd because the first line comes from Egenolff, but the second line seems to be from Liechtenauer verse 11, which the rule was based on. The version in the fourth rule is ''Der darff sich kunst nit frewen.'' ~[[Michael Chidester|MCC]]</ref>
  
<p>Every cut must have its step, they must go together, otherwise the ''stuck'' will not work, for much relies on stepping, then if you step too soon or too late, thus you (will be responsible for your own loss). The stepping makes it so that the opponent’s work cannot go on, but that yours’ can, you must attack the opponent in a stance or wide position, so he thinks he has you for sure but that you are further from him than you have presented yourself, if on the other hand the opponent thinks you want to step in at him, then do not hurry to the attack. There is great art and cunning in the stepping, and the right measure lies in it, About it, all fencers say, so notice when you are close to the man, then let yourself note with the cutting as if you were treading with great, wide steps, but remain with your feet near to each other, meanwhile, strike off the man secretly like one who wants to steal a step, once you think it is time, then step further with your feet and boldly attack.</p>
+
<p>Every cut must have its step, they must go together, otherwise the ''stuck'' will not work, for much relies on stepping, then if you step too soon or too late, thus you (will be responsible for your own loss). The stepping makes it so that the opponent’s work cannot go on, but that yours’ can, you must attack the opponent in a stance or wide position, so he thinks he has you for sure but that you are further from him than you have presented yourself, if on the other hand the opponent thinks you want to step in at him, then do not hurry to the attack. There is great art and cunning in the stepping, and the right measure lies in it. About it, all fencers say, so notice when you are close to the man, then let yourself note with the cutting as if you were treading with great, wide steps, but remain with your feet near to each other, meanwhile, strike off the man secretly like one who wants to steal a step, once you think it is time, then step further with your feet and boldly attack.</p>
 
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| <p>Next there are the cuts, which, although I will tell you there are sixteen, you will not have more than 4 Main Cuts, from which the others have their origins, namely the first, the High Cut, the second the Wrath Cut, the third is the Middle Cut, and fourth is a Low Cut, Yet none will ever cut or deliver any so rare or crooked, but that he must bring from above or diagonally, athwart or from below, And the many names and variations of the cuts come from the diverse intentions of the one who delivers them. Of this I'll give an example, when I stand before someone in the same work, and cannot at all come to his openings, then I strike in strongly to him from above with a Knocking Cut, not so that I would hit, but so that I would attack him and provoke him to cut so that he would then open up for me, and give me room for the opening, and although it is a High Cut, the cut is still called the Knocking Cut, because my intent is only to knock onto him to see whether he will open up for me.<ref>The above text appears somewhat synonymous with pages 44-45 of the Lund Dussack section, except that in the Lund Meyer says there are 12 cuts and yet here he says there are 16.</ref></p>
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| <p>Next there are the cuts, which, although I will tell you there are sixteen, you will not have more than 4 Main Cuts, from which the others have their origins, namely the first, the High Cut, the second the Wrath Cut, the third is the Middle Cut, and fourth is a Low Cut, Yet none will ever cut or deliver any so rare or crooked, but that he must bring from above or diagonally, athwart or from below. And the many names and variations of the cuts come from the diverse intentions of the one who delivers them. Of this I'll give an example, when I stand before someone in the same work, and cannot at all come to his openings, then I strike in strongly to him from above with a Knocking Cut, not so that I would hit, but so that I would attack him and provoke him to cut so that he would then open up for me, and give me room for the opening, and although it is a High Cut, the cut is still called the Knocking Cut, because my intent is only to knock onto him to see whether he will open up for me.<ref>The above text appears somewhat synonymous with pages 44-45 of the Lund Dussack section, except that in the Lund Meyer says there are 12 cuts and yet here he says there are 16.</ref></p>
 
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| <p>If he falls in too deep, then he is just open above, likewise, if he goes too far to the sides. Further as to the four parts of the man, the Before and After, the Weak and the Strong. Item, the Rounding and the Circle Cut, slicing and the like and all kinds of hand works have been explained at length previously in the Sword, which one should also use here.</p>
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| <p>If he falls in too deep, then he is just open above, likewise, if he goes too far to the sides. Further as to the four parts of the man, the Before and After, the Weak and the Strong. Item: The Rounding and the Circle Cut, slicing and the like and all kinds of hand works have been explained at length previously in the Sword, which one should also use here.</p>
 
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| <p>'''A good ''Stuck'' to the After Cuts from the Watch'''</p>
 
| <p>'''A good ''Stuck'' to the After Cuts from the Watch'''</p>
  
<p>Item, if you stand in the Guard of the Boar, step and cut him through like it is reported above, as soon as he cuts after, then quickly drive above and capture the strike on the Strong of your Dussack, ''Indes'' grasp simultaneously with your open left hand under your Dussack onto his hilt with it you hold him off and then cut him to his forward set leg.</p>
+
<p>Item: If you stand in the Guard of the Boar, step and cut him through like it is reported above, as soon as he cuts after, then quickly drive above and capture the strike on the Strong of your Dussack, ''Indes'' grasp simultaneously with your open left hand under your Dussack onto his hilt with it you hold him off and then cut him to his forward set leg.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Bibl. 2465 025v.jpg|2|lbl=25v.2}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Bibl. 2465 025v.jpg|2|lbl=25v.2}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| rowspan="3" | [[File:MS Bibl. 2465 026r.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| rowspan="3" | [[File:MS Bibl. 2465 026r.jpg|400px|center]]
| <p>Item, If someone cuts you from above, then displace like before and drive underneath your displacement with your open left hand onto his hilt as described above, cut Crooked over to his left ear, instantly drive down through the nose and flick from the outside over his right arm to the head, allowing it to run off by his right, then with an over hand, wrench his arm to your right side and cut long after.</p>
+
| <p>Item: If someone cuts you from above, then displace like before and drive underneath your displacement with your open left hand onto his hilt as described above, cut Crooked over to his left ear, instantly drive down through the nose and flick from the outside over his right arm to the head, allowing it to run off by his right, then with an over hand, wrench his arm to your right side and cut long after.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Bibl. 2465 025v.jpg|3|lbl=25v.3}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Bibl. 2465 025v.jpg|3|lbl=25v.3}}
  
Line 1,198: Line 1,198:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>Item, when you stand in the Steer, then step in at him with your right foot, turn the steer from your left to your right, take out those from below from your left, how it is taught above.</p>
+
| <p>Item: When you stand in the Steer, then step in at him with your right foot, turn the steer from your left to your right, take out those from below from your left, how it is taught above.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Bibl. 2465 027r.jpg|2|lbl=27r.2}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Bibl. 2465 027r.jpg|2|lbl=27r.2}}
  
Line 1,302: Line 1,302:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>Item: when you displace him from your right to his left, as soon as the parry happens or when he has set off, then cut with the short edge from the lower left to his arm, conversely, when you parry from your left to his right then cut with the short edge from your lower right through to his left and then fight to the next opening.</p>
+
| <p>Item: When you displace him from your right to his left, as soon as the parry happens or when he has set off, then cut with the short edge from the lower left to his arm, conversely, when you parry from your left to his right then cut with the short edge from your lower right through to his left and then fight to the next opening.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Bibl. 2465 031r.jpg|3|lbl=31r.3}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Bibl. 2465 031r.jpg|3|lbl=31r.3}}
  
Line 1,341: Line 1,341:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>Item, if you are a strong man, then come into the Change as before, wrench away his forward Bow up from below with the half edge, cut quickly after to his face.</p>
+
| <p>Item: If you are a strong man, then come into the Change as before, wrench away his forward Bow up from below with the half edge, cut quickly after to his face.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Bibl. 2465 033r.jpg|1|lbl=33r.1}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Bibl. 2465 033r.jpg|1|lbl=33r.1}}
  
Line 1,374: Line 1,374:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>Item: when you strike someone outside over his right arm as has been said above, and he goes high upwards, then step out quickly and cut in Crooked to his face.</p>
+
| <p>Item: When you strike someone outside over his right arm as has been said above, and he goes high upwards, then step out quickly and cut in Crooked to his face.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Bibl. 2465 034v.jpg|1|lbl=34v.1}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Bibl. 2465 034v.jpg|1|lbl=34v.1}}
  
Line 1,381: Line 1,381:
 
| <p>'''A Swift ''Stuck'''''</p>
 
| <p>'''A Swift ''Stuck'''''</p>
  
<p>Item: reverse your grip so that you have your Dussack crooked how it is reported above, cut then in a springing manner from your right with a High Cut overhand in over his Bow so that in this strike, your right side comes well to his left side, then cut in a flick back around below in to his face so that your haft remains high, quickly cut away short.</p>
+
<p>Item: Reverse your grip so that you have your Dussack crooked how it is reported above, cut then in a springing manner from your right with a High Cut overhand in over his Bow so that in this strike, your right side comes well to his left side, then cut in a flick back around below in to his face so that your haft remains high, quickly cut away short.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Bibl. 2465 034v.jpg|2|lbl=34v.2}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Bibl. 2465 034v.jpg|2|lbl=34v.2}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>Item: when someone stands in the Bow and allows the point to sink downwards, then step and cut from your right on the Weak of his Dussack from under his arm, so that your Dussack comes out to your left side, instantly take (his Dussack) away with the flat over his arm from your left and cut long after to the opening near by his hand.<ref>First paragraph here found as last and separate para in 63v.1 Lund. Meyer changed words here on the last line of the second paragraph from
+
| <p>Item: When someone stands in the Bow and allows the point to sink downwards, then step and cut from your right on the Weak of his Dussack from under his arm, so that your Dussack comes out to your left side, instantly take (his Dussack) away with the flat over his arm from your left and cut long after to the opening near by his hand.<ref>First paragraph here found as last and separate para in 63v.1 Lund. Meyer changed words here on the last line of the second paragraph from
 
hand to haft, “so that your haft remains high”.</ref></p>
 
hand to haft, “so that your haft remains high”.</ref></p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Bibl. 2465 034v.jpg|3|lbl=34v.3}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Bibl. 2465 034v.jpg|3|lbl=34v.3}}
Line 1,436: Line 1,436:
 
| <p>'''High Cut'''</p>
 
| <p>'''High Cut'''</p>
  
<p>The High Cut is a straight cut from above to the scalp, this cut breaks all other cuts, In this way, if he cuts a Wrath Strike against you, then step ''Indes'' out from his cut and cut from above strongly on his cut close by his hand, then also suppress the Middle Cuts and Low Cuts from above close to his hand, so if you want to suppress his cuts, make sure you reach them excessively long.</p>
+
<p>The High Cut is a straight cut from above to the scalp, this cut breaks all other cuts. In this way, if he cuts a Wrath Strike against you, then step ''Indes'' out from his cut and cut from above strongly on his cut close by his hand, then also suppress the Middle Cuts and Low Cuts from above close to his hand, so if you want to suppress his cuts, make sure you reach them excessively long.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Bibl. 2465 036v.jpg|2|lbl=36v.2}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Bibl. 2465 036v.jpg|2|lbl=36v.2}}
  
Line 2,252: Line 2,252:
 
| <p>'''To the Well born Lord, Duke Ottbo Count of Solms, Lord of Munzenberg and Sonnewaldt my Gracious Sir'''<br/><br/></p>
 
| <p>'''To the Well born Lord, Duke Ottbo Count of Solms, Lord of Munzenberg and Sonnewaldt my Gracious Sir'''<br/><br/></p>
  
<p>Well born Gracious Sir, Your Grace, my subservience and willing service, is as every time before. Kindly Sir, It's not without particular Reasons that the Old Writings of the Knightly Free Art of Fencing  with all diligence, in their Books are praised and reposed and the Princes and gentlemen themselves, with earnestness Ordered namely but that more portions of Knightly Fighting and forthright strikes from there have arisen from trustworthy, credible words, that what through' splendid feelings for Manhood originated, for the Praise also thereby in the Highest Command and administration of War will be attained/revealed not solely in the History of the Greeks and Romans but is especially proven also through daily experience, that the training in various Knights games and Fencing, is learned with diligence, like those same  practices that came long before, and it is masterful with all speed. Then more to  our times Princes and Noblemen no less, Love it, and to the highest advancement than our Old Riders, how then also, You Grace, besides other free Arts, associates this manly Art with earnestness, and therefore I, Your grace, as an innocent Fencing Master, to this end, I must Instruct your grace which I in all Subservience and with willful courage have accepted, and while I am not alone, a particular beauty to such Art, but rather through Your Grace’s, merciful and consecrated will, you have sensed and found out about me I have no knowledge and Way but with it I, Your Grace, in such Art can subserviently serve and want to save, so this Fencing manual was put together, and all ''Stücken'' described, to Your Grace, and delivered in the subservient hope, that Your grace, would not only learn the techniques that are taught here, but through them thus they be cast in memory to be held, but rather also will swift and useful ''Stücken'' hence be learnt from not less than, thus, a similar Fencing master, that Your Grace will have had. I beg thus in subservience Your grace, wants a work such as mine, although unwary and minor a work, than that from one, Your grace, to all possible service in subservience and wholeheartedly, studiously flowed and graciously will accept. Of this will I, Your Grace, subserviently serve and wherewith I can pleasurably show, also to the Highest solicitude. May that the Almighty would confer on Your Grace, besides other prosperity, also long life in good health and Freedoms.</p>
+
<p>Well born Gracious Sir, Your Grace, my subservience and willing service, is as every time before. Kindly Sir, it's not without particular Reasons that the Old Writings of the Knightly Free Art of Fencing  with all diligence, in their Books are praised and reposed and the Princes and gentlemen themselves, with earnestness Ordered namely but that more portions of Knightly Fighting and forthright strikes from there have arisen from trustworthy, credible words, that what through' splendid feelings for Manhood originated, for the Praise also thereby in the Highest Command and administration of War will be attained/revealed not solely in the History of the Greeks and Romans but is especially proven also through daily experience, that the training in various Knights games and Fencing, is learned with diligence, like those same  practices that came long before, and it is masterful with all speed. Then more to  our times Princes and Noblemen no less, Love it, and to the highest advancement than our Old Riders, how then also, You Grace, besides other free Arts, associates this manly Art with earnestness, and therefore I, Your grace, as an innocent Fencing Master, to this end, I must Instruct your grace which I in all Subservience and with willful courage have accepted, and while I am not alone, a particular beauty to such Art, but rather through Your Grace’s, merciful and consecrated will, you have sensed and found out about me I have no knowledge and Way but with it I, Your Grace, in such Art can subserviently serve and want to save, so this Fencing manual was put together, and all ''Stücken'' described, to Your Grace, and delivered in the subservient hope, that Your grace, would not only learn the techniques that are taught here, but through them thus they be cast in memory to be held, but rather also will swift and useful ''Stücken'' hence be learnt from not less than, thus, a similar Fencing master, that Your Grace will have had. I beg thus in subservience Your grace, wants a work such as mine, although unwary and minor a work, than that from one, Your grace, to all possible service in subservience and wholeheartedly, studiously flowed and graciously will accept. Of this will I, Your Grace, subserviently serve and wherewith I can pleasurably show, also to the Highest solicitude. May that the Almighty would confer on Your Grace, besides other prosperity, also long life in good health and Freedoms.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{paget|Page:MS A.4º.2|03r|jpg|p=1}} {{paget|Page:MS A.4º.2|03v|jpg|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 04r.jpg|1|lbl=04r.1|p=1}}
 
{{paget|Page:MS A.4º.2|03r|jpg|p=1}} {{paget|Page:MS A.4º.2|03v|jpg|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 04r.jpg|1|lbl=04r.1|p=1}}
Line 2,286: Line 2,286:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| <p>Secondly one should note the Before and After, Weak and Strong. The Before is when you drive with your ''Stücken'' so that he cannot come to his senses, especially by positioning yourself close, and how he defends before your ''Stücken'' and these same would like to break and bar, with this, he runs off the Before to you. The After is, when you have been rushed upon by your opponent how it is reported next and above. Thus you should respond ''Indes'' quickly with convenient work, with this, you are strongest on his ''Stücken'', when you lay on with your work in the Before, and in this you are crowded so that you must displace him after, thus is a constant changing with the Before and After, now you have it, then he does, But he who does not pay attention to it, he will nonetheless never learn to fence.</p>
+
| <p>Secondly one should note the Before and After, Weak and Strong. The Before is when you drive with your ''Stücken'' so that he cannot come to his senses, especially by positioning yourself close, and how he defends before your ''Stücken'' and these same would like to break and bar, with this, he runs off the Before to you. The After is, when you have been rushed upon by your opponent how it is reported next and above. Thus you should respond ''Indes'' quickly with convenient work, with this, you are strongest on his ''Stücken'', when you lay on with your work in the Before, and in this you are crowded so that you must displace him after, thus is a constant changing with the Before and After, now you have it, then he does. But he who does not pay attention to it, he will nonetheless never learn to fence.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 06r.jpg|2|lbl=6r.2}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 06r.jpg|2|lbl=6r.2}}
  
Line 2,309: Line 2,309:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>Item If he is yet again, strong or weak, and is usually more watchful of the weak binding before the strong, how hereafter in the fencing it can be seen.</p>
+
| <p>Item: If he is yet again, strong or weak, and is usually more watchful of the weak binding before the strong, how hereafter in the fencing it can be seen.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 06v.jpg|4|lbl=6v.4}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 06v.jpg|4|lbl=6v.4}}
  
Line 2,330: Line 2,330:
 
| <p>'''The Eight Secondary Guards'''</p>
 
| <p>'''The Eight Secondary Guards'''</p>
  
<p>Long-point, Iron-door, Hanging Point, Speak-window, Key, Side Guard, Barrier Guard, Wrath Guard</p>
+
<p>Long-point, Iron Door, Hanging Point, Speak Window, Key, Side Guard, Barrier Guard, Wrath Guard</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 07r.jpg|2|lbl=7r.2}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 07r.jpg|2|lbl=7r.2}}
  
Line 2,505: Line 2,505:
 
| <p>'''Cut Crooked to his Flat<br/>And you will Weaken the Master.'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Cut Crooked to his Flat<br/>And you will Weaken the Master.'''</p>
  
<p>This is a lesson how you shall weaken one's incoming strike, and goes thus, In ''Zufechten'' pay attention when he cuts in at you from his right, then step well out from his strike and cut with crossed hands and the Long edge onto the strong of his sword's blade, on the Flat, thereby you weaken him, so that he can barely recover for another strike, then before he recovers you are on his head with winding and flicking.</p>
+
<p>This is a lesson how you shall weaken one's incoming strike, and goes thus. In ''Zufechten'' pay attention when he cuts in at you from his right, then step well out from his strike and cut with crossed hands and the Long edge onto the strong of his sword's blade, on the Flat, thereby you weaken him, so that he can barely recover for another strike, then before he recovers you are on his head with winding and flicking.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 14v.jpg|3|lbl=14v.3|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 15v.jpg|1|lbl=15v.1|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 14v.jpg|3|lbl=14v.3|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 15v.jpg|1|lbl=15v.1|p=1}}
Line 2,654: Line 2,654:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>'''Item''' If one changes through under your Squinting Cut to your right side, then remain nevertheless with the point right before his face and turn the long edge against his blade, allow ''Indes'' your pommel to go through under your right arm and step with your left foot well to his right side. Thus he has changed through in vain, for you come at his head with the first Squinting Cut and crossed hands, At once allow it to run off by his right side using the Circle and Thwart to his left.</p>
+
| <p>'''Item''' If one changes through under your Squinting Cut to your right side, then remain nevertheless with the point right before his face and turn the long edge against his blade, allow ''Indes'' your pommel to go through under your right arm and step with your left foot well to his right side. Thus he has changed through in vain, for you come at his head with the first Squinting Cut and crossed hands. At once allow it to run off by his right side using the Circle and Thwart to his left.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 22r.jpg|2|lbl=22r.2}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 22r.jpg|2|lbl=22r.2}}
  
Line 2,661: Line 2,661:
 
| <p>'''Counter to the Plow'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Counter to the Plow'''</p>
  
<p>Note when an opponent comes before you in the guard of the Plow, then attack happily with the Squinting Cut, As soon as he drives out, then work to his lower openings and further to all four openings.</p>
+
<p>Note when an opponent comes before you in the guard of the Plow, then attack happily with the Squinting Cut. As soon as he drives out, then work to his lower openings and further to all four openings.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 22r.jpg|3|lbl=22r.3}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 22r.jpg|3|lbl=22r.3}}
  
Line 2,668: Line 2,668:
 
| <p>'''Counter to the Long Point'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Counter to the Long Point'''</p>
  
<p>Item if one stands before you in the Long Point, thus position yourself with the gesture that you would cut in with a long High Cut to his left ear, do not do this, but rather turn in the air and cut a strong Squinting Cut to his sword, when it clashes, then slice the point forward into his face so that he must displace. When he drives upwards then pull your sword around your head in a flight and cut with the short edge and crossed hands; athwart to his right ear, allow the left hand to go well out and thus the short edge goes deep. Pull again around your head and wrench out his blade with the flat from your right athwart to his left, so that your sword again flies around above your head and allow the short edge to shoot in deep to his left ear, at once cut two Low Cuts to his right and left, ''Indes'' cut away.</p>
+
<p>Item: If one stands before you in the Long Point, thus position yourself with the gesture that you would cut in with a long High Cut to his left ear, do not do this, but rather turn in the air and cut a strong Squinting Cut to his sword, when it clashes, then slice the point forward into his face so that he must displace. When he drives upwards then pull your sword around your head in a flight and cut with the short edge and crossed hands; athwart to his right ear, allow the left hand to go well out and thus the short edge goes deep. Pull again around your head and wrench out his blade with the flat from your right athwart to his left, so that your sword again flies around above your head and allow the short edge to shoot in deep to his left ear, at once cut two Low Cuts to his right and left, ''Indes'' cut away.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 22r.jpg|4|lbl=22r.4|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 23r.jpg|1|lbl=23r.1|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 22r.jpg|4|lbl=22r.4|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 23r.jpg|1|lbl=23r.1|p=1}}
Line 2,674: Line 2,674:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>Item If an opponent comes before you who will gladly bind long on to you from above or sends his first stroke long at you from the Roof, then when you are near to him or have come to him, slash through before him, up and out to your left, so that your sword's blade shoots around over your head in the Plunge to his left, ''Indes'' allow your sword to snap around back over your head, the right hand over the left and strike in at his right ear with the short edge at the same time as his strike, how it is taught above, do this correctly and step well there to him thus you will hit. So then this ''Stück'' is only on going, if he displaces however and drives out how he then (when he will displace) must drive out, at once pull around your head and cut him with the Long Edge from below athwart to his left radial forearm, close to his pommel to the wrist. Of these two openings, one will be apparent to you, Pull your hilt again upwards around your head and cut long with a strong cut to his upper left head, in these three strikes, step well with both your feet, in a double, step around his left side, thus the cuts go on well, this a good and earnest ''Stück'', when you will seek to send it home.</p>
+
| <p>Item: If an opponent comes before you who will gladly bind long on to you from above or sends his first stroke long at you from the Roof, then when you are near to him or have come to him, slash through before him, up and out to your left, so that your sword's blade shoots around over your head in the Plunge to his left, ''Indes'' allow your sword to snap around back over your head, the right hand over the left and strike in at his right ear with the short edge at the same time as his strike, how it is taught above, do this correctly and step well there to him thus you will hit. So then this ''Stück'' is only on going, if he displaces however and drives out how he then (when he will displace) must drive out, at once pull around your head and cut him with the Long Edge from below athwart to his left radial forearm, close to his pommel to the wrist. Of these two openings, one will be apparent to you, Pull your hilt again upwards around your head and cut long with a strong cut to his upper left head, in these three strikes, step well with both your feet, in a double, step around his left side, thus the cuts go on well, this a good and earnest ''Stück'', when you will seek to send it home.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 23r.jpg|2|lbl=23r.2|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 23v.jpg|1|lbl=23v.1|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 23r.jpg|2|lbl=23r.2|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 23v.jpg|1|lbl=23v.1|p=1}}
Line 2,689: Line 2,689:
 
| <p>'''The Double Squinter'''</p>
 
| <p>'''The Double Squinter'''</p>
  
<p>Item At the Start, thus cut against his cut from your right, with a Squinter to his sword, when this clashes, then reverse your sword on his blade and slide off to your left, step out with the right, continuing towards his left side, allow your blade to drive around your head and cut the next Squinter to his head, also from your right above and in deep to his left. Then cut a Double Squinter, nimbly, one into the other, stepping to his left, this is a very swift ''Stück'' against slow fencers who fight with their arms far from themselves.</p>
+
<p>Item: At the Start, thus cut against his cut from your right, with a Squinter to his sword, when this clashes, then reverse your sword on his blade and slide off to your left, step out with the right, continuing towards his left side, allow your blade to drive around your head and cut the next Squinter to his head, also from your right above and in deep to his left. Then cut a Double Squinter, nimbly, one into the other, stepping to his left, this is a very swift ''Stück'' against slow fencers who fight with their arms far from themselves.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 23v.jpg|3|lbl=23v.3}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 23v.jpg|3|lbl=23v.3}}
  
Line 2,733: Line 2,733:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>'''Item''' To the Crossing over, Falling and others which are similar, as soon as you realize that he will change through, then fall from such work into the Long Slice, to the opening that he gives you by changing through. For often when he changes through he opens himself, And when you travel after to his opening, then watch for his sword with the long edge, if it would come too near to you, that you turn the strong against him and at the same time, remain on his opening with the short edge, as soon as you have connected, then remain no longer but rather let it quickly fly away from one opening to another.</p>
+
| <p>'''Item''' To the Crossing over, Falling, and others which are similar, as soon as you realize that he will change through, then fall from such work into the Long Slice, to the opening that he gives you by changing through. For often when he changes through he opens himself. And when you travel after to his opening, then watch for his sword with the long edge, if it would come too near to you, that you turn the strong against him and at the same time, remain on his opening with the short edge, as soon as you have connected, then remain no longer but rather let it quickly fly away from one opening to another.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 25v.jpg|3|lbl=25v.3}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 25v.jpg|3|lbl=25v.3}}
  
Line 2,804: Line 2,804:
 
| <p>'''Double shall your Failer be done<br/>Likewise double the step and slice.'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Double shall your Failer be done<br/>Likewise double the step and slice.'''</p>
  
<p>The Failer is a good technique against the fencers who will gladly displace like in the previous ''Stück'' concerning the Thwart, then when you cut to an opening and note that he wishes to parry after, then allow your cut to fail and go by, and cut diagonal to another opening, Double failing is an artful technique and requires an experienced fighter as well, however I will present and describe here to you several double and single techniques from which you can learn many kinds of Failers.</p>
+
<p>The Failer is a good technique against the fencers who will gladly displace like in the previous ''Stück'' concerning the Thwart, then when you cut to an opening and note that he wishes to parry after, then allow your cut to fail and go by, and cut diagonal to another opening. Double failing is an artful technique and requires an experienced fighter as well, however I will present and describe here to you several double and single techniques from which you can learn many kinds of Failers.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 27v.jpg|1|lbl=27v.1}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 27v.jpg|1|lbl=27v.1}}
  
Line 2,853: Line 2,853:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>Item, if he Thwarts from under, so that you can't come from below thus catch his Thwart on your shield with diverting, so that your blade hangs over his.</p>
+
| <p>Item: If he Thwarts from under, so that you can't come from below thus catch his Thwart on your shield with diverting, so that your blade hangs over his.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 29r.jpg|2|lbl=29r.2}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 29r.jpg|2|lbl=29r.2}}
  
Line 2,924: Line 2,924:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| rowspan="2" | [[File:MS A.4º.2 34r.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| rowspan="2" | [[File:MS A.4º.2 34r.jpg|400px|center]]
| <p>In the onset cut with your long edge to his left ear, as soon as this clashes or connects, pull around your head and cut the next also with the long edge, to his lower right opening, then third, to his lower left opening the fourth to his upper right opening, these 4 cuts should go quickly from one into another, And all strikes should be well to the body, also you should do these cuts with the short edge, to the four openings of the man.</p>
+
| <p>In the onset cut with your long edge to his left ear, as soon as this clashes or connects, pull around your head and cut the next also with the long edge, to his lower right opening, then third, to his lower left opening the fourth to his upper right opening, these 4 cuts should go quickly from one into another. And all strikes should be well to the body, also you should do these cuts with the short edge, to the four openings of the man.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 33v.jpg|1|lbl=33v.1}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 33v.jpg|1|lbl=33v.1}}
  
Line 2,955: Line 2,955:
 
| <p>'''Stück'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Stück'''</p>
  
<p>Item, Pull from your right a high strike to his left, but in the air, cross your hands and strike with the half edge to his left ear, Pull your hands again upwards, and strike with a Thwarter again from below to his left ear, thus also still again cut the Thwart from below to his left, with a step to Quickly pull upwards besides your right and thrust rapidly your pommel through under your right arm, and wind then with crossed hands again from your upper right in to his left, for this known strike, is also with the Flat from below and above together on one side, that goes for both sides and mark when you strike to the lower right opening, this is long or short, thus your cut comes crosswise and opposite but to the upper openings you come not crosswise, but like in the Old Squinting Cut, thus step to him and shoot before through and strike with the half edge from you left to his right, not crossed, but over you right hand, pull nimbly again above you towards your left and cross your hands in the air, strike him with crossed hands to his lower openings from your left, in this, show that your head is well behind your blade, some twice or three times to his right thus you come also with the flat and long edge from under and above besides his right to his strikes, how it is taught, like when you connect above but quickly cut Low.</p>
+
<p>Item: Pull from your right a high strike to his left, but in the air, cross your hands and strike with the half edge to his left ear, Pull your hands again upwards, and strike with a Thwarter again from below to his left ear, thus also still again cut the Thwart from below to his left, with a step to Quickly pull upwards besides your right and thrust rapidly your pommel through under your right arm, and wind then with crossed hands again from your upper right in to his left, for this known strike, is also with the Flat from below and above together on one side, that goes for both sides and mark when you strike to the lower right opening, this is long or short, thus your cut comes crosswise and opposite but to the upper openings you come not crosswise, but like in the Old Squinting Cut, thus step to him and shoot before through and strike with the half edge from you left to his right, not crossed, but over you right hand, pull nimbly again above you towards your left and cross your hands in the air, strike him with crossed hands to his lower openings from your left, in this, show that your head is well behind your blade, some twice or three times to his right thus you come also with the flat and long edge from under and above besides his right to his strikes, how it is taught, like when you connect above but quickly cut Low.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 35r.jpg|2|lbl=35r.2|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 35v.jpg|1|lbl=35v.1|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 35r.jpg|2|lbl=35r.2|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 35v.jpg|1|lbl=35v.1|p=1}}
Line 2,992: Line 2,992:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>Item Have diligence when you attack that you will sling to the High Cut or Thwart strike, where he lets you shoot, see that you don't sling it, but rather fall off again.</p>
+
| <p>Item: Have diligence when you attack that you will sling to the High Cut or Thwart strike, where he lets you shoot, see that you don't sling it, but rather fall off again.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 38v.jpg|2|lbl=38v.2}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 38v.jpg|2|lbl=38v.2}}
  
Line 3,095: Line 3,095:
 
| <p>'''Follow the Guards and they are given these Names'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Follow the Guards and they are given these Names'''</p>
  
<p>Watch or ''Luginslandt'', Steer, Wrath, Boar, Changer, Side Guard. Item The Slice, the Bow, which are the two displacings, one from under, the other from above</p>
+
<p>Watch or ''Luginslandt'', Steer, Wrath, Boar, Changer, Side Guard.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 46r.jpg|3|lbl=46r.3}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 46r.jpg|3|lbl=46r.3}}
 +
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| <p>Item: The Slice, the Bow, which are the two displacings, one from under, the other from above.</p>
 +
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 46r.jpg|4|lbl=46r.4}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 3,248: Line 3,253:
 
| <p>'''High Cut on the Steer'''</p>
 
| <p>'''High Cut on the Steer'''</p>
  
<p>Item Thus when you may reach him, in the on going, in the Bow thus cut a long cut through his displacement to the face and cut quickly to the displacing, upwards from outside against his weapon, right away work inside and outside to the Openings.</p>
+
<p>Item: Thus when you may reach him, in the on going, in the Bow thus cut a long cut through his displacement to the face and cut quickly to the displacing, upwards from outside against his weapon, right away work inside and outside to the Openings.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 51v.jpg|2|lbl=51v.2}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 51v.jpg|2|lbl=51v.2}}
  
Line 3,332: Line 3,337:
 
| <p>'''Rose Cut'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Rose Cut'''</p>
  
<p>Item In the ''Zufechten'' cut him from above outside his right arm, (go) under and through him, so that your Dussack comes around again in a Circle above your head, let it low and nimbly run out next to your left, cut him from your right to his face.</p>
+
<p>Item: In the ''Zufechten'' cut him from above outside his right arm, (go) under and through him, so that your Dussack comes around again in a Circle above your head, let it low and nimbly run out next to your left, cut him from your right to his face.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 56r.jpg|2|lbl=56r.2}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 56r.jpg|2|lbl=56r.2}}
  
Line 3,390: Line 3,395:
 
| <p>'''Under Cut'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Under Cut'''</p>
  
<p>Item When you have warded a strike twice, thus catch his strike in the air on the Bow, ''Indes'' wrench with the short edge from below, to your right through his displacement, then at once Cut Crosswise through his face.</p>
+
<p>Item: When you have warded a strike twice, thus catch his strike in the air on the Bow, ''Indes'' wrench with the short edge from below, to your right through his displacement, then at once Cut Crosswise through his face.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 59r.jpg|1|lbl=59r.1}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 59r.jpg|1|lbl=59r.1}}
  
Line 3,534: Line 3,539:
 
| <p>'''The Third'''</p>
 
| <p>'''The Third'''</p>
  
<p>Stand as before, Drive the Middle Cuts together through the Middle Line from the right and left.</p>
+
<p>Stand as before. Drive the Middle Cuts together through the Middle Line from the right and left.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 64v.jpg|3|lbl=64v.3}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 64v.jpg|3|lbl=64v.3}}
  
Line 3,620: Line 3,625:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| <p>When you are thus in the Side Guard and one strikes or thrusts to you whether from below or above, thus attack with your blade well from you with the long edge on the strong of his blade, and cut his strike or thrust away from you, to his right side, and in this cutting off, step with backsteps from his strike, thus you come with your Rappier in the left Changer, Instantly step quickly further on to his left side and thrust from below to his face, thus that you stand in Longpoint, when one thrusts or strikes to you thus cut all thrusts or strikes downwards from you with opposition.</p>
+
| <p>When you are thus in the Side Guard and one strikes or thrusts to you whether from below or above, thus attack with your blade well from you with the long edge on the strong of his blade, and cut his strike or thrust away from you, to his right side, and in this cutting off, step with backsteps from his strike, thus you come with your Rappier in the left Changer. Instantly step quickly further on to his left side and thrust from below to his face, thus that you stand in Longpoint, when one thrusts or strikes to you thus cut all thrusts or strikes downwards from you with opposition.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 69v.jpg|2|lbl=69v.2}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 69v.jpg|2|lbl=69v.2}}
  
Line 3,726: Line 3,731:
 
| <p>'''Changer'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Changer'''</p>
  
<p>'''Item''' Take him out upwards, strongly from your left from under and gather your weapon in the air besides your left into Ox, Instantly step with your left foot around his right side, and throw him a thrust from under and through the Plow, to his right hip.</p>
+
<p>'''Item''' Take him out upwards, strongly from your left from under and gather your weapon in the air besides your left into Ox. Instantly step with your left foot around his right side, and throw him a thrust from under and through the Plow, to his right hip.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 72v.jpg|1|lbl=72v.1}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 72v.jpg|1|lbl=72v.1}}
  
Line 3,773: Line 3,778:
 
| <p>'''Hanging'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Hanging'''</p>
  
<p>'''Item''' If one thrusts to your chest or face, so take this out from above with the short edge or Flat from your right, between you and he, out to your left side, so that your point is taken downwards to the Ground, Instantly allow a thrust to run over the hand to his face take out also the cut between he and you, through the Hanging, and thrust like before.</p>
+
<p>'''Item''' If one thrusts to your chest or face, so take this out from above with the short edge or Flat from your right, between you and he, out to your left side, so that your point is taken downwards to the ground. Instantly allow a thrust to run over the hand to his face take out also the cut between he and you, through the Hanging, and thrust like before.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 74r.jpg|2|lbl=74r.2}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 74r.jpg|2|lbl=74r.2}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>'''Item''' If one cuts to your feet, then sink the point towards the ground and bar him with the Flat by setting off through the Bastion and thrust him over hand to the face, if one cuts or thrusts to your right thus wind the long edge against his weapon, and suppress his strike to the ground, Cut or thrust in the After.</p>
+
| <p>'''Item''' If one cuts to your feet, then sink the point towards the ground and bar him with the Flat by setting off through the Bastion and thrust him over hand to the face, if one cuts or thrusts to your right thus wind the long edge against his weapon, and suppress his strike to the ground. Cut or thrust in the After.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 74r.jpg|3|lbl=74r.3}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 74r.jpg|3|lbl=74r.3}}
  
Line 3,822: Line 3,827:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| rowspan="2" | [[File:MS A.4º.2 77r.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| rowspan="2" | [[File:MS A.4º.2 77r.jpg|400px|center]]
| <p>'''Mark''' When one thrusts at you from above, thus wind your hilt above you into left Ox, set off his thrust upwards, and when they connect, then thrust him inside to the face, Instantly allow your point to sink towards the Ground, and allow the blade where by, to run through to your left, thrust over the hands to his face Pull your hilt upwards so that the blade runs off besides your right, and cut outside from your left through his right shoulder thus you shoot into the right Changer.</p>
+
| <p>'''Mark''' When one thrusts at you from above, thus wind your hilt above you into left Ox, set off his thrust upwards, and when they connect, then thrust him inside to the face. Instantly allow your point to sink towards the ground, and allow the blade where by, to run through to your left, thrust over the hands to his face Pull your hilt upwards so that the blade runs off besides your right, and cut outside from your left through his right shoulder thus you shoot into the right Changer.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 76v.jpg|1|lbl=76v.1}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 76v.jpg|1|lbl=76v.1}}
  
Line 3,881: Line 3,886:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>'''Item''' If one approaches you in the Iron Door, then thrust him from the right Plow, inside his blade from under jointly, to the face, Instantly have your hilt above you and mutate the under into an Overthrust, cut in with a step to the next opening.</p>
+
| <p>'''Item''' If one approaches you in the Iron Door, then thrust him from the right Plow, inside his blade from under jointly, to the face. Instantly have your hilt above you and mutate the under into an Overthrust, cut in with a step to the next opening.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 81r.jpg|2|lbl=81r.2}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 81r.jpg|2|lbl=81r.2}}
  
Line 3,899: Line 3,904:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>'''Item''' If one approaches you in the Iron Door and has bound on with you, then thrust in on his weapon upwards to the face with a running in, Instantly allow your weapon to run around besides your left and grab with the left hand in the middle of your blade and thrust him to the stomach.</p>
+
| <p>'''Item''' If one approaches you in the Iron Door and has bound on with you, then thrust in on his weapon upwards to the face with a running in. Instantly allow your weapon to run around besides your left and grab with the left hand in the middle of your blade and thrust him to the stomach.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 81v.jpg|2|lbl=81v.2}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 81v.jpg|2|lbl=81v.2}}
  
Line 3,947: Line 3,952:
 
| <p>'''After-cut from below'''</p>
 
| <p>'''After-cut from below'''</p>
  
<p>If you are in the Iron door, and one thrusts to your left, thus suppress him from above, Instantly have the hilt above you into the left Ox and cut quickly with the short edge from below through his face or R. There after thrust through, to a Middle Cut above the hands.</p>
+
<p>If you are in the Iron door, and one thrusts to your left, thus suppress him from above. Instantly have the hilt above you into the left Ox and cut quickly with the short edge from below through his face or R. There after thrust through, to a Middle Cut above the hands.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 82v.jpg|4|lbl=82v.4}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 82v.jpg|4|lbl=82v.4}}
  
Line 4,067: Line 4,072:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>'''Item''' If one thrusts on you and you have your weapon like is above taught, thus drive on and set off the thrust upwards above the head, if he pulls from your displacing and thrusts again, thus wind from above out of the Ox, his other thrust, again around out from and on to your left side with a Great spring to and grab his staff like before, on this lesson, may you defend against a Long Pike, But such a thing is not wise to use, especially against those who will signal their Pullings, where but one is Wrathful and is pressing on you, such techniques are altogether very desirable.</p>
+
| <p>'''Item''' If one thrusts on you and you have your weapon like is above taught, thus drive on and set off the thrust upwards above the head, if he pulls from your displacing and thrusts again, thus wind from above out of the Ox, his other thrust, again around out from and on to your left side with a Great spring to and grab his staff like before, on this lesson, may you defend against a Long Pike. But such a thing is not wise to use, especially against those who will signal their Pullings, where but one is Wrathful and is pressing on you, such techniques are altogether very desirable.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 88v.jpg|2|lbl=88v.2|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 89r.jpg|1|lbl=89r.1|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 88v.jpg|2|lbl=88v.2|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 89r.jpg|1|lbl=89r.1|p=1}}
Line 4,080: Line 4,085:
 
| <p>'''From the Cloak'''</p>
 
| <p>'''From the Cloak'''</p>
  
<p>'''Mark''' When to you one would rush, thus wrap your Cloak around your arm if he cuts above at your head, thus drive his strike on your cloak and thrust instantly with his from under, to his stomach, or if you will not thrust to him, thus cut him through his feet, but if he cuts from under, thus fall with your cloak on it and thrust from above to his face, And before you with the cross, you can drive against all four endings of the strikes and thrusts.</p>
+
<p>'''Mark''' When to you one would rush, thus wrap your Cloak around your arm if he cuts above at your head, thus drive his strike on your cloak and thrust instantly with his from under, to his stomach, or if you will not thrust to him, thus cut him through his feet, but if he cuts from under, thus fall with your cloak on it and thrust from above to his face. And before you with the cross, you can drive against all four endings of the strikes and thrusts.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 89r.jpg|3|lbl=89r.3|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 89v.jpg|1|lbl=89v.1|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 89r.jpg|3|lbl=89r.3|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 89v.jpg|1|lbl=89v.1|p=1}}
Line 4,093: Line 4,098:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| class="noline" |  
 
| class="noline" |  
| class="noline" | <p>Item hold you cloak long and when he cuts at you, thus strike with the cape around his blade and spring to him with striking. Thus you yourself will fight.</p>
+
| class="noline" | <p>Item: Hold you cloak long and when he cuts at you, thus strike with the cape around his blade and spring to him with striking. Thus you yourself will fight.</p>
 
| class="noline" | {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 89v.jpg|3|lbl=89v.3}}
 
| class="noline" | {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 89v.jpg|3|lbl=89v.3}}
  
Line 5,236: Line 5,241:
  
 
{{master subsubsection begin
 
{{master subsubsection begin
  | title = 8 - Of Before, After, During, and Indes
+
  | title = 8 - Of Before, After, During, and ''Indes''
 
  | width = 90em
 
  | width = 90em
 
}}
 
}}
Line 5,332: Line 5,337:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| class="noline" |  
 
| class="noline" |  
| class="noline" | <p>In the pre-fencing come into the right Changer, pay attention that as soon as his sword shows bearing to strike, then before him nimbly strike through above you, and strike with a Traverse from your right at the same time as his, in the strike step on to his left side, if he drives his strike directly at your head, then hit with your Traverse to his left ear, however mark that he doesn’t strike straight to your head by winding his strike with the long edge against your Traverse in the displacement, thus pull the strike with a long Traverse nimbly to his right ear, step just then with your left foot to his right, now you have attacked out of the change with two traverse strikes to each side over against the other. This you take now from the first part to this attack, Forward you will step on to Middle work, then bring yourself to the other part thus, if he slashes from your sword over to the other side, then move after him with a cut against his arm, hit with the strong of your blade, or with your hilt in a jerk away from you, just as he still threatens from the thrust, and still has not yet reached you, then drive to rush out with crossed arms and slash him with the short edge over his right arm to his head; and so that when he reaches you from the thrust, but where he stops you and sweeps away through displacing, then let your sword fly off again, and traverse to his left ear while you step away with your left foot; or where he doesn’t go off or slash around, but stays with the cut or long edge outward, then loop your sword so that your half edge comes at his, ride his sword thus on your right side, but just then let it clip off into the air, so that your hands come together again crosswise high over your head, to then slash him as before, as he reaches from the ride with the short edge over his head, step back following with the left foot, and strike a high traversing middle strike with the long edge from your right to his half, and just as it glides, then pull off to your right with a high strike. Thus you see now how there’s always one part after the other, the application and ordering through must be conceived and executed together, which makes up an entire part of Fencing. Lastly mark here also that the entire engagement can be completed in two or three strikes, where you rush to engage in the first strike, and with the second strike off again and in this strike commit either to the first or last meeting, which needs to be undertaken correctly, or you will lead on there to a third strike. Namely engage with the first, follow after with a second, but when the proper time such must be shown, that you have something worth saying, then mark how one speaks such that you will learn yourself, after which you will learn all other parts in fencing and here on retain your lessons with diligence.</p>
+
| class="noline" | <p>In the pre-fencing come into the right Changer, pay attention that as soon as his sword shows bearing to strike, then before him nimbly strike through above you, and strike with a Traverse from your right at the same time as his, in the strike step on to his left side, if he drives his strike directly at your head, then hit with your Traverse to his left ear, however mark that he doesn’t strike straight to your head by winding his strike with the long edge against your Traverse in the displacement, thus pull the strike with a long Traverse nimbly to his right ear, step just then with your left foot to his right, now you have attacked out of the change with two traverse strikes to each side over against the other. This you take now from the first part to this attack. Forward you will step on to Middle work, then bring yourself to the other part thus, if he slashes from your sword over to the other side, then move after him with a cut against his arm, hit with the strong of your blade, or with your hilt in a jerk away from you, just as he still threatens from the thrust, and still has not yet reached you, then drive to rush out with crossed arms and slash him with the short edge over his right arm to his head; and so that when he reaches you from the thrust, but where he stops you and sweeps away through displacing, then let your sword fly off again, and traverse to his left ear while you step away with your left foot; or where he doesn’t go off or slash around, but stays with the cut or long edge outward, then loop your sword so that your half edge comes at his, ride his sword thus on your right side, but just then let it clip off into the air, so that your hands come together again crosswise high over your head, to then slash him as before, as he reaches from the ride with the short edge over his head, step back following with the left foot, and strike a high traversing middle strike with the long edge from your right to his half, and just as it glides, then pull off to your right with a high strike. Thus you see now how there’s always one part after the other, the application and ordering through must be conceived and executed together, which makes up an entire part of Fencing. Lastly mark here also that the entire engagement can be completed in two or three strikes, where you rush to engage in the first strike, and with the second strike off again and in this strike commit either to the first or last meeting, which needs to be undertaken correctly, or you will lead on there to a third strike. Namely engage with the first, follow after with a second, but when the proper time such must be shown, that you have something worth saying, then mark how one speaks such that you will learn yourself, after which you will learn all other parts in fencing and here on retain your lessons with diligence.</p>
 
| class="noline" |  
 
| class="noline" |  
 
{{section|Page:Gründtliche Beschreibung der Kunst des Fechtens (Joachim Meÿer) 1570.pdf/72|4|lbl=Ⅰ.26r.4|p=1}} {{pagetb|Page:Gründtliche Beschreibung der Kunst des Fechtens (Joachim Meÿer) 1570.pdf|73|lbl=Ⅰ.26v.1|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:Gründtliche Beschreibung der Kunst des Fechtens (Joachim Meÿer) 1570.pdf/72|4|lbl=Ⅰ.26r.4|p=1}} {{pagetb|Page:Gründtliche Beschreibung der Kunst des Fechtens (Joachim Meÿer) 1570.pdf|73|lbl=Ⅰ.26v.1|p=1}}
Line 5,769: Line 5,774:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>The after is, when you have been rushed upon by your opponent how it is reported next and above. Thus you should respond Indes quickly with convenient work, with this, you are strongest on his Stücken, when you lay on with your work in the Vor, and in this you are crowded so that you must displace him after, thus is a constant changing with the Vor and Nach, now you have it, then he does, But he who does not pay attention to it, he will nonetheless never learn to fence.</p>
+
| <p>The after is, when you have been rushed upon by your opponent how it is reported next and above. Thus you should respond ''Indes'' quickly with convenient work, with this, you are strongest on his Stücken, when you lay on with your work in the Vor, and in this you are crowded so that you must displace him after, thus is a constant changing with the Vor and Nach, now you have it, then he does. But he who does not pay attention to it, he will nonetheless never learn to fence.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 5,796: Line 5,801:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| <p>Item If he is yet again, strong or weak, and is usually more watchful of the weak binding before the strong, how hereafter in the fencing it can be seen. With this however the Sword fencing and the following written stuck is more understandable thus as I explain my Zedel according to the rules, as I want the words to have understanding so I have named the order; the Beginning, Middle and End.</p>
+
| <p>Item: If he is yet again, strong or weak, and is usually more watchful of the weak binding before the strong, how hereafter in the fencing it can be seen. With this however the Sword fencing and the following written stuck is more understandable thus as I explain my Zedel according to the rules, as I want the words to have understanding so I have named the order; the Beginning, Middle and End.</p>
 
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|  
 
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Line 5,872: Line 5,877:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>It is every fencer's [desire] that he quickly knows from all strikes, to which opening the cut is coming, Indes quickly there and follow after, if I however can decide, then I want to instruct about the displacing upwards in hanging.</p>
+
| <p>It is every fencer's [desire] that he quickly knows from all strikes, to which opening the cut is coming. ''Indes'' quickly there and follow after, if I however can decide, then I want to instruct about the displacing upwards in hanging.</p>
 
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|  
 
|  
 
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Line 5,930: Line 5,935:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>1<br/><br/><br/><br/>5<br/><br/><br/><br/><br/>10<br/><br/><br/><br/><br/>15<br/><br/><br/><br/><br/>20</small>
 
| <small>1<br/><br/><br/><br/>5<br/><br/><br/><br/><br/>10<br/><br/><br/><br/><br/>15<br/><br/><br/><br/><br/>20</small>
| T<small>ake note: if you want to learn skillful fencing<br/>You should listen diligently to the Recitation.<br/>A fencer should hold themselves to high standards:<br/>Not be a braggart, gambler, or drunk;<br/>[They should] also not blaspheme nor swear,<br/>And not be ashamed to learn.<br/>[They should be] God-fearing, modest, and also calm,<br/>Especially on the day on which they will fence.<br/>[They should] be moderate, honor their elders<br/>And women. Listen further:<br/>You should strive at all times for<br/>All virtues, honor, and virile strength. <br/>So that you can serve<br/>[The] emperor, king, princes, and lords with honor, <br/>And also be useful to the fatherland<br/>And not be a disgrace to the noble art [of fencing].<br/>Also take diligent note of the word Indes, also Weak and Strong,<br/>The Before and the After <br/>Learn feeling to check for soft and hard<br/>Step with the strike whether it is close or far</small>
+
| T<small>ake note: if you want to learn skillful fencing<br/>You should listen diligently to the Recitation.<br/>A fencer should hold themselves to high standards:<br/>Not be a braggart, gambler, or drunk;<br/>[They should] also not blaspheme nor swear,<br/>And not be ashamed to learn.<br/>[They should be] God-fearing, modest, and also calm,<br/>Especially on the day on which they will fence.<br/>[They should] be moderate, honor their elders<br/>And women. Listen further:<br/>You should strive at all times for<br/>All virtues, honor, and virile strength. <br/>So that you can serve<br/>[The] emperor, king, princes, and lords with honor, <br/>And also be useful to the fatherland<br/>And not be a disgrace to the noble art [of fencing].<br/>Also take diligent note of the word ''Indes'', also Weak and Strong,<br/>The Before and the After <br/>Learn feeling to check for soft and hard<br/>Step with the strike whether it is close or far</small>
 
|}
 
|}
 
| {{section|Page:Gründtliche Beschreibung der Kunst des Fechtens (Joachim Meÿer) 1570.pdf/109|1|lbl=Ⅰ.44v.1}}
 
| {{section|Page:Gründtliche Beschreibung der Kunst des Fechtens (Joachim Meÿer) 1570.pdf/109|1|lbl=Ⅰ.44v.1}}
Line 5,941: Line 5,946:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>21<br/><br/><br/><br/>25<br/><br/><br/><br/><br/>30<br/><br/><br/><br/><br/>35<br/><br/><br/><br/><br/>40</small>
 
| <small>21<br/><br/><br/><br/>25<br/><br/><br/><br/><br/>30<br/><br/><br/><br/><br/>35<br/><br/><br/><br/><br/>40</small>
| <small>Keep the division [of the opponent] well in mind<br/>Also guard yourself against great wrath.<br/>Observe the guards and the cuts<br/>So that the counters are obvious to you.<br/>High, Wrath, Middle, and Low:<br/>From them execute all of your marvelous [techniques]: <br/>Squinter, Hairline, Crooked, and Crosswise<br/>And many more techniques according to your desire.<br/>Ensure that you are the first at the field. <br/>Before they [can] adopt a stance, attack them.<br/>Pay attention to Indes; understand me correctly:<br/>Hit them, before they position themselves in a stance.<br/>Whatever stance appears good to you.<br/>Hit them in the After with bold courage.<br/>Guide your cuts powerfully from your body;<br/>Direct your work at the four openings.<br/>If you cut a Crooked Cut, lift quickly.<br/>With crossed hands, throw the point on their hands.<br/>Let the circle touch on the right,<br/>Hold your hands high if you want to mislead them.</small>
+
| <small>Keep the division [of the opponent] well in mind<br/>Also guard yourself against great wrath.<br/>Observe the guards and the cuts<br/>So that the counters are obvious to you.<br/>High, Wrath, Middle, and Low:<br/>From them execute all of your marvelous [techniques]: <br/>Squinter, Hairline, Crooked, and Crosswise<br/>And many more techniques according to your desire.<br/>Ensure that you are the first at the field. <br/>Before they [can] adopt a stance, attack them.<br/>Pay attention to ''Indes''; understand me correctly:<br/>Hit them, before they position themselves in a stance.<br/>Whatever stance appears good to you.<br/>Hit them in the After with bold courage.<br/>Guide your cuts powerfully from your body;<br/>Direct your work at the four openings.<br/>If you cut a Crooked Cut, lift quickly.<br/>With crossed hands, throw the point on their hands.<br/>Let the circle touch on the right,<br/>Hold your hands high if you want to mislead them.</small>
 
|}
 
|}
 
| {{section|Page:Gründtliche Beschreibung der Kunst des Fechtens (Joachim Meÿer) 1570.pdf/109|2|lbl=Ⅰ.44v.2}}
 
| {{section|Page:Gründtliche Beschreibung der Kunst des Fechtens (Joachim Meÿer) 1570.pdf/109|2|lbl=Ⅰ.44v.2}}
Line 5,952: Line 5,957:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| <small>41<br/><br/><br/><br/>45<br/><br/><br/><br/><br/>50<br/><br/><br/><br/><br/>55<br/><br/><br/><br/><br/>60<br/><br/><br/><br/><br/>65</small>
 
| <small>41<br/><br/><br/><br/>45<br/><br/><br/><br/><br/>50<br/><br/><br/><br/><br/>55<br/><br/><br/><br/><br/>60<br/><br/><br/><br/><br/>65</small>
| <small>When you cut a Crooked Cut at their strong,<br/>Take note: turn through, overrun with this.<br/>You should contemplate misleading with the pommel<br/>You will annoy them with Tagging contacts, flicks.<br/>Step well with the Crooked [cut] if you want to counteract, <br/>Crossing over will injure [the opponent].<br/>[Cut a] Crooked Cut at the flat if you want to strengthen yourself. <br/>You should take diligent note of how to weaken them.<br/>As soon as it touches above and glances off,<br/>Pull up to the opening if you want to enrage them.<br/>Also, if you want to shoot through correctly,<br/>Cut Crooked, Short, [or] change through on their ricasso.<br/>Take note: if they want to confuse you with a Crooked Cut,<br/>Remain correctly on the sword and execute the War,<br/>With twists, slices, and whatever else.<br/>Do not let yourself fly too far astray.<br/>Also flick with the Weak at the right. <br/>Flick twice and guard yourself with the ricasso,<br/>And twist strongly around your opponent’s ricasso.<br/>Shove off Indesly and strike swiftly.<br/>You should carry out the Squinter Cut wisely.<br/>You can also double it by twisting.<br/>You should also consider the Crosswise Cut as worthy,<br/>Your skill with the sword becomes compete with it.<br/>The Crosswise Cut can counteract<br/>Everything that comes from the Day.</small>
+
| <small>When you cut a Crooked Cut at their strong,<br/>Take note: turn through, overrun with this.<br/>You should contemplate misleading with the pommel<br/>You will annoy them with Tagging contacts, flicks.<br/>Step well with the Crooked [cut] if you want to counteract, <br/>Crossing over will injure [the opponent].<br/>[Cut a] Crooked Cut at the flat if you want to strengthen yourself. <br/>You should take diligent note of how to weaken them.<br/>As soon as it touches above and glances off,<br/>Pull up to the opening if you want to enrage them.<br/>Also, if you want to shoot through correctly,<br/>Cut Crooked, Short, [or] change through on their ricasso.<br/>Take note: if they want to confuse you with a Crooked Cut,<br/>Remain correctly on the sword and execute the War,<br/>With twists, slices, and whatever else.<br/>Do not let yourself fly too far astray.<br/>Also flick with the Weak at the right. <br/>Flick twice and guard yourself with the ricasso,<br/>And twist strongly around your opponent’s ricasso.<br/>Shove off ''Indesly'' and strike swiftly.<br/>You should carry out the Squinter Cut wisely.<br/>You can also double it by twisting.<br/>You should also consider the Crosswise Cut as worthy,<br/>Your skill with the sword becomes compete with it.<br/>The Crosswise Cut can counteract<br/>Everything that comes from the Day.</small>
 
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|}
 
| {{section|Page:Gründtliche Beschreibung der Kunst des Fechtens (Joachim Meÿer) 1570.pdf/110|1|lbl=Ⅰ.45r.1}}
 
| {{section|Page:Gründtliche Beschreibung der Kunst des Fechtens (Joachim Meÿer) 1570.pdf/110|1|lbl=Ⅰ.45r.1}}
Line 6,047: Line 6,052:
 
| <p>And firstly when one will cut straight to your head, from his right, thus step with your right foot well out from his strike, to his left, so that you avoid his strike with a spring to his left and likewise cut from your right with crossed hands, against his cut, thus you come with your blade between his head and sword, on his short edge, which is facing him, and when it connects, then step further around to his left side with your right foot, and displace or transfer your sword's blade from his, onto his arm, between his head and sword, in this you will have seen the opening, to which the you may cut and see that you don't wait long but rather allow your cuts to fly quickly to the openings.</p>
 
| <p>And firstly when one will cut straight to your head, from his right, thus step with your right foot well out from his strike, to his left, so that you avoid his strike with a spring to his left and likewise cut from your right with crossed hands, against his cut, thus you come with your blade between his head and sword, on his short edge, which is facing him, and when it connects, then step further around to his left side with your right foot, and displace or transfer your sword's blade from his, onto his arm, between his head and sword, in this you will have seen the opening, to which the you may cut and see that you don't wait long but rather allow your cuts to fly quickly to the openings.</p>
  
<p>Item Note when you approach him in the Zufechten, then see when he shows his arm will strike, thus cross your hands while in the air yet that they remain high, and throw the point at his hand or arms, that is the weak or the furthest part of the blade, and that should happen when he goes up to strike, and before he is ready, thus be on his blade, with a Thwart cut, for such techniques should fly and go quickly.</p>
+
<p>Item: Note when you approach him in the Zufechten, then see when he shows his arm will strike, thus cross your hands while in the air yet that they remain high, and throw the point at his hand or arms, that is the weak or the furthest part of the blade, and that should happen when he goes up to strike, and before he is ready, thus be on his blade, with a Thwart cut, for such techniques should fly and go quickly.</p>
 
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{{section|Page:Gründtliche Beschreibung der Kunst des Fechtens (Joachim Meÿer) 1570.pdf/114|4|lbl=Ⅰ.47r.4|p=1}} {{section|Page:Gründtliche Beschreibung der Kunst des Fechtens (Joachim Meÿer) 1570.pdf/115|1|lbl=Ⅰ.47v.1|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:Gründtliche Beschreibung der Kunst des Fechtens (Joachim Meÿer) 1570.pdf/114|4|lbl=Ⅰ.47r.4|p=1}} {{section|Page:Gründtliche Beschreibung der Kunst des Fechtens (Joachim Meÿer) 1570.pdf/115|1|lbl=Ⅰ.47v.1|p=1}}
Line 6,069: Line 6,074:
 
| <p>'''A good Stück from the Circle'''</p>
 
| <p>'''A good Stück from the Circle'''</p>
  
<p>When you stand before one in this same work, how you have previously been taught, thus pay attention when your advantage will come, then step aside at once with your left foot out to your left side, and cut with a circle to his right while you are stepping but that in running past to the right, it grazes, and also with this Circle, step through with your right foot between you and him, in to his right side, with this stepping through, cut a Zwerchhau from your right to his left, forwards to the face Indes spring well out to his right and cut him long after to his head.</p>
+
<p>When you stand before one in this same work, how you have previously been taught, thus pay attention when your advantage will come, then step aside at once with your left foot out to your left side, and cut with a circle to his right while you are stepping but that in running past to the right, it grazes, and also with this Circle, step through with your right foot between you and him, in to his right side, with this stepping through, cut a Zwerchhau from your right to his left, forwards to the face ''Indes'' spring well out to his right and cut him long after to his head.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Gründtliche Beschreibung der Kunst des Fechtens (Joachim Meÿer) 1570.pdf/115|3|lbl=Ⅰ.47v.3}}
 
| {{section|Page:Gründtliche Beschreibung der Kunst des Fechtens (Joachim Meÿer) 1570.pdf/115|3|lbl=Ⅰ.47v.3}}
 
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Line 6,093: Line 6,098:
 
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| <p>'''Counter''' - Let go the left hand, and allow him to wrench without avail, Indes drive after his upwards pressing, with your slice to his arms, do not allow him to come to any further work, nor to cut freely, when you see your advantage, at once, allow your sword to fly to the next opening.</p>
+
| <p>'''Counter''' - Let go the left hand, and allow him to wrench without avail. ''Indes'' drive after his upwards pressing, with your slice to his arms, do not allow him to come to any further work, nor to cut freely, when you see your advantage, at once, allow your sword to fly to the next opening.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Gründtliche Beschreibung der Kunst des Fechtens (Joachim Meÿer) 1570.pdf/117|3|lbl=Ⅰ.48v.3}}
 
| {{section|Page:Gründtliche Beschreibung der Kunst des Fechtens (Joachim Meÿer) 1570.pdf/117|3|lbl=Ⅰ.48v.3}}
 
|  
 
|  
Line 6,101: Line 6,106:
 
| <p>Cut Crooked to his Flat<br/>And you will Weaken the Master</p>
 
| <p>Cut Crooked to his Flat<br/>And you will Weaken the Master</p>
  
<p>This is a lesson how you shall weaken one's incoming strike, and goes thus, In Zufechten pay attention when he cuts in at you from his right, then step well out from his strike and cut with crossed hands and the Long edge onto the strong of his sword's blade, on the Flat, thereby you weaken him, so that he can barely recover for another strike, then before he recovers you are on his head with winding and flicking.</p>
+
<p>This is a lesson how you shall weaken one's incoming strike, and goes thus. In Zufechten pay attention when he cuts in at you from his right, then step well out from his strike and cut with crossed hands and the Long edge onto the strong of his sword's blade, on the Flat, thereby you weaken him, so that he can barely recover for another strike, then before he recovers you are on his head with winding and flicking.</p>
  
 
<p>The Counter you should mark that when one meets you with a crooked cut, to your on coming strike, to weaken you, then change through nimbly under his blade and work to his side from which he sent his Crooked cut.</p>
 
<p>The Counter you should mark that when one meets you with a crooked cut, to your on coming strike, to weaken you, then change through nimbly under his blade and work to his side from which he sent his Crooked cut.</p>
Line 6,205: Line 6,210:
 
| '''Stuck'''
 
| '''Stuck'''
  
If one strikes a Crooked cut at you from his right, then set off his cut upward with the long edge and when it clashes, then remain with the bind on his blade, wind Indes your pommel up toward his left and the blade down toward his left, the short edge at his left ear, that all this shall occur at the same time as one step. Thus surely you hit, but if he is shrewd and turns the Crooked Cut into the Long point, then wind the short edge with a flick inward at his head, then at once wind through again underneath with the pommel on your left side, thus cast over his blade or arm with the pommel, and wrench out, or whatever the situation will be, then undertake another device.
+
If one strikes a Crooked cut at you from his right, then set off his cut upward with the long edge and when it clashes, then remain with the bind on his blade, wind ''Indes'' your pommel up toward his left and the blade down toward his left, the short edge at his left ear, that all this shall occur at the same time as one step. Thus surely you hit, but if he is shrewd and turns the Crooked Cut into the Long point, then wind the short edge with a flick inward at his head, then at once wind through again underneath with the pommel on your left side, thus cast over his blade or arm with the pommel, and wrench out, or whatever the situation will be, then undertake another device.
 
| <br/>
 
| <br/>
  
Line 6,230: Line 6,235:
 
| <p>Also wind forcefully against his shield,<br/>Instantly shove him away and strike swiftly.</p>
 
| <p>Also wind forcefully against his shield,<br/>Instantly shove him away and strike swiftly.</p>
  
<p>That is when an opponent would defend off your double flicks and sets you off, thus catch his shield with yours and shove out; away from you sideways, Indes let your short edge snap around deep at his other opposite opening.</p>
+
<p>That is when an opponent would defend off your double flicks and sets you off, thus catch his shield with yours and shove out; away from you sideways, ''Indes'' let your short edge snap around deep at his other opposite opening.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Gründtliche Beschreibung der Kunst des Fechtens (Joachim Meÿer) 1570.pdf/123|3|lbl=Ⅰ.51v.3}}
 
| {{section|Page:Gründtliche Beschreibung der Kunst des Fechtens (Joachim Meÿer) 1570.pdf/123|3|lbl=Ⅰ.51v.3}}
 
|  
 
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Line 6,286: Line 6,291:
 
| <p><br/></p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
  
<p>'''Item''' If one changes through under your Squinting Cut to your right side, then remain nevertheless with the point right before his face and turn the long edge against his blade, allow Indes your pommel to go through under your right arm and step with your left foot well to his right side. Thus he has changed through in vain, for you come at his head with the first Squinting Cut and crossed hands, At once allow it to run off by his right side using the Circle and Thwart to his left.</p>
+
<p>'''Item''' If one changes through under your Squinting Cut to your right side, then remain nevertheless with the point right before his face and turn the long edge against his blade, allow ''Indes'' your pommel to go through under your right arm and step with your left foot well to his right side. Thus he has changed through in vain, for you come at his head with the first Squinting Cut and crossed hands. At once allow it to run off by his right side using the Circle and Thwart to his left.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Gründtliche Beschreibung der Kunst des Fechtens (Joachim Meÿer) 1570.pdf/126|1|lbl=Ⅰ.53r.1}}
 
| {{section|Page:Gründtliche Beschreibung der Kunst des Fechtens (Joachim Meÿer) 1570.pdf/126|1|lbl=Ⅰ.53r.1}}
 
|  
 
|  
Line 6,294: Line 6,299:
 
| <p>'''Counter to the Plow'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Counter to the Plow'''</p>
  
<p>Note when an opponent comes before you in the guard of the Plow, then attack happily with the Squinting Cut, As soon as he drives out, then work to his lower openings and further to all four openings.</p>
+
<p>Note when an opponent comes before you in the guard of the Plow, then attack happily with the Squinting Cut. As soon as he drives out, then work to his lower openings and further to all four openings.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Gründtliche Beschreibung der Kunst des Fechtens (Joachim Meÿer) 1570.pdf/126|2|lbl=Ⅰ.53r.2}}
 
| {{section|Page:Gründtliche Beschreibung der Kunst des Fechtens (Joachim Meÿer) 1570.pdf/126|2|lbl=Ⅰ.53r.2}}
 
|  
 
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Line 6,302: Line 6,307:
 
| <p>'''Counter to the Long Point'''</p>
 
| <p>'''Counter to the Long Point'''</p>
  
<p>Item if one stands before you in the Long Point, thus position yourself with the gesture that you would cut in with a long High cut to his left ear, do not do this, but rather turn in the air and cut a strong Squinter cut to his sword, when it clashes, then slice the point forward into his face so that he must displace. When he drives upwards then pull your sword around your head in a flight and cut with the short edge and crossed hands; athwart to his right ear, allow the left hand to go well out and thus the short edge goes deep. Pull again around your head and wrench out his blade with the flat from your right athwart to his left, so that your sword again flies around above your head and allow the short edge to shoot in deep to his left ear, at once cut two undercuts to his right and left, Indes cut away.</p>
+
<p>Item: If one stands before you in the Long Point, thus position yourself with the gesture that you would cut in with a long High cut to his left ear, do not do this, but rather turn in the air and cut a strong Squinter cut to his sword, when it clashes, then slice the point forward into his face so that he must displace. When he drives upwards then pull your sword around your head in a flight and cut with the short edge and crossed hands; athwart to his right ear, allow the left hand to go well out and thus the short edge goes deep. Pull again around your head and wrench out his blade with the flat from your right athwart to his left, so that your sword again flies around above your head and allow the short edge to shoot in deep to his left ear, at once cut two undercuts to his right and left, ''Indes'' cut away.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Gründtliche Beschreibung der Kunst des Fechtens (Joachim Meÿer) 1570.pdf/126|3|lbl=Ⅰ.53r.3}}
 
| {{section|Page:Gründtliche Beschreibung der Kunst des Fechtens (Joachim Meÿer) 1570.pdf/126|3|lbl=Ⅰ.53r.3}}
 
|  
 
|  
Line 6,310: Line 6,315:
 
| <p><br/></p>
 
| <p><br/></p>
  
<p>Item If an opponent comes before you who will gladly bind long on to you from above or sends his first stroke long at you from the Roof, then when you are near to him or have come to him, slash through before him, up and out to your left, so that your sword's blade shoots around over your head in the Plunge to his left, Indes allow your sword to snap around back over your head, the right hand over the left and strike in at his right ear with the short edge at the same time as his strike, how it is taught above, do this correctly and step well there to him thus you will hit. So then this Stück is only on going, if he displaces however and drives out how he then (when he will displace) must drive out, at once pull around your head and cut him with the Long Edge from below athwart to his Left radial forearm, close to his pommel to the wrist. Of these two openings, one will be apparent to you, Pull your Hilt again upwards around your head and cut long with a strong cut to his upper left head, in these three strikes, step well with both your feet, in a double, step around his left side, thus the cuts go on well, this a good and earnest Stück, when you will seek to send it home.</p>
+
<p>Item: If an opponent comes before you who will gladly bind long on to you from above or sends his first stroke long at you from the Roof, then when you are near to him or have come to him, slash through before him, up and out to your left, so that your sword's blade shoots around over your head in the Plunge to his left, ''Indes'' allow your sword to snap around back over your head, the right hand over the left and strike in at his right ear with the short edge at the same time as his strike, how it is taught above, do this correctly and step well there to him thus you will hit. So then this Stück is only on going, if he displaces however and drives out how he then (when he will displace) must drive out, at once pull around your head and cut him with the Long Edge from below athwart to his Left radial forearm, close to his pommel to the wrist. Of these two openings, one will be apparent to you, Pull your Hilt again upwards around your head and cut long with a strong cut to his upper left head, in these three strikes, step well with both your feet, in a double, step around his left side, thus the cuts go on well, this a good and earnest Stück, when you will seek to send it home.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Gründtliche Beschreibung der Kunst des Fechtens (Joachim Meÿer) 1570.pdf/127|1|lbl=Ⅰ.53v.1}}
 
| {{section|Page:Gründtliche Beschreibung der Kunst des Fechtens (Joachim Meÿer) 1570.pdf/127|1|lbl=Ⅰ.53v.1}}
 
|  
 
|  
Line 6,326: Line 6,331:
 
| <p>'''The Double Squinter'''</p>
 
| <p>'''The Double Squinter'''</p>
  
<p>Item At the Start, thus cut against his cut from your right, with a Squinter to his sword, when this clashes, then reverse your sword on his blade and slide off to your left, step out with the right, continuing towards his left side, allow your blade to drive around your head and cut the next Squinter to his head, also from your right above and in deep to his left. Then cut a double squinter, nimbly, one into the other, stepping to his left, this is a very swift Stück against slow fencers who fight with their arms far from themselves.</p>
+
<p>Item: At the Start, thus cut against his cut from your right, with a Squinter to his sword, when this clashes, then reverse your sword on his blade and slide off to your left, step out with the right, continuing towards his left side, allow your blade to drive around your head and cut the next Squinter to his head, also from your right above and in deep to his left. Then cut a double squinter, nimbly, one into the other, stepping to his left, this is a very swift Stück against slow fencers who fight with their arms far from themselves.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Gründtliche Beschreibung der Kunst des Fechtens (Joachim Meÿer) 1570.pdf/128|1|lbl=Ⅰ.54r.1}}
 
| {{section|Page:Gründtliche Beschreibung der Kunst des Fechtens (Joachim Meÿer) 1570.pdf/128|1|lbl=Ⅰ.54r.1}}
 
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Line 6,383: Line 6,388:
 
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|  
 
|  
| <p>'''Item''' To the Crossing over, Falling and others which are similar, as soon as you realize that he will change through, then fall from such work into the Long Slice, to the opening that he gives you by changing through. For often when he changes through he opens himself, And when you travel after to his opening, then watch for his sword with the long edge, if it would come too near to you, that you turn the strong against him and at the same time, remain on his opening with the short edge, as soon as you have connected, then remain no longer but rather let it quickly fly away from one opening to another.</p>
+
| <p>'''Item''' To the Crossing over, Falling and others which are similar, as soon as you realize that he will change through, then fall from such work into the Long Slice, to the opening that he gives you by changing through. For often when he changes through he opens himself. And when you travel after to his opening, then watch for his sword with the long edge, if it would come too near to you, that you turn the strong against him and at the same time, remain on his opening with the short edge, as soon as you have connected, then remain no longer but rather let it quickly fly away from one opening to another.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Gründtliche Beschreibung der Kunst des Fechtens (Joachim Meÿer) 1570.pdf/130|3|lbl=Ⅰ.55r.3}}
 
| {{section|Page:Gründtliche Beschreibung der Kunst des Fechtens (Joachim Meÿer) 1570.pdf/130|3|lbl=Ⅰ.55r.3}}
 
|  
 
|  
Line 6,523: Line 6,528:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| [[File:Meyer 1570 Sword N.png|center|400px]]
 
| [[File:Meyer 1570 Sword N.png|center|400px]]
| <p>Item, if he thwarts from under, so that you can't come from below thus catch his Thwart on your shield with diverting, so that your blade hangs over his.</p>
+
| <p>Item: If he thwarts from under, so that you can't come from below thus catch his Thwart on your shield with diverting, so that your blade hangs over his.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Gründtliche Beschreibung der Kunst des Fechtens (Joachim Meÿer) 1570.pdf/136|5|lbl=Ⅰ.58r.5}}
 
| {{section|Page:Gründtliche Beschreibung der Kunst des Fechtens (Joachim Meÿer) 1570.pdf/136|5|lbl=Ⅰ.58r.5}}
 
|  
 
|  
Line 6,596: Line 6,601:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| rowspan="2" | [[File:MS A.4º.2 34r.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| rowspan="2" | [[File:MS A.4º.2 34r.jpg|400px|center]]
| <p>In the onset cut with your long edge to his left ear, as soon as this clashes or connects, pull around your head and cut the next also with the long edge, to his lower right opening, then third, to his lower left opening the fourth to his upper right opening, these 4 cuts should go quickly from one into another, And all strikes should be well to the body, also you should do these cuts with the short edge, to the four openings of the man.</p>
+
| <p>In the onset cut with your long edge to his left ear, as soon as this clashes or connects, pull around your head and cut the next also with the long edge, to his lower right opening, then third, to his lower left opening the fourth to his upper right opening, these 4 cuts should go quickly from one into another. And all strikes should be well to the body, also you should do these cuts with the short edge, to the four openings of the man.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 6,607: Line 6,612:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>Similarly when you come with the thwart strike against one another over-handed, it is with the long, short or flat. When you do these four cuts and have learned to strike also to the four openings, thus learn also pulling, threatening, failing and then know the same from these following writings; step and cut to his upper left opening, but do not let this hit, rather when you come merely on his sword with this strike, then pull off again to a flight, and strike him to his lower right opening and cut or strike still to him the first confidently to his upper openings to the left, thus you may pull and fail with them to all 4 openings Crosswise and athwart above, also your benefit is to learn the Circle cut, this is an Over and under cut together on one side, short and long and with the flat from such is known in the first assault, cut a long High cut to his left ear, and when this clashes thus pull both cuts upwards so that your Pommel comes through under your right, and cut with the long edge from under to his left. Step Indes with your left foot behind yours and come with the hilt high above your head. And still again then cut the first an undercut with the Long edge to his lower opening with a step to of your right foot, quickly pull upwards besides your right and cut the other from above to his left, with a back-step of your left foot behind your right, so that you stand covered behind your blade.</p>
+
| <p>Similarly when you come with the thwart strike against one another over-handed, it is with the long, short or flat. When you do these four cuts and have learned to strike also to the four openings, thus learn also pulling, threatening, failing and then know the same from these following writings; step and cut to his upper left opening, but do not let this hit, rather when you come merely on his sword with this strike, then pull off again to a flight, and strike him to his lower right opening and cut or strike still to him the first confidently to his upper openings to the left, thus you may pull and fail with them to all 4 openings Crosswise and athwart above, also your benefit is to learn the Circle cut, this is an Over and under cut together on one side, short and long and with the flat from such is known in the first assault, cut a long High cut to his left ear, and when this clashes thus pull both cuts upwards so that your Pommel comes through under your right, and cut with the long edge from under to his left. Step ''Indes'' with your left foot behind yours and come with the hilt high above your head. And still again then cut the first an undercut with the Long edge to his lower opening with a step to of your right foot, quickly pull upwards besides your right and cut the other from above to his left, with a back-step of your left foot behind your right, so that you stand covered behind your blade.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 6,615: Line 6,620:
 
| <p>'''Stück'''
 
| <p>'''Stück'''
  
<p>Item, Pull from your right a high strike to his left, but in the air, cross your hands and strike with the half edge to his left ear, Pull your hands again upwards, and strike with a Thwarter again from below to his left ear, thus also still again cut the Thwart from below to his left, with a step to Quickly pull upwards besides your right and thrust rapidly your pommel through under your right arm, and wind then with crossed hands again from your upper right in to his left, for this known strike, is also with the Flat from below and above together on one side, that goes for both sides and mark when you strike to the lower right opening, this is long or short, thus your cut comes crosswise and opposite but to the upper openings you come not crosswise, but like in the old Schielhau, thus step to him and shoot before through and strike with the half edge from you left to his right, not crossed, but over you right hand, pull nimbly again above you towards your left and cross your hands in the air, strike him with crossed hands to his lower openings from your left, in this, show that your head is well behind your blade, some twice or three times to his right thus you come also with the flat and long edge from under and above besides his right to his strikes, how it is taught, like when you connect above but quickly cut low.</p>
+
<p>Item: Pull from your right a high strike to his left, but in the air, cross your hands and strike with the half edge to his left ear, Pull your hands again upwards, and strike with a Thwarter again from below to his left ear, thus also still again cut the Thwart from below to his left, with a step to Quickly pull upwards besides your right and thrust rapidly your pommel through under your right arm, and wind then with crossed hands again from your upper right in to his left, for this known strike, is also with the Flat from below and above together on one side, that goes for both sides and mark when you strike to the lower right opening, this is long or short, thus your cut comes crosswise and opposite but to the upper openings you come not crosswise, but like in the old Schielhau, thus step to him and shoot before through and strike with the half edge from you left to his right, not crossed, but over you right hand, pull nimbly again above you towards your left and cross your hands in the air, strike him with crossed hands to his lower openings from your left, in this, show that your head is well behind your blade, some twice or three times to his right thus you come also with the flat and long edge from under and above besides his right to his strikes, how it is taught, like when you connect above but quickly cut low.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 6,655: Line 6,660:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>Item Have diligence when you attack that you will sling to the high-cut or Zwerch strike, where he lets you shoot, see that you don't sling it, but rather fall off again.</p>
+
| <p>Item: Have diligence when you attack that you will sling to the high-cut or Zwerch strike, where he lets you shoot, see that you don't sling it, but rather fall off again.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 10,146: Line 10,151:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| [[File:Meyer 1570 Staff C.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[File:Meyer 1570 Staff C.jpg|400px|center]]
| <p>Item: bind him from your left against his right, hard on his staff in front of his hand; stay with the same point hard on his staff, and wind the butt of your staff (with a spring of your right foot) over his staff, and over his right shoulder around his neck. Step further with your right foot behind his left, and throw him over your right leg, as you can see printed in Figure C.</p>
+
| <p>Item: Bind him from your left against his right, hard on his staff in front of his hand; stay with the same point hard on his staff, and wind the butt of your staff (with a spring of your right foot) over his staff, and over his right shoulder around his neck. Step further with your right foot behind his left, and throw him over your right leg, as you can see printed in Figure C.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:Gründtliche Beschreibung der Kunst des Fechtens (Joachim Meÿer) 1570.pdf/424|3|lbl=Ⅲ.30r.3}}
 
| {{section|Page:Gründtliche Beschreibung der Kunst des Fechtens (Joachim Meÿer) 1570.pdf/424|3|lbl=Ⅲ.30r.3}}
  
Line 10,713: Line 10,718:
 
| <p>'''{{redu|u=2|The 4. Rule}}:'''</p>
 
| <p>'''{{redu|u=2|The 4. Rule}}:'''</p>
  
<p>As often you got astray, or you are misled by him, has lost your way, and you may get wounded so, the cuts learn, with ''dempfen'', Backstrikes makes you healthy again, that you bring fast at time. If you get driven out of your ring the next line find you previously seek again, with strikes up and down, so that to work you come again.</p>
+
<p>As often you got astray, or you are misled by him, has lost your way, and you may get wounded so, the cuts learn, with ''dempfen''. Backstrikes makes you healthy again, that you bring fast at time. If you get driven out of your ring the next line find you previously seek again, with strikes up and down, so that to work you come again.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 003r.png|4|lbl=3r.4}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 003r.png|4|lbl=3r.4}}
  
Line 10,894: Line 10,899:
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>12m Item: if one runs to you with a high cut or or thrust, then parry with the anger cut quickly under his sword, spring to him with your right behind his right. At the same time,<ref name="indes"/> catch his right hand with your left reversed hand, torque it upwards, over his right shoulder, and at the same time as all this, drive in with the pommel into his face, throw him thus. But if he grabs his dagger, then cut him with the long edge to the hand. Push from you, so he must fall.</p>
+
| <p>12m Item: If one runs to you with a high cut or or thrust, then parry with the anger cut quickly under his sword, spring to him with your right behind his right. At the same time,<ref name="indes"/> catch his right hand with your left reversed hand, torque it upwards, over his right shoulder, and at the same time as all this, drive in with the pommel into his face, throw him thus. But if he grabs his dagger, then cut him with the long edge to the hand. Push from you, so he must fall.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 114v.png|1|lbl=114v}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 114v.png|1|lbl=114v}}
  
Line 11,074: Line 11,079:
 
<p>''Under cut''</p>
 
<p>''Under cut''</p>
  
<p>Item: cut an undercut from your left side hard towards his right. At the same time<ref name="indes"/> step with your left to his right, wind your haft downwards, and stab him to the stomach.</p>
+
<p>Item: Cut an undercut from your left side hard towards his right. At the same time<ref name="indes"/> step with your left to his right, wind your haft downwards, and stab him to the stomach.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 117v.png|3|lbl=-}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 117v.png|3|lbl=-}}
  
Line 11,084: Line 11,089:
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>Item: cut two undercuts one into the other along with their steps, thrust to the nearest opening.</p>
+
| <p>Item: Cut two undercuts one into the other along with their steps, thrust to the nearest opening.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 118r.png|1|lbl=118r}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS Var.82 118r.png|1|lbl=118r}}
  
Line 11,094: Line 11,099:
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  
 
|  
| <p>Item: when one cuts at you from below, then fall onto it with the long edge. As soon as you go onto him, travel after him with a thrust.</p>
+
| <p>Item: When one cuts at you from below, then fall onto it with the long edge. As soon as you go onto him, travel after him with a thrust.</p>
  
 
<p>''Traveling after''</p>
 
<p>''Traveling after''</p>

Revision as of 00:40, 3 April 2024

Joachim Meyer
Born ca. 1537
Basel, Germany
Died 24 February 1571 (aged 34)
Schwerin, Germany
Spouse(s) Appolonia Ruhlman
Occupation
Citizenship Strasbourg
Patron
  • Georg Johann Ⅰ
  • Heinrich von Eberst
Movement Freifechter
Influences
Influenced
Genres Fencing manual
Language Early New High German
Notable work(s) Gründtliche Beschreibung der... Kunst des
Fechtens
(1570)
Manuscript(s)
First printed
english edition
Forgeng, 2006
Concordance by Michael Chidester
Translations
Signature Joachim Meyer sig.jpg

Joachim Meyer (ca. 1537 - 1571)[1] was a 16th century German cutler, Freifechter, and fencing master. He was the last major figure in the tradition of the German grand master Johannes Liechtenauer, and in the later years of his life he devised at least four distinct and quite extensive fencing manuals. Meyer's writings incorporate both the traditional Germanic technical syllabus and contemporary systems that he encountered in his travels, including Italian rapier fencing. In addition to his fencing practice, Meyer was a Burgher and a master cutler.[2]

Meyer was born in Basel,[3] where he presumably apprenticed as a cutler. He writes in his books that he traveled widely in his youth, most likely a reference to the traditional Walz that journeyman craftsmen were required to take before being eligible for mastery and membership in a guild. Journeymen were often sent to stand watch and participate in town and city militias (a responsibility that would have been amplified for the warlike cutlers' guild), and Meyer learned a great deal about foreign fencing systems during his travels. It's been speculated by some fencing historians that he trained specifically in the Bolognese school of fencing, but this doesn't stand up to closer analysis.[4]

Records show that by 4 June 1560 he had settled in Strasbourg, where he married Appolonia Ruhlman (Ruelman)[1] and was granted the rank of master cutler. His interests had already moved beyond smithing, however, and in 1561, Meyer's petition to the City Council of Strasbourg for the right to hold a Fechtschule was granted. He would repeat this in 1563, 1566, 1567 and 1568;[5] the 1568 petition is the first extant record in which he identifies himself as a fencing master.

Meyer probably wrote his first manuscript (MS Bibl. 2465) in 1561 for Georg Johann Ⅰ, Count Palatine of Veldenz,[6] and his second (MS A.4º.2) in 1568 for Otto (later Count of Solms-Sonnewalde).[7] Both of these manuscripts contain a series of lessons on training with long sword, dusack, and rapier; the 1561 also covers dagger, polearms, and armored fencing. His third manuscript (MS Var.82), written between 1563 and 1571 and containing a dedication at the end to Heinrich, Count of Eberstein, is of a decidedly different nature. Like many fencing manuscripts from the previous century, it is an anthology of treatises by a number of prominent German masters including Sigmund ain Ringeck, pseudo-Peter von Danzig, and Martin Syber, and also includes a brief outline by Meyer himself on a system of rapier fencing based on German Messer teachings.

Finally, on 24 February 1570, Meyer completed an enormous treatise entitled Gründtliche Beschreibung, der freyen Ritterlichen unnd Adelichen kunst des Fechtens, in allerley gebreuchlichen Wehren, mit vil schönen und nützlichen Figuren gezieret und fürgestellet ("A Thorough Description of the Free, Chivalric, and Noble Art of Fencing, Showing Various Customary Defenses, Affected and Put Forth with Many Handsome and Useful Drawings"); it was dedicated to Johann Casimir, Count Palatine of Simmern,[6] and illustrated at the workshop of Tobias Stimmer.[8] It contains all of the weapons of the 1561 and '68 manuscripts apart from fencing in armor, and dramatically expands his teachings on each.

Unfortunately, Meyer's writing and publication efforts incurred significant debts (about 300 crowns), which Meyer pledged to repay by Christmas of 1571.[1] Late in 1570, Meyer accepted the position of Fechtmeister to Duke Johann Albrecht of Mecklenburg at his court in Schwerin. There Meyer hoped to sell his book for a better price than was offered locally (30 florins). Meyer sent his books ahead to Schwerin, and left from Strasbourg on 4 January 1571 after receiving his pay. He traveled the 800 miles to Schwerin in the middle of a harsh winter, arriving at the court on 10 February 1571. Two weeks later, on 24 February, Joachim Meyer died. The cause of his death is unknown, possibly disease or pneumonia.[5]

Antoni Rulman, Appolonia’s brother, became her legal guardian after Joachim’s death. On 15 May 1571, he had a letter written by the secretary of the Strasbourg city chamber and sent to the Duke of Mecklenburg stating that Antoni was now the widow Meyer’s guardian; it politely reminded the Duke who Joachim Meyer was, Meyer’s publishing efforts and considerable debt, requested that the Duke send Meyer’s personal affects and his books to Appolonia, and attempted to sell some (if not all) of the books to the Duke.[1]

Appolonia remarried in April 1572 to another cutler named Hans Kuele, bestowing upon him the status of Burgher and Meyer's substantial debts. Joachim Meyer and Hans Kuele are both mentioned in the minutes of Cutlers' Guild archives; Kuele may have made an impression if we can judge that fact by the number of times he is mentioned. It is believed that Appolonia and either her husband or her brother were involved with the second printing of his book in 1600. According to other sources, it was reprinted yet again in 1610 and in 1660.[9][10]

Contents

Treatises

Joachim Meyer's writings are preserved in three manuscripts prepared in the 1560s: the 1561 MS Bibl. 2465 (Munich), dedicated to Georg Johannes von Veldenz; the 1563-68 MS A.4º.2 (Lund), dedicated to Otto von Solms; and the MS Var. 82 (Rostock), including notes on teachings from Stephan Heinrich von Eberstein and which Meyer may have still been working at the time of his death in 1571. Dwarfing these works is the massive book he published in 1570 entitled Gründtliche Beschreibung der ...Kunst des Fechtens ("A Thorough Description of the... Art of Fencing"), dedicated to Johann Kasimir von Pfalz-Simmern. Meyer's writings purport to teach the entire art of fencing, something that he claimed had never been done before, and encompass a wide variety of teachings from disparate sources and traditions. To achieve this goal, Meyer seems to have constructed his treatises as a series of progressive lessons, describing a process for learning to fence rather than merely outlining the underlying theory or listing the techniques. In keeping with this, he illustrates his techniques with depictions of fencers in courtyards using training weapons such as two-handed foils, wooden dusacks, and rapiers with ball tips.

The first section of Meyer's treatise is devoted to the long sword (the sword in two hands), which he describes as the foundational weapon of his system, and this section devotes the most space to fundamentals like stance and footwork. His long sword system draws upon the teachings of Freifechter Andre Paurenfeyndt (via Christian Egenolff's reprint) and Liechtenauer glossators Sigmund ain Ringeck and Lew, as well as using terminology otherwise unique to the brief Recital of Martin Syber. Not content merely to compile these teachings as his contemporary Paulus Hector Mair was doing, Meyer sought to update—even reinvent—them in various ways to fit the martial climate of the late sixteenth century, including adapting many techniques to accommodate the increased momentum of a greatsword and modifying others to use beats with the flat and winding slices in place of thrusts to comply with street-fighting laws in German cities (and the rules of the Fechtschule).

The second section of Meyer's treatises is designed to address new weapons gaining traction in German lands, the dusack and the rapier, and thereby find places for them in the German tradition. His early Lund manuscript presents a more summarized syllabus of techniques for these weapons, while his printed book goes into greater depth and is structured more in the fashion of lesson plans.[11] Meyer's dusack system, designed for the broad proto-sabers that spread into German lands from Eastern Europe in the 16th century,[12] combines the old Messer teachings of Johannes Lecküchner and the dusack teachings of Andre Paurenfeyndt with other unknown systems (some have speculated that they might include early Polish or Hungarian saber systems). His rapier system, designed for the lighter single-hand swords spreading north from Iberian and Italian lands, seems again to be a hybrid creation, integrating both the core teachings of the 15th century Liechtenauer tradition as well as components that are characteristic of the various regional Mediterranean fencing systems (including, perhaps, teachings derived from the treatise of Achille Marozzo). Interestingly, Meyer's rapier teachings in the Rostock seem to represent an attempt to unify these two weapon system, outlining a method for rapier fencing that includes key elements of his dusack teachings; it is unclear why this method did not appear in his book, but given the dates it may be that they represent his last musings on the weapon, written in the time between the completion of his book in 1570 and his death a year later.

The third section of Meyer's treatise is omitted in the Lund manuscript but present in the Munich and the 1570, and covers dagger, wrestling, and various pole weapons; to this, the Munich adds several plays of armored fencing. His dagger teachings, designed primarily for urban self-defense, seem to be based in part on the writings of Bolognese master Achille Marozzo,[13] but also include much unique content of unknown origin (perhaps the anonymous dagger teachings in his Rostock manuscript). His staff material makes up the bulk of this section, beginning with the short staff, which, like Paurenfeyndt, he uses as a training tool for various pole weapons (and possibly also the greatsword), and then moving on to the halberd before ending with the long staff (representing the pike). As with the dagger, the sources Meyer based his staff teachings on are largely unknown.

Temporary section break

Temporary section break

Additional Resources

The following is a list of publications containing scans, transcriptions, and translations relevant to this article, as well as published peer-reviewed research.

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Dupuis, Olivier. Joachim Meyer, escrimeur libre, bourgeois de Strasbourg (1537 ? - 1571). In Maîtres et techniques de combat. Dijon: AEDEH, 2006.
  2. Naumann, Robert. Serapeum. Vol. 5. T.O. Weigel, 1844. pp 53-59.
  3. According to his wedding certificate.
  4. The influence of Achilles Marozzo's printed treatise is, however, apparent in the rapier illustrations of his 1561 manuscript and the dagger plays in his book.
  5. 5.0 5.1 Van Slambrouck, Christopher. "The Life and Work of Joachim Meyer". Meyer Frei Fechter Guild, 2010. Retrieved 29 January 2010.
  6. 6.0 6.1 Though as a prince of the Wittelsbach dynasty, he was addressed by the loftiest titles held by the family: Count Palatine of the Rhine and Duke of Bavaria.
  7. Norling, Roger. "The history of Joachim Meyer’s fencing treatise to Otto von Solms". Hroarr.com, 2012. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
  8. Whose members included Christoph Maurer and Hans Christoffel Stimmer.
  9. Schaer, Alfred. Die altdeutschen fechter und spielleute: Ein beitrag zur deutschen culturgeschichte. K.J. Trübner, 1901. p 76.
  10. Pollock, W. H., Grove, F. C., and Prévost, C. Fencing. London and Bombay: Longmans, Green, and co, 1897. pp 267-268.
  11. Roberts, James. "System vs Syllabus: Meyer’s 1560 and 1570 sidesword texts". Hroarr.com, 2014. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
  12. Roger Norling. "The Dussack - a weapon of war". Hroarr.com, 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2015.
  13. Norling, Roger. "Meyer and Marozzo dagger comparison". Hroarr.com, 2012. Retrieved 15 February 2015.
  14. Up to this point, the text matches the Lund manuscript, folia 6r to 7r.
  15. Note: this translation could be interpreted to mean “so that your half edge slides downward [presumably on his blade], hitting his right shoulder”. Meyer used the words mit Glitschen = to slither, to slide, to glide, to move with sliding.
  16. A number in the margin refers to the illustration in page number 13.
  17. The text starts matching the Lund manuscript again here (beginning on folio 7v), continuing until the Figures.
  18. Note: The Lund also mentions “the figure above” yet that figure does not appear in the Lund! Here it does, and it could be a representation of Meyer himself?
  19. The "l" appears to be written over another letter, perhaps a "b".
  20. Note: here I have included this line for clarity from Dr. Forgeng’s 1568 Lund translation: “Therefore every fighter shall know as has been said above, for when two good fighters come together, whoever thinks quicker triumphs quicker.”
  21. Note: the image shows the opponent on the left in Barrier Guard with point to the ground, hence Meyer’s advice to “take his blade away from the ground”.
  22. 22.0 22.1 22.2 22.3 Torn page on left.
  23. 23.0 23.1 Torn page on right.
  24. To help illuminate the connections to Liechtenauer's teachings, I've added the verse numbers used in the Johannes Liechtenauer article and the various glosses to Kevin's translation. I've also added a few footnotes, and included my initials to distinguish them from Kevin's notes. Note all the verses in this section are found in Christian Egenolff's 1531 edition of Andre Paurenfeyndt's treatise—except the "First Rhyme", verses 17-20. ~Michael Chidester
  25. Note: the interpretation here is a generalized summary found in the 1570 at Ⅰ.45v—46r
  26. These two lines are a paraphrase of verse 77 of Liechtenauer's Zedel. ~MCC
  27. This rhyming section is reminiscent of the eight-line Indes poem found in several of the 15th century glosses (despite not being part of Liechtenauer's Zedel), but only the last two lines are the same. ~MCC
  28. This rhyme found in Egenolph's 1531 Frankfurt edition of Pauernfeindt, page 4v.
  29. Unclear.
  30. This rhyme found in Egenolph's 1531 Frankfurt edition of Pauernfeindt, page 7r.
  31. Note: gesechen = may be gesehen ENHG
  32. Unclear.
  33. This is a reference to Liechtenauer verses 56 and 79. ~MCC
  34. Liechtenauer verse 57. ~MCC
  35. This is the fourth of Paurnfeyndt's Twelve Rules for the Beginner Fencer, found on page 4r of Egenolff 1531. This is particularly odd because the first line comes from Egenolff, but the second line seems to be from Liechtenauer verse 11, which the rule was based on. The version in the fourth rule is Der darff sich kunst nit frewen. ~MCC
  36. The above text appears somewhat synonymous with pages 44-45 of the Lund Dussack section, except that in the Lund Meyer says there are 12 cuts and yet here he says there are 16.
  37. This text also appears in the Lund pg 45, yet there Meyer gave an alternate name to the Watch guard as Luginslandt, here he does not mention Luginslandt. Additionally, Meyer does not include the Blind Cut in the Lund, yet here he does and it also appears in 1570 Dussack. In addition, here Meyer names the Slice and the Bow as guards. Yet in the 1560 he lists them with the guards but says they are the two parrys. Here he gives a separate paragraph about these two.
  38. Above text also appears in Lund 47v.1.
  39. The translation for this paragraph is incomplete. The missing part says something like "thus trap his hand as is drawn here, step behind him, and". ~MCC
  40. Lund 57v.1 Zornhau.
  41. The first paragraph “A good attack from the Steer” is synonymous in the 1560 57v.2. Last two paragraphs here are not found there.
  42. Unclear.
  43. Found in Lund 60v.1.
  44. Abrauschen = to shoot off.
  45. The second rule omits this sentence found in the Lund, “so that your Dussack comes onto your left shoulder”, and rather Meyer says here, “lift simultaneously your body together with the Dussack to your left side”. Then the Lund synonymously says “turn your body well after your Dussack upon your left side”.
  46. These two paragraphs found in Lund 61v.1 and 62r.1; with above noted differences.
  47. The 4th rule and other paragraph synonymous with Lund 62r.2, 62r.3
  48. The Counter to the Bow is synonymous with Lund 62v.1, except that here Meyer added the target of striking besides his parry to the face, ad also changed last line to read: “This technique often works as has been shown previously in the Bow”, while in the Lund he says “This technique often works as has been shown previously in the Bow and Change.” So he omitted the word Wechsel or Changer here.
  49. It refers to the picture set at the page with the number 31.
  50. Found in Lund 63r.1 63r.2 63r.3.
  51. Above paragraph “Breaking in over the Bow” is found in Lund 63v.1. Here Meyer added schenkel (thigh), also he added another line to the next; “zum gesicht das dein versatzung hoch pleibt” The third paragraph here is not found in the Lund.
  52. First paragraph here found as last and separate para in 63v.1 Lund. Meyer changed words here on the last line of the second paragraph from hand to haft, “so that your haft remains high”.
  53. Durcken Zug = this may mean Turkish Cut. A slice using a drawing motion, usually with a curved blade.
  54. Kniebugen = crook of knee, bend of knee.
  55. Curious typographical sign.
  56. Unclear.
  57. Unclear.
  58. The isolated “s” seems a mistake and not the beginning of an unfinished word.
  59. 59.0 59.1 59.2 orig. dolchen; all instances of "dagger" in this document are dolchen excepy when footnoted.
  60. orig. ararmschirleinn
  61. orig. stichen, "thrust"/"stab" (context dependent); instances of stabbing that use other verbs will be footnoted.
  62. orig. Armschiene - seemingly a part of the armour
  63. orig. geordinirtt
  64. orig. schießen; see here
  65. orig. findt
  66. orig. spis
  67. orig. schwertt
  68. orig. sebell
  69. 69.0 69.1 orig. kempff degen; it can mean either “combat sword” or “combat dagger” (Source 1, Source 2). See here for a painting with kempffdegen in its caption
  70. 70.0 70.1 orig. Anngreiffen; "attacking" or "grappling"; cf. angreifen
  71. orig. zimlich
  72. alt. "endure"
  73. Ittem has many potential meanings: "further", "likewise", "the same as", and also simply as a means of 'bullet-pointing' numerous items. I've found that "likewise" works as an apt translation most of the time, but for clarity I will leave it untranslated. See this article.
  74. orig. noch eines Idenn woll gefalen
  75. orig. Reren; cf. Rohre/Röhre
  76. orig. lest
  77. orig. Schranckenn
  78. orig. dringen/thringen; refers to pressing one's point into an opponent['s armour/mail], cf. modern sense of "pushing through a crowd". See this glossary for more information
  79. orig. donerschlag; a strike with the hilt of the longsword while holding the blade
  80. orig. vnnd las Inn vorverthobenn; messy ink makes it difficult to transcribe; possible alt. "and read above beforehand"
  81. A blunt strike, as opposed to a cut or slice. See here.
  82. orig. versezen; alt. "parrying"
  83. Unclear.
  84. orig. ansezen; most likely means "pinned", "planted" (in the sense of placing your weapon or hand against an opponent, in a grappling sense); alt. "attacking" (cf. modern ansetzen). See this glossary for more information
  85. orig. erlang
  86. see nachreissen
  87. 87.0 87.1 87.2 87.3 87.4 87.5 87.6 orig. stehenn; often coupled with ansezen in this section; alt. "stand against"
  88. orig. uchsen
  89. orig. Gelenck. Refers to joints in armour, but also body parts - in the context of armoured fencing, it is most likely referring to the joints in the armour
  90. orig. greifest
  91. 91.0 91.1 91.2 91.3 orig. brich
  92. orig. anbrichen
  93. 93.00 93.01 93.02 93.03 93.04 93.05 93.06 93.07 93.08 93.09 93.10 93.11 orig. stos
  94. orig. goch
  95. 95.0 95.1 95.2 95.3 95.4 95.5 95.6 orig. schlag
  96. 96.0 96.1 96.2 see absetzen
  97. orig. drissel; cf. thrissel
  98. orig. schlag dein beidt vnder dein Recht achsell. From interpretation, the word schlag here doesn't make much sense: it's possible that beidt was intended to be said or written as bindt, as in "put your grip under your right shoulder".
  99. orig. Achsell
  100. 100.0 100.1 see Ringen
  101. 101.0 101.1 see arbeiten
  102. 102.0 102.1 102.2 102.3 102.4 102.5 orig. streich, cf. schlag
  103. 103.0 103.1 103.2 103.3 103.4 103.5 103.6 103.7 orig. inndes
  104. alt. "attacks"
  105. orig. last Er dür die seitten
  106. 106.0 106.1 orig. Ring; alt. lists
  107. orig. vergesezsten
  108. 108.0 108.1 108.2 see abzucken
  109. orig. fies
  110. 110.0 110.1 see gleich
  111. unclear transcription; possibly nim, ergo "take the weight"
  112. Unclear.
  113. orig. zwerchs
  114. 114.0 114.1 orig. degen; see kempffdegen
  115. orig. hawen. A cut or slice, as opposed to a blunt strike. See see here.
  116. 116.0 116.1 116.2 orig. bickell; most likely referring to the artificial, "mason's hammer", pickaxe shape of the crossguard in armoured fencing
  117. orig. klos
  118. orig. Stuck
  119. orig. knefftiglich, interpreted as krefftiglich
  120. orig. verfelen - described earlier in 1561 as a feint whereby you wait for your opponent to react to a strike, then change the direction of the strike
  121. orig. entgehenn
  122. orig. faren/auffaren; cf. fahren
  123. originally transcribed as knefftiglich, but krefftiglich (lit. "powerfully") seems more likely, in my opinion
  124. orig. gerecht; possible mistranscription/misspelling of gemecht, lit. "groin" or "genitals"
  125. 125.0 125.1 125.2 orig. las dein bindt fahren, lit. "let your grip drive"; alt. "release your grip and drive"
  126. Possibly "hauberk"(?).
  127. 127.0 127.1 orig. ausnemen; alt. "take out [the blade with a parry]"; "deflect"(?)
  128. orig. verzoblen; cf. verzögern
  129. lit. oben hutt; contrast Oberhutt
  130. orig. heutt; possible verb form of hutt
  131. orig. überwegest
  132. 132.0 132.1 orig. schlagen. Probably means "place" in this context.
  133. orig. sez; no accompanying adposition but I assume he means ansezen
  134. listen
  135. orig. Bundtschlag, lit. "grip strike"
  136. orig. fertt
  137. orig. wie nechst
  138. orig. oder Aber fus gesicht, lit. or but foot face, possible alt. "or his foot or face"
  139. orig. wendt
  140. orig. Reüb
  141. orig. geschmidt, lit. smithed. Possibly misspelling of Geschmeidt, which means "jewellery" - perhaps slang for gemecht ("genitals)".
  142. orig. steßen
  143. orig. abgewünnen
  144. Note that he uses the word degen but seems to refer to the aforementioned "threefold" dagger, which he referred to using the word dolchen.
  145. orig. feder
  146. orig. spietzen
  147. Reference in the left margin to picture on page 61.
  148. orig. auf dz schlos am Rucken; alt. "clasp of the back"
  149. orig. Wappenrock
  150. Unclear whether die refers to the dagger or the heart, here
  151. orig. kurz halbenn; alt. "short edge"
  152. orig. concordiren
  153. This word overwrites an initial die.
  154. The first 10 lines of this paragraph are shorter of 30% than the last four, as if there is a left place here for a picture or a diagram.
  155. The second letter looks a bit like a “b” but it is nonsense. It can be also considered like a small capital “e”.
  156. The first letter corrected from “w” by cancelling the first bow of the letter.
  157. The first letter could also read as an “l", but “b” seems more probable here.
  158. The first letter corrected from “b” by overwriting.
  159. The ink is a bit blurred, particularly in the beginning of the word which results in an ambiguous reading; stucken would be more plausible in this context but does not fit with the appearance of the first couple of letters at all.
  160. The writer first wrote hawst but the “s” has been cancelled afterwards.
  161. Recte: und.
  162. The writer first wrote arms but the final “s” has been cancelled afterwards.
  163. The letter “s” has ben cancelled just before the word den.
  164. Above the letter “i” a large circle is drawn as it is used to mark the letter “u”.
  165. Doubling of the word seitten, considered as a mistake and corrected here as the first finished a line.
  166. Setzen has been written afterwards just under ver- and looks like a catchword; however, the following page does not start with the same word. It could be a mistake of the scribe.
  167. An abbreviation sign at the end of the word tends to signify that it should be expanded to hawen, but it has been cancelled.
  168. The “h” is writen above a “e”.
  169. Unclear reading. The word has been corrected, possibly from zu, which, however, cannot be definitely affirmed.
  170. The words und oder after this word are cancelled.
  171. At this place is a sign that commonly indicates a line break or an end of a paragraph. Here, however, the following text continues in the same line.
  172. The first letter appears to be a cancelled “t”; however the reading remains ambiguous.
  173. The end of this word, sicht is inserted below the line at the right, like a catchword. However, the following written page, fol. 23r, does not start with the same word. Could be a mistake by the scribe or a clue for a missing page.
  174. After this word a large circle is drawn and its only meaning seems to complete the line to the right and avoid a big default in the right alignment.
  175. The letter “d” is cancelled just before the “b” of this word.
  176. The initial letter “b” is written above another letter, maybe a “g”.
  177. This first two letters are written above the letter “k”.
  178. A letter “b” or “l” has been written after this word but has ben cancelled.
  179. The first letter seems to superscribe an initial “I”.
  180. The writer firstly wrote an “m” as a final letter and subsequently cancelled the last leg to get an “n”.
  181. The final letter “t” is written above the line, in replacement for a previously cancelled letter.
  182. This word is written above a previous one, which is unreadable now.
  183. The first letters are difficult to make out due to a (water?) damage.
  184. The first letter of this word has been written above another, now illegible one.
  185. A letter “h” was written in the second position to begin with but cancelled afterwards.
  186. The first letter is curiously composed, but seems to have been readen as a "v".
  187. The second letter has been canceled and corrected by "o" above the line.
  188. The original text is derholhalben derhalben, which seems to be an unnecessary repetition.
  189. Doubling of the word handt, a probable mistake as the first is written a the end of the line. Same mistake as 17r.
  190. Doubling of the words den andern, probable mistake, only it is conserved here.
  191. A lone letter "h" is writen here, perhaps a beginning for “hew”, which was finally written after the digit “4”. Corrected in this edition.
  192. This sentence can be found in the printed book: « und merck wann du zur rechten undern Blöß schlechst, es sey flech, lang oder kurtz » (plate XXIXv from the 1570 edition)
  193. The third letter “h” was cancelled by overwriting it with an “l”.
  194. The letter “a” is crossed out in the beginning of the word.
  195. The first letter was first written in lower case but was corrected with an upper-case letter.
  196. Unclear reading. It appears as if the scribe first intended to write “halber” but noticed his error in the middle of the word. The reverse may be true also.
  197. The "R." has been inserted at the end of the line afterwards.
  198. Right of this place a large blank space remains until the end of the line.
  199. The written put a "n" between sch and enckel and canceled it.
  200. Linck and seitten are reversed in the manuscript but superscribed with “1” and “2” respectively in order to indicate the correct order.
  201. Corrected from Im, the first stroke of the “m” has been cancelled.
  202. Spitz uber- is clearly copied twice, this is probably an eye-skip.
  203. Correction done on sticht by canceling the last letter.
  204. This entire paragraph is justified on the right by a vertical line, unique in the manuscript.
  205. Corrected on Ⅲ.47v.
  206. Corrected on Ⅲ.47v.
  207. The "st" ligature is inverted.
  208. Typo, should be "wolt, könne".
  209. Originally printed "abzutzest", but corrected on Ⅲ.47v.
  210. Originally printed "verhauren", but corrected on Ⅲ.47v.
  211. The "t" is inverted.
  212. Ⅲ.47v indicates that this was printed "erbangen" and needed to be corrected to "erlangen", but that's not true in any copy available for consult.
  213. Originally printed "mim", but corrected on Ⅲ.47v.
  214. Originally printed "Higur", but corrected on Ⅲ.47v.
  215. Originally printed "Fellen", but corrected on Ⅲ.47v.
  216. Originally printed "gem" (with an inverted g), but corrected on Ⅲ.47v.
  217. Originally printed "allo", but corrected on Ⅲ.47v.
  218. Originally printed "Atm", but corrected on Ⅲ.47v.
  219. The first 't' is inverted.
  220. Terminal 'e' is inverted.
  221. Originally printed "bleiden", but corrected on Ⅲ.47v.
  222. Originally printed "klnie", but corrected on Ⅲ.47v.
  223. Originally printed "duch", but corrected on Ⅲ.47v.
  224. The second "e" is inverted.
  225. Originally printed "fein", but corrected on Ⅲ.47v.
  226. Originally printed "behendig ich", but corrected on Ⅲ.47v.
  227. Misnumbered 87r.
  228. 228.00 228.01 228.02 228.03 228.04 228.05 228.06 228.07 228.08 228.09 228.10 228.11 228.12 228.13 228.14 228.15 228.16 228.17 228.18 228.19 228.20 228.21 228.22 228.23 228.24 228.25 228.26 228.27 228.28 228.29 228.30 228.31 indes
  229. palm up
  230. Illegible deletion.
  231. oberhauw
  232. ‘right’ is originally written, ‘left’ is written above it
  233. short edge
  234. “Degen”, lit. dagger, could either refer to a sword or dagger.
  235. short edge
  236. Unleserliche Streichung. Illegible deletion.
  237. Unleserliche gestrichen Einfügung oberhalb der Zeile. Crossed out illegible insertion above the line.
  238. Die Schlaufe des »h« trägt ein Diärese. The loop of the “h” carries a diaeresis.
  239. Korrigiert aus »mitelhauw«. Corrected from “mitelhauw”.
  240. Leicht unleserlich. Slightly illegible.
  241. Überschriebens »vom«. Overwritten “vom”.
  242. Inserted by means of a special mark.
  243. Word inserted next to the text.
  244. Inserted nest to the text.
  245. Zwei Worte am Seitenrand nachgetragen. Two words inserted at the margin.
  246. Wort am Seitenrand nachgetragen. Word inserted at the margin.