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| <p><small>[22]</small> And it is to be Marked that out of this guard, four names or verses constitute:</p>
 
| <p><small>[22]</small> And it is to be Marked that out of this guard, four names or verses constitute:</p>
  
<p>Firstly, Going through, Suppressing, Cutting off, hanging, and like techniques,</p>
+
<p>Firstly, Going through, Suppressing, Cutting off, hanging, and like techniques.</p>
  
<p>Second, attacking with your defense strike around every displacement,</p>
+
<p>Second, attacking with your defense strike around every displacement.</p>
  
 
<p>Thirdly, the work stays mostly above the hands.</p>
 
<p>Thirdly, the work stays mostly above the hands.</p>
 +
 +
<p>Item let the thrust fly and cut to the Thigh, and cut into the Cross again.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 72r.jpg|2|lbl=72r.2}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 72r.jpg|2|lbl=72r.2}}
 
|-
 
|
 
| <p><small>[23]</small> '''Item''' Let the thrust fly and cut to the Thigh, and cut into the Cross again.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 72r.jpg|3|lbl=72r.3}}
 
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| rowspan="2" | [[File:MS A.4º.2 73r.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| rowspan="2" | [[File:MS A.4º.2 73r.jpg|400px|center]]
| <p><small>[24]</small> '''Changer'''</p>
+
| <p><small>[23]</small> '''Changer'''</p>
  
 
<p>'''Item''' Take him out upwards, strongly from your left from under and gather your weapon in the air besides your left into Ox. Instantly step with your left foot around his right side, and throw him a thrust from under and through the Plow, to his right hip.</p>
 
<p>'''Item''' Take him out upwards, strongly from your left from under and gather your weapon in the air besides your left into Ox. Instantly step with your left foot around his right side, and throw him a thrust from under and through the Plow, to his right hip.</p>
Line 4,912: Line 4,909:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| <p><small>[25]</small> '''Item''' Take out his incoming thrust with the short edge from the Changer strongly, upwards, so that your weapon flies around in the air, into the right Ox, and Instantly throw him a thrust from under through the right Plow, to his groin or forward positioned thigh.</p>
+
| <p><small>[24]</small> '''Item''' Take out his incoming thrust with the short edge from the Changer strongly, upwards, so that your weapon flies around in the air, into the right Ox, and Instantly throw him a thrust from under through the right Plow, to his groin or forward positioned thigh.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 72v.jpg|2|lbl=72v.2}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 72v.jpg|2|lbl=72v.2}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p><small>[26]</small> '''Mark''' If you are in left Changer, thus take him out with the Flat so that your weapon shoots around over your head, threaten him with the Heart Thrust, Pull and cut from your right through his forward positioned leg and thrust through the left Ox over hand to the face.</p>
+
| <p><small>[25]</small> '''Mark''' If you are in left Changer, thus take him out with the Flat so that your weapon shoots around over your head, threaten him with the Heart Thrust, Pull and cut from your right through his forward positioned leg and thrust through the left Ox over hand to the face.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 72v.jpg|3|lbl=72v.3}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 72v.jpg|3|lbl=72v.3}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p><small>[27]</small> '''Item''' Take him out with the short edge, how it is previously taught, and thrust him from above once to his face, thereupon a Cross Cut in the After.</p>
+
| <p><small>[26]</small> '''Item''' Take him out with the short edge, how it is previously taught, and thrust him from above once to his face, thereupon a Cross Cut in the After.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 72v.jpg|4|lbl=72v.4}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 72v.jpg|4|lbl=72v.4}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p><small>[28]</small> '''Item''' Take him out, upwards, strongly from you and allow it to quickly drive around the head and cut him outside to his right Thigh, then, a Suppressing Cut, long from your right, through his face and on his weapon.</p>
+
| <p><small>[27]</small> '''Item''' Take him out, upwards, strongly from you and allow it to quickly drive around the head and cut him outside to his right Thigh, then, a Suppressing Cut, long from your right, through his face and on his weapon.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 72v.jpg|5|lbl=72v.5}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 72v.jpg|5|lbl=72v.5}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p><small>[29]</small> '''Item''' Take him out with the short edge strongly upwards, and cut through from above inside to his hand, and thrust there after, over his hands to the face.</p>
+
| <p><small>[28]</small> '''Item''' Take him out with the short edge strongly upwards, and cut through from above inside to his hand, and thrust there after, over his hands to the face.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 73v.jpg|1|lbl=73v.1}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 73v.jpg|1|lbl=73v.1}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p><small>[30]</small> '''Item''' If one Thrusts or Cuts to you, thus slice it away with long edge, from your left to your right, cut or thrust in the After to which side you will, yet long from you it is from Below or Above, and set him off quickly again.</p>
+
| <p><small>[29]</small> '''Item''' If one Thrusts or Cuts to you, thus slice it away with long edge, from your left to your right, cut or thrust in the After to which side you will, yet long from you it is from Below or Above, and set him off quickly again.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 73v.jpg|2|lbl=73v.2}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 73v.jpg|2|lbl=73v.2}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p><small>[31]</small> '''Item''' When you stand in Changer, and one will cut or thrust to you thus drive upwards and displace with the Long edge from below and spring well in with the left foot, and ''Indes'' grab his blade with the left reversed hand, under your blade on his hilt or pommel, and then thrust him with your pommel on his Joints, thus you take his weapon from his hand.</p>
+
| <p><small>[30]</small> '''Item''' When you stand in Changer, and one will cut or thrust to you thus drive upwards and displace with the Long edge from below and spring well in with the left foot, and ''Indes'' grab his blade with the left reversed hand, under your blade on his hilt or pommel, and then thrust him with your pommel on his Joints, thus you take his weapon from his hand.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 73v.jpg|3|lbl=73v.3}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 73v.jpg|3|lbl=73v.3}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| rowspan="2" | [[File:MS A.4º.2 75r.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| rowspan="2" | [[File:MS A.4º.2 75r.jpg|400px|center]]
| <p><small>[32]</small> '''Ox'''</p>
+
| <p><small>[31]</small> '''Ox'''</p>
  
 
<p>When you thus stand in Ox, and one thrusts to your left, thus spring out from his thrust, to his left side, and thrust in at the same time with his, and wind the Long edge against his weapon upwards to your left side, as soon as he pulls off his weapon, then cut through with the short edge from under his defense, and thrust him with the Heart Thrust.</p>
 
<p>When you thus stand in Ox, and one thrusts to your left, thus spring out from his thrust, to his left side, and thrust in at the same time with his, and wind the Long edge against his weapon upwards to your left side, as soon as he pulls off his weapon, then cut through with the short edge from under his defense, and thrust him with the Heart Thrust.</p>
Line 4,953: Line 4,950:
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| <p><small>[33]</small> '''Hanging'''</p>
+
| <p><small>[32]</small> '''Hanging'''</p>
  
 
<p>'''Item''' If one thrusts to your chest or face, so take this out from above with the short edge or Flat from your right, between you and he, out to your left side, so that your point is taken downwards to the ground. Instantly allow a thrust to run over the hand to his face take out also the cut between he and you, through the Hanging, and thrust like before.</p>
 
<p>'''Item''' If one thrusts to your chest or face, so take this out from above with the short edge or Flat from your right, between you and he, out to your left side, so that your point is taken downwards to the ground. Instantly allow a thrust to run over the hand to his face take out also the cut between he and you, through the Hanging, and thrust like before.</p>
Line 4,960: Line 4,957:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p><small>[34]</small> '''Item''' If one cuts to your feet, then sink the point towards the ground and bar him with the Flat by setting off through the Bastion and thrust him over hand to the face, if one cuts or thrusts to your right thus wind the long edge against his weapon, and suppress his strike to the ground. Cut or thrust in the After.</p>
+
| <p><small>[33]</small> '''Item''' If one cuts to your feet, then sink the point towards the ground and bar him with the Flat by setting off through the Bastion and thrust him over hand to the face, if one cuts or thrusts to your right thus wind the long edge against his weapon, and suppress his strike to the ground. Cut or thrust in the After.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 74r.jpg|3|lbl=74r.3}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 74r.jpg|3|lbl=74r.3}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p><small>[35]</small> '''Item''' Pay attention when he would thrust at you from below, where he has his hand outstretched to the thrust, then cut him through to the hand and thrust him to the face.</p>
+
| <p><small>[34]</small> '''Item''' Pay attention when he would thrust at you from below, where he has his hand outstretched to the thrust, then cut him through to the hand and thrust him to the face.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 74v.jpg|1|lbl=74v.1}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 74v.jpg|1|lbl=74v.1}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p><small>[36]</small> '''Will your opponent not Attack'''</p>
+
| <p><small>[35]</small> '''Will your opponent not Attack'''</p>
  
 
<p>Mark when one approaches you in the left Changer, and you stand in Ox, cut from your right from below, through his left to the face, so that your weapon runs around into the right Ox, and then thrust him to the face.</p>
 
<p>Mark when one approaches you in the left Changer, and you stand in Ox, cut from your right from below, through his left to the face, so that your weapon runs around into the right Ox, and then thrust him to the face.</p>
Line 4,977: Line 4,974:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p><small>[37]</small> '''Item''' Step with the left to him and thrust before him a Failer that goes through and outside to your left shoulder, that your weapon comes into left Ox, take out with the short edge to your right side, so that your Rappier next comes into right Ox and thrust him to the face, then cut him outside to the right shoulder.</p>
+
| <p><small>[36]</small> '''Item''' Step with the left to him and thrust before him a Failer that goes through and outside to your left shoulder, that your weapon comes into left Ox, take out with the short edge to your right side, so that your Rappier next comes into right Ox and thrust him to the face, then cut him outside to the right shoulder.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 74v.jpg|3|lbl=74v.3}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 74v.jpg|3|lbl=74v.3}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p><small>[38]</small> '''Item''' If you are standing in Ox, and one will thrust to your right thus step with the left foot out from his strike to his right and follow with the right and thrust at the same time as him to the face, shoot forwards with the Iron Gate or lift your hilt above you and Grab both your blade and his blade, and wind his blade from your right to your left in a wrench Instantly step to his left and cut him through to the face besides your left and thrust him again over hand to the face.</p>
+
| <p><small>[37]</small> '''Item''' If you are standing in Ox, and one will thrust to your right thus step with the left foot out from his strike to his right and follow with the right and thrust at the same time as him to the face, shoot forwards with the Iron Gate or lift your hilt above you and Grab both your blade and his blade, and wind his blade from your right to your left in a wrench Instantly step to his left and cut him through to the face besides your left and thrust him again over hand to the face.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 74v.jpg|4|lbl=74v.4|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 75v.jpg|1|lbl=75v.1|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 74v.jpg|4|lbl=74v.4|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 75v.jpg|1|lbl=75v.1|p=1}}
Line 4,988: Line 4,985:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p><small>[39]</small> '''Mark''' When one thrusts to you from below, so step with the left foot to his right side and set his thrust from your left against your right from above, between you and he, through to the Bastion, step and thrust him under his weapon into the groin.</p>
+
| <p><small>[38]</small> '''Mark''' When one thrusts to you from below, so step with the left foot to his right side and set his thrust from your left against your right from above, between you and he, through to the Bastion, step and thrust him under his weapon into the groin.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 75v.jpg|2|lbl=75v.2}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 75v.jpg|2|lbl=75v.2}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p><small>[40]</small> Further, when one thrusts from below at you, and you thus are standing in left Ox, then step with the left foot well onto his right like before, set off his thrust from your left downwards to your right, thus you stand in right Plow. Thrust him out from the right Plow upwards to his face, this he must defend, then step and thrust him with reversed hand under his arm to the face. Pull your hilt again to you, and cut through from your left a defense strike to his right shoulder.</p>
+
| <p><small>[39]</small> Further, when one thrusts from below at you, and you thus are standing in left Ox, then step with the left foot well onto his right like before, set off his thrust from your left downwards to your right, thus you stand in right Plow. Thrust him out from the right Plow upwards to his face, this he must defend, then step and thrust him with reversed hand under his arm to the face. Pull your hilt again to you, and cut through from your left a defense strike to his right shoulder.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 75v.jpg|3|lbl=75v.3|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 76r.jpg|1|lbl=76r.1|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 75v.jpg|3|lbl=75v.3|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 76r.jpg|1|lbl=76r.1|p=1}}
Line 4,999: Line 4,996:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p><small>[41]</small> '''Item''' If one thrusts to your face or chest, then strongly take out the thrust from below, besides your left with short edge through to his right, so that your weapon runs around above your head and cut in from the outside to his right shoulder, if he bars your cut, then thrust him quickly over the hands to the face, if he doesn’t bar this thus you come through into Changer, if he thrusts further to you, then wind the hilt upwards and take out his thrust with the Flat through the Hanging, and thrust him over the hands, to the face.</p>
+
| <p><small>[40]</small> '''Item''' If one thrusts to your face or chest, then strongly take out the thrust from below, besides your left with short edge through to his right, so that your weapon runs around above your head and cut in from the outside to his right shoulder, if he bars your cut, then thrust him quickly over the hands to the face, if he doesn’t bar this thus you come through into Changer, if he thrusts further to you, then wind the hilt upwards and take out his thrust with the Flat through the Hanging, and thrust him over the hands, to the face.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 76r.jpg|2|lbl=76r.2}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 76r.jpg|2|lbl=76r.2}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| rowspan="2" | [[File:MS A.4º.2 77r.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| rowspan="2" | [[File:MS A.4º.2 77r.jpg|400px|center]]
| <p><small>[42]</small> '''Mark''' When one thrusts at you from above, thus wind your hilt above you into left Ox, set off his thrust upwards, and when they connect, then thrust him inside to the face. Instantly allow your point to sink towards the ground, and allow the blade where by, to run through to your left, thrust over the hands to his face Pull your hilt upwards so that the blade runs off besides your right, and cut outside from your left through his right shoulder thus you shoot into the right Changer.</p>
+
| <p><small>[41]</small> '''Mark''' When one thrusts at you from above, thus wind your hilt above you into left Ox, set off his thrust upwards, and when they connect, then thrust him inside to the face. Instantly allow your point to sink towards the ground, and allow the blade where by, to run through to your left, thrust over the hands to his face Pull your hilt upwards so that the blade runs off besides your right, and cut outside from your left through his right shoulder thus you shoot into the right Changer.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 76v.jpg|1|lbl=76v.1}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 76v.jpg|1|lbl=76v.1}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| <p><small>[43]</small> '''Item''' Set off his thrust how you were taught above, remain then in the Bind on his blade and Wind your blade above you against his travels, out to your left side, instantly have your hilt above you and cut from your right inside through to his right shoulder thus you come into the left Changer, if he thrusts further at you, then spring with the left foot well to his right side and thrust in from your Changer likewise with him, work further to him with the Iron Gate.</p>
+
| <p><small>[42]</small> '''Item''' Set off his thrust how you were taught above, remain then in the Bind on his blade and Wind your blade above you against his travels, out to your left side, instantly have your hilt above you and cut from your right inside through to his right shoulder thus you come into the left Changer, if he thrusts further at you, then spring with the left foot well to his right side and thrust in from your Changer likewise with him, work further to him with the Iron Gate.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 76v.jpg|2|lbl=76v.2}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 76v.jpg|2|lbl=76v.2}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| rowspan="2" | [[File:MS A.4º.2 78r.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| rowspan="2" | [[File:MS A.4º.2 78r.jpg|400px|center]]
| <p><small>[44]</small> '''Item''' Displace His thrusts like before, have your hilt above you in the left Ox, and take him out, with the short edge from your left through his right so that you correctly fly around your head into the right Ox cut Instantly a Third strike, downwards, through his left foot from your right, so that your weapon shoots into left Ox, take him out with the short edge, downwards from your left Ox, so that your weapon shoots through in running around again, into right Ox, allow quickly the right Ox, to run through, with this taking out besides your left, and thrust through than by a double, done over hand, come into the Iron Gate.</p>
+
| <p><small>[43]</small> '''Item''' Displace His thrusts like before, have your hilt above you in the left Ox, and take him out, with the short edge from your left through his right so that you correctly fly around your head into the right Ox cut Instantly a Third strike, downwards, through his left foot from your right, so that your weapon shoots into left Ox, take him out with the short edge, downwards from your left Ox, so that your weapon shoots through in running around again, into right Ox, allow quickly the right Ox, to run through, with this taking out besides your left, and thrust through than by a double, done over hand, come into the Iron Gate.</p>
 
| {{paget|Page:MS A.4º.2|77v|jpg}}
 
| {{paget|Page:MS A.4º.2|77v|jpg}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| <p><small>[45]</small> If overall, he would not Thrust, then when you stand in right Plow thus step with your left foot to him and thrust through to the outside of your left shoulder, so that your weapon comes into the left Ox, step with your right well to his right, and thrust him outside of his right arm Line Pull around your head, and cut him through his face, thus you come into the left Changer from there take him out with the short edge.</p>
+
| <p><small>[44]</small> If overall, he would not Thrust, then when you stand in right Plow thus step with your left foot to him and thrust through to the outside of your left shoulder, so that your weapon comes into the left Ox, step with your right well to his right, and thrust him outside of his right arm Line Pull around your head, and cut him through his face, thus you come into the left Changer from there take him out with the short edge.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 78v.jpg|1|lbl=78v.1}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 78v.jpg|1|lbl=78v.1}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p><small>[46]</small> '''Three Ongoing Thrusts from the left Plow from one side'''</p>
+
| <p><small>[45]</small> '''Three Ongoing Thrusts from the left Plow from one side'''</p>
  
 
<p>Thus if one approaches you in the Iron Gate or also in the left Plow, then thrust the first from the Plow outside of his right arm line so that your point on the right now runs off besides your left through into left Ox, thrust through from there quickly through your left Ox, inwards to his chest, allow instantly again the Point to run off downwards and then through besides your left, and thrust the third from your left over your hand to the face, these three thrusts happen as one runs into the next, from one thrust.</p>
 
<p>Thus if one approaches you in the Iron Gate or also in the left Plow, then thrust the first from the Plow outside of his right arm line so that your point on the right now runs off besides your left through into left Ox, thrust through from there quickly through your left Ox, inwards to his chest, allow instantly again the Point to run off downwards and then through besides your left, and thrust the third from your left over your hand to the face, these three thrusts happen as one runs into the next, from one thrust.</p>
Line 5,030: Line 5,027:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p><small>[47]</small> If one thrusts to you from above, wind off his thrust, upwards against your right into the Ox, step and thrust him outside and over his right arm line, to the face and in this thrust, then drive with your left hand from below.</p>
+
| <p><small>[46]</small> If one thrusts to you from above, wind off his thrust, upwards against your right into the Ox, step and thrust him outside and over his right arm line, to the face and in this thrust, then drive with your left hand from below.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 79r.jpg|2|lbl=79r.2}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 79r.jpg|2|lbl=79r.2}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p><small>[48]</small><ref name="missing section"/> </p>
+
| <p><small>[47]</small><ref name="missing section"/> </p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 79v.jpg|1|lbl=79v.1}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 79v.jpg|1|lbl=79v.1}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| rowspan="2" | [[File:MS A.4º.2 80r.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| rowspan="2" | [[File:MS A.4º.2 80r.jpg|400px|center]]
| <p><small>[49]</small><ref name="missing section"/> </p>
+
| <p><small>[48]</small><ref name="missing section"/> </p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 79v.jpg|2|lbl=79v.2}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 79v.jpg|2|lbl=79v.2}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
| <p><small>[50]</small> <ref name="missing section"/>...Suppress upon from above, step and thrust on his blade above it, to the face, if he defends the thrust and drives high with his displacement, then thrust him above, on the Right Line if he displaces yet again the thrust, thus jerk your hilt upwards and thrust over the hands, from above over his displacement line, and cut him to the right leg.</p>
+
| <p><small>[49]</small> <ref name="missing section"/>...Suppress upon from above, step and thrust on his blade above it, to the face, if he defends the thrust and drives high with his displacement, then thrust him above, on the Right Line if he displaces yet again the thrust, thus jerk your hilt upwards and thrust over the hands, from above over his displacement line, and cut him to the right leg.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 79v.jpg|3|lbl=79v.3|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 80v.jpg|1|lbl=80v.1|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 79v.jpg|3|lbl=79v.3|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 80v.jpg|1|lbl=80v.1|p=1}}
Line 5,050: Line 5,047:
 
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|-  
 
|  
 
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| <p><small>[51]</small> '''Cutting off'''</p>
+
| <p><small>[50]</small> '''Cutting off'''</p>
  
 
<p>'''Item''' Suppress his oncoming strike or thrust from above, suppress like before, but in this suppressing, thus allow your blade to rest, cross wise on his blade besides you, then in a flight, thrust or cut him again from the same side line.</p>
 
<p>'''Item''' Suppress his oncoming strike or thrust from above, suppress like before, but in this suppressing, thus allow your blade to rest, cross wise on his blade besides you, then in a flight, thrust or cut him again from the same side line.</p>
Line 5,057: Line 5,054:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p><small>[52]</small> '''Item''' If you are in the Iron Gate, and one will thrust outside to your right arm, thus take this with the short edge downwards and out to your right side out so that the blade runs over, besides your right at the same time, into the right Ox, ''Indes'' also takes others out through a Running off from your right to your left, and thrust this same with quickness over the hand together with a step to him.</p>
+
| <p><small>[51]</small> '''Item''' If you are in the Iron Gate, and one will thrust outside to your right arm, thus take this with the short edge downwards and out to your right side out so that the blade runs over, besides your right at the same time, into the right Ox, ''Indes'' also takes others out through a Running off from your right to your left, and thrust this same with quickness over the hand together with a step to him.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 80v.jpg|3|lbl=80v.3|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 81r.jpg|1|lbl=81r.1|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 80v.jpg|3|lbl=80v.3|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 81r.jpg|1|lbl=81r.1|p=1}}
Line 5,063: Line 5,060:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p><small>[53]</small> '''Item''' If one approaches you in the Iron Gate, then thrust him from the right Plow, inside his blade from under jointly, to the face. Instantly have your hilt above you and mutate the under into an Overthrust, cut in with a step to the next opening.</p>
+
| <p><small>[52]</small> '''Item''' If one approaches you in the Iron Gate, then thrust him from the right Plow, inside his blade from under jointly, to the face. Instantly have your hilt above you and mutate the under into an Overthrust, cut in with a step to the next opening.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 81r.jpg|2|lbl=81r.2}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 81r.jpg|2|lbl=81r.2}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p><small>[54]</small> '''A Deceiving'''</p>
+
| <p><small>[53]</small> '''A Deceiving'''</p>
  
 
<p>'''Mark''' If one allows you to bind first on his blade from your right, thus thrust his face from under and to the inside, over the hands.</p>
 
<p>'''Mark''' If one allows you to bind first on his blade from your right, thus thrust his face from under and to the inside, over the hands.</p>
Line 5,075: Line 5,072:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p><small>[55]</small> '''Item''' If one thrusts to your right, thus suppress from your left against your right, thus you have come into the right Plow. Thrust him from the Plow upwards to the face, this he must defend, cut quickly in ''Indes'', a Low Cut from your right through his left and thrust him over the hands to his face.</p>
+
| <p><small>[54]</small> '''Item''' If one thrusts to your right, thus suppress from your left against your right, thus you have come into the right Plow. Thrust him from the Plow upwards to the face, this he must defend, cut quickly in ''Indes'', a Low Cut from your right through his left and thrust him over the hands to his face.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 81r.jpg|4|lbl=81r.4|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 81v.jpg|1|lbl=81v.1|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 81r.jpg|4|lbl=81r.4|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 81v.jpg|1|lbl=81v.1|p=1}}
Line 5,081: Line 5,078:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p><small>[56]</small> '''Item''' If one approaches you in the Iron Gate and has bound on with you, then thrust in on his weapon upwards to the face with a running in. Instantly allow your weapon to run around besides your left and grab with the left hand in the middle of your blade and thrust him to the stomach.</p>
+
| <p><small>[55]</small> '''Item''' If one approaches you in the Iron Gate and has bound on with you, then thrust in on his weapon upwards to the face with a running in. Instantly allow your weapon to run around besides your left and grab with the left hand in the middle of your blade and thrust him to the stomach.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 81v.jpg|2|lbl=81v.2}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 81v.jpg|2|lbl=81v.2}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p><small>[57]</small> '''Changing Thrusts and Mutating'''</p>
+
| <p><small>[56]</small> '''Changing Thrusts and Mutating'''</p>
  
 
<p>If you stand in the Iron Gate and so does your opponent, then thrust him outside and over his right arm, above the hand line, and in this thrust, allow your hilt to be well high, as soon as he wishes to defend against your thrust, thus allow your point to sink downwards, above your hand, and thrust under your arm quickly to the sky if he however travels, then thrust in again over the arm to the face, thus reverse the high thrust into a low thrust, and you may change into a cut when you want.</p>
 
<p>If you stand in the Iron Gate and so does your opponent, then thrust him outside and over his right arm, above the hand line, and in this thrust, allow your hilt to be well high, as soon as he wishes to defend against your thrust, thus allow your point to sink downwards, above your hand, and thrust under your arm quickly to the sky if he however travels, then thrust in again over the arm to the face, thus reverse the high thrust into a low thrust, and you may change into a cut when you want.</p>
Line 5,093: Line 5,090:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p><small>[58]</small> '''The Ox and Plow's Merged Thrusts'''</p>
+
| <p><small>[57]</small> '''The Ox and Plow's Merged Thrusts'''</p>
  
 
<p>'''Item''' If you encounter one in the Iron Gate, thus thrust him from the right Plow, inside his blade from under to his face, instantly have your hilt above and Mutate the Low into a High Thrust, cut to the next opening with a step to.</p>
 
<p>'''Item''' If you encounter one in the Iron Gate, thus thrust him from the right Plow, inside his blade from under to his face, instantly have your hilt above and Mutate the Low into a High Thrust, cut to the next opening with a step to.</p>
Line 5,100: Line 5,097:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p><small>[59]</small> '''A Deceiving'''</p>
+
| <p><small>[58]</small> '''A Deceiving'''</p>
  
 
<p>'''Mark''' when you have allowed one to be first in binding on your blade from your right, then thrust him from under, inside to his face, so that the Rappier runs around besides your right, the same as a Looping, but don't do this, instead thrust him again inside to his Body.</p>
 
<p>'''Mark''' when you have allowed one to be first in binding on your blade from your right, then thrust him from under, inside to his face, so that the Rappier runs around besides your right, the same as a Looping, but don't do this, instead thrust him again inside to his Body.</p>
Line 5,107: Line 5,104:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p><small>[60]</small> Pay attention when one drives his point high above you in ''Zufechten'', then act as if you may bind with him as soon as your point connects thus step and Low Cut his blade away with your left arm then thrust upwards and to the groin, if he pulls his blade however, thus guard yourself with hanging, and work to him over the hands or with taking out and cutting after.</p>
+
| <p><small>[59]</small> Pay attention when one drives his point high above you in ''Zufechten'', then act as if you may bind with him as soon as your point connects thus step and Low Cut his blade away with your left arm then thrust upwards and to the groin, if he pulls his blade however, thus guard yourself with hanging, and work to him over the hands or with taking out and cutting after.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 82r.jpg|3|lbl=82r.3|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 82v.jpg|1|lbl=82v.1|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 82r.jpg|3|lbl=82r.3|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 82v.jpg|1|lbl=82v.1|p=1}}
Line 5,113: Line 5,110:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p><small>[61]</small> '''Identical Thrusting in traveling after'''</p>
+
| <p><small>[60]</small> '''Identical Thrusting in traveling after'''</p>
  
 
<p>'''Item''' Thus the both of your stand in the Iron Gate, then pay attention as soon as he will go away from his guard, thus step out from his Thrust and follow quickly with the Point to the body from where he has gone, and thrust on the same line as him.</p>
 
<p>'''Item''' Thus the both of your stand in the Iron Gate, then pay attention as soon as he will go away from his guard, thus step out from his Thrust and follow quickly with the Point to the body from where he has gone, and thrust on the same line as him.</p>
Line 5,120: Line 5,117:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p><small>[62]</small> '''Traveling After'''</p>
+
| <p><small>[61]</small> '''Traveling After'''</p>
  
 
<p>This is a jolly and quick work in Rappier, by as much as he drives his defenses, and holds it somewhat besides his right, as soon as he goes away with the hilt, thus Thrust him quickly there on the same line from which he went.</p>
 
<p>This is a jolly and quick work in Rappier, by as much as he drives his defenses, and holds it somewhat besides his right, as soon as he goes away with the hilt, thus Thrust him quickly there on the same line from which he went.</p>
Line 5,127: Line 5,124:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p><small>[63]</small> '''After-cut from below'''</p>
+
| <p><small>[62]</small> '''After-cut from below'''</p>
  
 
<p>If you are in the Iron Gate, and one thrusts to your left, thus suppress him from above. Instantly have the hilt above you into the left Ox and cut quickly with the short edge from below through his face or R. There after thrust through, to a Middle Cut above the hands.</p>
 
<p>If you are in the Iron Gate, and one thrusts to your left, thus suppress him from above. Instantly have the hilt above you into the left Ox and cut quickly with the short edge from below through his face or R. There after thrust through, to a Middle Cut above the hands.</p>
Line 5,134: Line 5,131:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p><small>[64]</small> '''Item''' If one thrusts at you, to you right, thus suppress from you to your right, thus you come into the right Plow, thrust him from the Plow upwards to the face, this he must defend, cut instantly and quickly a Low Cut from you right through his left and thrust him above the hands to the face.</p>
+
| <p><small>[63]</small> '''Item''' If one thrusts at you, to you right, thus suppress from you to your right, thus you come into the right Plow, thrust him from the Plow upwards to the face, this he must defend, cut instantly and quickly a Low Cut from you right through his left and thrust him above the hands to the face.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 83r.jpg|1|lbl=83r.1}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 83r.jpg|1|lbl=83r.1}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p><small>[65]</small> '''''Balgen'' in Rappier'''</p>
+
| <p><small>[64]</small> '''''Balgen'' in Rappier'''</p>
  
 
<p>''Balgen'' is an abridgement and the proper Core of both weapons: the Dussack and the Rappier put together, which is so understandable and properly divided and placed, that every one of the four cuts can only be cut long from you. May you well understand and usefully learn from it, whether he even taught a bad school rule, and firstly therein is taught the cuts are orderly placed, to and through the man, how the drawn lines reveal. Next then however; as such cuts are cut at you, and how you shall meet these with displacing and breaking, to the third, when he now also uses such displacing and how you should take up in that, the fourth and last part teaches, of those who run in or under.</p>
 
<p>''Balgen'' is an abridgement and the proper Core of both weapons: the Dussack and the Rappier put together, which is so understandable and properly divided and placed, that every one of the four cuts can only be cut long from you. May you well understand and usefully learn from it, whether he even taught a bad school rule, and firstly therein is taught the cuts are orderly placed, to and through the man, how the drawn lines reveal. Next then however; as such cuts are cut at you, and how you shall meet these with displacing and breaking, to the third, when he now also uses such displacing and how you should take up in that, the fourth and last part teaches, of those who run in or under.</p>
Line 5,147: Line 5,144:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p><small>[66]</small> '''Item''' From the dissimilar weapons that when thus he has a ''Knebel'' Pike and you only a Dagger or Rappier, and how you should run under with cuts and many secret moves therewith you engage your enemy and then you can take his weapon.</p>
+
| <p><small>[65]</small> '''Item''' From the dissimilar weapons that when thus he has a ''Knebel'' Pike and you only a Dagger or Rappier, and how you should run under with cuts and many secret moves therewith you engage your enemy and then you can take his weapon.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 83v.jpg|2|lbl=83v.2}}
 
{{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 83v.jpg|2|lbl=83v.2}}
Line 5,153: Line 5,150:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p><small>[67]</small> '''The First ''Balg'' Cut'''</p>
+
| <p><small>[66]</small> '''The First ''Balg'' Cut'''</p>
  
 
<p>Is done thus: stand with the right foot forward and cut from above and below with outstretched arm together and forth, always with the Long edge through the opponent's left Wrath Line how the figure shows and mark when you will cut from above, thus distort the cut around again, into a strong Low Cut, upwards through the Forward Line with a full swing, wind then your hand in the air so that the short edge faces to the rear, and the sharp edge against the opponent, thus make a cut after your opportunity.</p>
 
<p>Is done thus: stand with the right foot forward and cut from above and below with outstretched arm together and forth, always with the Long edge through the opponent's left Wrath Line how the figure shows and mark when you will cut from above, thus distort the cut around again, into a strong Low Cut, upwards through the Forward Line with a full swing, wind then your hand in the air so that the short edge faces to the rear, and the sharp edge against the opponent, thus make a cut after your opportunity.</p>
Line 5,161: Line 5,158:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p><small>[68]</small> '''The Second'''</p>
+
| <p><small>[67]</small> '''The Second'''</p>
  
 
<p>'''Item''' Cut powerfully from your right from above like before, through the left Wrath Line, with outstretched arm so that your weapon comes to the left in the Middle Guard, from there a powerful Middle Cut through his face Thus you should make High or Low Cuts once or up to six times to his cuts.</p>
 
<p>'''Item''' Cut powerfully from your right from above like before, through the left Wrath Line, with outstretched arm so that your weapon comes to the left in the Middle Guard, from there a powerful Middle Cut through his face Thus you should make High or Low Cuts once or up to six times to his cuts.</p>
Line 5,168: Line 5,165:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p><small>[69]</small> '''The Third ''Balg'' Cut'''</p>
+
| <p><small>[68]</small> '''The Third ''Balg'' Cut'''</p>
  
 
<p>The third is called the Cross through both Wrath Lines, cut then powerfully with outstretched arm from you, and such cuts you should always stand with the right foot forwards, and always a ''Balg'' Cut, that is a High or Low Cut of the Cross with powerful Middle Cuts made after.</p>
 
<p>The third is called the Cross through both Wrath Lines, cut then powerfully with outstretched arm from you, and such cuts you should always stand with the right foot forwards, and always a ''Balg'' Cut, that is a High or Low Cut of the Cross with powerful Middle Cuts made after.</p>
Line 5,175: Line 5,172:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p><small>[70]</small> '''Item''' Send yourself into the Longpoint to the displacing, if he cuts against your left to the head, thus catch his strike with the long edge and pull then around your head and cut him through to his right arm and thrust him above from your right to his face, if he cuts to your right thus displace and cut his face or through his body.</p>
+
| <p><small>[69]</small> '''Item''' Send yourself into the Longpoint to the displacing, if he cuts against your left to the head, thus catch his strike with the long edge and pull then around your head and cut him through to his right arm and thrust him above from your right to his face, if he cuts to your right thus displace and cut his face or through his body.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 84v.jpg|1|lbl=84v.1}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 84v.jpg|1|lbl=84v.1}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p><small>[71]</small> If he cuts quickly from both sides through the Cross or thrusts from both sides, then displace long from you and when he has done One, two, three four strikes, thus cut then with the ''radt'' powerfully always after strike for strike through the Cross and ''Balg'' Cuts how here follows:</p>
+
| <p><small>[70]</small> If he cuts quickly from both sides through the Cross or thrusts from both sides, then displace long from you and when he has done One, two, three four strikes, thus cut then with the ''radt'' powerfully always after strike for strike through the Cross and ''Balg'' Cuts how here follows:</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 84v.jpg|2|lbl=84v.2}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 84v.jpg|2|lbl=84v.2}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p><small>[72]</small> '''Mark''' If one cuts on you from his right against your left thus cut with a strong High Cut from your right thereon and cut nimbly again after from your right through his left where he is, under or above where you can work to him and you are soon again in the displacing.</p>
+
| <p><small>[71]</small> '''Mark''' If one cuts on you from his right against your left thus cut with a strong High Cut from your right thereon and cut nimbly again after from your right through his left where he is, under or above where you can work to him and you are soon again in the displacing.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 84v.jpg|3|lbl=84v.3}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 84v.jpg|3|lbl=84v.3}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p><small>[73]</small> '''Item''' If one cuts on you the Crosscuts, strike after strike, thus displace him with outstretched arms, one strike, four or five, and pay attention where he looks further to strike, thus cut in between his head and weapon on his strong and suppress in with a strike twice, cut then with the ''Radt'' Strike and Crosscuts after.</p>
+
| <p><small>[72]</small> '''Item''' If one cuts on you the Crosscuts, strike after strike, thus displace him with outstretched arms, one strike, four or five, and pay attention where he looks further to strike, thus cut in between his head and weapon on his strong and suppress in with a strike twice, cut then with the ''Radt'' Strike and Crosscuts after.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 85r.jpg|1|lbl=85r.1}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 85r.jpg|1|lbl=85r.1}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p><small>[74]</small> '''Item''' If he cuts from below, the Middle or from above, thus you come to suppress them all and cut immediately after with the Cross or ''Balg'' Cuts.</p>
+
| <p><small>[73]</small> '''Item''' If he cuts from below, the Middle or from above, thus you come to suppress them all and cut immediately after with the Cross or ''Balg'' Cuts.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 85r.jpg|2|lbl=85r.2}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 85r.jpg|2|lbl=85r.2}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p><small>[75]</small> If one displaces you and will not cut but wait on your cuts, then cut away his displacement from your left, he is from under or athwart, with that he is drawn away to cut immediately after he does this, thus suppress his strike from you with a strong Roof Strike on the strong of his blade the third cuts quickly after to the opening.</p>
+
| <p><small>[74]</small> If one displaces you and will not cut but wait on your cuts, then cut away his displacement from your left, he is from under or athwart, with that he is drawn away to cut immediately after he does this, thus suppress his strike from you with a strong Roof Strike on the strong of his blade the third cuts quickly after to the opening.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 85r.jpg|3|lbl=85r.3}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 85r.jpg|3|lbl=85r.3}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p><small>[76]</small> '''Rule'''</p>
+
| <p><small>[75]</small> '''Rule'''</p>
  
 
<p>Note when he does not want to cut at you, then you should also not meet him with the first strike, but rather show as if you intended to strike to him, then when he misjudges, thus translate with this same cut, it is from above or below, suppressing or cutting out. The same displacement, should one quickly cut after.</p>
 
<p>Note when he does not want to cut at you, then you should also not meet him with the first strike, but rather show as if you intended to strike to him, then when he misjudges, thus translate with this same cut, it is from above or below, suppressing or cutting out. The same displacement, should one quickly cut after.</p>
Line 5,212: Line 5,209:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p><small>[77]</small> However where he is not provoked with a strike to counter, thus cut a Cross through his displacement or two Middle cuts against one another so that his blade is cut away, then must he cut, as soon as he cuts, thus takeout and away his cut with a counter cut, more to his strong thus as soon as you feel that he is soft, thus cut quickly to his body before he recovers, that is under or over.</p>
+
| <p><small>[76]</small> However where he is not provoked with a strike to counter, thus cut a Cross through his displacement or two Middle cuts against one another so that his blade is cut away, then must he cut, as soon as he cuts, thus takeout and away his cut with a counter cut, more to his strong thus as soon as you feel that he is soft, thus cut quickly to his body before he recovers, that is under or over.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 85v.jpg|2|lbl=85v.2}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 85v.jpg|2|lbl=85v.2}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| [[File:MS A.4º.2 86r.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[File:MS A.4º.2 86r.jpg|400px|center]]
| <p><small>[78]</small></p>
+
| <p><small>[77]</small></p>
 
| {{paget|MS A.4º.2|86r|jpg|blk=1}}
 
| {{paget|MS A.4º.2|86r|jpg|blk=1}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| [[File:MS A.4º.2 86v.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[File:MS A.4º.2 86v.jpg|400px|center]]
| <p><small>[79]</small></p>
+
| <p><small>[78]</small></p>
 
| {{paget|MS A.4º.2|86v|jpg|blk=1}}
 
| {{paget|MS A.4º.2|86v|jpg|blk=1}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| [[File:MS A.4º.2 87r.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[File:MS A.4º.2 87r.jpg|400px|center]]
| <p><small>[80]</small></p>
+
| <p><small>[79]</small></p>
 
| {{paget|MS A.4º.2|87r|jpg|blk=1}}
 
| {{paget|MS A.4º.2|87r|jpg|blk=1}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| [[File:MS A.4º.2 87v.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[File:MS A.4º.2 87v.jpg|400px|center]]
| <p><small>[81]</small></p>
+
| <p><small>[80]</small></p>
 
| {{paget|MS A.4º.2|87v|jpg|blk=1}}
 
| {{paget|MS A.4º.2|87v|jpg|blk=1}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| [[File:MS A.4º.2 88r.jpg|400px|center]]
 
| [[File:MS A.4º.2 88r.jpg|400px|center]]
| <p><small>[82]</small></p>
+
| <p><small>[81]</small></p>
 
| {{paget|MS A.4º.2|88r|jpg|blk=1}}
 
| {{paget|MS A.4º.2|88r|jpg|blk=1}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p><small>[83]</small> '''A Good ''Stuck'''''</p>
+
| <p><small>[82]</small> '''A Good ''Stuck'''''</p>
  
 
<p>'''Mark''' Thus when you must defend in the After, thus to you one comes with a Knebel pike in the air, over you, and you only have a Rappier or other similar single handed weapon, then hold the weapon athwart of your left foot on the earth, if he strikes a powerful diagonal, thus drive upwards with your weapon and spring to him under his strike, guard yourself in the spring with the head out from his strike and allow his strike to clash and stay on your weapon and grab quickly with the left hand on his staff, instantly cut nimble to his hands.</p>
 
<p>'''Mark''' Thus when you must defend in the After, thus to you one comes with a Knebel pike in the air, over you, and you only have a Rappier or other similar single handed weapon, then hold the weapon athwart of your left foot on the earth, if he strikes a powerful diagonal, thus drive upwards with your weapon and spring to him under his strike, guard yourself in the spring with the head out from his strike and allow his strike to clash and stay on your weapon and grab quickly with the left hand on his staff, instantly cut nimble to his hands.</p>
Line 5,249: Line 5,246:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p><small>[84]</small> '''Item''' If one thrusts on you and you have your weapon like is above taught, thus drive on and set off the thrust upwards above the head, if he pulls from your displacing and thrusts again, thus wind from above out of the Ox, his other thrust, again around out from and on to your left side with a Great spring to and grab his staff like before, on this lesson, may you defend against a long pike. But such a thing is not wise to use, especially against those who will signal their Pullings, where but one is Wrathful and is pressing on you, such techniques are altogether very desirable.</p>
+
| <p><small>[83]</small> '''Item''' If one thrusts on you and you have your weapon like is above taught, thus drive on and set off the thrust upwards above the head, if he pulls from your displacing and thrusts again, thus wind from above out of the Ox, his other thrust, again around out from and on to your left side with a Great spring to and grab his staff like before, on this lesson, may you defend against a long pike. But such a thing is not wise to use, especially against those who will signal their Pullings, where but one is Wrathful and is pressing on you, such techniques are altogether very desirable.</p>
 
|  
 
|  
 
{{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 88v.jpg|2|lbl=88v.2|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 89r.jpg|1|lbl=89r.1|p=1}}
 
{{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 88v.jpg|2|lbl=88v.2|p=1}} {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 89r.jpg|1|lbl=89r.1|p=1}}
Line 5,255: Line 5,252:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p><small>[85]</small> '''Item''' You may also send yourself in a hurry into the Ox, and from there wind through the hangings, mark however, that you nimbly should rush, to him or under his weapon, than yours has more air than his in the width from you is less, you will beat him, thus if he will then spring and thrust at you, then cutaway his thrust with a strong Wrath Cut, if he defends this, thus spring on to him with your strike.</p>
+
| <p><small>[84]</small> '''Item''' You may also send yourself in a hurry into the Ox, and from there wind through the hangings, mark however, that you nimbly should rush, to him or under his weapon, than yours has more air than his in the width from you is less, you will beat him, thus if he will then spring and thrust at you, then cutaway his thrust with a strong Wrath Cut, if he defends this, thus spring on to him with your strike.</p>
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 89r.jpg|2|lbl=89r.2}}
 
| {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 89r.jpg|2|lbl=89r.2}}
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p><small>[86]</small> '''From the Cloak'''</p>
+
| <p><small>[85]</small> '''From the Cloak'''</p>
  
 
<p>'''Mark''' When to you one would rush, thus wrap your Cloak around your arm if he cuts above at your head, thus drive his strike on your cloak and thrust instantly with his from under, to his stomach, or if you will not thrust to him, thus cut him through his feet, but if he cuts from under, thus fall with your cloak on it and thrust from above to his face. And before you with the cross, you can drive against all four endings of the strikes and thrusts.</p>
 
<p>'''Mark''' When to you one would rush, thus wrap your Cloak around your arm if he cuts above at your head, thus drive his strike on your cloak and thrust instantly with his from under, to his stomach, or if you will not thrust to him, thus cut him through his feet, but if he cuts from under, thus fall with your cloak on it and thrust from above to his face. And before you with the cross, you can drive against all four endings of the strikes and thrusts.</p>
Line 5,268: Line 5,265:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|  
 
|  
| <p><small>[87]</small> '''Another'''</p>
+
| <p><small>[86]</small> '''Another'''</p>
  
 
<p>'''Item''' When one cuts or thrusts at you, thus displace his strike with the Rappier and again after he parries, thus fall with your cloak on his blade and hold onto him there, then cut or thrust in the meantime, nimbly, where you can get him, defend yourself again with the Cross.</p>
 
<p>'''Item''' When one cuts or thrusts at you, thus displace his strike with the Rappier and again after he parries, thus fall with your cloak on his blade and hold onto him there, then cut or thrust in the meantime, nimbly, where you can get him, defend yourself again with the Cross.</p>
Line 5,275: Line 5,272:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| class="noline" |  
 
| class="noline" |  
| class="noline" | <p><small>[88]</small> Item: Hold you cloak long and when he cuts at you, thus strike with the cape around his blade and spring to him with striking. Thus you yourself will fight.</p>
+
| class="noline" | <p><small>[87]</small> Item: Hold you cloak long and when he cuts at you, thus strike with the cape around his blade and spring to him with striking. Thus you yourself will fight.</p>
 
| class="noline" | {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 89v.jpg|3|lbl=89v.3}}
 
| class="noline" | {{section|Page:MS A.4º.2 89v.jpg|3|lbl=89v.3}}
  

Revision as of 02:44, 12 April 2024

Joachim Meyer
Born ca. 1537
Basel, Germany
Died 24 February 1571 (aged 34)
Schwerin, Germany
Spouse(s) Appolonia Ruhlman
Occupation
Citizenship Strasbourg
Patron
  • Georg Johann Ⅰ
  • Otto von Solms
  • Johann Casimir
  • Johann Albrecht
Movement Freifechter
Influences
Influenced
Genres Fencing manual
Language Early New High German
Notable work(s) Gründtliche Beschreibung der... Kunst des
Fechtens
(1570)
Manuscript(s)
First printed
english edition
Forgeng, 2006
Concordance by Michael Chidester
Translations
Signature Joachim Meyer sig.jpg

Joachim Meyer (ca. 1537 - 1571)[1] was a 16th century German cutler, Freifechter, and fencing master. He was the last major figure in the tradition of the German grand master Johannes Liechtenauer, and in the later years of his life he devised at least four distinct and quite extensive fencing manuals. Meyer's writings incorporate both the traditional Germanic technical syllabus and contemporary systems that he encountered in his travels, including Italian rapier fencing. In addition to his fencing practice, Meyer was a Burgher and a master cutler.[2]

Meyer was born in Basel,[3] where he presumably apprenticed as a cutler. He writes in his books that he traveled widely in his youth, most likely a reference to the traditional Walz that journeyman craftsmen were required to take before being eligible for mastery and membership in a guild. Journeymen were often sent to stand watch and participate in town and city militias (a responsibility that would have been amplified for the warlike cutlers' guild), and Meyer learned a great deal about foreign fencing systems during his travels. It's been speculated by some fencing historians that he trained specifically in the Bolognese school of fencing, but this doesn't stand up to closer analysis.[4]

Records show that by 4 June 1560 he had settled in Strasbourg, where he married Appolonia Ruhlman (Ruelman)[1] and was granted the rank of master cutler. His interests had already moved beyond smithing, however, and in 1561, Meyer's petition to the City Council of Strasbourg for the right to hold a Fechtschule was granted. He would repeat this in 1563, 1566, 1567 and 1568;[5] the 1568 petition is the first extant record in which he identifies himself as a fencing master.

Meyer probably wrote his first manuscript (MS Bibl. 2465) in 1561 for Georg Johann Ⅰ, Count Palatine of Veldenz,[6] and his second (MS A.4º.2) in 1568 for Otto (later Count of Solms-Sonnewalde).[7] Both of these manuscripts contain a series of lessons on training with long sword, dusack, and rapier; the 1561 also covers dagger, polearms, and armored fencing. His third manuscript (MS Var.82), written between 1563 and 1571 and containing a dedication at the end to Heinrich, Count of Eberstein, is of a decidedly different nature. Like many fencing manuscripts from the previous century, it is an anthology of treatises by a number of prominent German masters including Sigmund ain Ringeck, pseudo-Peter von Danzig, and Martin Syber, and also includes a brief outline by Meyer himself on a system of rapier fencing based on German Messer teachings.

Finally, on 24 February 1570, Meyer completed an enormous treatise entitled Gründtliche Beschreibung, der freyen Ritterlichen unnd Adelichen kunst des Fechtens, in allerley gebreuchlichen Wehren, mit vil schönen und nützlichen Figuren gezieret und fürgestellet ("A Thorough Description of the Free, Chivalric, and Noble Art of Fencing, Showing Various Customary Defenses, Affected and Put Forth with Many Handsome and Useful Drawings"); it was dedicated to Johann Casimir, Count Palatine of Simmern,[6] and illustrated at the workshop of Tobias Stimmer.[8] It contains all of the weapons of the 1561 and '68 manuscripts apart from fencing in armor, and dramatically expands his teachings on each.

Unfortunately, Meyer's writing and publication efforts incurred significant debts (about 300 crowns), which Meyer pledged to repay by Christmas of 1571.[1] Late in 1570, Meyer accepted the position of Fechtmeister to Duke Johann Albrecht of Mecklenburg at his court in Schwerin. There Meyer hoped to sell his book for a better price than was offered locally (30 florins). Meyer sent his books ahead to Schwerin, and left from Strasbourg on 4 January 1571 after receiving his pay. He traveled the 800 miles to Schwerin in the middle of a harsh winter, arriving at the court on 10 February 1571. Two weeks later, on 24 February, Joachim Meyer died. The cause of his death is unknown, possibly disease or pneumonia.[5]

Antoni Rulman, Appolonia’s brother, became her legal guardian after Joachim’s death. On 15 May 1571, he had a letter written by the secretary of the Strasbourg city chamber and sent to the Duke of Mecklenburg stating that Antoni was now the widow Meyer’s guardian; it politely reminded the Duke who Joachim Meyer was, Meyer’s publishing efforts and considerable debt, requested that the Duke send Meyer’s personal affects and his books to Appolonia, and attempted to sell some (if not all) of the books to the Duke.[1]

Appolonia remarried in April 1572 to another cutler named Hans Kuele, bestowing upon him the status of Burgher and Meyer's substantial debts. Joachim Meyer and Hans Kuele are both mentioned in the minutes of Cutlers' Guild archives; Kuele may have made an impression if we can judge that fact by the number of times he is mentioned. It is believed that Appolonia and either her husband or her brother were involved with the second printing of his book in 1600. According to other sources, it was reprinted yet again in 1610 and in 1660.[9][10]

Contents

Treatises

Joachim Meyer's writings are preserved in three manuscripts prepared in the 1560s: the 1561 MS Bibl. 2465 (Munich), dedicated to Georg Johannes von Veldenz; the 1563-68 MS A.4º.2 (Lund), dedicated to Otto von Solms; and the MS Var. 82 (Rostock), including notes on teachings from Stephan Heinrich von Eberstein and which Meyer may have still been working at the time of his death in 1571. Dwarfing these works is the massive book he published in 1570 entitled Gründtliche Beschreibung der ...Kunst des Fechtens ("A Thorough Description of the... Art of Fencing"), dedicated to Johann Kasimir von Pfalz-Simmern. Meyer's writings purport to teach the entire art of fencing, something that he claimed had never been done before, and encompass a wide variety of teachings from disparate sources and traditions. To achieve this goal, Meyer seems to have constructed his treatises as a series of progressive lessons, describing a process for learning to fence rather than merely outlining the underlying theory or listing the techniques. In keeping with this, he illustrates his techniques with depictions of fencers in courtyards using training weapons such as two-handed foils, wooden dusacks, and rapiers with ball tips.

The first section of Meyer's treatise is devoted to the long sword (the sword in two hands), which he describes as the foundational weapon of his system, and this section devotes the most space to fundamentals like stance and footwork. His long sword system draws upon the teachings of Freifechter Andre Paurenfeyndt (via Christian Egenolff's reprint) and Liechtenauer glossators Sigmund ain Ringeck and Lew, as well as using terminology otherwise unique to the brief Recital of Martin Syber. Not content merely to compile these teachings as his contemporary Paulus Hector Mair was doing, Meyer sought to update—even reinvent—them in various ways to fit the martial climate of the late sixteenth century, including adapting many techniques to accommodate the increased momentum of a greatsword and modifying others to use beats with the flat and winding slices in place of thrusts to comply with street-fighting laws in German cities (and the rules of the Fechtschule).

The second section of Meyer's treatises is designed to address new weapons gaining traction in German lands, the dusack and the rapier, and thereby find places for them in the German tradition. His early Lund manuscript presents a more summarized syllabus of techniques for these weapons, while his printed book goes into greater depth and is structured more in the fashion of lesson plans.[11] Meyer's dusack system, designed for the broad proto-sabers that spread into German lands from Eastern Europe in the 16th century,[12] combines the old Messer teachings of Johannes Lecküchner and the dusack teachings of Andre Paurenfeyndt with other unknown systems (some have speculated that they might include early Polish or Hungarian saber systems). His rapier system, designed for the lighter single-hand swords spreading north from Iberian and Italian lands, seems again to be a hybrid creation, integrating both the core teachings of the 15th century Liechtenauer tradition as well as components that are characteristic of the various regional Mediterranean fencing systems (including, perhaps, teachings derived from the treatise of Achille Marozzo). Interestingly, Meyer's rapier teachings in the Rostock seem to represent an attempt to unify these two weapon system, outlining a method for rapier fencing that includes key elements of his dusack teachings; it is unclear why this method did not appear in his book, but given the dates it may be that they represent his last musings on the weapon, written in the time between the completion of his book in 1570 and his death a year later.

The third section of Meyer's treatise is omitted in the Lund manuscript but present in the Munich and the 1570, and covers dagger, wrestling, and various pole weapons; to this, the Munich adds several plays of armored fencing. His dagger teachings, designed primarily for urban self-defense, seem to be based in part on the writings of Bolognese master Achille Marozzo,[13] but also include much unique content of unknown origin (perhaps the anonymous dagger teachings in his Rostock manuscript). His staff material makes up the bulk of this section, beginning with the short staff, which, like Paurenfeyndt, he uses as a training tool for various pole weapons (and possibly also the greatsword), and then moving on to the halberd before ending with the long staff (representing the pike). As with the dagger, the sources Meyer based his staff teachings on are largely unknown.

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Additional Resources

The following is a list of publications containing scans, transcriptions, and translations relevant to this article, as well as published peer-reviewed research.

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Dupuis, Olivier. Joachim Meyer, escrimeur libre, bourgeois de Strasbourg (1537 ? - 1571). In Maîtres et techniques de combat. Dijon: AEDEH, 2006.
  2. Naumann, Robert. Serapeum. Vol. 5. T.O. Weigel, 1844. pp 53-59.
  3. According to his wedding certificate.
  4. The influence of Achilles Marozzo's printed treatise is, however, apparent in the rapier illustrations of his 1561 manuscript and the dagger plays in his book.
  5. 5.0 5.1 Van Slambrouck, Christopher. "The Life and Work of Joachim Meyer". Meyer Frei Fechter Guild, 2010. Retrieved 29 January 2010.
  6. 6.0 6.1 Though as a prince of the Wittelsbach dynasty, he was addressed by the loftiest titles held by the family: Count Palatine of the Rhine and Duke of Bavaria.
  7. Norling, Roger. "The history of Joachim Meyer’s fencing treatise to Otto von Solms". Hroarr.com, 2012. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
  8. Whose members included Christoph Maurer and Hans Christoffel Stimmer.
  9. Schaer, Alfred. Die altdeutschen fechter und spielleute: Ein beitrag zur deutschen culturgeschichte. K.J. Trübner, 1901. p 76.
  10. Pollock, W. H., Grove, F. C., and Prévost, C. Fencing. London and Bombay: Longmans, Green, and co, 1897. pp 267-268.
  11. Roberts, James. "System vs Syllabus: Meyer’s 1560 and 1570 sidesword texts". Hroarr.com, 2014. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
  12. Roger Norling. "The Dussack - a weapon of war". Hroarr.com, 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2015.
  13. Norling, Roger. "Meyer and Marozzo dagger comparison". Hroarr.com, 2012. Retrieved 15 February 2015.
  14. Up to this point, the text matches the Lund manuscript, folia 6r to 7r.
  15. Note: this translation could be interpreted to mean “so that your half edge slides downward [presumably on his blade], hitting his right shoulder”. Meyer used the words mit Glitschen = to slither, to slide, to glide, to move with sliding.
  16. A number in the margin refers to the illustration in page number 13.
  17. The text starts matching the Lund manuscript again here (beginning on folio 7v), continuing until the Figures.
  18. Note: The Lund also mentions “the figure above” yet that figure does not appear in the Lund! Here it does, and it could be a representation of Meyer himself?
  19. The "l" appears to be written over another letter, perhaps a "b".
  20. Note: here I have included this line for clarity from Dr. Forgeng’s 1568 Lund translation: “Therefore every fighter shall know as has been said above, for when two good fighters come together, whoever thinks quicker triumphs quicker.”
  21. Note: the image shows the opponent on the left in Barrier Guard with point to the ground, hence Meyer’s advice to “take his blade away from the ground”.
  22. 22.0 22.1 22.2 22.3 Torn page on left.
  23. 23.0 23.1 Torn page on right.
  24. To help illuminate the connections to Liechtenauer's teachings, I've added the verse numbers used in the Johannes Liechtenauer article and the various glosses to Kevin's translation. I've also added a few footnotes, and included my initials to distinguish them from Kevin's notes. Note all the verses in this section are found in Christian Egenolff's 1531 edition of Andre Paurenfeyndt's treatise—except the "First Rhyme", verses 17-20. ~Michael Chidester
  25. Note: the interpretation here is a generalized summary found in the 1570 at Ⅰ.45v—46r
  26. These two lines are a paraphrase of verse 77 of Liechtenauer's Zedel. ~MCC
  27. This rhyming section is reminiscent of the eight-line Indes poem found in several of the 15th century glosses (despite not being part of Liechtenauer's Zedel), but only the last two lines are the same. ~MCC
  28. This rhyme found in Egenolph's 1531 Frankfurt edition of Pauernfeindt, page 4v.
  29. Unclear.
  30. This rhyme found in Egenolph's 1531 Frankfurt edition of Pauernfeindt, page 7r.
  31. Note: gesechen = may be gesehen ENHG
  32. Unclear.
  33. This is a reference to Liechtenauer verses 56 and 79. ~MCC
  34. Liechtenauer verse 57. ~MCC
  35. This is the fourth of Paurnfeyndt's Twelve Rules for the Beginner Fencer, found on page 4r of Egenolff 1531. This is particularly odd because the first line comes from Egenolff, but the second line seems to be from Liechtenauer verse 11, which the rule was based on. The version in the fourth rule is Der darff sich kunst nit frewen. ~MCC
  36. The above text appears somewhat synonymous with pages 44-45 of the Lund Dussack section, except that in the Lund Meyer says there are 12 cuts and yet here he says there are 16.
  37. This text also appears in the Lund pg 45, yet there Meyer gave an alternate name to the Watch guard as Luginslandt, here he does not mention Luginslandt. Additionally, Meyer does not include the Blind Cut in the Lund, yet here he does and it also appears in 1570 Dussack. In addition, here Meyer names the Slice and the Bow as guards. Yet in the 1560 he lists them with the guards but says they are the two parrys. Here he gives a separate paragraph about these two.
  38. Above text also appears in Lund 47v.1.
  39. The translation for this paragraph is incomplete. The missing part says something like "thus trap his hand as is drawn here, step behind him, and". ~MCC
  40. Lund 57v.1 Zornhau.
  41. The first paragraph “A good attack from the Steer” is synonymous in the 1560 57v.2. Last two paragraphs here are not found there.
  42. Unclear.
  43. Found in Lund 60v.1.
  44. Abrauschen = to shoot off.
  45. The second rule omits this sentence found in the Lund, “so that your Dussack comes onto your left shoulder”, and rather Meyer says here, “lift simultaneously your body together with the Dussack to your left side”. Then the Lund synonymously says “turn your body well after your Dussack upon your left side”.
  46. These two paragraphs found in Lund 61v.1 and 62r.1; with above noted differences.
  47. The 4th rule and other paragraph synonymous with Lund 62r.2, 62r.3
  48. The Counter to the Bow is synonymous with Lund 62v.1, except that here Meyer added the target of striking besides his parry to the face, ad also changed last line to read: “This technique often works as has been shown previously in the Bow”, while in the Lund he says “This technique often works as has been shown previously in the Bow and Change.” So he omitted the word Wechsel or Changer here.
  49. It refers to the picture set at the page with the number 31.
  50. Found in Lund 63r.1 63r.2 63r.3.
  51. Above paragraph “Breaking in over the Bow” is found in Lund 63v.1. Here Meyer added schenkel (thigh), also he added another line to the next; “zum gesicht das dein versatzung hoch pleibt” The third paragraph here is not found in the Lund.
  52. First paragraph here found as last and separate para in 63v.1 Lund. Meyer changed words here on the last line of the second paragraph from hand to haft, “so that your haft remains high”.
  53. Durcken Zug = this may mean Turkish Cut. A slice using a drawing motion, usually with a curved blade.
  54. Kniebugen = crook of knee, bend of knee.
  55. These descriptions differ in wording from the Lund.
  56. Apicem id from Latin: Apex Cut or a Scalp Cut; as also used in the Lund.
  57. Possible translation of anckell: “back of head”, as the image clearly shows a strike there.
  58. Curious typographical sign.
  59. Unclear.
  60. Note: The first paragraph of Two Constrainers appears in Lund 55v.1, but it does not include second paragraph found here from left steer.
  61. This paragraph is from Lund 56r.1, but is titled there: "a Good Stuck from the Constrainer"; here Meyer calls it an “Example”.
  62. The Rose Cut's first paragraph above is found in the Lund 56r.2, but the 2nd paragraph here is not found in Lund.
  63. Feler hau description here is mostly synonymous with the Lund 50r.1, but here Meyer ends with “how it is reported in the Boch hau”, which is not found in the Lund.
  64. Synonymous with Lund 56v.3.
  65. Synonymous with Lund 57r.1.
  66. Synonymous with Lund 57r.2.
  67. Unclear.
  68. Arbeit im einlauffen from Lund 60r.2; last 3 lines do not appear in Lund. Item etc.
  69. The isolated “s” seems a mistake and not the beginning of an unfinished word.
  70. The Drivings also appear in Lund 64v.1 – 65r.1.
  71. Note this line is missing from 6th driving here, but found in Lund 65r.1: sonderlich einem starcken zum schlachtschwert, "particularly for someone who is strong with a Battlesword".
  72. Note: The handwriting appears closer together with less spacing between sentences and words, so that maybe the author had a lot to share and yet was bound to limit the page space used? Appears Crammed together more.
  73. Unclear.
  74. Unclear.
  75. This paragraph here is from Lund 76v.1.
  76. These paragraphs found in Lund 77v.1 and 78v.1. These paragraphs found in Lund Rapier prior to this poem: Drei Lauffende Stich auss dem linken Pflug von einer seitten.
  77. Paragraph found in Lund 78v.2.
  78. From Lund 79r.1.
  79. Unclear.
  80. Gleich einer Rinder = like a Rinde or Looping technique.
  81. Found in Lund 81v.2, 82r.1, and 82r.2; changed Last line of first para 81v.2, added “den undern in obern”, the lower into the upper. 82r.1 paragraph title ox and plow different: den ochsen und pflug ineinander stechen to new Den ochsen und pflug zusamen stechen. The Ox and Plow thrusting into one another, changed to Thrusting the Ox and Plow together.
  82. This paragraph found in Lund pg 81 but without para title as above and no image. Angehest changed to mogest; several other changes with word additions. Part of paragraph titled: A Deceiving.
  83. 83.0 83.1 83.2 83.3 83.4 83.5 Section of translation missing. ~MCC
  84. Handwriting appears to change here, first use of umlauted a and also the lower case g are different here, overall may be a new penman. Definitely a different person's handwriting!
  85. Second and third paragraphs here are from Lund 72v.1, 72v.2 and titled there as Change.
  86. Note: This is found in Lund 73v.3.
  87. Sprungsweise translates to “by leaping” “by skipping” drei schrit = 3 steps.
  88. In the last Stuck, Meyer actually gives units of measurement i.e., 3 schrit, a shritt is an obsolete unit of measurement roughly equal to 75 cm or 29.5 inches, so that 3 schritt would equal roughly 90 inches or 7.5 feet. Meyer also uses 2 shoe lengths, and then actually uses the word Klaffter which was: “derived from the span of a man's outstretched arms and was traditionally about 1.80 meters or 5.9 feet” (Wikipedia).
  89. Unclear.
  90. Unclear.
  91. Kelen = throat, Ancken = back of neck/head.
  92. Uchsen = armpit (grimms), Koll = Head.
  93. Ancken = back of head/neck.
  94. Offenern Schulen- this word is synonymous with the Fechtschulen, “Offenen” basically means public or Open schools. See Wassmansdorff, many original examples.
  95. Genick=neck, fingerlössen=finger severing, Mauss=ball of the hand below thumb.. Schlöff=may be Swiss variation of schläfe or temple.
  96. Ceci fait suite à la page de gauche
  97. 97.0 97.1 97.2 orig. dolchen; all instances of "dagger" in this document are dolchen excepy when footnoted.
  98. orig. ararmschirleinn
  99. orig. stichen, "thrust"/"stab" (context dependent); instances of stabbing that use other verbs will be footnoted.
  100. orig. Armschiene - seemingly a part of the armour
  101. orig. geordinirtt
  102. orig. schießen; see here
  103. orig. findt
  104. orig. spis
  105. orig. schwertt
  106. orig. sebell
  107. 107.0 107.1 orig. kempff degen; it can mean either “combat sword” or “combat dagger” (Source 1, Source 2). See here for a painting with kempffdegen in its caption
  108. 108.0 108.1 orig. Anngreiffen; "attacking" or "grappling"; cf. angreifen
  109. orig. zimlich
  110. alt. "endure"
  111. Ittem has many potential meanings: "further", "likewise", "the same as", and also simply as a means of 'bullet-pointing' numerous items. I've found that "likewise" works as an apt translation most of the time, but for clarity I will leave it untranslated. See this article.
  112. orig. noch eines Idenn woll gefalen
  113. orig. Reren; cf. Rohre/Röhre
  114. orig. lest
  115. orig. Schranckenn
  116. orig. dringen/thringen; refers to pressing one's point into an opponent['s armour/mail], cf. modern sense of "pushing through a crowd". See this glossary for more information
  117. orig. donerschlag; a strike with the hilt of the longsword while holding the blade
  118. orig. vnnd las Inn vorverthobenn; messy ink makes it difficult to transcribe; possible alt. "and read above beforehand"
  119. A blunt strike, as opposed to a cut or slice. See here.
  120. orig. versezen; alt. "parrying"
  121. Unclear.
  122. orig. ansezen; most likely means "pinned", "planted" (in the sense of placing your weapon or hand against an opponent, in a grappling sense); alt. "attacking" (cf. modern ansetzen). See this glossary for more information
  123. orig. erlang
  124. see nachreissen
  125. 125.0 125.1 125.2 125.3 125.4 125.5 125.6 orig. stehenn; often coupled with ansezen in this section; alt. "stand against"
  126. orig. uchsen
  127. orig. Gelenck. Refers to joints in armour, but also body parts - in the context of armoured fencing, it is most likely referring to the joints in the armour
  128. orig. greifest
  129. 129.0 129.1 129.2 129.3 orig. brich
  130. orig. anbrichen
  131. 131.00 131.01 131.02 131.03 131.04 131.05 131.06 131.07 131.08 131.09 131.10 131.11 orig. stos
  132. orig. goch
  133. 133.0 133.1 133.2 133.3 133.4 133.5 133.6 orig. schlag
  134. 134.0 134.1 134.2 see absetzen
  135. orig. drissel; cf. thrissel
  136. orig. schlag dein beidt vnder dein Recht achsell. From interpretation, the word schlag here doesn't make much sense: it's possible that beidt was intended to be said or written as bindt, as in "put your grip under your right shoulder".
  137. orig. Achsell
  138. 138.0 138.1 see Ringen
  139. 139.0 139.1 see arbeiten
  140. 140.0 140.1 140.2 140.3 140.4 140.5 orig. streich, cf. schlag
  141. 141.0 141.1 141.2 141.3 141.4 141.5 141.6 141.7 orig. inndes
  142. alt. "attacks"
  143. orig. last Er dür die seitten
  144. 144.0 144.1 orig. Ring; alt. lists
  145. orig. vergesezsten
  146. 146.0 146.1 146.2 see abzucken
  147. orig. fies
  148. 148.0 148.1 see gleich
  149. unclear transcription; possibly nim, ergo "take the weight"
  150. Unclear.
  151. orig. zwerchs
  152. 152.0 152.1 orig. degen; see kempffdegen
  153. orig. hawen. A cut or slice, as opposed to a blunt strike. See see here.
  154. 154.0 154.1 154.2 orig. bickell; most likely referring to the artificial, "mason's hammer", pickaxe shape of the crossguard in armoured fencing
  155. orig. klos
  156. orig. Stuck
  157. orig. knefftiglich, interpreted as krefftiglich
  158. orig. verfelen - described earlier in 1561 as a feint whereby you wait for your opponent to react to a strike, then change the direction of the strike
  159. orig. entgehenn
  160. orig. faren/auffaren; cf. fahren
  161. originally transcribed as knefftiglich, but krefftiglich (lit. "powerfully") seems more likely, in my opinion
  162. orig. gerecht; possible mistranscription/misspelling of gemecht, lit. "groin" or "genitals"
  163. 163.0 163.1 163.2 orig. las dein bindt fahren, lit. "let your grip drive"; alt. "release your grip and drive"
  164. Possibly "hauberk"(?).
  165. 165.0 165.1 orig. ausnemen; alt. "take out [the blade with a parry]"; "deflect"(?)
  166. orig. verzoblen; cf. verzögern
  167. lit. oben hutt; contrast Oberhutt
  168. orig. heutt; possible verb form of hutt
  169. orig. überwegest
  170. 170.0 170.1 orig. schlagen. Probably means "place" in this context.
  171. orig. sez; no accompanying adposition but I assume he means ansezen
  172. listen
  173. orig. Bundtschlag, lit. "grip strike"
  174. orig. fertt
  175. orig. wie nechst
  176. orig. oder Aber fus gesicht, lit. or but foot face, possible alt. "or his foot or face"
  177. orig. wendt
  178. orig. Reüb
  179. orig. geschmidt, lit. smithed. Possibly misspelling of Geschmeidt, which means "jewellery" - perhaps slang for gemecht ("genitals)".
  180. orig. steßen
  181. orig. abgewünnen
  182. Note that he uses the word degen but seems to refer to the aforementioned "threefold" dagger, which he referred to using the word dolchen.
  183. orig. feder
  184. orig. spietzen
  185. Reference in the left margin to picture on page 61.
  186. orig. auf dz schlos am Rucken; alt. "clasp of the back"
  187. orig. Wappenrock
  188. Unclear whether die refers to the dagger or the heart, here
  189. orig. kurz halbenn; alt. "short edge"
  190. orig. concordiren
  191. This word overwrites an initial die.
  192. The first 10 lines of this paragraph are shorter of 30% than the last four, as if there is a left place here for a picture or a diagram.
  193. The second letter looks a bit like a “b” but it is nonsense. It can be also considered like a small capital “e”.
  194. The first letter corrected from “w” by cancelling the first bow of the letter.
  195. The first letter could also read as an “l", but “b” seems more probable here.
  196. The first letter corrected from “b” by overwriting.
  197. The ink is a bit blurred, particularly in the beginning of the word which results in an ambiguous reading; stucken would be more plausible in this context but does not fit with the appearance of the first couple of letters at all.
  198. The writer first wrote hawst but the “s” has been cancelled afterwards.
  199. Recte: und.
  200. The writer first wrote arms but the final “s” has been cancelled afterwards.
  201. The letter “s” has ben cancelled just before the word den.
  202. Above the letter “i” a large circle is drawn as it is used to mark the letter “u”.
  203. Doubling of the word seitten, considered as a mistake and corrected here as the first finished a line.
  204. Setzen has been written afterwards just under ver- and looks like a catchword; however, the following page does not start with the same word. It could be a mistake of the scribe.
  205. An abbreviation sign at the end of the word tends to signify that it should be expanded to hawen, but it has been cancelled.
  206. The “h” is writen above a “e”.
  207. Unclear reading. The word has been corrected, possibly from zu, which, however, cannot be definitely affirmed.
  208. The words und oder after this word are cancelled.
  209. At this place is a sign that commonly indicates a line break or an end of a paragraph. Here, however, the following text continues in the same line.
  210. The first letter appears to be a cancelled “t”; however the reading remains ambiguous.
  211. The end of this word, sicht is inserted below the line at the right, like a catchword. However, the following written page, fol. 23r, does not start with the same word. Could be a mistake by the scribe or a clue for a missing page.
  212. After this word a large circle is drawn and its only meaning seems to complete the line to the right and avoid a big default in the right alignment.
  213. The letter “d” is cancelled just before the “b” of this word.
  214. The initial letter “b” is written above another letter, maybe a “g”.
  215. This first two letters are written above the letter “k”.
  216. A letter “b” or “l” has been written after this word but has ben cancelled.
  217. The first letter seems to superscribe an initial “I”.
  218. The writer firstly wrote an “m” as a final letter and subsequently cancelled the last leg to get an “n”.
  219. The final letter “t” is written above the line, in replacement for a previously cancelled letter.
  220. This word is written above a previous one, which is unreadable now.
  221. The first letters are difficult to make out due to a (water?) damage.
  222. The first letter of this word has been written above another, now illegible one.
  223. A letter “h” was written in the second position to begin with but cancelled afterwards.
  224. The first letter is curiously composed, but seems to have been readen as a "v".
  225. The second letter has been canceled and corrected by "o" above the line.
  226. The original text is derholhalben derhalben, which seems to be an unnecessary repetition.
  227. Doubling of the word handt, a probable mistake as the first is written a the end of the line. Same mistake as 17r.
  228. Doubling of the words den andern, probable mistake, only it is conserved here.
  229. A lone letter "h" is writen here, perhaps a beginning for “hew”, which was finally written after the digit “4”. Corrected in this edition.
  230. This sentence can be found in the printed book: « und merck wann du zur rechten undern Blöß schlechst, es sey flech, lang oder kurtz » (plate XXIXv from the 1570 edition)
  231. The third letter “h” was cancelled by overwriting it with an “l”.
  232. The letter “a” is crossed out in the beginning of the word.
  233. The first letter was first written in lower case but was corrected with an upper-case letter.
  234. Unclear reading. It appears as if the scribe first intended to write “halber” but noticed his error in the middle of the word. The reverse may be true also.
  235. The "R." has been inserted at the end of the line afterwards.
  236. Right of this place a large blank space remains until the end of the line.
  237. The written put a "n" between sch and enckel and canceled it.
  238. Linck and seitten are reversed in the manuscript but superscribed with “1” and “2” respectively in order to indicate the correct order.
  239. Corrected from Im, the first stroke of the “m” has been cancelled.
  240. Spitz uber- is clearly copied twice, this is probably an eye-skip.
  241. Correction done on sticht by canceling the last letter.
  242. This entire paragraph is justified on the right by a vertical line, unique in the manuscript.
  243. Corrected on Ⅲ.47v.
  244. Corrected on Ⅲ.47v.
  245. The "st" ligature is inverted.
  246. Typo, should be "wolt, könne".
  247. Originally printed "abzutzest", but corrected on Ⅲ.47v.
  248. Originally printed "verhauren", but corrected on Ⅲ.47v.
  249. The "t" is inverted.
  250. Ⅲ.47v indicates that this was printed "erbangen" and needed to be corrected to "erlangen", but that's not true in any copy available for consult.
  251. Originally printed "mim", but corrected on Ⅲ.47v.
  252. Originally printed "Higur", but corrected on Ⅲ.47v.
  253. Originally printed "Fellen", but corrected on Ⅲ.47v.
  254. Originally printed "gem" (with an inverted g), but corrected on Ⅲ.47v.
  255. Originally printed "allo", but corrected on Ⅲ.47v.
  256. Originally printed "Atm", but corrected on Ⅲ.47v.
  257. The first 't' is inverted.
  258. Terminal 'e' is inverted.
  259. Originally printed "bleiden", but corrected on Ⅲ.47v.
  260. Originally printed "klnie", but corrected on Ⅲ.47v.
  261. Originally printed "duch", but corrected on Ⅲ.47v.
  262. The second "e" is inverted.
  263. Originally printed "fein", but corrected on Ⅲ.47v.
  264. Originally printed "behendig ich", but corrected on Ⅲ.47v.
  265. Misnumbered 87r.
  266. 266.00 266.01 266.02 266.03 266.04 266.05 266.06 266.07 266.08 266.09 266.10 266.11 266.12 266.13 266.14 266.15 266.16 266.17 266.18 266.19 266.20 266.21 266.22 266.23 266.24 266.25 266.26 266.27 266.28 266.29 266.30 266.31 indes
  267. palm up
  268. Illegible deletion.
  269. oberhauw
  270. ‘right’ is originally written, ‘left’ is written above it
  271. short edge
  272. “Degen”, lit. dagger, could either refer to a sword or dagger.
  273. short edge
  274. Unleserliche Streichung. Illegible deletion.
  275. Unleserliche gestrichen Einfügung oberhalb der Zeile. Crossed out illegible insertion above the line.
  276. Die Schlaufe des »h« trägt ein Diärese. The loop of the “h” carries a diaeresis.
  277. Korrigiert aus »mitelhauw«. Corrected from “mitelhauw”.
  278. Leicht unleserlich. Slightly illegible.
  279. Überschriebens »vom«. Overwritten “vom”.
  280. Inserted by means of a special mark.
  281. Word inserted next to the text.
  282. Inserted nest to the text.
  283. Zwei Worte am Seitenrand nachgetragen. Two words inserted at the margin.
  284. Wort am Seitenrand nachgetragen. Word inserted at the margin.